Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick and light golden in color, the Lay's potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global control. But its maker, Frito-Lay doesn't think so. "Potato chips are a snack food for the world , "said Salman Amin, the company's head of global marketing. Amin believes there is no corner of the world that can resist the attractions of a Frito-Lay potato chip. Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America owned by Pepsico and accounts for over half of the parent company's $ 3 billion profits every year. But the U.S. snack food market is largely saturated(饱和),and to grow, the company has to look overseas. Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies of scale(规模) with which local brands cannot competE. And second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to "global" as a concept. "Global" does not mean products that are consciously regarded as American, but ones that consumers--especially young people--see as part of a modern, innovative(创新的) world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for example, do not know that Frito-Lay is an American company. Instead, Riskey, the company's research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business. With brand concept a key factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo(标识). The logo, along with the company's long-held marketing image of its chips, would help make the company's global development very easy. The managers admit that they try to change national eating habits to a food created in America, but they don't think that means economic imperialism (霸主). "We're making products in those countries, we're adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives , "said Steve Reinemund, Pepsico's chief manager. Amin's belief is that _________. A.people all over the world enjoy eating their potato chips B.the light golden color increases the attraction of their potato chips C.they must find new ways to promote sales in their country D.potato chips can hardly control the world market What do we learn about Frito-Lay from Paragraph 2? A.It gives half of its profits to its parent company every year. B.It needs to turn to the world market for development. C.Its products used to be popular among overseas consumers. D.Its development has caused fierce competition in the snack market. One of the concepts on which Frito-Lay bases its development strategy is that __________. A.consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brands B.products suiting Chinese consumers' needs bring more profits C.local brands cannot compete successfully with American brands D.products identified as American will have promising market value Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned? A.To suit changing tastes of young consumers. B.To compete with other American chip producers. C.To change the company's long-held marketing imagE. D.To promote the company's strategy of globalization.

GoingshoppingseemseasybutactuallyittakesalotoflearningespeciallyinAmericA.InfactmanyAmericanswhoarenotsowell-offoftenshopatsalesoratspecialstoresthatsellthingsatlowpriceswhichyoumayfindinteresting.InAmericatheimportantruleofdressingisthatoneshouldchangehisorherclotheseveryday.ForexampleinanAmericancollegeneitherprofessorsnorstudentsareseeninthesameclothestwodaysinarow.SoyoumayfinditnecessarytobuymoreclothesthanyouhaveinChinA.WhileyouareshoppingintheStatesyouwilldiscoverthatpricesrangeconsiderablyfromtimetotimE.Thepurchaseofusedsecond-handclothingfurnitureorotherhouseholdarticlesmaybeanexcellentwayofsavingmoney.Mostsecond-handclothesareofprettygoodquality.IfyouaregoingtosettledownintheStatesandwantsomefurnitureyoumaygotoaloanclosetwherefurniturerentsatlowcostoryoumayalsogotoafurnitureexchangeplaceinthecommunity.Sheetsblanketsandotherbedclothesgoonsaleinmostcommunitiestwiceayear.AdvertisementsforwhitesalesonbedlinentowelsetC.oftenappearinJanuaryaswellasinMayJuneorJuly.Onceortwiceeveryseasontherewillbegaragesaleswhereyoucangetalmostanythingfromayachttoapairofshoesatlowprices.PricesatdiscountstoresandthriftshopsarealsoaslowasyoucanimaginE.Whenshoppingforfoodyoushouldlookforspecialpricesforvariousitemsthatareputonsaleweekly.ToeconomizeitwouldbeagoodideaforyoutoplantheweeklymenuaccordingtowhatisonsaleincludinginitthemeatsvegetablesfruitsetC.thatcanbeboughtatspecialpricesthatweek.ExchangeandreturnpoliciesvaryfromstoretostorE.YoushouldalsokeepinmindthatexchangeandreturnpoliciesforsalesitemscanbedifferentfromstandardstorepoliciesespeciallyifthepriceoftheitemshasbeenreduceD.AskthemerchantabouttheirexchangeandreturnpoliciesbeforemakingyourpurchasE.Obtaininganexchangeorareturnwithoutastorereceiptisoftendifficult.Sotosaveyourselftheheadacheyou’dbetterholdontoanypaperorotherproofofpurchasE.51.PeopleshoppinginAmericawilldiscover________.A.AmericangoodsareexcellentB.mostclothescomefromChinaC.pricesvarymuchsometimesD.usedclothesareofpoorquality52.A.personwhoneedsfurniturecan________.A.exchangetheirgoodsforfurnitureB.settleinaplacethathasfurnitureC.getsomefreeofchargeD.rentsomeatlowcost53.Atawhitesaleonecanbuy________.A.almostanythingB.meatsvegetablesfruitsC.bedlinentowelsD.shoesatlowprices54.Garagesalesareheld________.A.onceortwiceeverythreemonthsB.onceortwiceeveryyearC.fromtimetotimeD.inJanuaryMayJuneorJuly55.Whatdoesanypaperorotherproofinthelastparagraphreferto?A.Theexchangeandreturnpolicy.B.A.storereceipt.C.A.salesitem.D.Thestandardstorepolicy.

Lifeonlandprobablybeganabout430millionyearsagothoughithasexistedinthewaterforperhapsasmuchas3000millionyears.Whenwethinkofthefirstthingonlandweprobablythinkofstrangeanimalscomingoutoftheoceansbutinfactnoanimalscouldhavebeenlivingifplantshadnotbeenonlandfirst.PlantshadtobeonlandbeforeanimalsarriveD.Theysuppliedthefirstlandanimalswiththesurroundingandfoodnecessitysincetheytheplantsaretheonlyformoflifethatisabletogetandstoreenergy.Thefirstplantstoexistoutofthewaterwereprobablycertainkindsofalgae海藻whichwerefollowedbyotherplantsthatgrewclosetothegroundandneededwaterinwhichtoreproducE.Oncethemovetolandhadbeenmadehoweverevolution进化tookplacequickly.Bytheendof100millionyearsplantshaddevelopedtheirroots根andsomehadgottree-likeformssinceheightwasveryimportantingainingsunlight.About300millionyearsagomuchoftheworldwascoveredwithforestsofhugetrees.Inmostwaystheywerelikemoderntrees.Theyhadrootsleaveswoodbutmostlytheyhadnotdevelopedseeds.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphis________.A.lifeonlandprobablybegan430yearsagoB.thefirstanimalonlandcamefromoceansC.therewouldn'tbeanimalswithoutplantsD.plantsaretheonlyformoflifethatisabletogetandstoreenergyWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Algaehasexistedformorethan430millionyears.B.ItisimpossiblethatalgaemightbetheearliestplantonlanD.C.Plantsgetfoodfromanimalsintheoceans.D.EvolutionbeganafteranimalsappearedonlanD.Plantswithrootsappearedabout________millionyearsago.A.430B.300C.330D.100Accordingtothepassage________appearedearlierthan________.A.apples;orangesB.oranges;applesC.oranges;rosesD.algae;wheat

HaveyoueverdreamedofvisitingaplanetintheMilkyWay银河系?Whilethetripsoundsexcitingitwouldtakeyearsandyearstoreachyourdestination.SointhefuturebedtimeforastronautsmaybemorethanafewhoursofregularshuteyE.Theywouldhavetosleepforyears.Europeanresearchersarenowconductinghibernationexperiments.Thestudymayhelpthemunderstandwhetherhumanscouldeversleepthroughtheyearsitwouldtakeforaspaceflighttodistantplanets.Iftherewasaneffectivetechnologyitcouldmakedeep-spacetravelarealitysaidMarkAyreoftheEuropeanSpaceAgencylastmonth.Whatseemslikeasciencefictionisnotcompletelyunlikely.Researchershavebeenabletousechemicalstoputlivingcellsintoasleep-likestatewheretheydon’tagE.Theyhavenowmovedontothesmallnon-hibernatingmammals哺乳动物likerats.A.majorchallengeisthefactthatcellscanbeverysimplesystemswhereasbodyorgansarefarmorecomplex复杂的.It’slikemovingfromasimpleApplecomputertoasupercomputersaidMarcoBiggiogeraahibernationresearcheratItaly’sUniversityofPaviA.Justlikebearsandfrogsthehibernationofhumanbeingswouldcauseaperson’smetabolism新陈代谢tolowersotheywouldneedlessenergy.Medicalresearchhoweverisjusthalfofaspaceflighthibernationsystem.Thereisachallengeofdesigningasuitableprotectiveshelter栖身所.SuchashelterwouldprovidetheproperenvironmentforhibernationsuchasthepropertemperaturE.Itwouldalsohavetomonitor监控lifefunctionsandservethephysiologicalneedsofthehibernator.AccordingtoAyrethesix-personHumanOuterPlanetsExplorationMission使命toJupiter’smoon木星的卫星Callistocouldbeanopportunitytousehumanhibernation.Themissionaimstosendsixpersonsonafive-yearflighttoCallistowheretheywillspend30daysin2045.Accordingtothearticlethehibernationresearch______.A.isjustanideaB.isalwaysasciencefictionC.hasalreadyfinishedsuccessfullyD.hasmadesomeprogressInahibernatingstateapersonneeds______.A.lesssleepB.morefoodC.lessenergyD.moremovementThefirsttryofthehibernationtechnology_____thesix-personHumanOuterPlanetsExplorationMissiontoJupiter’smoonCallisto.A.willbeB.hasbeenplannedforC.iscertaintobeD.maybeWhatisthebesttitleofthearticle?A.HibernationStudyForSpaceTravelB.WelcomeToOurSpaceTravelC.ToHibernateToLiveLongerD.WelcomeToTheMilkyWay

ComputersareveryimportanttomodernlifE.ManypeoplethinkthatinthefuturecomputerswillbeusedinlotsofeverydaylifE.Itisthoughtthatwewon’thavetogoshoppingbecausewewillbeabletogetmostthingswhicharesoldinshopsontheInternet.Therewillbenomorebooksbecausewewillbeabletogetalltextsfromcomputers.TheInternetwillbeusedtoplaygamesseefilmsandbuyfooD.Mosttelephonecallswillbemadebycomputerstoo.Somepeoplearegladaboutthosenewwaysofshoppingandcommunicating交流.Othersdonotthinkthatcomputerswillreplace代替ouroldways.Somepeoplethinkthatonedaywewillnotreadbooksmadeofpaper.InsteadwewillbuyandreadbooksusingcomputerswhichwillkeepmanydifferentbooksinthematthesametimE.Wewon’tneedtoturnlotsofpagesandpaperwillbesaveD.Computerized计算机化的bookswillbeusedmoreandmorE.Whilemanypeoplesayitisapleasuretogointoshopsandlookatthingsyouwanttobuy.Itisalsounlikelythatmanypeoplewillwanttoreadlargetextsonourcomputers.Becausepaperbookswillperhapsbemorefriendly.Maybecomputerswon’tchangethesetwohabits.Whichisthemainideaofthispassage?A.PeoplelikegoingshoppingB.ReadingbooksisimportantC.ComputersareimportantD.ComputercanbeusedtoplaygamesTherewillbenomorebooksbecause________.A.ThereisnopaperinthefuturE.B.Peopledon’tlikereadingbooks.C.TheyareveryexpensivE.D.Wecanreadpassagesfromcomputers.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Wecanseefilmsbycomputers.B.Peopleallliketogoshoppingbycomputers.C.Wecan’tbuyanythingusingcomputers.D.Allthepeoplelikereadingbooksfromcomputers.Whichofthefollowingismentioned提到inthepassage?A.Computerscanhelpuse-mailourfriends.B.Wecanchatbyusingcomputers.C.Computerscanhelpusmaketelephonecalls.D.Wecanlistentothemusicbycomputers.

ShishmarefanEskimovillageonanislandoffnorthwesternAlaskaisfallingintotheocean.Giantstormwaveshavesohittheplace—oncewellbufferedbyseaice—thatvillagersvotedin2002toleavetheirancestralhomeforthemainlanD.Theyarebeingcalledoneofthefirstrefugees难民ofglobalwarming.k+s-5#uWetendtodescribeclimatechangeintermsthatareabstract—aonedegreeriseintemperatureanincreaseingreenhousegases—butwhenwaveswashawayavillagethat’sconcreteandveryemotionalsaysIgorKrupnikanexpertattheNationalMuseumofNaturalHistory.Whentheyloseapieceoftheirlandtheyaren’tjustlosingacertainnumberofsquaremiles.Theyarelosingpartoftheirhistoryandtheirmemory.Theyarelosingchildhoodeventsandgrandparents’tales.BeforetemperaturesbegantoriseinShishmarefabout30yearsago20to30milesofhardseaiceprotectedthevillagefrompowerfulfallstorms.Butthenativessaytheicedoesn’tfreezeassolidlyorassoonasitusedtoandnowstretchesonlysixorsevenmilesleavingthecommunityof600peoplemoreexposeD.Stormshaveswepthousesintotheocean.Thevillagers’planistomovetoTinCreekasiteontheAlaskamainland12milesawayandtheyhavereceived$180millionfromthegovernment.Residentshopethatintheirnewcommunitythey’llbeabletomaintaintheirclosetiescontinuehuntinganimalsandkeepfishingmuchastheirancestorshavedoneforcenturies.Peopleareaskingwhythegovernmentshouldbespendingsomuchmoneyonsofewpeoplesaidagovernmentofficial.ButpeopleinAlaskaarelikeeveryoneelsE.WewanttohelpkeeptheirculturealivE.Theunderlinedwordbufferedprobablymeans______.k+s-5#uA.protectedB.destroyedC.preventedD.damagedFromthepassagewhatdoweknowabouttheseaicearoundthevillageinthepast?A.Itwasverythinandeasilybroken.B.Itwasverythickandsmooth.C.Itfrozenmoresolidlyandsooner.D.Itfrozenmoreslowlyandsolidly.Accordingtothepassage_____causedthevillagetobeindangerofdisappearing.A.waterpollutionB.globalwarmingC.airpollutionD.human’sactionsWhat’sthevillagers’mainpurposetorebuildthecommunity?A.TolivemorehappilyB.ToearnmoneyC.ToavoidbeingwashedawayD.Tokeeptheirculturealive

JapanesenovelistHarukiMurakamiistoofferadvicetotroubledreadersinanagonyunclecolumnonhiswebsitehispublishersaidTuesday.ThewebsitenamedMurakami-sannotokoroorMr.Murakami’splacewillseekproblemsfromfansofthesurrealistwhosenovelsarepublishedindozensoflanguagesaroundtheworlD.Thepublicity-shywriterwillpenanswerstoqueriesofferinghisopinionsandadviceonhowtodealwithdifficultiessaidShinchoshaPublishing.Hewillreceivequestionsofanykindacompanyspokesmansaidaddingthathewillanswerquerieswritteninavarietyoflanguages.Murakamiwillalsoanswerfans’questionsonhislikesanddislikes-includingcatsafavoriteanimalofhisandtheYakultSwallowstheJapanesebaseballteamhesupports.ProblemsandquerieswillbeaccepteduntiltheendofJanuaryandMurakami’sanswerswillbepublishedoverthefollowingtwomonths.TheactivityoffersararechanceforMurakami’sfanstocommunicatedirectlywithawriterwhospendsmuchofhistimehidingfromtheglareofthemediA.AftersolongIwanttoexchangeemailswithreadersMurakamiwasquotedbythepublisherassaying.MurakamiisoneofJapan’sbestknownwritersandhasrepeatedlybeentippedasafutureNobelLiteraturewinner.The65-year-oldwhoreportedlyspendsmuchofhistimeintheUnitedStateshasacultfollowingforhisintricately-craftedtalesoftheabsurdityandlonelinessofmodernlifeandpeppershisworkwithreferencestopopculturE.Thewebsite’sURLoremailaddressforquestionsisnotyetavailablethepublisher’sspokesmansaiD.21.whichstatementisrightaboutMurakami?A.HehasansweredsomequestionsfromhisfansonthewebsiteB.HeisactiveindealingwiththemediaC.HeisafavoriteNobelprizenominee提名人D.Hewritesalotofromanticmodernlifenovels22.HowwillMurakamianswerthequestionsA.HewillwriteletterstohisreadersallthetimeB.HewillmeethisfansfacetofaceC.HewillwritemorenewbookstoanswerthequestionsD.Hewillwritee-mailsoranswerhisfansinhiswebsite23.WhenwillMurakamipublishtheanswersA.NowB.FebruaryandMarchC.JanuaryandFebruaryD.MarchandApril

Sometimesthesimplestideasarethebest.Forexampletoabsorbheatfromthesuntoheatwateryouneedlargeflatblacksurfaces.Onewaytodothatistobuildthosesurfacesspeciallyontheroofsofbuildings.Butwhygotoallthattroublewhencitiesarefullofblacksurfacesalreadyintheformofasphalt柏油roads?TenyearsagothisthoughtcameintothemindofAriandeBondtaDutchengineer.Hefinallypersuadedhisbosstofollowitup.TheresultisthattheirbuildingisnowheatedinwinterandcooledinsummerbyasystemthatreliesonthesurfaceoftheroadoutsidE.Theheat-collectorisasystemofconnectedwaterpipes.MostofthemranfromonesideofthestreettotheotherjustundertheasphaltroaD.SomehoweverdivedeepintothegrounD.Whenthestreetsurfacegetshotinsummerwaterpumpedthroughthepipespicksupthisheatandtakesitundergroundthroughoneofthedivingpipes.Atadepthof100metresliesanaturalaquifer蓄水层intowhichseveralheatexchangers交换器havebeenbuilt.Thehotwaterfromthestreetrunsthroughtheseexchangerswarningtheground-waterbeforereturningtothesurfacethroughanotherpipE.TheaquiferisthususedasaheatstorE.Inwintertheworkingsystemischangedslightly.Waterispumpedthroughtheheatexchangerstopickuptheheatstoredduringsummer.Thiswatergoesintothebuildingandisusedtowarmtheplaceup.AfterperformingthattaskitispumpedundertheasphaltanditsremainingheatkeepstheroadfreeofsnowandicE.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?A.AriandeBondtgothisideafromhisboss.B.Largeflatblacksurfacesneedtobebuiltincities.C.TheDutchengineer’ssystemhasbeenwidelyuseD.D.Heatcanalsobecollectedfromasphaltroads.Forwhatpurposearethedivingpipesused?A.Toabsorbheatfromthesun.B.TostoreheatforfutureusE.C.Toturnsolarenergyintoheatenergy.D.TocarryheatdownbelowthesurfacE.Fromthelastparagraphwecanlearnthat__A.somepipeshavetobere-arrangedinwinterB.thesystemcandomorethanwarmingupthebuildingC.theexchangerswillpickupheatfromthestreetsurfaceD.lessheatmaybecollectedinwinterthaninsummerWhatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Whatweshalldoifthesystemgoeswrong.B.Whatweshalldoiftherearenoasphaltroads.C.Howthesystemcoolsthebuildinginsummer.D.Howthesystemcollectsheatinspringandautumn

A.sunflowerisasunflower.A.mobilephoneisamobilephonE.Butcanyoucombinethetwotodosomethingforyourlocalenvironment?AsearlyasnextyearitmaywellbepossiblE.Whenyouhavefinishedwithyourmobilephoneyouwillbeabletoburyitinthegardenoraplantpotandwaitforittoflower.A.biodegradable生物可降解的mobilephonewasthismonthintroducedbyscientists.ItishopedthatthenewtypeofphonewillencourageconsumerstorecyclE.Scientistshavecomeupwithanewmaterialoverthelastfiveyears.Itlookslikeanyotherplasticbutovertimeitcanbreakdownintothesoilwithoutgivingoutanypoisonouschemicals.BritishresearchersusedthenewmaterialtodevelopaphonecoverthatcontainsasunflowerseeD.Whenthiscoverturnsintowasteitformsnitrates硝酸盐.Thesefeedtheseedandhelptheflowergrow.We’veonlyputsunflowerseedsintothecoversofar.Butweareworkingwithplantexpertstofindoutwhichflowerswouldperformbest.MaybewecouldputrosesinnexttimE.saidonescientist.Asphonetechnologyisdevelopingsoquicklypeopleareconstantlythrowingtheirmobilesaway.Thismeansproducersareunderpressuretofindwaysofrecyclingthem.Some650millionmobilephoneshavebeensoldthisyear.Mostofthemwillbethrownawaywithintwoyearsaddingplasticheavymetalandchemicalwastetotheenvironment.A.biodegradablecovercanoffersomerelieffornatureaccordingtothescientists.Theseedisreleasedandtheflowergrowsinthepotsoyoudon’thavetoconcernyourselfwiththephonewhenyouhavefinishedusingitsaidKerryKirwantheleaderoftheresearchteam.Afteryouhavefinishedusingthenewtypeofmobilephone_______.A.thesunflowerseedwillcomeoutandflowerinthepotB.thephonecoverwillbreakdownverysooninthesoilC.itwillberecycledbytheproducersD.itcanchargeitselfwithelectricityinagreenwayThistypeofresearchisdonebecause________.A.thetechnologyofmakingphonesischangingrapidlyB.toomanywastemobilephonesmayleadtoenvironmentalproblemsC.nobodyhaseverthoughtofrecyclingmobilephonesD.producingmobilephonesusesalotofenergyWecaninferfromthestory________.A.thenewtypeofmobilephonesarealreadyonthemarketB.thenewtypeofmobilephoneswillsellextremelywellC.thematerialofthenewtypeofphonesisharmfulD.otherflowersmaybeusedinthenewtypeofmobilephonesThebesttitleofthispassageis.A.RecyclingourphonesB.ThephonesthatflowerC.A.newmaterialformakingphonesD.Theharmofthrown-awayphones

Therehasbeenatechnologicalrevolutionwherekindlese-booksandvariousonlinereadingappshavetakenovertheworlD.Isreadingaprintbookoutofdate?Wellnotexactly.Therearesomanywonderfulfactorsinvolvedwithreadingaprintcopyofthebook.IremembertheexcitementofgoingtothebookstorewithmymomwhenIwasinelementaryschool.ThefeelofsittingdowninthebookstoreandselectingthebooksIwantedtoreadwasjustsomuchfun!Ithinkthatreadingpaperbackbookshasitsowncharmandexcitementthatcannotbereplacedbyanelectronicbook.HoldingthephysicalcopyofthebookinmyhandsandturningovereachpagemakesthereadingexperiencesomuchmorerealandmemorablE.Admittedlye-booksseemtobemoreconvenientthanprintbooksPurchasingane-bookcantakeplaceinsecondsandthesebooksareoftenpricedlessexpensivelythanprintcopybooks.Withe-bookstherelikelyisn’tgoingtobeastorageproblemunlessthedevicehasalimitonhowmanybookscanbepurchaseD.Thenagaininordertoreade-booksonemusthaveaparticulardevice-tabletiPadkindleorlaptoptoreaditon.Thusanadditionalpaymenthastobemadeinordertoreade-bookswhereasreadingprintcopiesdoesnotinvolveanyextradevicE.Printbooksneveractuallystoppedleadingthechargeconsideringthate-booksaleshavenevermadeupmorethanathirdofallbooksales.Andalthoughtheyrosetothatnumberextremelyquickly--Amazononlyintroducedthekindlein2007-themajorityofallbookssoldhasalwaysbeenprint.Therealityisthatthereisabsolutelynoreasonprintande-bookscan’tcoexistinthebookmarketbutprintbooksmaycarrytheday.33.Whatadvantagedoe-bookshaveaccordingtothepassage?A.ThereadingexperienceismorerealB.ThereisnostorageproblematallC.PurchasingthemtakeslesstimeD.Theyareverypriceless34.Whatcanweinferaboutthebookmarket?A.E-booksalesmakeupmorethan1/3ofallbooksalesB.E-booksaleshaveneversurpassedprintbooksalesC.AmazonoccupiesmostofthemarketD.Printbooksande-bookscan’tcoexist35.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureofprintbooks?A.WorriedB.OptimisticC.IndifferentD.Doubtful

第三部分阅读理解共15小题每小题2分满分30分阅读下列短文从每题所给的四个选项A.B.C和D中选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑A.PeoplewithlesseducationsufferfewerstressfuldaysaccordingtoareportinthecurrentissueoftheJournalofHealthandSocialBehavior.Howeverthestudyalsofoundthatwhenless-educatedpeopledidsufferstressitwasmoresevereandhadastrongereffectontheirhealth.Fromthisresearchershaveconcludedthattheday-to-dayfactorsthatcausestressareregular.Whereyouareinsocietydeterminesthekindsofproblemsthatyouhaveeachdayandhowwellyouwillcopewiththem.Theresearchteaminterviewedanationalsampleof1031adultsdailyforeightdaysabouttheirstresslevelandhealth.Peoplewithoutahighschooldiplomareportedstresson30percentofthestudydayspeoplewithahighschooldegreereportedstress38percentofthetimeandpeoplewithcollegedegreesreportedstress44percentofthetimE.Lessadvantagedpeoplearelesshealthyonadailybasisandaremorelikelytohavedownwardturnsintheirhealth.leadingresearcherDr.JosephGrzywaczofWakeForestUniversityBaptistMedicalCentersaidinapreparedstatement.Thedownwardturnsinhealthwereconnectedwithdailystressors紧张刺激物andtheeffectofdailystressorsontheirhealthismuchmoredamagingforthelessadvantageD.Ifsomethinghappenseverydaymaybeit’snotseenasastressor.Grzywaczsays.MaybeitisjustlifE.56.Stressleveliscloselyrelatedto.A.familysizeB.socialpositionC.bodyweightD.workexperience57.Whichgroupreportedthebiggestnumberofstressfuldays?A.Peoplewithoutanyeducation.B.Peoplewithouthighschooldegrees.C.Peoplewithhighschooldegrees.D.Peoplewithcollegedegrees.58.Thelessadvantagedpeoplearethegreater.A.theeffectofstressontheirhealthisB.theeffectofeducationontheirhealthisC.theleveloftheireducationisD.thedegreeoftheirhealthconcernis59.Less-educatedpeoplereportfewerdaysofstresspossiblybecause.A.theydon’twanttotelltruthB.theydon’twanttofacethetruthC.stressistoocommonafactorintheirlifeD.heirstressismuchgreater

Researchesshowwhatwealreadysuspected:ThreeoutoffourbabieswhodiedofSIDS婴儿猝死involvedco-sleeping.We’llsayitagain.Thesafestcourseisnottosleepwithbabies.Weknowtheargument:Badparentingnotco-sleepingistoblameforthedozensofbabies’deaths.Someparentssticktoco-sleepingbecauseithelpsthembondwiththeirnewborns.Theysaythosewhogiveco-sleepingabadnameeitherhadbeendrinkinguseddrugsorweretootiredtonoticethattheyrolledoverontheirchildren.Butmostofthecasesdidnotinvolvedrugsoralcohol.There’sabutherehowever.Submittingtoatestfordrugsoralcoholinthesecasesisvoluntarysoit’sdifficulttoknowwithcertainty.OrganizationsliketheBlackHealthCoalitionandothershaveexplainedthesafewaytoco-sleep.Whileweunderstandthoseargumentswealsoknowthatmistakescanhappenandthatitonlytakesonetimeforsomethingtogoterriblywrong.Theriskoutweighsthebenefit.Inalllikelihoodparentswillcontinuetoco-sleepandsomewilldosowithouteverhavinganincidentbutbabiesaretoovulnerable易受伤的forparentstotakesuchchances.Thereforethebestplaceforbabiestosleepisintheirownbedsontheirbackswithnopillowsblanketsortoys.Noparentwantsatragedy悲剧tooccur.Thebestwaytomakesurethetragedydoesn’thappenistoallowbabiestosleepaloneintheirowncribs摇篮.AccordingtotheauthormostoftheSIDScaseshappenedbecauseof________.A.drugsB.co-sleepingC.drinkingD.badparentingSomeparentsthinksleepingwiththeirbabiescan________.A.keepthebabieshealthyB.giveco-sleepingagoodnameC.preventthemselvesfromdrinkingD.developagoodrelationwiththeirbabiesTheauthorholdstheopinionthat________.A.parentscansleepwithbabiesbutcautiouslyB.co-sleephelpstobringbabiesclosertoparentsC.parentscan’ttakechancestosleepwiththeirbabiesD.accidentsonlyhappentothosecarelessparentsWhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthestructureofthetext?A.①B.①②C.①D.①↙↘↓↙↓↘↙↓↓↘②③④③④②③④②③④⑤↘↙↓↘↓↙⑤⑤⑤

Therearerobotsallaroundus.Somedoverycomplicatedjobslikeflyingairplanesanddrivingsubwaytrains.andsomedoonesimplejoB.Whenanautomaticwashingmachineisswitchedonwaterpoursin.Themachinewaitsuntilthewateriswarmenoughforwashingclothes.Itdoesthisbyfeedback反馈.Informationaboutwhatishappeningisfeedbackintotherobottotellwhattodonext.Oureyesearsandothersensesareourfeedback.Theytelluswhatisgoingonaroundus.Sorobotsarelikehumanbeingsintwoways.Theyworkandtheyhavefeedback.Insomewaysrobotsarebetterthanhumanbeings.Theyworkquicklyanddonotmakemistakes.Theydonotgetboreddoingthesamejoboverandoveragain.AndtheynevergettireD.Sorobotsareveryusefulinfactories.Theycanbetaughttodomanydifferentjobs.FirsttheirelectronicbrainmustbeshownhowthejobisdonE.A.personmovestherobot’sarmsandhandsthrougheachpartofthejoB.ThemostintelligentrobotscanmoveandseE.Theireyesarecameras.Theirfingerscanfeelshapesandsizesoftheobjects.Theserobotshavecomputerbrainslinkedtotheireyesandfingerswhichcontroltheiractions.Theexpensiverobotsareusedinscientificresearch.Theydosuchjobashandlingradioactivematerials.Inthispassagetheauthortellsusthat________.A.robotsareverypopularB.therearevariouskindsofrobotsC.weseerobotsonlyatcertaintimesD.robotscanbeeasilycontrolledWhatdoestheauthorseemtoinformyouaboutrobots?A.TheyshouldbegreatlyimproveD.B.TheywillprobablytakeoverinthefuturE.C.Theyareveryhelpfulandusefultohumans.D.Theyaremachinesthatbreakdownalot.Theauthorsaysthatinindustry________.A.robotsbreakdownalotB.robotscandomanyjobsC.robotsonlygetinthewayD.robotssometimescausetroublesThefactthatarobotnevergetsboreddoingthesamejobmeansthat_______.A.itisverymuchlikehumanbeingsB.itcandoboringjobsforpeopleC.itwillneverborepeopleD.itwillworkmuchbetterthanhumanbeingsTherobotsusedforscientificresearch_______.A.arenotverycleverB.areverycheapC.areverybigD.areverycostly

Whydidhumansevolvetowalkupright?Perhapsbecauseit’sjustplaineasier.Makethatenergeticallylesscostlyscientificallyspeaking.Bipedalism—walkingontwofeetisoneofthedefiningcharacteristicsofbeinghumansandscientistshavedebatedforyearshowitcameabout.Inthelatestattempttofindanexplanationresearcherstrainedfivechimps黑猩猩towalkonatreadmill跑步机whilewearingmasksthatallowedmeasurementoftheiroxygenconsumption.Thechimpsweremeasuredbothwhilewalkinguprightandwhilemovingontheirlegsandknuckles膝关节.Thatmeasurementoftheenergyneededtomovearoundwascomparedwithsimilartestsonhumansandtheresultsarepublishedinthisweek’sonlineeditionofProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Itturnsoutthathumanswalkingontwolegsuseonlyone-quarteroftheenergythatchimpsusewhileknucklewalkingonfourlimbs肢.Andthechimpsonaverageuseasmuchenergyusingtwolegsastheydidwhentheyusedallfourlimbs.Howeverthereweredifferencesamongchimpsinhowmuchenergytheyusedandthisdifferencecorrespondedtotheirdifferentmannerofwalkingandanatomy解剖构造.OneofthechimpsusedlessenergyontwolegsoneusedaboutthesameandtheothersusedmoresaidDavidRaichlenassistantprofessorofanthropologyattheUniversityofArizonA.Whatweweresurprisedatwasthevariation变异hesaidinatelephoneinterview.Interview.Thatwasprettyexcitingbecausewhenyoutalkabouthowevolutionworksvariationisthebottomlinewithoutvariationthereisnoevolution.WalkingontwolegsfreedourarmsopeningthedoortodrivetheworldsaidRaichlen.Wethinkabouttheevolutionofbipedalismasoneoffirsteventsthatledhominids原始人downthepathtobeinghumans.TheresearchwassupportedbytheNationalScienceFoundationandtheL.S.B.LeakeyFoundation.TheunderlinedwordBipedalisminParagraph2probablymeans____.A.movingsidewaysB.walkinguprightC.walkingonfourlegsD.runningfastWecaninferfromthepassagethat____.A.scientistshavenoideaonhowhumans’walkingontwolegscameaboutB.scientistshavehaddifferentviewsonwhychimpswalkonfourlegsC.scientistshavehaddifferentviewsonhowhumans’walkingontwolegsvameaboutD.scientistshavehadsimilarviewsonhowhumans’walkingontwolegscameaboutWhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Howchimpssavedenergy.B.Whychimpsdidn'twalkontwolegs.C.DavidRaichlenstudiedchimps.D.Differentchimpsconsumeddifferentenergy.Accordingtothepassagehumanswalkuprightinorderto____.A.conserveenergyB.differfromotheranimalsC.freetheirbrainsD.strengthentheirlegs

WordoftheDayWritingCompetitionDaysaregettingcolderandeveryoneisslowlybackingtothewarmcomfortoftheirhomes.It’sthebestopportunitytomakegooduseofthequietnessandpeaceoftheseasonbytakingpenandpaperoracomputerouttowritE.OxfordWordsofOxfordUniversityPressOUPiscallingallaspiring有抱负的authorsouttheretotakepartinourwritingcompetition.Whatwe’relookingforareimaginative富有想象力的shortstories—notmorethan500words---thatincludeeveryWordoftheDayWOTDfromNovember.EachentrywillbecarefullyconsideredbytheOxfordWordsteambeforedecidingonawinner.Thebeststorytellerwillbegivenayear’sfeetoOxfordDictionaries.comaswellas￡50worthofOUPbooksandhavehisorherpiecepublishedonthatwebsitE.Beforeyougetstartedpleasemakesureyou’rereadourtermsandconditions.Entriescanbesubmitted递交throughtheentryformorpostedintothecommentsection.Closingdateforthecompetitionis5thJanuary2015.AndfinallyforinspirationhavealookatthecharmingshortstorythatgivesustheideaforthiscompetitionwrittenbyafellowOxfordDictionariesteammemberandincludingallthirtyoneWordsoftheDayfromOctober.FindoutmoreaboutourWordoftheDayserviceandsignuptoreceivethewordsviaemailoronFacebookGoogleandTwitter.1.Whattypeofwritingisthistest?A.AnexhibitionguidE.B.Anartshowreview.C.Anannouncement.D.Anofficialreport.2.Thestoriesforthecompetitionmust______.A.beaboutOxfordWordsB.havemorethan500wordsC.containallthewordsofWOTDD.behandedinbefore5thJanuary20153.Thewinnerofthecompetitioncan______________.A.readallthebooksofOUPfreeofchargeB.useOxfordDictionaries.comforfreeforayearC.beallowedtobeontheOxfordWordsteamD.publishallofhisorherworksonOxfordDictionaries.com

PerhapsthemostfamoustheorythestudyofbodymovementwassuggestedbyProfessorRayBirdwhistell.HebelievesthatphysicalappearanceisoftenculturallyprogrammeD.Inotherwordswelearnourlooks—wearenotbornwiththem.A.babyhasgenerallyinformedfacefeatures.A.babyaccordingtoBirdwhistelllearnswheretosettheeyebrowsbylookingatthosearound-familyandfriends.ThishelpsexplainwhythepeopleofsomeareasoftheUnitedStateslooksomuchalikenewEnglandersorSouthernershavecertaincommonfacefeaturesthatcannotbeexplainedbygenetics遗传学.Theexactshapeofthemouthisnotsetatbirthitislearnedafter.Infactthefinalmouthshapeisnotformeduntilwellafternewteethareset.Formanythiscanbewellintogrown-ups.A.husbandandwifetogetherforalongtimeoftencometolookalikE.Welearnourlooksfromthosearoundus.Thisisperhapswhyinasinglecountryareawherepeoplesmilemorethanthoseinotherareas.IntheUnitedStatesforexampletheSouthisthepartofthecountrywherethepeoplesmilemostfrequently.InNewEnglandtheysmilelessandinthewesternpartofNewYorkStatestillless.ManysouthernersfindcitiessuchasNewYorkcoldandunfriendlypartlybecausepeopleonMadisonAvenuesmilelessthanpeopleonPeachtreeStreetinAtlantA.GeorgiA.PeopleinAtlantaGeorgiA.Peopleinlargelypopulatedareasalsosmileandgreeteachotherinpubliclessthanpeopleinsmalltownsdo.RayBirdwhistellbelievesthatphysicalappearance____.

TheCanadianredandwhitemapleleaf枫叶flagisofficiallycalledtheNationalFlagofCanadA.TheCanadianflagshowsastylizedredmapleleafwith11pointsonawhitebackgroundwithredbordersdowneachsidE.TheCanadianflagistwiceaslongasitiswidE.Thewhitesquarecontainingtheredmapleleafisthesamewidthastheflag.TheredandthewhiteusedintheNationalFlagofCanadawereproclaimedtheofficialcolorsofCanadain1921byKingGeorgeⅤ.AlthoughthemapleleafdidnothaveitsofficialstatusasasymbolofCanadauntiltheannouncementofthenationalflagin1965ithadhistoricallybeenusedasaCanadiansymbolandwasusedin1860indecorationsforthevisitofthePrinceofWalestoCanadA.The11pointsonthemapleleafhavenospecialsignificancE.IntheearlydaystheRoyalUnionFlagortheUnionJackwasstillflowninBritishNorthAmericA.In1925andagainin1946theCanadianPrimeMinisterMackenzieKingtriedtogetanationalflagofCanadaadoptedbutfaileD.In1964PrimeMinisterLesterPearsonappointeda15­memberall­partycommitteetocomeupwithadesignforanewflag.Thecommitteewasgivensixweekstocompleteitstask.Thecommitteestudied2000submitted提交的designsaswellas3900thathadbeengatheredasaresultofthe1946committee'sstudy.Thosedesignswithachanceofbeingacceptedweregiventothefullcommitteeforfurtherstudy.ThesuggestionofaredandwhitesinglemapleleafdesignfortheCanadianflagcamefromGeorgeStanleyaprofessorattheRoyalMilitaryCollegE.Afteraheateddiscussiontheyfinallydecidedonhissuggestion.29.HowmanycolorsarethereintheNationalFlagofCanada?A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four30.WhendidCanadahaveitsownnationalflag?A.In1921.B.In1860.C.In1964.D.In1965.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtheyinthelastparagraphreferto?A.Theofficialsofthegovernment.B.TheprofessorsfromtheRoyalMilitaryCollegE.C.Themembersofthe1946committeE.D.Themembersofthe1964committeE.32.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.thedesigneroftheNationalFlagofCanadaB.thehistoryoftheNationalFlagofCanadaC.themeaningoftheNationalFlagofCanadaD.whytheredandwhitesinglemapleleafwaschosenasthedesignfortheNationalFlagofCanada

TheInternetandtheWorldWeb网aregreatplacestoberightnow.Weusethewordplacebecausesomanyofthethingsyoucandoonlinearesimilartothethingsyoucandowhereverpeoplegathertogether－inhomesschoolslibrariesshoppingcentersoratfamilyreunions团聚ortownmeetings.Theallowspeopletolearnshopfindimportantinformationandcommunicatewhetherthey'relocalglobalorsimplyvirtual虚的.TheWebisuseful.YoucanfindoldfriendsonlinE.Youcanresearchandbookflightschecktheweatherfindbreakingnewsfindoutinformationaboutschoolsandcolleges.YoucanevenplaceanorderforbooksCDscomputersandcars.TheInternetisalsofun.Youcanwritetooldfriendsorcheckouttheirwebpagesenjoyweb-basedsoapoperaslaughatonlinejokesjoininaliveEventchatwithotherInternetsurfers漫游者checktoseeifyournameappearsanywhereontheWeb.Millionsofuserslogontotheeverydayandit'snotjusttodoresearch.There'salotoffuntherE.That'sonereasonwhyit'scalledwebsurfing.OfcoursethefirststeptousingtheWebforbusinessorforfunislearninghowtoworkawebbrowser浏览器.Ifyou'renewtocomputersitmaytakeawhilebeforeyouarecompletelycomfortablewithyourbrowser.Don'tworry.Youdon'thavetobeacomputerwhiz专家.Thebasicsofawebbrowserareverymuchlikethebasicsofmodemcomputers—learninghowtopointandclickthemouselearninghowtoscroll滚动upanddownapageoftextandlearninghowtousepull-downmenus.Againbepatient.There'snotimelimitonwebsurfing.Giveyourselfachancetoexplore探索thebrowseritselfwhileyouexploretheWeB.13.ThewritercomparestheWebto______.A.placestovisitB.placestogathertogetherinC.someeasyjobD.thingsyoucandoonline14.WecanlearnfromthetextthattheWebisnotonly______butalsoA.ofgreatuse;ofgreatvalueB.ofgreatuse;ofgreatenjoymentC.useful;funnyD.ofsomeuse;ofalittleinterest15.TousetheWeballwehavetodoistolearnhowto_______.A.usethecomputermouseB.scrollupanddownapageoftextC.usepull-downmenusD.alltheabove

Thousandsofdeadred-wingedblackbirdsfellfromtheskyinanArkansastownonNewYear’sEveaftermassiveinjuriestestsbyArkansasofficialsconcludedonMonday.Some5000birdsmysteriouslyfellfromtheskyinBeebeArkansasafterdarkonNewYear’sEvE.Thebirdssufferedfromacutephysicalinjuriesleadingtointernalhemorrhage大量出血anddeath.TherewasnosignofinfectiousdiseasetheArkansasGameandFishCommissionsaidinastatement.ThebirdswereotherwisehealthyitsaiD.OnetheoryisthatbirdswerefrightenedbyNewYear'sfireworksandflewintobuildingsorotherobjects.Loudnoiseswerereportedshortlybeforethebirdsbegantofallfromtheskythestatementsaidaddingthatblackbirdshavepoornightvisionandseldomflyatnight.AnothertheorywasthatsevereweathersuchaslightningaccountedfortheloudnoisesbutthiswasdiscountedbecausetheviolentweatherhadalreadylefttheareA.We’releaningmoretowardastresseventsaidArkansasGameandFishCommissionspokesmanKeithStephens.Thecommissionalsoistryingtodeterminewhatcausedthedeathsofupto100000fishovera20-milestretchoftheArkansasRivernearadaminOzark125mileswestofBeebE.ThefishwerediscoveredonDecember30.Stephenssaidthecommissionexpectedresultsonthefishtestsinprobablyamonth.Sincealmostallthefishwereonespecies--bottom-feedingdrumStephenssaidthetestwasveryimportant.Stephensalsosaid:TheeventsdonotappearrelateD.Boththatsectionoftheriverandtheairatthesiteofthebirddeathsweretestedfortoxins毒素.Beebeisatownofabout4500peoplelocated30milesnortheastofthestatecapital.WhatisNOTtheprobablereasonwhythedeadred-wingedblackbirdsfellfromthesky?A.InternalhemorrhageB.FireworksC.LightningweatherD.MurderInthethirdparagraphtheunderlinedworddiscountedprobablymean________.A.nottoreducecostB.nottobelieveC.tomakeupapartD.toexplainmysteryAccordingtoStephenswecaninfertheprobablecauseofthedeadfishis_________.A.coldweatherB.poormanagementC.diseaseD.lackoffoodThepassageismainlydevelopedby__________.A.analyzingcausesB.makingcomparisonsC.examiningdifferencesD.followingthetimeorder

BTheworldisnotcomingtoanendonDecember212012theUSspaceagencyinsistedMondayinararecampaigntodispelwidespreadrumorsfueledbytheInternetandanewHollywoodmoviE.ThelatestbigscreenofferingfromSonyPicture2012arrivesintheatersonFridaywitha200-million-dollarproductionabouttheendoftheworldsupposedlybasedonmythsbackedbytheMayancalendar.ItisclaimedthattheendoftimewillcomeasaPlanetX---orNibiru---headstowardorcollideswiththeEarth.SomewebsitesaccuseNASAofhidingthetruthontheplanet’sexistencebuttheUSspaceagencycondemnedsuchstoriesasanInternethoax.ThereisnofactualbasisfortheseclaimsNASAsaidinaquestion-and-anwserpostingonthiswebsitE.IfsuchacollisionwererealastronomerswouldhavebeentrackingitforatleastthepastdecadeanditwouldbevisiblebynowtothenakedeyE.Obviouslyitdoesnotexist.Crediblescientistsworldwideknowofnothreatassociatedwith2012itinsisteD.AfterallourplanethasbeengettingalongjustwellformorethanfourbillionyearsaddedNASA.ThereisanotherplanetErisfloatinginspacE.ButthesmallplanetsimilartoPlutowillremainsafelyfixedintheoutersolarsystemanditcancomenocloserthanfourbillionmilestotheEarthaccordingtoNASA.EarliertheoriessetthedisasterforMay2003butwhennothinghappenedthedatewasmovedforwardtothewinterin2012tocoincidewiththeendofacycleoftheancientMayancalendar.NASAinsistedtheMayancalendarinfactdoesnotendonDecember212012asanotherperiodbeginsimmediatelyafterwarD.AndeveniftheplanetsweretolineupassomehaveforecasttheeffectonourplanetwouldbenegligibleunimportantNASAsaiD.Andwhilecometsandasteroids小行星havealwayshittheEarthbighitsareveryrareNASAnoteD.Thelastmajorimpactwasbelievedtobe65millionyearsagoresultingintheendofdinosaurs.WehavealreadydeterminedthattherearenothreateningasteroidsaslargeastheonethatkilledthedinosaursthespaceagencysaiD.49.______playedakeyroleinthespreadoftherumors.A.AnewbookB.TheInternetandanewHollywoodmovieC.NASAD.AnIndiancalendar50.Wecaninferthat______.A.peopledidn’ttaketherumorseriouslyB.PlanetX---orNibirudoesexistC.astronomershavebeentrackingPlanetXforovertenyearsD.therumorcausedapanicamongsomepeople51.NASAthinksthatEris______.A.mighthaveathreattotheEarthB.doesn’thaveanythreattotheEarthC.istoofarawaytobevisibleD.issimilartoourplanetwherelifemightexist52.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?A.NewHollywoodmovie2012B.December212012NottheendoftheworldC.EndoftheancientMayancalendarD.Howrumorscameintobeing

Thereisadefinitepossibilitythattheclimateoftheworldmaybechanging.SomescientistsimaginethatthiscouldevenmeanthebeginningofanothericeagE.Theeffectsofsuchachangeinclimateonthehumanpopulationoftheworldwouldbestartling惊人的.RecentresearchsuggeststhatthegeneralwarmingtrendofthepasthundredyearsorsomaybecomingtoanenD.DuringthepasttenyearsmeteorologiststellustheaveragetemperatureoftheEarthhasdroppedaboutonedegreeFahrenheit.ThisdoesnotseemlikemuchbutitcouldhaveeffectsonwindandrainpatternswhichinfluencetheoverallweatherpicturE.Ifthesepatternschangealotitcouldmeanthatcertainregionsoftheworldmaycontinuetohavelongdroughtswhileotherswillpossiblysufferfromwidespreadflooding.Whatregulates调节theclimateisnotexactlyknown.MeteorologistsbelievethatcloudsmaybeanimportantfactorinregulatingtheamountofsolarheatheldbytheEarthwhichinturndeterminesthetemperatureoftheplanet.Anotherpossibilityisthatman’sindustrialandagriculturalmethodsmaybeaffectingthenaturalweatherpatterns.Howevertheweatherisnotunderstoodwellenoughforscientiststosayforcertainwhatishappeningtotheclimateandwhatsideeffectsthiswillactuallyhaveontheworld’spopulation.Accordingtothepassagetheclimateoftheworldseemsto.A.begettingcolderB.begettingwarmerC.remainthesameinthepasttenyearsD.havegoodeffectsontheworld’spopulationWhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Man’sactivitieshavenoeffectontheclimatE.B.Anothericeagewillcomesoon.C.Peopledon’tcareaboutthechangingclimatE.D.ScientistsarenotyetsureaboutthereasonforthechangingclimatE.A.meteorologistisapersonwho.readsweatherforecastsonradioortelevisionB.thinkstherewillbeanothericeageC.studiesandknowsabouttheweatherD.believestherewillbewidespreadfloodingWhichofthefollowingmaybethefactorsthataffectsthenaturalweatherpatterns?A.Clouds.B.TheamountofheattheEarthreceives.C.Man’sindustrialandagriculturalmethods.D.AlloftheabovE.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe.A.DroughtsandFloods.B.MeteorologistsC.TheChangingClimateD.SolarHeat

Buildingafterbuildingunderwater.Refugeesinshelters.Thousandsofothersunsurewheretogo.Bodiesinstreets.ThisiswhatoneofAmerica'shistoriccitieswasreducedtothisweekbyapowerfulstormKatrina卡特里娜.ThemayorofNewOrleanssaysthousandsmaybedeaD.HurricaneKatrinaalsocauseddeathanddestructioninpartsofMississippiandAlabamaalongtheGulfofMexico.NewOrleansisfamousforitswildMardiGrascelebrations.NewOrleansisalsoamajorportforforeignoilandothershippingtradE.Yetthecityofnearlyfivehundredthousandpeoplewasbuiltbelowsealevel.NewOrleanshasdependedonleveestocontrolfloodsfromtheMississippiRiver.KatrinastruckonMonday.NewOrleansavoidedadirecthit.Buttwooftheleveesfailedthenextday.MostofthecitywasfloodeD.Helicoptersdroppedhugesandbagstofillthebreaks.Butthewaterhadnoplacetogo.Pumpingstationshadnopower.Americafacesoneoftheworstnaturaleventsinitshistory.PresidentBushsaystherecoverywilltakeyears.Peopleweretoldtoleavethepathofthestorm.Butsomewouldnotorcouldnot.ManyofthoseworstaffectedbyKatrinaarepoorandblack.African-Americanleadersandotherswereangrythatgovernmentaiddidnotarrivefaster.PresidentBushvisitedsomeofthedamagedareasonFriday.HesaidthewayofficialsreactedtothecrisiswasunacceptablE.WhichistrueofthefollowingdetailsaboutNewOrleans?A.NewOrleansisanewly－builtcityofAmericaB.TherewerenoblackpeopleinNewOrleans.C.Thisisthefirsttimethathurricanehasstrickenit.D.NewOrleansisamajorportforforeignoilandothershippingtradE.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordleveesinthesecondparagraphmean?A.treesB.damsC.portsD.shipsWhichisrightabouttheHurricaneKatrina?A.ItalsocausedthedestructioninpartsofMississippi.B.Alotofpeoplediedinthisdisaster.C.Itcutofftheelectricitysupplyofthecity.D.Alloftheaboveisright.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.PresidentBushwasnotconcernedaboutthisdisaster.B.Therecoveryofthecitywilltakeafewdays.C.Inthisdisasterthegovernmentaiddidn’tarriveintimE.D.Inthiscitytherewerenopumpstations.

Theinventionoftheelectrictelegraphgavebirthtothecommunicationsindustry.AlthoughSamuelB.Morsesucceededinmakingtheinventionusefulin1837itwasnotuntil1843thatthefirstimportanttelegraphlinewasconstructeD.By1860morethan50000milesoflinesconnectedpeopleeastoftheRockies.ThefollowingyearSanFranciscowasaddedtothenetwork.ThenationaltelegraphnetworkstrengthenedthetiesbetweenEastandWestandcontributedtotherapidexpansionoftherailroadsbyprovidinganefficientmeanstomonitorschedulesandroutes.Furthermoretheextensionofthetelegraphcombinedwiththeinventionofthesteam-drivenrotaryprintingpressbyRichardM.Hoein1846revolutionizedtheworldofjournalism.Wherethebusinessofnewsgatheringhadbeendependentuponthemailandonhand-operatedpressesthetelegraphexpandedtheamountofinformationanewspapercouldsupplyandallowedformoretimelyreporting.ThecreatingoftheAssociatedPressasacentralwireservicein1846markedthearrivalofanewera纪元injournalism.71.Themaintopicofthepassageis.A.thehistoryofjournalismB.theoriginofthenationaltelegraphC.howthetelegraphnetworkcontributedtotheexpansionofrailroadsD.thecontributionsanddevelopmentofthetelegraphnetwork72.Thewordgatheringinline11refersto.A.peopleB.informationC.objectsD.substances73.Theauthor'smainpurposeinthispassageisto.A.comparetheinventionofthetelegraphwiththeinventionofthesteam-drivenrotarypressB.proposenewwaystodevelopthecommunicationsindustryC.showhowtheelectrictelegraphaffectedthecommunicationsindustryD.criticizeSamuelB.Morse74.Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundina.A.U.S.historybookB.bookontrainsC.sciencetextbookD.computermagazine75.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.SamuelMorsedidnotmakeasignificantcontributiontothecommunicationsindustryB.Morse'sinventiondidnotimmediatelyachieveitsfullpotential潜力C.theextensionofthetelegraphwasmoreimportantthanitsinventionD.journalistshavetheAssociatedPresstothankforthebirthofthecommunicationsindustry

Inthelast500yearsnothingaboutpeople—theirclothesideasorlanguages—haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginalchocolatedrinkwasmadefromtheseedsofthecocoatree可可树bySouthAmerican.Indians.TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500’s.AndalthoughitwasveryexpensiveitquicklybecamefashionablE.InLondonshopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday.ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorlD.Around1600theSpanishbroughtitfromPerutoEu??ropewhereitsoonwaswidelygrown.IrelandbecamesodependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeo??plestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthePotatoFamine饥荒of1845—1846andthousandsmorewereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmericA.TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorlD.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowtheworld’slargestgrowerofcoffeeandcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopiaacountryinAfricA.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabsduringthe1400’s.accordingtoan.ArabiclegendcoffeewasdiscoveredwhenapersonnamedKaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneandexperiencedthewide-awakefeelingthatonethirdoftheworld’spopulationnowstartsthedaywith.1.accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowinghaschangedthemostinthelast500years?A.FooD.B.Clothing.C.Ideology.D.LanguagE.2.Thewordsomeinthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphrefersto________.A.somecocoatreesB.somechocolatedrinks.C.someshopsD.someSouthAmericanIndians3.ThousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedduringthePotatoFaminebecause________A.theyweresodependentonpotatoesthattheyrefusedtoeatanythingelseB.theywereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmericaC.theweatherconditionsinIrelandwerenotsuitableforgrowingpotatoesD.thepotatoharvestwasbad4.accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Onethirdoftheworld’spopulationdrinkscoffeE.B.CoffeeisnativetoColombiA.C.CoffeecankeeponeawakE.D.CoffeedrinkswerefirstmadebyArabs.

HettyRobinsonlearntallaboutmoneywhenveryyoung.Asachildshereadthefinancial金融的pagesofthenewspapertoherrichfather.HerfatherdiedwhenHettywas30andsheinherited$1million.Whensheherselfdiedin1916sheleftalmost$100milliontohertwochildren.HettymadehermoneyontheNewYorkstock股票exchangE.Shewasafinancialgenius.ShemademoneysoeasilythatpeoplecalledhertheWitchofWallStreet.ButalthoughshewasoneoftherichestwomenintheworldshecountedeverycentandspentaslittleaspossiblE.Shedidn’townahousebecauseshedidn’twanttopaytaxes.Sosheandherchildrenlivedincheaphotels.Shespentalmostnothingonclothesandalwaysworethesamelongblackdress.ShewasheditherselfbuttosavesoapsheonlywashedthebottomofthedresswhereittouchedthegrounD.OtherpeoplehadtheirownofficesbutHettyusedadeskinthebankwhereshekepthermoneybecauseitdidn’tcostanything.Shesatinthebankandatehersandwicheswhilesheboughtandsoldstocksandshares.Ifthebankcomplainedshejustmovedallhermoneytoanotherbank.Hetty’sfamilypaidthepriceforhermeanness.Whenshewas33shemarriedamillionaireEdwardGreenandtheyhadtwochildren.ButGreenlostallhismoneysoshelefthim.WhenhersonNedinjuredhiskneeHettydidn’twanttopayforadoctorsoshetookhimtoafreehospitalforpoorpeoplE.UnfortunatelythedoctorknewHettywasrichandheaskedformoney.Hettyrefusedandtooktheboyaway.Hisleggotworseandtwoyearslaterdoctorsremovedit.ButeventuallyN.edgothisrevenge报应.Attheageof81Hettyhadanargumentwithashopassistantaboutthepriceofabottleofmilk.ShebecamesoangrythatshehadaheartattackanddieD.SoHetty’smeannessfinallykilledher.Nedinheritedhalfhismother’sfortuneandhespentitallonpartiesholidaysandexpensivejewellery.8.WhatfactcanbelearnedaboutHettyRobinsonfromthepassage?A.Shewasnicetoherson.B.Sheworkedforabank.C.Shediedfromextremeanger.D.Shecamefromapoorfamily.9.WhywasHettyRobinsoncalledtheWitchofWallStreet?A.SheturnedouttobetherichestwomaninNewYork.B.Shelikedwearingthesamelongblackdresseveryday.C.Shewasfondofreadingfinancialpagesofthenewspaper.D.Shemadealargeamountofmoneyeasilythroughstocksandshares.10.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHettyRobinson?A.GiftedbutnotgenerousB.Wealthyandselfless.C.Easy-goingbutselfish.D.Curiousandlucky.11.Whichisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.A.MeanGeniusB.A.FinancialSuccessC.A.LifelongBadLuckD.A.GoodWaytoEarnMoney

Monarchbutterflies黑脉金斑蝶areacommonsummersightinthenorthernUnitedStatesandCanada.Theselargeorangeandblackinsects昆虫brightenparksandgardensastheyflylightlyamongtheflowers.Whatmakesmonarchsparticularlyinterestingisthattheymigrate迁飞—allthewaytoCaliforniaorMexicoandback.Theyarethoughttobetheonlyinsectthatdoesthis.Everyyearinthelatesummermonarchsbegintheirjourneytothesouth.ThoseheadingforMexicogofirstfortheLouisiana-MississippiareathenflyacrosstheGulfofMexicointoTexas.OnceinMexicotheysettlethemselvesinoneofaboutfifteenplacesinamountainforestfilledwithfirtrees.Eachplaceprovidesawinterhomeformillionsofmonarchs.Thebutterfliesaresomanythattheyoftencoverentiretrees.Whenspringcomestheybegintheirlongjourneynorth.Thequestionisoftenaskedwhethereverybutterflymakestheround-tripjourneyeveryyear.Andtheanswerisno.Theaveragemonarchlivesaboutninemonths.SooneflyingnorthmightlayeggsinLouisianaandthendiE.TheeggsofthatgenerationmaybefoundinKentucky;theeggsofthenextgenerationmayendupinWisconsinorMichigan.ThelastgenerationoftheseasonaboutthefourthwillmaketheirwaybacktoMexicoandrestartthejourney.Scientistslearnaboutmonarchs’migrationbycatchingandmakingmarksontheinsects.Byrecatchingamonarchwithsuchamarkandnoticingwhereitcamefromthenextscientistcangettoknowthingslikethebutterfly’sageanditsrouting路线.64.Oneoftheplaceswheremonarchsspendthewinteris.A.theGulfofMexicoB.anareainMississippiC.aforestinMexicoD.aplaininTexas65.Theroutingofmonarchs’migrationcanbelearned.A.bycollectingtheireggsinthemountainsB.byexaminingthemarksmadeonthemC.bycomparingtheirdifferentagesD.bycountingthedeadonesintheforests66.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthepassage?A.LifeanddeathofmonarchsB.Scientists’interestinmonarchs.C.Winterhomeofmonarchs.D.Migrationofmonarchs.

Forsomepeoplethesightofamousecanbereasontoscream.Forothermicethesamesightcanbereasontosing.Micewillprobably21singtheirwaytoanyconcertbutresearchersintheUnitedStateshavefound22thatmicedo23sing.Scientistsalreadyknewthatmicemakeultrasonic超声波sounds—noisesthataretoohigh-pitched高音的forpeopletohear24specialequipment.Tofindoutwhethermiceputsuchsoundstogetherinsong-like25theresearchersrecordedthesoundsof1micE.Usingcomputer26theywereabletoseparatethesoundsintospecifictypesofsyllables音节andfoundthemiceproducedabout10syllablesperseconD.Theresultsshowedthatnearlyallofthemicerepeatedsequences顺序ofsyllablesindifferentpatterns.That’senoughtomeetthedefinitionofwhatscientists27song.Butnotallscientistsare28_thatwhatthemicearedoingis29singing.Toproveittheresearchersmustshowthatthere’slearninginvolveD.Andtheyneedto__30whythemicesing.21.A.almostB.evenC.neverD.usually22.A.coincidenceB.evidenceC.guidanceD.instance23.A.atonceB.bymeansC.forexampleD.infact24.A.duringB.insideC.throughD.without25.A.fashionsB.instructionsC.patternsD.styles26.A.accessB.printerC.screenD.software27.A.callB.hearC.singD.write28.A.accustomedB.convincedC.involvedD.qualified29.A.actuallyB.obviouslyC.simplyD.unlikely30.A.figureoutB.getaboutC.runacrossD.talkover

Noonecanfailtostandinawed令人敬畏的admirationofthegreatdiscoveriesofhistory—Newton'slawsofmotion;Kepler'sprinciplesofplanetarymovementEinstein'sgeneraltheoryofrelativity.Equallyawe-inspiringareartisticcreationsinpaintingtheatremusicandliteraturewhichhavealsobeenbroughtaboutbydiscoverythroughpersonalefforts.Whatdotheseextraordinaryachievementsofwell-knownscientistsandartistshavetodowithproblemsolving?A.greatscientificdiscoveryoragreatworkofartissurelytheresultofproblem-solvingactivity.Thesolutiontoaproblemwearetoldoftencomestothinkersinaflashofinsight顿悟althoughtheymayhavebeenturningtheproblemoverintheirmindsforsometimE.Asaparticularformofproblemsolvingthesecreativeactsarebasedonthebroadknowledgegainedinthepastwhetherthisbeofthepublicsortknowntoscienceoroftheprivatesortknowntotheartist.ManycreativethinkersstatethattheyhavecompletelydevotedthemselvestothesubjectmatteroftheproblemoftenoverfairlylongperiodsoftimE.Indeeditwouldbestrangeiftheyhadnotdonethis.Nothinginsuchstatementssupportstheideathatthereisanythingverydifferentabouttheproblemsolvingthatleadstodiscoveriesofthegreatcontributionstothesociety.Theactofdiscoveryevenintherelativelypredictable可以预见的sensethatitoccursineverydaylearninginvolves涉及asuddeninsightwhichchangestheproblemsituationintoasolutionsituation.Aswehaveseeneverydaydiscoveryalsorequiresthatthelearnerhavetheknowledgeoftherulesgainedinthepastwhichisinvolvedinthesolution.52.NewtonKeplerandEinsteinarementionedinthefirstparagraphto_______.A.bringaboutthesubjectofthediscussionB.explainthatscientistsaremorecreativeC.showthedifferencebetweenscienceandartsD.provethatartsrequiremorepersonalefforts53.Whileknowledgefromthepastplaysanimportantroleintheirachievementsthinkerssometimesalsodependontheir______.A.artistictastesB.suddeninsightC.admirationofdiscoveriesD.scientificexperiments54.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordthisreferto?A.GreatcontributionstothesocietyB.Long-timestudyofthesubjectmatter.C.Variousstatementsaboutproblemsolving.D.Completedevotiontoartisticcreation.55.Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat______.A.itismorelikelytomakescientificandartisticdiscoveriesineverydaylearning.B.asuddeninsightandknowledgefromthepastarerequiredinmakingdiscoveriesC.scientificdiscoveriesorartisticcreationsareusuallyunpredictableinnatureD.knowledgeoftherulesinthepastisoftendevelopedinthechangesofsituation

A.weathermapisanimportanttoolforgeographers.A.successionofthreeorfourmapspresentsacontinuouspictureofweatherchanges.Weatherforecastersareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts.Theyarealsoabletodeterminewhetheranairmassisretainingitsoriginalcharacteristicsortakingonthoseofthesurfaceoverwhichitismoving.Thusamostsignificantfunctionofthemapistorevealansynopticpicture气象图ofconditionsintheatmosphereatagiventimE.Allstudentsofgeographyshouldtointerpretaweathermapaccurately.WeathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalareA.TheyrevealinafewminuteswhatotherwisewouldtakehourstodescribE.TheUnitedStatesWeatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstormsfloodsfrostsdroughtsandallclimateconditionsingeneral.Twiceamonthitissuesa30-dayoutlookwhichisaroughguidetoweatherconditionslikelytooccuroverbroadareasoftheUnitedStates.Theseoutlooksarebasedonananalysisoftheupperairlevels.Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandsatellitesenormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations气象站.Experimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodificationstudiesalthoughfewsuccessfulresultssuchasartificialrainmakinghavebeenachievedsofar.Whichisnotmentionedinthispassageinthefollowingaboutonecharacteristicofweather?A.Fronts.B.TemperaturechangE.C.WindspeeD.D.Frost.Theobservationofweatherconditionsbysatellitesisadvantageousbecause_______.A.itismodernandsophisticatedB.itusedelectronicinstrumentsC.itenablesmantoaltertheweatherD.itgivesthescientistsinformationnotobtainedreadilyotherwiseThewordinterpretinParagraph2mostprobablymeans_______A.explainB.presentC.modifyD.illustrate

AsweallknowthekidsareverykinD.Theyloveanimalssosomechildren’smagazinesaboutwildlifeareagreatwaytoplantaloveofreadinginyoungkids.Ifyourkidsloveanimalscheckoutthesemagazines.NationalGeographicKidsNationalGeographicKidsbringsanimalsnaturescienceandfuntothelittlelearners.Itsanimalstoriesdeveloppre-readingandreadingskills.Theyalsoanswerquestionsaboutkids’favoritecreatures.Featuresaboutdifferentculturesbringtheworldtoyourchildandinspireasenseofunderstanding.Interactiveexperimentsintroducesimplescienceandfunpuzzlesandgamesteachlogiccountingandsomuchmore!Itisforchildrenagedfrom6to14.WildAnimalBabyIthelpsachilddevelopalifelongloveofreadingandlearning.Thissturdy结实的boardformatmagazineisdesignedespeciallyforbabiesandtoddlersbetweentheagesof12monthsand3years.Eachissue期isfilledwithrhymesstoriesandlovablebabyanimals.WildAnimalBabyisafuninteractivereadingexperienceforchildrenandparentsalikE.ClickClickopensupauniverseofwonderbyintroducingkidsaged3~7totheworldaroundthem.Clickisaboutsciencenatureandtheenvironment.FromthepublishersofLadybugClickiswrittensothatchildrenwilllovethechallengeofnewlearning.ZootlesItwascreatedforchildrenaged2to6yearsolD.Eachissueincludesafeaturedanimalnumbersandphoneme音素sounds.Countingandsoundrecognitiongamesarebuiltintothecontentalongwithread-aloudstoriespoemsandmore!Thismagazineissomuchfunthatlittlekidswon’trealizehowmuchtheyarelearning.21.WhatdoweknowaboutNationalGeographicKids?A.Itismainlyaimedatadults.B.Itspaperisheavierandofgoodquality.C.IttellschildrenaboutdifferentculturesintheworlD.D.Ithelpsimprovechildren’spre-readingandreadingskills.A.cdB.acC.bdD.ad22.A.motherwouldmostprobablychoose______forherone-year-oldbaby.A.ZootlesB.WildAnimalBabyC.NationalGeographicKidsD.Click23.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toencouragekidstoreadmorebooks.B.Torecommendseveralchildren’smagazinesaboutanimals.C.Tointroducehis/herfavoritebookstoreaders.D.Totellparentsseveralwaysofentertainingandeducatingkids.

ManydifferenttribesliveintheIturirainforestofAfricabutthePygmiesarethemostunusual.Mostofthemenarenotmuchmorethanfourfeettall.Theyweighonlyabouteightypounds.Thewomenareevensmallerandthinner.Butinspiteofthefactthattheyaresmallthesepeopleareperfectlyformedmenandwomen.ItisanexcitingexperiencetovisitaPygmyencampmentforthefirsttimE.Beforeyougoyoumustsendwordaheadthatyouarecoming.SomefriendlynativeortradermusttakethemessagetotheTiki-Tikis.OtherwisethewholetribewilldisappearintothedepthsofthejunglelongbeforeyouhavecomecloseenoughtobewelcomeD.ThegreatIturirainforestseemscutofffromtherestoftheearth.TherearelivingdeadanddyingtreesoneverysidE.ExceptwhereaclearinghasbeenburnedandchoppedoutamanmaylivehiswholelifeintheIturiandneverseefartherthantwentyyards.IttakessharpeyestodiscoverthealmosthiddenpathtothePygmycamp.Thepathisnowiderthanasmallman’sfoot.Nosoundbreaksthesilenceinthispartoftheforest.TherearenosignsofpeoplE.Thestrangermustwalkcarefully.WhatappearstobeabentbranchmayprovetobeadeadlysnakE.A.spottedgoldpatchofsunlightmaybeacrouchingleopard豹.EventhePygmycampcomesasasurprisE.Theleafysheltersinwhichthelittlepeoplelivearehardlythreefeethigh.Theylooksomuchlikethesurroundingundergrowththattheymighteasilybepassedby.Thesehousescontainnofurnitureofanysort.Thebedsaremerelyplantainleavesspreadoutontheearthfloor.Therearenocookingpots:foodiseatenraworsmokedoverafirE.SpearsbowsandarrowsaretheonlypossessionsofthesepeoplE.Whenthetribemovestoanewcampthereisnothingtocarryexcepttheseweaponsandbabiestoosmalltowalk.Accordingtothepassagewecanconclude_____.A.thePygmiesaretheshortesttribeworldwideB.thePygmiesareshortbutnormalinmentalityC.mostofthePygmymenaremorethanfourfeetD.thePygmiesliveintheforestofAmericaParagraph2mainlysuggeststhatthePygmies______.A.areunwillingtocommunicatewithpeopleoutsideB.areverycruelandtheywillkillyouwiththespearsC.arefriendlytothetouristsvisitingthemforthefirsttimeD.movesofastandoftenthatcan’tbecaughtupwitheasilyWhichofthefollowingwordcandescribethelifeofPygmy?A.Quiet.B.ActivE.C.HarD.D.Busy.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofthePygmy?A.Theirhousescan’tbeeasilyfoundinthehurtrainforest.B.TheirhouseswhicharethreefeethigharemadeofwooD.C.Weaponsandcookingpotsaretheirmostvaluablepossessions.D.TheyarelivinginharmonywithdangerousanimalsarounD.

Whenbuildinghousespeopleusedtothinkaboutnotonlytheclimateoftheareasbutalsothebuildingmaterialsandthefashionsfortheirhouses.Howeversinceelectricitybecamemoreandmoreexpensivepeoplebegantopaymuchmoreattentiontotheenergytheycouldgetfortheirhousesandthenewwaystheycouldfindtoprotecttheirhousesfrombothcoldandheat.Nowhousesofanoldyetnewtypehavebeenwidelybuilt.Insomepartsoftheworldpeoplesharetheirhouseswiththeirlivestock家畜.Duringcoldweathertheygathertheircowsgoatsorotheranimalsandkeepthemonthefirstflooroftheirhouses.Thereasonsarethattheanimalscanbeprotectedfromthecoldandthattheycanhelptoheatthehousesaswell.ThebodyheatgivenoffbytheanimalsrisestothesecondfloorofthehouseswherepeoplelivE.Bysharingtheirhouseswiththeirlivestockpeoplegainasourceofheat.Peoplewholiveinornearcitiesdonotusuallykeeplivestock.Howeverhomebuildersusethefactthatheatrises.Thisnaturallawcanbeusedinbuildinghousesintheseareas.Insteadofkeepinglivestockonthefirstfloorbuildersfillitwithlargerocks.Astheyareopentothesun’sraysduringcoldweathertheserockstakeinheat.Theyalsogiveofftheheatandofcoursethewarmairrisesintothelivingareasofthehouses.Sothesehousesareenergy-saving.House-buildingbecomesagreatchallenge挑战tobuildingdesignersandenergyengineers.Theytrytomeetthischallengebylearningfromoldtraditionsandbyusingmoderntechnology.Andsomedayinthefuturepeoplewillbeabletoliveinmoreenergy-savinghouses.56.Whatdidpeoplebegintoconsideraselectricitywasnolongercheap?A.Theclimateoftheirareas.B.Theenergyfortheirhouses.C.Thefashionsfortheirhouses.D.Thebuildingmaterialsfortheirhouses.57.Peopleinsomeareasgainasourceofheatby_________.A.keepingtheirlivestockdownstairsB.protectingtheirlivestockfromthecoldC.sharingtheirhousesonlywiththeircowsD.livingonthesecondfloorwiththeirlivestock58.Theunderlinedwordsnaturallawinthethirdparagraphrefertothefactthat________.A.heatraisesthetemperatureinthehousesB.heatgoesintheupwarddirectionC.heatgoesupiftemperatureisraisedD.heatincreasesthetemperatureofrocks59.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat__________.A.peoplewillnolongerconsiderbuildingmaterialsinthefutureB.energy-savingbuildingswillbecomemorepopularinthefutureC.almostallpeoplewillmoveintothehousesheatedbylargerocksD.energyengineerswilldevotethemselvesonlytomoderntechnology

historicalromancecalledAnatonia--waspublishedwhenhewas26.ShortlyafterthishemetCharlesDickensandtheyformedaclosefriendshipthatlastedfortenyearsandinfluencedbothmen'swriting.Collinswentontopublish25novelsaswellasmanyshortstoriesplaysandworksofnon-fiction.HoweverheismostwellknownforthetwomysterynovelsTheWomaninWhiteandTheMoonstone.CollinspublishedbothmysteriesasserialsinAlltheYearRounD.Whenitappearedinthemagazinein1860TheWomaninWhitewassopopularthatitbecamethesubjectofasongandaplay.IteveninfluencedfashionandmanywomenstartedtodressinwhitE.EightyearslaterTheMoonstonewaspublishedandearnedCollinsthetitlethefatherofthemodernEnglishdetectivenovel.TSElliotanotherfamouswritersaidthatTheMoonstonewasthefirstandgreatestofEnglishdetectivenovelsanditisstilladmiredbymoderncrimewriterstoday.AnauthorofmanymysteriesDorothyLSayersconsideredTheMoonstonetobeprobablythefinestdetectivestoryeverwrittenandmanypeopleagreewithher.Thereareseveralreasonswhytheythinkso.OneisthatCollinsusesdifferentcharacterstotelleachsectionofthestory.Thecharactershaveverydifferentpersonalitiesandvoiceswhichareinterestingandoftenamusing.Therearealsoseveralfeaturesoftheplotwhichstartedtrendsinmysterywriting.ForexamplemanydetectivestoriesaresetinacountryhousewherethetheftmusthavebeencommittedbyoneofthepeopleinthehousE.Thecharacterofafamousdetectivewithanunusualappearanceandhabitsoccursinmanybooksandaninnocentpersonisoftenundersuspicionatfirst.A.numberofmodernfilmshavealsousedtheideaofacursedjewelstolenfromareligiousstatuE.AndofcourseinTheMoonstoneandmostothergoodmysterynovelsthepersonwhoatfirstseemstheleastlikelytobethecriminalturnsouttobeguilty.5.Anatoniawaspublishedin________.A.1824B.1850C.1860D.18686.AlltheYearRoundwasatitleof____.A.oneofWilkieCollins’booksB.oneofCharlesDickens’booksC.astoryofamagazineD.amagazine7.CollinsisknownasthefatherofthemodernEnglishdetectivenovelbecause_______.A.hewasolderthantheotherdetectivestorywriters.B.hissonwasalsoafamousdetectivestorywriter.C.manyaspectsofhiswritingarecopiedbyotherdetectivestorywriters.D.theMoonstoneisthemostpopulardetectivestory....

DSincethegenecalledDAF-16inwormswasfoundinmanyanimalsandinhumansthefindingcouldopenupnewwaystoaffectagingimmunity免疫andresistanceinhumansthescientistssaiD.WewantedtofindouthownormalagingisbeinggovernedbygenesandwhateffectthesegeneshaveonothertraitssuchasimmunitysaidRobinMayoftheUniversityofBirminghamwholedthestudy.Populationsacrosstheworldareagingatasurprisingpacebringingpotentiallybigchallengesforhealthandsocialcaresystems.A.studybyDanishscientistslastyearfoundthathalfofbabiesbornintherichworldtodaywilllivetocelebratetheir100thbirthdays.ScientistsareeagertofindouthowpeopleagetotrytodevelopdrugstohelpthemstayhealthierastheirlivesextenD.WhatwehavefoundisthatthingslikeresistanceandagingtendtogohandinhandMaysaidinaninterview.May’steamcomparedlongevitystressresistanceandimmunityinfourrelatedspeciesofworm.TheyalsolookedfordifferencesintheactivityofDAF-16ineachofthefourspeciesandfoundthattheywereallquitedistinct.MaysaidDAF-16wasactiveinmostcellsinthebodyandwasverysimilartoagroupofhumangenescalledFOXOgeneswhichscientistsbelieveplayaroleintheagingprocess.Thefactthatsubtle微妙的differencesinDAF-16betweenspeciesseemtohavesuchanimpactonagingandhealthisveryinterestingandmayexplainhowdifferencesinlifespanandrelatedtraitshavearisenduringevolutionMaysaiD.71.Inwhichsectionmaythetextappearinanewspaper?A.Education.B.SciencE.C.Entertainment.D.CulturE.72.AccordingtoMay_________.A.resistancehasalottodowithagingB.FOXOgenescanbefoundinwormsC.genesplaythesameroleindifferentspeciesD.newdrugswillchangethegenesinolderpeople73.Whatcanweknowfromthethirdparagraph?A.Newwayshavebeenfoundtoaffectaging.B.Babiesintherichworldwillalllivelonger.C.PresentsocialcaresystemsarepoorlymanageD.D.Agingpopulationsarecausingmorechallenges.74.FromthetextweknowthatDAF-16.A.isagenethatisonlyfoundinwormsB.canmakepeoplelivelongerC.hasaneffectonagingandimmunityD.hasbeenquitefamiliartoscientists75.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.ScientistsFindGeneLinkedtoAgingB.PopulationAgingFasterthanExpectedC.HowtoMakePeopleLiveLongerD.GeneDeterminesHowLongWeLive

Plantingtreesaroundpoultryfarmscanimproveairandwaterquality--andrelationswithneighbors.Researchhasshownthatjustthreerowsoftreesnearpoultryhousescanreducethereleaseofdustandammonia氨.Theycanalsoreducethestrongsmellofammoniagas.Thetreestakedustammoniaandodorsintheirleaves.Theyalsoprovideshadefromthesunsotheyreducecoolingcostsinsummer.Andtheyactasawindbreaksotheyreduceheatingcostsinwinter.Treescanalsoimprovewaterqualityaroundfarmsbyremovingpollutionsfromsoilandgroundwater.SeveralyearsagopeoplewereobjectingtotheodorofpoultryfarmsontheDelmarvaPeninsulaintheeasternUnitedStates.DelmarvaiswherethestatesofDelawareMarylandandVirginiacometogether.Twothousandfarmstherecaneachhouseanaverageofseventy-fivethousandchickens.Traditionallythefarmsusedwindowstoprovidefreshairinthechickenhouses.Farmersrarelyplantedtreesortallcropsaroundthebuildingssotherewouldbenobarriertotheairflow.Butthenfarmsbegantousenewventilationsystems.Insteadofwindowsthenewsystemsusedtunnelfanstocirculateair.Thefansdirectedairflowfromthepoultryhousestowardthehomesofneighbors.ResearchersbegandealingwiththeproblemintwothousanD.Theyfoundthatoveraperiodofsixyearsplantingthreerowsoftreesreducedtotaldustandammoniabymorethanhalf.Andtheyfoundthatsmellswerereducedbyeighteenpercent.FarmersmaythinktreeswilltaketoolongtogrowandbeeffectivE.Butsometreescangrowquickly.Atleastone-thirdoftheDelmarvafarmshaveplantedtreestechnicallyknownasvegetativeenvironmentalbuffers.Theideaoffersawaytocutpollutionsavemoneyandenergyandmaketheneighborshappy.49.Thesecondparagraphmainlytellsus______.A.plantingtreesasmuchaspossibleB.theadvantagesoftreesC.howtoreduceheatingcostsD.whytreesarereceived50.Thewordodorinparagraph3means______.A.plantB.smellC.heightD.water51.ThefarmsontheDelmarvaPeninsulausedtouse______inchickenhousestoprovidefreshair.A.treesB.tunnelfansC.windowsD.poles52.Itcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat______.A.threerowsoftreesarereallygoodtotheenvironmentB.researchesbegantorealizetheproblemin2000C.mostfarmersshowinterestinplantingtreesD.thetreesgrowingquicklycanbecutoffinafewyears

BWhateverourdifferencesashumanbeingsareweallthinkwe’remoreliketherestoftheanimalworldthanwerealizE.Itissaidthatweshare40percentofourgenetic遗传的structurewiththesimpleworm.ButthatfacthashelpedSirJohnSulstonwinthe2002NobelPrizeforMedicinE.SirJohnisthefounderoftheSangerInstituteinCambridgewhichwassetupin1992togetfurtherunderstandingofthehumangenome染色体组.Tohelpthemdothistheyturnedtotheworm.Thenematode线虫类的wormisoneoftheearliestcreaturesonplanetearth.ItislessthanonemillimeterlongcompletelytransparentandspendsitsentirelifediggingholesthroughsanD.Butitstillhaslotstosayabouthumanlifeandwhatcanbedonetomakeitbetter.WhatthewormtoldSirJohnandhiscolleagueswasthateachofcellsinthehumanbodyisprogrammedlikeacomputer.Theygrowdevelopanddieaccordingtoasetofinstructionsthatarecodedinourgeneticmake-up.ManyofthediseasesthathumanssufferfromhappenwhentheseinstructionsgowrongorarenotobeyeD.Whenthecellrefusestodiebutcarriesongrowinginsteadthisleadstocancer.HeartattacksanddiseaseslikeAIDScausemorecelldeathsthannormalincreasingthedamagetheydotothebody.SirJohnwasthefirstscientisttoprovetheexistenceofprogrammedcelldeath.60.SirJohnSulstongotaNobelPrizeforMedicinebecausehehas.A.foundthathumanbeingsaresimilartothewornB.gotthefactweshare40percentofourgeneticstructurewiththesimplewormC.foundthecomputerwhichcontrolseachofthecellsinthehumanbodyD.provedthatcelldeathisprogrammed61.Peoplemightbeseriouslyillifthecellsinheirbody.A.growwithoutbeinginstructedB.dieregularlyC.failtofollowpeople’sinstructionsD.developinthehumanbody62.Theunderlinedwordtheyparagraph5refersto.A.celldeathsB.diseasesC.instructionsD.cells63.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?A.Thetheoryofprogrammedcelldeaths.B.Agreatscientist—SirJohnSulston.C.TheprogrammedhumanlifE.D.Dangerousdiseases.

AmericaisacountryonthemovE.Inunheardofnumberspeopleofallagesareexercisingtheirwaytobetterhealth.Accordingtothelatestfigures4percentofAmericanadultsexerciseregularly-up12percentfromjusttwoyearsagoandmorethandoublethefigureof25yearsago.Evennon-exercisersbelievetheywouldbemoreattractiveandconfidentiftheyweremoreactivE.ItishardnottogetthemessagE.Thevirtuesofphysicalfitnessareshownonmagazinecoverspostagestampsandtelevisionadsofeverythingfrombeautysoapstotravelbooks.Exerciseasapartofdailylifedidnotcatchonuntilthelate195swhenresearchbymilitarydoctorsbegantoshowthehealthbenefitsofdoingregularphysicalexercises.Growingpublicity宣传forracesheldinAmericancitieshelpedfuelastronginterestintheancientsportofrunning.AlthoughrunninghasleveledoffinrecentyearsasAmericanshavediscoveredequallyrewarding-andsometimessafer-formsofexercisesuchaswalkingandswimmingrunningremainsthemostpopularformofexercisE.Asthepopularityofexercisecontinuestomountsodoesscientificevidenceofitshealthbenefits.Thekeytofitnessisexercisingthemajormusclegroupsvigorously强有力地enoughtoapproximatelydoubletheheartrateandkeepitdoubledfor20to30minutesatatimE.Doingsuchphysicalexercisesthreetimesormoreaweekwillproduceconsiderableimprovementsinphysicalhealthinaboutthreemonths.5.Itcanbelearntfromthepassagethatthehealthbenefitsofexercise.A.aretobefurtherstudiedB.areselfevidentC.areyettobeprovedD.aresupportedbyscientificevidence6.Agrowinginterestinsportsdevelopedafter___________.A.anincreasingnumberofraceswereheldinAmericancitiesB.researchshowedtheirhealthbenefitsC.scientificevidenceofhealthbenefitswasshownonTVadsD.peoplegotthemessagefrommagazinecoversandpostagestamps7.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Exercise-TheRoadtoHealthB.ScientificEvidenceofHealthBenefitsC.DifferentFormsofExerciseD.Running-APopularFormofSport8.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephraseleveledoffintheparagraph2?A.reacheditslowestlevelinpopularityB.stoppedbeingpopularC.stoppedincreasinginpopularityD.becomeverypopular

WeddingsintheUnitedStatesvaryasmuchasthepeopledo.Therearechurchweddingswithagreatdealoffanfare仪式上的短曲;thereareweddingsonmountaintopswithguestsbarefooted;therehavebeenweddingsontheoceanfloorwithoxygentanksfortheguests.Butmanyweddingsnomatterwhereorhowtheyareperformedincludecertaintraditionalcustoms.BeforeacoupleismarriedtheybecomeengageD.Andtheninvitationsaresenttothosewholivenearbytheirclosefriendsandtheirrelativeswholivefaraway.Wheneverythingisreadythencomesthemostexcitingmoment.Theweddingitselfusuallylastsbetween30and40minutes.TheweddingpartyentersthechurchwhiletheweddingmarchisplayeD.Thebridecarryingabouquetenterslastwithherfatherwhowillgiveheraway.Thegroomentersthechurchfromasidedoor.Whentheweddingpartyisgatheredbythealtarthebrideandgroomexchangevows誓言.Itistraditionaltousethewordstohaveandtoholdfromthisdayforwardforbetterforworseforricherforpoorerinsicknessandinhealthtoloveandtocherishtilldeathdouspart.Followingthevowsthecoupleexchangerings.Wearingtheweddingringsonthefourthfingerofthelefthandisanoldcustom.AftertheceremonythereisoftenapartycalledareceptionwhichgivestheweddingguestsanopportunitytocongratulatethenewcouplE.Thecarinwhichthecoupleleavesthechurchisdecoratedwithballoons.ThewordsJustMarriedarepaintedonthetrunkorbackwindow.Andthenthecouplegointheirhoneymoon.27.TheunderlinedwordpartyinParagraph3probablymeans______.A.agroupofpeopleB.alegalagreementC.apoliticalorganizationD.asocialevent28.Accordingtothepassagethebrideentersthechurch______.A.carryingabunchofflowerB.withthegroomC.withthebridesmaidD.fromasidedoor.29.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?A.IntheUnitedStatestherearedifferentweddings.B.AmericansseldomsendinvitationstootherswhengetmarrieD.C.AtthereceptionguestsusuallygivetheirwishestothenewcouplE.D.AmericansusuallywearringsonthefourthfingerofthelefthanD.30.Whatwilltheauthormostprobablytalkaboutnext?A.Thefoodservedintheweddingparty.B.Thepossibleplaceswherethenewcouplespendtheirhoneymoon.C.HowtocongratulatethenewcouplE.D.Theestimatedcostofaweddingceremony.

Expertsestimatethatbytheendofthecenturyhalfofthe6000languagesspokenonourplanetwillhavedisappeareD.InWestAfricaacademicsinTogoaretryingtoprotectthesmallcountry’srichculturalandlanguageheritagE.AttheUniversityofLorneProfessorGoeh-AkueshowsavisitorsomevideosofGenculturalcelebrations.TheprofessorisaculturalheritageexpertandheisalsoaGenoneofmanyethnicgroupsinTogo多哥.HeismakingfilmsofGenculturalcustomswithfinancialhelpfromtheUnitedStates.HesaysTheGenhaveanimportantplaceinTogo’shistoryandculturE.TheGenbelieveinnumerousvoodoodeities伏都神.ButtodayfewerandfewerGenchildrengothroughvoodooinitiation入教ceremonies.Increasinglythenewgenerationdoesnotrecognizetheimportanceoftheseculturaltraditions.HesaysformaleducationandthespreadofChristianityhavereducedtheirinfluencE.ManyyoungpeoplethinktraditionalpracticesareuncivilizeD.AndwhiletheGenlanguageiswidelyspokeninLornethecapitaltheprofessorsaysitisnottaughtinschools.Genisoneofapproximatelythirty-ninelanguagesspokeninTogo.AnexpertintheUNESCOendangeredlanguageprogramsaysthatbytheendofthecenturymorethanhalfofAfrica’slanguageswillbegonE.AlanguageneedsspeakerspreferablypeoplewhospeakitastheirmothertongueorfirstlanguagE.ButalanguageatleastneedspeoplewhocanspeakitastheirsecondlanguagesaidthespecialistAnahitMinasyan.PeopleswitchtoalanguageortheyraisetheirchildreninalanguagewhichtheythinkwillprovideforabettereconomicopportunityinthefuturesaidMs.Minasyan.InAfricaforexamplepeopleoftenswitchtolargerAfricanlanguageswhichhavemorespeakersandprovidemoreeconomicopportunitiesthantheirmothertongues.Socio-linguist社会语言学家KomlanEssiewasaysthattodaymanyyoungurbanTogolese多哥人switchbetweenseverallanguagesandtheseincludetheMinalanguagespokenincities.Asalinguistwehavetobeveryworriedaboutit.Becausetodayevenwhenpeoplemovebacktotheirvillagetheydon’tusethelanguageofthevillageastheyusedto.32.AccordingtothetextwhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.GenisoneoftheethnicgroupsinTogo.B.Thereareabout39languagesspokeninTogo.C.ChristianityisthemainreligionofGenpeoplE.D.Studentsdon’tlearntheGenlanguageinschools.33.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthereasonswhysomeAfricanlanguageswilldisappear?A.Formaleducationhasreducedtheinfluenceoftheselanguages.B.SomeoftheAfricanlanguagesareverydifficulttolearn.C.Manyyoungpeopledon’tthinktheculturessymbolizedbytheselanguagesarecivilizeD.D.Theycan’tprovidebettereconomicopportunities.34.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.ManyyoungurbanTogolesecanspeakseverallanguages.B.Linguistsareworriedaboutthesituationandhaveasolutiontotheproblem.C.Peopledidn’tusethelanguageoftheirvillageinthepast.D.TheMinalanguageisonlyspokenincities.35.Whatisthemainissuediscussedinthispassage?A.AnintroductiontothecultureandhistoryofGen.B.ThehistoryofTogolesE.C.ConcernoverendangeredculturalandlanguageheritagE.D.TherichcultureofTogo.

BPeopleallovertheworldtodayarebeginningtohearandlearnmoreandmoreabouttheproblemofpollution.Pollutioniscausedeitherbyman'sreleaseofcompletelynewandoftenartificialsubstancesintotheenvironmentorbyreleasinggreatlyincreasedamountsofanaturalsubstancesuchasoiltankersintotheseA.Thewholeindustrialprocesswhichmakesmanyofthegoodsandmachinesweneedanduseinourdailylivesisboundtocreateanumberofwasteproductswhichupsettheenvironmentalbalanceortheecologicalbalanceasitisalsoknown.Manyofthesewasteproductscanbepreventedordisposedofsensiblybutclearlywhilemoreandmorenewandcomplexgoodsareproducetherewillbenewdangerouswastestobedisposedofforexamplethewasteproductsfromnuclearpowerstations.Manypeoplethereforeseepollutionasonlypartofalargerandmorecomplexproblemthatisthewholeprocessofindustrialproductionandconsumptionofgoods.Othersagainseetheproblemmainlyinconnectionwithagriculturewherenewmethodsarehelpingfarmersgrowmoreandmoreontheirlandtofeedourever-increasingpopulations.HoweverthelanditselfisgraduallybecomingwornoutasitisbeingusedinsomecasestooheavilyandartificialfertilizercannotrestorethebalancE.Whateveritsunderlyingreasonsthereisnodoubtthatmuchofthepollutioncausedcouldbecontrolledifonlycompaniesindividualsandgovernmentswouldmakemoreefforts.InthehomethereisanobviousneedtocontrollitterandwastE.Foodcomeswrappedupthreeorfourtimesinpackagesthatallhavetobedisposedof;drinksareincreasinglysoldinbottlesortinswhichcannotbereuseD.Thisnotonlycausesalitterproblembutalsoisagreatwasteofresourcesintermofglassmetalsandpaper.Advertisinghashelpedthisprocessbypersuadingmanyofusnotonlytobuythingsweneitherwantnorneedbutalsotothrowawaymuchofwhatwedobuy.Pollutionandwastecombinetobeaproblemeveryonecanhelptosolvebycuttingoutunnecessarybuyingexcessconsumptionandcarelessdisposaloftheproductsweuseinourdailylives.45.Theunderlinedphrasedisposedofinthesecondparagraphmeans_______.A.dealtwithB.exposedC.disapprovedofD.collected46.Inthewriter’sviewthemorenewgoods_______.A.thelesspollutionB.theharderpollutioncanbepreventedC.themorepollutiontherewillbeD.themoreeasilypollutioncanbecontrolled47.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Wecandomuchtoreducepollution.B.Thegovernmentistryinghardtostoppollution.C.IndividualsknowhowtogetridofthehabitoflitteringeverywherE.D.Wecan’tstopbuyingunnecessarythings.48.Peoplecanhelpsolvetheproblemofpollutionby_______.A.urgingtheirgovernmentstocontrollitterandwasteB.makinganti-pollutionadvertisementsC.cuttingdowntheuseofoilandotheroilproductsD.reducingunnecessarybuyingover-consumptionandcarelessdisposalofwastes

ECouldweterraformMars—thatischangeitsfrozenthin-airedsurfaceintosomethingmorefriendlyandEarthlike?Shouldwe?Thefirstquestionhasaclearanswer:YesweprobablycoulD.SpacecraftincludingtheonesnowexploringMarshavefoundevidencethatitwaswarminitsyouthwithriversflowingintovastseas.AndrighthereonEarthwe'velearnedhowtowarmaplanet:justaddgreenhousegasestoitsatmospherE.MuchoftheCO2thatoncewarmedMarsisprobablystillthereinfrozendirtandpolaricecapsandsoisthewater.MostoftheworkinterraformingsaysNASAscientistChrisMackaywouldbedonebylifeitself.Youdon'tbuildMarsMackaysays.Youjustwarmitupandthrowsomeseeds.PowerfulgreenhousegasescouldbeproducedfromelementsindirtandaironMarsandblownintotheatmosphere;bywarmingtheplanettheywouldreleasethefrozenCO2whichwouldquickenthewarmingandincreaseatmosphericpressuretothepointwhereliquidwatercouldflow.MeanwhilesaysbotanistJamesGrahamoftheUniversityofWisconsinhumansettlerscouldseedtheredrockwithasuccession系列ofecosystems?firstbacteriaandlichens地衣whichsurviveinAntarcticalatermosses苔藓andafteronethousandyearsorsoredwoods.Gettingbreathableoxygenlevelsoutofthoseforeststhoughcouldtakethousandsofyears.HoweverMarsisinnoimmediatedanger.Somespacescientistsrecentlyrecommendedgoingtothemoonoranasteroid小行星firstandpointedoutthespaceagencylacksthefundstogoanywherE.Itdidn'testimatethecostofgardeningadeadplanet.72.WhatisthemostessentialtomakeMarsfitforliving?A.Turniceintoflowingwater.B.CleanthedirtyatmospherE.C.MaketheatmospheremoresuitablE.D.Gotothemoonoranasteroidfirst.73.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheideaofterraformingMars?A.Wecoulddoit.B.Wecouldn'tdoit.C.Weshoulddoit.D.Weshouldn'tdoit.74.Inthebotanist'sopinionmanneedsto__________.A.enableMarstocleanitsatmosphereB.buildagreenhouseonMarsC.sendsomepeopletosettleonMarsD.cultivateecosystemsfromlowertohigherlifeform75.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.MakingMarstheNewEarth.B.AGoodWaytoChangetheUniverseC.Humans'GreatPower.D.TerribleScienceandTechnology.

Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectedonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffiC.TodayweknowthatalthoughthesearetheareaswiththeworstairpollutiontheproblemisliterallyworldwidE.OnseveraloccasionsoverthepastdecadeaheavycloudofairpollutionhascoveredtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatesandledtohealthwarningseveninruralareasawayfromanymajorconcentrationofmanufacturingandautomobiletraffiC.Infacttheveryclimateoftheentireearthmaybeaffectedbyairpollution.Somescientistsfeelthattheincreasingconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheairresultingfromtheburningoffossilfuelscoalandoilcreatingagreenhouseeffect-holdinginheatreflectedfromtheearthandraisingtheworld’saveragetemperaturE.Ifthisviewiscorrectandtheworld’stemperatureisraisedonlyafewdegreesmuchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcitiessuchasNewYorkBostonMiamiandNewOrleanswillbeunderwater.Anotherviewlesswidelyheldisthatincreasingparticulatematterintheatmosphereisblockingsunlightandloweringtheearth’stemperature-aresultthatwouldbeequallydisastrous灾难的.A.dropofjustafewdegreescouldcreatesomethingclosetoanewiceageandwouldmakeagriculturedifficultorimpossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas.Atpresentwedoriotknowforsurethateitheroftheseconditionswillhappenthoughonerecentgovernmentreportpreparedbyexpertsinthefieldconcludedthatthegreenhouseeffectisverylikely.Perhapsifweveryluckythetwotendencieswilloffseteachotherandtheworld’stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow.Aspointedoutatthebeginningofthepassagepeopleusedtothinkthatairpollution______.A.causedwidespreaddamageinthecountrysideB.affectedtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatesC.almostbroughtworldwideeffectD.existedmerelyinurbanandindustrialareasAsfarasthegreenhouseeffectisconcernedtheauthor_____________.A.sharesthesameviewwiththescientistsB.isuncertainofitsoccurrenceC.rejectsitasbeingungrounded无根据的D.thinksthatitwillincreasinglydestroytheworldsoonItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.raisingtheworld’stemperaturealittlewouldnotdomuchharmtolifeontheearthB.loweringtheworld’stemperaturealittlewouldleadtoagriculturaldisastersC.almostnotemperaturevariationshaveoccurredoverthepastdecadeD.theworld’stemperaturewillremainstableforeverThispassageisprimarilyconcernedwith.A.thegreenhouseeffectintheworldB.themeasurestoadjusttheclimateC.thepotentialeffectofairpollutionD.themeasurestoprotecttheenvironment

III阅读共两节满分40分第一节阅读理解共15小题每小题2分满分30分阅读下列短文从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑ChinahasnowmappedoutplansforitsnextfourlaunchesintheShenzhouprogramonthenextflight.ButoneconclusionseemstohaveescapedmostreportsintheaerospacemediA.TheflightofShenzhou7couldbetimedtocoincidewiththeBeijingOlympics.Plansforthe2008SummerOlympicscallfortheeventstobeheldbetweenthe8thand24thofAugust.It'sreasonabletoexpectthatChinawillusetheeventtopromoteitsachievementsbeforetheworldandhumanspaceflightisChina'smostsignificantrecentbreakthrough.Shenzhou7China'snextmannedspacemissionwasoriginallyadvertisedfor2007.Thisfitintothepatternofstagingatwo-yeargapbetweencrewedShenzhoumissionswhichhavepreviouslylaunchedin2003and2005.ButChinesemediastatementshaverecentlyamendedthisto2008.ChinesemediahavereportedthatwhiletheoverallprogramisgoingwellmoretimeisneededtoworkonthespacesuitthatwillbeusedonthisflighttostageChina'sfirstspacewalk.It'spossiblethatChineseengineerswanttomakebestpreparationsforthiscomplexmission.ChinacouldintendtocarryoutthemissionofShenzhou7justasmediaattentionisfocusedonthelead-uptotheOlympics.ThecrewoftheflightandpossiblyChina'sotherflownastronautscouldthentakepartintheopeningceremony.ChinahaspreviouslyfetedherspacetravellersingreatcelebrationssuchastheHongKongeventthatsawYangLiweisingingwithactorJackyChan.Chinahasalsosuggestedthattheactivitywillbecarriedoutbyasingleastronautandhasindicatedthathalfanhourisaroughestimateoftheplannedtimeforthespacewalk.Chinaisapparentlyfollowingsuitprobablyforthesamereasonsofconservativemissionplanningandsafety.41.Fromthefirstparagraphwecaninferthat________.A.Chinahasn’tmadeitsplanfortheBeijingOlympicsB.ThenewShenzhouprogramareknowntoallthereportersC.ChinahasplannedtosendupShenzhou7in2008D.BeijingOlympicswillbeheldduringtheflightofShenzhou742.Chinahasdecidedtocarryoutitshumanspaceflightin2008inorderto______.A.maketheBeijingOlympicsmoreinterestingB.showitsgreatachievementstotheworldC.provethatChinaisadevelopedcountryD.introduceitsscienceandtechnologytotheworld43.WhichoneofthefollowingisWRONGaccordingtothispassage?A.ChinasentitsfirstmannedspacecraftinOctoberof2003.B.ChineseengineerswanttomakemorepreparationsforShenzhou7.C.ThespacesuitfortheflightofShenzhou7hasn’tbeenpreparedwell.D.TwoChineseastronautswalkedinspacein2003.44.Theunderlinedwordamendedinthepassagehasasimilarmeaningto______.A.improveB.changeC.expectD.decide45.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheBeijingOlympics.B.TheShenzhouOlympics.C.China’sShenzhouProgram.D.Spacewalkin2008.

CCanyoutrainyourcattoactuallyuseyourtoilet?Canyounothavetodealwithlitterboxesanymore?Wellformanypeopletheanswerstothesequestionsareyes.YoumayhaveheardthatsomepeoplehavemanagedtotraintheircatstousethehumantoiletWellthisiscorrect.Oneadvantagetothisisthefactthatyounolongerhavetolugheavybagsoflitterhomefromthesupermarketorworryaboutcleaningoutthedirtylittereveryday.Likeanyothercattrainingprogramtrainingyourcattousethetoilettakestimesandpatienceyoujustcanputyourcatonthetoiletandhopethattheycanuseit.Byslowlyshapingyourcat’sbehavioroveracoupleofweeksyoutoocanendluggingheavybagsofcatlitterhomefromthesupermarket.Firststartbyslowlymovingthelitterboxcloserandclosertothetoileteachdaysoyourcatgetsusedtobeinginthebathroomandbeingaroundthetoilet.Nextwhenyouhavehadtolitterboxnexttothetoiletforseveraldaysslowlyraisethelitterboxhigherandhighereachdayuntilitisatthelevelofthetoilet.Thenfindaninsertforthetopofthetoiletlikeashallowpanthatcansitintherimofthetoiletandholdlitter.Onceyourcatgetsusedtousingthislitterpanontopofthetoiletforaweekorsotryremovingthepanandyourcatshouldbeabletousethetoilet.Likeanycattrainingprogramittakestimeandeffortonthepartofthecatownertodothis.Don’tgetfrustratedwithyourcatifsheisnotlearningasfastasyouwouldlikemanycatslearnattheirownpacE.Withalittleeffortyoutoocanhaveatoilettrainedcat.64.Theauthoradvisesyoutotrainyourcattouseatoiletsothatmay.A.keepthetoiletcleanB.keepthecatcleanC.savealotoftroubleD.savealotofmoney65.Accordingtothepassagecattoilettrainingisaprocess.A.quickB.ComplicatedC.difficultD.gradual66.Whenyouhavemanagedtogetyourcattousethetoiletthelitterbox.A.isnolongerneededB.isstillneededC.shouldbekeptwhereitisD.shouldbeputbackwhereitwas67.WecanseefromthepassagethatashallowpaninPara6.A.isusedinsteadofthelitterboxB.isusedtoprotectthecatC.helpstoraisethelitterboxD.helpstocleanthetoilet

BWhatdoesanastronauteatinspace?Thisisaquestionthatwillpuzzlemanyaspeoplerarelythinkofthat.Intheearlyspace-travelyearsastronautsatedehydrated脱水的foodsthatwereeatenthroughstraws吸管.Intoday’sspace-agethefoodthattheyeatistotallydifferent.TheyeatfoodinthesamewayaspeopledoonEarth.AstronautsareabletoprepareandeatavarietyoffoodsinspacE.Somecanbeeatenintheirnaturalformlikefruitswhilesomeneedtoaddwaterlikenoodles.HowevertherearenorefrigeratorssothefoodhastobepreparedandeatenwithoutbeingstoredforalongtimE.Whentheastronautsarehungrytheysimplyeatthefoodbyopeningthefoodpackagesandwithaforkknifeandspoon.JustlikepeopleonEarthastronautsalsoeatthreemealsadaywhichincludebreakfastlunchanddinner.Sometimestheyalsoeatsnacks.TheUSspaceagencyNASAhasfoundoutthatanastronaut’sdietreducesbyabout70%onaspacemissionthoughhehasawiderangeoffoodstochoosefromlikenutschickenbeefseafoodandcandies.DrinksinthespaceshipincludecoffeeteajuicesandlemonadE.AstronautscanalsorequestaparticularfoodthattheywouldliketohaveinspacE.Scientistsarealwaysexperimentingandtryingoutdifferentspacefoodsthatcanbeofferedtoastronautswhenonspacemissions.45.Nowastronautseat________inspacE.A.dehydrated脱水的foodsB.foodaspeopledoonEarthC.totallydifferentD.foodwithalotofwater46.Thefoodtheastronautsprepared________.A.can’tbestoredforalongtimeB.canbeputintorefrigeratorsC.canbestoredforalongtimeD.can’tbekeptinthefoodpackages47.Inspaceastronauts________likepeopleonEarth.A.onlyhavenutschickenandbeefB.onlyhavelunchforadayC.onlydrinkcoffeeteaandlemonadeD.alsoeatthreemealsaday48.Whatarescientistsexperimentingandtryingout?A.Someveryspecialsnacks.B.Howastronautscansleepwell.C.Differentspacefoodsforastronauts.D.Howtogetsomefruitsforastronauts.

A.companyadvertisedinthenewspaperforasalesposition.Detailsoftheprerequisite必备条件salaryandbenefitsweregiven.Itwasalsoclearlystatedthatapplicantsneededtotakeanaptitudetest能力倾向测试andaninterview.Howeverlookingatthewholeadvertisementonecouldnotfindanycontactinformationofthecompany.Mostinterestedapplicantsthoughtthatitwasthecompany’sHRdepartment’scarelessnessoraprintingerror.Theythereforewaitedpatientlyforthenewspapertopublishanamendment.Butinsteadofwaitingforthenewspapertopublishthecompanydetailsanotherthreeapplicantstooktheinitiativetofindoutthecompany’scontactinformationthemselves.TimdidasearchontheInternet.Bytypingthecompany’snameheeasilyobtainedalltheinformationincludingitscontactnumber.Lisacalledupthelocaltelephonenumbersearchserviceandfoundoutthecompany’sofficenumber.Shecalleduptheofficeandgottherequiredcontactinformation.Donnaputinagreatereffortinhersearch.Sherememberedseeingaposterbythesamecompanyinthecitysoshedroveallthewaydownandmadeafewroundstosearchforit.Shefinallyfoundittogetherwiththecompany’scontactinformation.Threedaysafterthatadvertisementwaspublishedinthenewspapermostinterestedapplicantswerestillwaitingeagerlyforanamendment.OntheotherhandtheapplicationlettersandresumesofTimLisaandDonnahadalreadyreachedthehandsofthecompany’sHRmanager.Theywerethencalledupforaninterview.DuringtheinterviewallwentwellandimmediatelytheywerehireD.Thethreeofthemwerealittlesurprisedathowfastthingswenton.Theywereexpectingforanaptitudetestasstatedintheadvertisement.TheHRdirectoransweredthemsmilingOurtestishiddenintheadvertisementitself.Tobeagoodsalespersoninthisageheorshehastobebroad-mindedandveryimportantlydoesnotfollowrigid死板的stepsorrules.YouareallcleverandagilE.Inashorttimeyou’vemanagedtofindwaysofcontactingus.Itshowsclearlythatyouhavepassedthetestwithflyingcolors!Thefoolssitaroundwaitingfortheirchanceswhereasthewiseactivelytakeactionswithgreatinitiative主动权.5.Accordingtothepassagethecompanywantedtotesttheapplicants’______.A.salesskillsB.carefulnessC.attitudeD.initiative6.Whosesearchskillistheeasiestofall?A.Tim’s.B.Lisa’s.C.Donna’s.D.NonE.7.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.TheHRmanagerofthecompanymadeamistakE.B.Thecompanymeanttoomit遗漏itscontactinformation.C.TheHRmanagerofthecompanywasunfitforhis/herjoB.D.A.printingerroroccurredintheadvertisementinthenewspaper.8.Thewriterwantstotellusthroughthispassagethat______.A.nocontactinformationseeninanadvertisementmightnotbethecompany’smistakeB.applicantsshouldbecarefulnottobefooledbythecompany’sadvertisementC.opportunityalwaysbelongstowhoeverisactiveandbroad-mindedD.therearemanysuccessfulchancestobefoundinthisage

ManyOlderDoctorsPlantoGiveupTheirPracticeTheresultsofanewsurveyindicatethat48percentofphysiciansbetween50and65yearsofageareplanningtoreduceorendtheirclinicalpracticeinthenextlto3years.Thefindingsalsosuggestthatmanyolderphysiciansbelievethattheiryoungercounterpartsdonothavetheworkethictheydo.ThesurveywhichwasconductedbyMerrittHawkins＆AssociatesaTexas-basedphysiciansearchandconsultingfirmsuggeststhatmanyolderphysiciansaresimplyunhappywiththechangesthathavetakenplaceinmedicineovertheyears.WhenBabyBoomdoctorsenteredmedicinetheyhadcontroloverhowtheypracticedandthefeetheychargeD.Buttheruleschangedontheminmid-streamandnowmanyarelookingforaticketoutMarkSmithexecutivevicepresidentofMerrittHawkins＆Associatessaidinastatement.OurstudyistheonlyoneIamawareofthatexaminesthecareerplansofphysiciansinthe50-to-65agegroup.Thisagegrouprepresentsmorethanone-thirdofallphysiciansintheU.S.IftheystopworkinginthecomingyearsitwillhaveasignificantimpactontheoverallsupplyofphysiciansSmithtoldReutersHealth.Theresultsofthesurveywhichincluded1170respondents调查对象showthat24percentofolderphysiciansareplanningtoleaveclinicalpracticealltogetherinthenext1to3years.Specifically14percentsaidtheywereplanningonretiring7percentsaidtheywerelookingforamedicaljobinanon-patientcaresettingand3percentsaidtheywereseekingajobinanon-medicalfielD.Forthosephysiciansnotleavingclinicalpracticemanysaidtheywouldmakechangestoreducethenumberofpatientstheytreat.Forinstance12percentsaidtheywouldbeginworkingpart-time8percentsaidtheyplannedtostoptakingnewpatientsormarkedlyreducetheirpatientloadand4percentexpressedadesiretoworkonatemporarybasis.Whenaskedabouttheworkethicofphysiciansenteringpracticetoday68percentoftherespondentssaidthattheseyoungerdoctorsarenotasdedicatedorashardworkingasphysicianswhoenteredpractice20t030yearsago.Fifty-sevenpercentofolderphysicianssaidtheywouldnotrecommendmedicineasacareertotheirownchildren.Similarly44percentsaidtheywouldnotselectmedicineasacareeriftheywerestartingouttoday.Themostominous不祥的findingisthataboutonehalfofphysicianssurveyedplanttoeitherabandonpatientcareinthenext1to3yearsorsignificantlyreducethenumberofpatientstheyseeSmithsaiD.TheU.S.alreadyisfacingawidespreadshortageofphysicians.Shouldolder‘workhorse'physicianschoosetogiveuppatientcareaccesstomedicalserviceswillbefurtherrestricteD.66.WhichisNOTtrueofphysiciansinthe50-to-65agegroupintheU.S.?A.Theyaremostlybabyboomers.B.Theyhavenothingtocomplainabout.C.ManyofthemplantograduallystoptheirpracticE.D.Theyaccountforoverone-thirdofallphysiciansinthecountry.67.Thesurveywasfocusedon.A.thelivingconditionsofolderphysiciansintheU.S.B.thecareerplansofolderphysiciansintheU.S.C.theretirementplansofolderphysiciansintheU.S.D.theachievementsofolderphysiciansintheU.S.68.ManyolderphysiciansintheU.S.viewtheworkethicoftheiryoungercounterparts.A.withappreciationB.withdisapprovalC.withjealousD.withindifference69.Intheeyesofmanyolderphysiciansmedicine.A.comesfirstintheirchoiceofacareerfortheirchildrenB.remainstheirlifelongpursuitC.isnotasgoodacareerasitusedtobeD.ismoredemandingthanitusedtobe70.IfmanyolderphysiciansstopworkinginthecomingyearsAmericanswillhave.A.evenlessaccesstomedicalservicesB.evenbetterpatientcareC.ashortageofyoungerphysiciansD.morejobopportunities

InJuly19阅读理解upiterthelargestplanetinoursolarsystemwasstruckby21piecesofacomet彗星.Whenthefragments碎片landedinthesouthernpartofthegiantplanettheexplosionswerewatchedbyscientistshereonearth.Butwhatifourownplanetwashitbyacomet?Theyearis2094.IthasbeenannouncedthatacometisheadingtowardstheEarth.MostofitwillmissourplanetbuttwofragmentswillprobablyhitthesouthernpartoftheEarth.ThenewshascausedpaniC.On17JulyafragmentfourkilometerswideenterstheEarth'satmospherewithahugeexplosion.AbouthalfofthefragmentisdestroyeD.ButthemajorpartsurvivesandhitstheSouthAtlanticat200timesthespeedofsounD.Theseaboilsandanenormouswaveiscreatedandspreads.ThewallofwaterrushestowardssouthernAfricaat800kilometresanhour.CitiesontheAfricancoastaretotallydestroyedandmillionsofpeoplearedrowneD.ThewavemovesintotheIndianOceanandheadstowardsAsiA.MillionsofpeoplearealreadydeadinthesouthernpartoftheEarthbutthenorthwon'tescapeforlong.Tonsofbrokenpiecesarethrownintotheatmospherebytheexplosions.Asthesunishiddenbycloudsofdusttemperaturesaroundtheworldfalltoalmostzero.CropsareruineD.WarsbreakoutascountriesfightforfooD.AyearlatercivilizationhascollapseD.Nomorethan10millionpeoplehavesurviveD.Coulditreallyhappen?InfactithasalreadyhappenedmorethanonceinthehistoryoftheEarth.Thedinosaurs恐龙wereontheEarthforover160millionyears.Then65millionyearsagotheysuddenlydisappeareD.ManyscientistsbelievethattheEarthwashitbyaspacefragment.Thedinosaurscouldn'tsurviveinthecoldclimatethatfollowedandtheybecameextinct.Willwemeetthesameend?1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtotheauthor'sdescriptionofthedisasterin2094?A.ThewholeworldbecomesextremelycolD.B.AllthecoastalcitiesinAfricaaredestroyeD.C.Thewholemankindbecomesextinct.D.Thevisitofthecometresultsinwars.2.Whydoestheauthormentiondinosaursattheendofthepassage?A.BecausetheycouldonlyliveinthewarmclimatE.B.Becausetheyoncedominatedtheearth.C.Becausetheirextinctionindicatesfuturedisasters.D.BecausedinosaursandhumansneverliveinthesameagE.3.Inwritingthepassagetheauthorintendsto_______.A.giveanaccuratedescriptionofthepossibledisasterinthefutureB.provethathumanswillsoonerorlaterbedestroyedC.tellthehistoricaldevelopmentoftheEarthD.warnofapossibledisasterinthefuture4.Itcanbeconcludedthatthepassageismostprobablypartofan________.A.horrorstoryB.newsreportC.researchpaperD.articleofpopularscience

四阅读理解本题有16小题每小题2分共32分第一节阅读下列短文从每题所给的A.B.C.D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案It’simportanttolearnaboutprotectingourenvironment.Hereisa5Rruleforus:1.ReduceIfyouwanttoreducewasteyoushouldusethingswisely.A.largenumberoftreesarebeingcutdowntomakepaper.Ifeveryoneusespapercarelesslyandthrowitoutsoonwewouldnothaveanytreesleft.Otherthingsarealsobeingwastedandpeopledon’tknowwhattodowiththewasteinbigcities.SoitisnecessarytoreducethewastE.2.ReuseYoushouldalwaysthinkofreusingtheusablethingsbeforethrowingthemout.Giveyourusedclothesorthesmallonestothepoor.Inafamilyyoumaypassonsuchclothestoyoungerbrothersorsisters.3.RecycleBottlescansandpapercaneasilyberecycleD.Bydoingsowesavelotsoftimeandmoney.Forexamplecokecansaresenttoafactorywheretheyaresmashedflat压平andmelted融化andthemetalthingsaremadefornewcokecans.4.RecoverWhenyoubuyaboxofapplestheremaybefewrottenapplesyouhavetwochoices:oneistothrowthewholeapplesawayoryoucouldcutofftherottenpartsandusethegoodparts.InthiswayyouarerecoveringtheeatablepartsoffooD.5.RepairIfoneofthelegsofyourtableisbrokenyoucanrepairit.Ifyouwanttochangeforbetteronesitisbetterforyoutoselltheoldthingsorgivethemtootherpeoplewhocanusethemafterdoingsomerepair.ItistruethatNorthAmericaisathrow-awaysocietybutthetimehascometochangeourwayoflifesothatwecanprotectourenvironment.Everyoneofusshouldtryourbest.51.TheReducerulemainlyrequiresus_______.A.tousethingswiselyB.tocutdownmanytreesC.tousealotofpaperD.tothrowawayyouroldclothes52.What’stherightorderofrecyclingcokecans?A.collecttheusedcansB.meltthemC.smashthemflatD.sendthemtoafactoryA.abcdB.adcbC.dbcaD.cabd53.TheRecoverrulemainlyrequiresus_______.A.tothrowwastethingsawayB.tocoverwastethingswithearthC.togetbacktheusefulpartsD.tothrowthewholethingsaway54.Whichisthebestwaytodowithyourbrokentables?A.Throwingthemaway.B.Repairingthem.C.Sellingthem.D.Puttingthemaway.

ProbablyyouhaveseenphotosoftheGrandCanyon峡谷thegreatvalleyinthedesertcountryofArizonA.Butyoumustgothereyourselftofeelitstruesizeandbeauty.TheGrandCanyonisoneofthegreatestnaturalwondersoftheworldTheColoradoRiverformedtheGrandCanyonovermillionsofyears.Slowlytherivercutdownthroughhardrock.Atthesametimethelandwasrising.Todaythecanyonis1.5kilometersand445kilometerslong.Theoldestrocksatthebottomofthecanyonaremorethan1billionyearsolD.Thewidthvariesfromabout200metersto29kilometersacross.Therimortopofthecanyonisabout2300metersabovesealevelontheSouthRimandabout3000metersontheothersidE.Asaresulttherearedifferentkindsofplantsandanimalsonoppositesidesofthecanyon.TheSouthRimisdrydesertcountry.TheNorthRimhastallforests.Thecanyonlooksdifferentatdifferenttimesofdayandindifferentseasonsandweather.Atsunriseandsunsettheredgoldbrownandorangecolorsoftherocksareespeciallyclearandbright.Inwinterthecanyonispartlycoveredwithsnow.TheviewfromtheSouthRimoftheGrandCanyonisthebest.Mostvisitorscomehereandstayincampgroundsorhotels.Everypointalongthecanyon’sedgeoffersadifferentview.TheNorthrimoftheCanyonisquieter.IttakesalldaytodrivetherefromtheSouthRimbecausethereisonlyonebridgeacrosstheColoradoRiver.OnthewayyougothroughNavadoIndianlandsandacolorfulpinkdesertcalledThePaintedDesert.11.ThebestwaytofeelthetruebeautyoftheGrandCanyonisto________.A.seeitsphotographsB.listentothereportaboutitC.watchitsintroductiononTVD.gothereyourselfandvisitit12.Accordingtothesecondparagraph________.theGrandCanyonhasashorthistoryB.itssizeneverchangedinthehistoryC.theGrandCanyonwasformedbytheearthquakeD.Youcanenjoydifferentsceneryondifferentsidesofthecanyon13.Thescenethecanyonis________.variousdependingondifferenttimeandplacesthesamevariousdependingondifferenttimevariousdependingondifferentplaces14.IfyouwanttovisittheNorthRimfromtheSouthRimyou________.cangothereinmanydirectionswon’tspendmuchtimeonthewaycanvisitThepaintedDesertonthewayneedn’tgoacrossanybridges15.IfyouwanttohaveavisittotheGrandCanyonyou’dbettergoto_______.A.theNorthRimB.theSouthRimC.thebottomD.NavadoIndianLands

Youcannotseeanyobjectunlesslightfromthatobjectgetsintoyoureyes.Someofthethingsyouseegiveofflightoftheirown.Thesunthestarsalightedlampareexamplesthatcanbessenbytheirownlight.Suchthingsareluminous.Mostofthethingsyouseearenotgivingofflightoftheirown.Theyaresimplyreflectinglightthatfallsonthemfromthesunorsomeotherluminousbodies.Thenmoonforexampledoesnotgiveoffanylightofitsown.Itisnon-luminous.Youseeitbecausesunlightfallsonitandsomeofitreflectsinyourdirection.Somoonlightisonlysecondhandsunlight.Whenyoulookatabookitsendsyoureyessomeofthelightthatfallsonitandyouseethebook.Iflightcouldbekeptoutfromwhereyouaresothattherewouldbenolightforthebooktoreflectthenyoucouldnotseethebookevenwithyoureyeswideopen.Lighttravelssofastthatthetimeinwhichittravelsfromthebookyouarereadingtoyoureyesissoshortasifittooknotimeatall.Lightreachesusformthemoonwhichisabout380000kilometersawayinonlyalittlemorethanaseconD.Youcanseethebookbecause___________.A.youreyesareclosetoit.B.itreflectslightC.ithaslightofitsownD.youreyescangettoitThewordreflectsmeans____________.A.throwsbackB.takesbackC.givesoffD.sendsout___________havelightoftheirwon.A.thesunandthemoonB.ThestarsandtheearthC.ThesunandthestarsD.Themoonandtheearth

Thesunissettingonasummernight.Attheentrancetoadeepdarkcaveafewbatsflyouthighupintotheair.Moreandmoreofthesmallcreaturesappear.Withinafewminutesawholeriverofbatsispouringoutofthecaveandtheykeepcomingmillionsandmillionsofthem.Soundslikeascaryhorrormovie?BelieveitornotthisscenetakesplaceeverynightallsummerlongatBrackenCaveinTexaswhere20millionbatsflyoutsidetofeedoninsects.EveryMarchorAprilMexicanfree-tailedbatsflyupto1000milesfromtheirwinterhomeinMexicotothiscavewheretheyraisetheiryoung.Soonaftertheyarriveeachmothergivesbirthtoababy.Asmanyas500babybatscrowdintoonesquarefootofspacE.AllthosebadiescreatenicewarmtemperaturestokeepthemcomfortablE.Ifyou’veeverlostsightofyourparentsonacrowdedplaygroundyoumaybewonderinghowmotherbatsrecognizetheirbabies.TheyusetheirsenseofsmelltorecognizetheirownbabieswhenitistimeforthebabiestonursE.Thecaveaquietplaceinwinterfilledwithlifeallsummer.Batpoopcalledguanosooncoversthefloorprvidingfoodfortinyorganisms微生物.Andthencomethebugs.Kennedysaysyouwalkinwithyourheadlightonandthefloorofthecaveisfullofbugs.Insectsareflyingaroundandbectles甲虫moveslowlyupyoulegs!Whentheadultbatsleavethecaveatnightoffeedtheyarehelpinghumans.Theyeattonsofinsectsinasinglenightincludingmanypeststhateatfarmer’scrops.Andtheygetridofmosquitoestoo.Whentwentymillionbatsflyoutofonecaveopeningtheymakeacolumnsothickthattheyshowuponradaratthenearbyairport.Itcantakethreehoursforallofthembetocomeout.53.Mexicanfree-taledbatsflytoTexaxeveryMarchorAprilbecause________.A.theycanfindlotsoffoodB.thecaveisbiggerC.theygivebirthtobabybatsD.theycanprotectthecrops54.Themotherbatfindsitsbabyby________.A.smellingB.hearingC.touchingD.watching55.Theunderlinedwordpoopprobablymeans________.A.bodyB.wasteC.foodD.cave56.Whhichofthefollowingisright?A.Asmanyas500babybatscrowdintoonecavE.B.It’seasyforallthebatstogetoutofthecavequickly.C.AmotherbatwillbearatleastonebabybatatatimE.D.Batseatmanycroppestsandmosquitoes.

DianeArbusisknownforcreatingintenseblackandwhitephotographsofveryunusualpeoplE.Sheusedaspecialcamerathatproducedsquareshapedimages.OneartexpertsaidDianeArbusturnedphotographyinsideout.Insteadoflookingathersubjectsshemadethemlookather.DianeArbuswasbornin1923toawealthyfamilyinNewYorkCity.Afterfinishinghighschoolattheageof18DianemarriedAllanArbus.Mr.Arbusworkedintheadvertisingdepartmentofherfather’sstorE.ItwasMr.ArbuswhogaveDianeherfirstcamerA.DianesoondecidedtotakeaclasswiththefamousphotographerBereniceAbbott.TheArbuseseventuallystartedtakingphotographsofclothing.TheseimageswereusedasadvertisementsforDiane’sfather’sstorE.AfterthebirthoftheirdaughterDoontheArbusesstartedabusinesstogether.Theirpurposewastophotographclothingfashions.DianeArbuswasthestylist.ShewouldpreparethehairandfacesofthefashionmodelswhoworetheclothingbeingphotographeD.AllanArbustookthepictures.ThecouplesoonhadjobsfromimportantfashionmagazinessuchasVogueandHarper’sBazaar.Theirworkwasverysuccessfulduringthe1950s.TheybecamepartofagroupofartiststhatwerehelpingtoredefinevisualculturE.Theywerebreakingwithpasttraditionstocreateanewlookforanewdecadethesixties.ButDianewasnotsatisfiedwithhersecondaryrolE.Shewantedamoreactivepartinmakingphotographs.Shewantedtoexploreherownartisticexpressionandfreedom.TodothisshestoppedworkingwithherhusbanD.ThenshestartedtakingphotographyclassesattheNewSchoolinNewYorkCity.Arbus’teacherLisetteModelinfluencedherinmanyways.SheshowedDianehowtouseacameralikeanexpert.ShealsotaughtDianetouseherarttofaceherdoubtsandfears.MissModeloncesaidthatDianesoonstartednotlisteningtomebutsuddenlylisteningtoherself.DianeArbusgotherfirstcamera______.A.fromherfatherB.fromherhusbandC.inashopD.intheadvertisingdepartmentWhydidtheArbusesstartabusinesstogether?A.Tofilmclothingfashions.B.Tomaketheirdaughterhappy.C.Toprovethemselves.D.TomakefriendswithmorepeoplE.TheArbuses______inthe1950saccordingtothepassagE.A.wereinchargeofVogueB.earnedmorethanotherartistsC.wererecognizedasgreatartistsD.wereproudoftheirachievementsWecanlearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat______.A.DianewashardtodealtwithB.DianecaremoreforfreedomC.DianewastiredofworkingwithhusbandD.DianelearnedmorefromLisetteModel

AfteranextradayinspacethecrewofDiscoveryreturnedtoEarthlandingatEdwardsAirForceBaseinCaliforniaearlyonTuesdaymorning.TheshuttleanditscrewspenttwoweeksinspacemostofitaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation.ItwasthefirstflightofNASA'sspaceshuttlefleetsinceFebruary2003whentheshuttleColumbiacameapartwhilereenteringEarth'satmospherE.NASAofficialsdelayedDiscovery'sreturnforonedaybecauseofcloudyweatherinFloridawheretheshuttlewassupposedtolanD.OnTuesdaymorningmissioncontrollersdirectedDiscoverytoalandingsiteinCaliforniawheretheskieswereclear.ThecrewmemberswillhavetowaituntilWednesdaytoseetheirfamilieswhentheyallmeettogetherinHoustonattheJohnsonSpaceCenter.Discoveryhadaverybusymissioninspacecomparedtopastmissions.ThespaceshuttledockedwiththeInternationalSpaceStationmostofthejourneydeliveringbadlyneededsuppliesandrepairingdamagedparts.Thecrewspentalotoftimetestingnewrepairtechniquesontheirownshuttleconductingthreedifferentspacewalkswhereastronautsexitthespaceshuttletodoworkoutside.OnthethirdspacewalkastronautSteveRobinsonwentunderneaththeshuttletoremovematerialstickingoutfrombetweenthespacecraft'sprotectivetiles.TherewereconcernsinthelastremainingdaysofDiscovery'smissionthatatornheatblanket—anothershieldagainstoverheatinginthespaceshuttle—mayposeaproblemtocrewmembers.NASAofficialsandtechniciansworkedonwaysthatthecrewcouldfixtheproblembutlaterdecideditwasnotarisk.WiththeshuttleanditscrewsafelybackonfirmgroundNASAishailingthismissionlabeledSTS114asahugesuccess.Ihopethisshowspeoplethatwe'recomingbackNASAspaceflightchiefBillReaddysaidafterDiscovery'ssuccessfullanding.We'vegotsomemoreworktodo.Weknowwhatweneedtodoandwe'lldoit.Whichofthefollowingisn'tincludedinthejobsoftheshuttleDiscovery?A.DeliveringsuppliestotheInternationalSpaceStation.B.Conductingdifferentspacewalks.C.Testingnewrepairtechniques.D.FindingthecausewhytheshuttleColumbiacameapart.ButforthecloudyweathertheshuttleDiscoverywouldhavelanded_______.A.inFloridaadayearlierB.inFloridaadaylaterC.inCaliforniaadayearlierD.inCaliforniaadaylaterWhichisthemostprobableperiodoftimethatDiscoverywasaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation?A.Sixdays.B.Twoweeks.C.Ninedays.D.Twoweeksandanextraday.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AnotherHugeSuccessofDiscoveryB.WelcomeBackDiscoveryC.DiscoveryandInternationalSpaceStationD.DiscoverySurvivesaRisk

Theworld'soceansareslowlygettingmoreacidicsayscientists.TheresearchersfromCaliforniareportthatthechangeistakingplaceinresponsetohigherlevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherE.Theloweringofthewaters’pHvalueisnotgreatatthemomentbutcouldcauseaseriousthreattocurrentoceanlifeifitcontinuestheywarn.KenCaldeiraandMichaelWickettfromtheLawrenceLivermoreNationalLaboratoryreporttheirconcernsinthejournalNaturE.Increasinguseofoilfuelsmeansmorecarbondioxideisgoingintotheairandmostofitwilleventuallybeabsorbedbyseawater.OnceinthewateritreactstoformcarbonicaciD.Scientistsbelievethattheoceanshavealreadybecomeslightlymoreacidicoverthelastcentury.TheseresearchershavetriedtopredictwhatwillhappeninthefuturebycombiningwhatweknowaboutthehistoryoftheoceanswithcomputermodelsofclimatechangE.ThislevelofaciditywillgetmuchmoreextremeinthefutureifwecontinuereleasingCO2intotheatmospheresaidDrCaldeirA.Andwepredicttheamountoffutureaciditywillexceed超过anythingwehaveseenoverthelastseveralhundredmillionyearsletaloneperhapsafterraredisastrouseventssuchasasteroid小行星impacts.HoweveritisnotabsolutelyclearwhatthatmeansforoceanlifE.MostorganismslivenearthesurfacewherethegreatestpHchangewouldbeexpectedtooccurbutdeep-oceanlifeformsmaybemoresensitivetopHchanges.Coralreefsandotherorganismswhoseshellscontaincalciumcarbonate小行星maybeparticularlyaffectedifthewater'saciditylevelskeepgoinguptheteampredict.TheycouldfinditmuchmoredifficulttobuildthesestructuresinwaterwithalowerpH.Inrecentyearssomepeoplehavesuggestedstoringcarbondioxidefrompowerstationsinthedeepoceanasawayofdealingwithglobalwarming.ButDrCaldeirasaidthatsuchastrategyshouldnowbere-considereD.Previouslymostexpertshadlookedatoceanabsorptionofcarbondioxideasagoodthing-becauseinreleasingCO2intotheatmospherewewarmtheplanetandwhenCO2isabsorbedbytheoceanitreducestheamountofgreenhousewarming.AccordingtoDrCaldeira__________.A.oceanabsorptionofcarbondioxideisagoodthingB.moreoilfuelswillbeusedinthenearfutureC.scientistsmaypredictclimatechangeswithcomputermodelsD.thefuturesituationoftheamountofacidityisextremelyseriousfthewater'saciditylevelkeepsrising_________.A.oceanlifewhosestructurescontaincalciumcarbonatemaybeaffectedB.thewaters’pHvaluewillbecomehigherandhigherC.organismslivingnearthesurfacearemoresensitivetopHchangesD.somedisastrouseventswilloccurmoreoftenthanbeforeMostexpertsoncebelievedstoringcarbondioxideintheoceanwouldreduce________.A.theCO2absorbedbytheoceanB.theamountofgreenhousewarmingC.theacidityoftheoceanD.thegradualreleaseofCO2Thepurposeofthispassageisto_________.A.showpeoplethefindingsofaresearchteamB.informpeopleofhowacidtheoceanisnowC.introduceDrCaldeiraandhisteam'sresearchD.warnpeopleofthehigherlevelofCO2

BPeoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformeD.ItisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnotorwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitivE.Socialscientistsareofcourseextremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.TherearenoclearanswersyetbuttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedevelopeD.Asonemightexpectthetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromoneanotherandthereisagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversyisoftenreferredtoasnature/nurture.Thosewhosupportthenaturesideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittleifanythingtodowithourabilitiescharacteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextremethistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchadegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.Proponentsofthenurturetheoryorastheyareoftencalledbehavioristsclaimedthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.AbehavioristB.F.Skinnerseeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Thebehaviorists’viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;theymaintainthatlikemachineshumans’respondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.Eitherofthesetheoriescannotyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infactitisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.69.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldthesupportersofthenaturetheoryagreewith?A.Aperson’sinstinctshavelittleeffectonhisactions.B.Environmentisimportantindeterminingaperson’sbehaviorandpersonality.C.Biologicalreasonshaveastronginfluenceonhowweact.D.Thebehaviorists’viewcorrectlyexplainshowweact.70.Concerningthenature/nurturecontroversythewriterofthisarticle____________.A.supportsthenaturetheoryB.supportsthenurturetheoryC.believesbotharecompletelywrongD.thinksthatthecorrectexplanationofhumanbehaviorwilltakeideasfromboththeories.71.IntheUnitedStatesBlackpeopleoftenscorebelowWhitepeopleonintelligencetests.WiththisinmindwhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.NatureproponentswouldsaythatWhitesaregeneticallysuperiortoBlacks.B.SupportersofthenaturetheorywouldsaythatWhitesscorewellbecausetheyhaveasuperiorenvironment.C.BehavioristswouldsaythatBlacksoftenlacktheeducationalandenvironmentaladvantagesthatWhitesenjoy.D.NurtureproponentswoulddisagreethatBlacksarebiologicallyinferiortoWhites.

Chinesekungfuisoneoftheearliestandlongest-lastingsportsthatusebothmuscleandbrain.Overitslonghistoryithasdevelopedasauniquecombinationofexercisepracticalself-defenseself-disciplineandart.ItisestimatedthatChinesekungfucandatebacktoprimitivesociety.Atthattimepeopleusedstickstofightwildbeasts.Graduallytheyaccumulatedagreatdealofself-defenseexperiencE.WhentheShangDynastybeganhuntingwasconsideredanimportantpartofkungfutraining.DuringtheShangandZhoudynastiesmartialarts武术evolvedtobecomeakindofdancing.UsuallythedancingofmartialartswasusedtotrainsoldiersandinspiretheirmoralE.Atthesametimetheskillandtechnologyofswordmakingaswellasswordceremoniesdevelopedrapidly.StartingfromtheTangDynastyakungfuexaminationwasproposedandintroduceD.Excellentcandidateswouldreceivetitlesandawardsthroughtheexaminationlargelypromotingthedevelopmentofmartialarts.BythenmartialartshadevolvedtobecomeanartformandanindependentgenrE.KungfuwasgraduallyintroducedtomanycountriesinSoutheastAsiA.Todaykungfuishonoredastheancestorofkickboxing跆拳道karate空手道andjudo.TheSongandYuandynastieswitnessedtheclimaxofkungfudevelopment.Thepracticeofkungfubycivilorganizationsbecamemoreandmorepopular.Peopleactuallymadealivingasmartialartsperformersalloverthecountry.Usuallytheirperformancewascarriedoutbyasinglepersonortwopeopleasapair.ChinesekungfuachievedgreaterdevelopmentintheMingandQingdynasties.IntheMingDynastyalotofgenrescameintobeingandnumerousbooksonmartialartswerepublisheD.IntheQingDynastytherulingempirebannedthepracticeofmartialartsandthepeoplehadtosetupvariousclubsorsocietiestopassontheskillsinsecret.TodaykungfucontinuestobepracticedbymanypeopleforthepurposeofkeepingfitorimprovingbodyimagE.28.Accordingtothetext___________wasanimportantpartofthedevelopmentofkungfuinancienttimes.A.huntingB.dancingC.singingD.fighting29.DuringtheShangandZhoudynastieskungfuwasusedto__________.A.promotethenationaleconomyB.keephealthyandimprovebodyimageC.trainsoldiersandinspiretheirmoraleD.fightbigwildanimals30.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.TheproductionofswordsreachedthehighestpointduringtheTangDynasty.B.KungfuwasperformedbymanypeopleduringtheSongandYuandynasties.C.KungfuhashadagreatimpactonmanyactivitiesinSoutheastAsiA.D.TheTangdynastywitnessedtheclimaxofkungfudevelopment.31.HowdidkungfuevolveintheMingDynasty?A.Theemperorsetupmanyorganizationstopromotekungfu.B.Variousgenresappearedandbookswerepublishedaboutkungfu.C.Kungfubecametheonlyperformanceatcourtparties.D.Peoplemadealivingaskungfuperformersalloverthecountry.

Alibaba’sfinancearmhasshownapaymentservicethatwillallowvirtualrealityshopperstopayforthingsinfuturejustbynoddingtheirheads.VRPaythenewpaymentsystemispartofAlibaba’seffortstocapitalizeonthelatesttechnologyinonlineshopping.In2015forexampleitintroducedafacialrecognitiontechnologyforAlipaymobilepaymentsserviceadvertisedaspaywithaselfie自拍.TheVRpaymenttechnologymeanspeopleusingvirtualrealitygogglesforpayment.WiththisyouwillneverneedtotakeoutyourphonE.Useridentitycanbeverified验证onVRPayviavoiceprinttechnologythatrecogniseseachperson’suniquevoicE.LinsaidthiswasthemostconvenientmethodinaVRsettingcomparedwithotherrecognitiontechnologies.Butpasswordswillstillbeneededforauthentication证明whichtheusercanalsoenterwithheadmovementstouchorbystaringatapointonvirtualdisplayforlongerthan1.5seconds.VRpayisexpectedtobereadyforcommerciallaunchsoon.ThenewVR-basedpaymentsystemcanmakeVRatoolratherthanjustatoybyconnectingvariousVRgogglemakersandappdeveloperstotheAlipaypaymentsplatform.AntFinancialServicesGroupwhichdisplayedVRPayinShenzhenonWednesdayoperatesChina’slargestonlinepaymentsservicewithmorethan450millionusers.InSeptemberitboughtUScompanyEyeVerifyamakerofoptical视觉的verification验证technologyusedbyUSbanksincludingWellsFargo.32.WhatcanvirtualrealityshoppersdowiththehelpofVRpay?A.Buythingsatlowerprices.B.Payforgoodsbynodding.C.Findwhatevertheywanttobuy.D.Communicatewithsellerseasily.33.What’sthekeyfeatureofVRPayA.It’sveryeasytooperatE.B.Itdoesn’tneedanypasswords.C.Itusesafacialrecognitiontechnology.D.Itneedn’tbeconnectedwithotherdevices.34.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.VRpaywillbeusedinbusiness.B.VRPaywasoriginallyatoyratherthanatool.C.VRPayisChina’slargestonlinepaymentsservicE.D.TheAlipaypaymentsplatformwillbeoutofservicE.35.Themainpurposeofthetextisto______.A.debateB.persuadeC.introduceD.entertain

SpecialtreesthatgrowfasterfightpollutionproducebetterwoodandevensensechemicalattacksarebeingplantedbyscientistsintheUS.When40percentofHawaii'sUS$14million-a-yearpapaya木瓜industrywasdestroyedbyavirusfiveyearsagoworkbeganoncreatinggeneticallyengineered转基因的trees.Researcherssuccessfullyintroducedseedsthatweredesignedtoresistthevirus.Sincethenmoreandmorepeoplehavebeentestinggeneticallyengineeredtrees.SomeresearchersputspecialbacteriaintotreestohelpthemgrowfasterandproducebetterwooD.Othersaretryingtocreatetreesthatcancleanpollutedsoil.Meanwhilefruitfarmersarelookingfortreesthatarestrongenoughtoresistwormsandpapercompanieswanttreesthatproducemorewoodandthereforemorepaper.ThePentagon五角大楼evengavetheresearchersUS$500000thisyearaftertheydevelopedapinetreethatchangesitscoloursifitsensesachemicalattack..Sofarthepoplareucalyptus杨树与桉树appleandcoffeetreesareamongthosebeingengineereD.Allthiscanbedonetodaybecausewehaveabetterunderstandingoftreegenomes基因组.Howeversomepeoplefearthatthegeneticallyengineeredtreeswillcausedangerousresults.Theyareworriedthatthenewtreeswillbreedwithnaturalspeciesandchangethebalanceoftheforestenvironment.ItcouldbedestructivesaidJimDiamondanenvironmentalist.Treesarewhatisleftofournaturalenvironmentandhometomanyendangeredspecies.Butresearchersinsistthatsciencecouldgivenatureafightingchanceagainstbothnaturalandman-madedangers.TheyhopetoanswerthecriticsbystoppingthenewtreesfrombreedingsotheireffectontheenvironmentcanbecontrolleD.WhattreesareNOTtheonesthatscientistsareplantingintheUS?A.Treesthatwormscan'thurt.B.Treesthatcanprotectthemselvesatachemicalattack.C.Treesthatcanresistwindbetter.D.Treesthatcanimprovesoilconditions.WhatcausedtheAmericanscientiststoworkonspecialtrees?A.Theythinksciencecouldgivenatureafightingchanceagainstbothnaturalandman-madedangers.B.Greatnumbersoftreeshavebeenlostduetoattacksbyviruses.C.Researcherssuccessfullyintroducedseedsdesignedtoresistthevirus.D.Treegenomesaremappedoutsoscientistsknowhowtoimprovetrees.Whichofthefollowingwasprobablythefirstkindoftreesbeingengineered?A.PapayA.B.PinE.C.ApplE.D.Poplar.Thebesttitleofthepassageis.A.TheimprovementofenvironmentB.Theside-effectsofspecialtreesC.ThedevelopmentofspecialtreesD.theprogramofgeneticallyengineeredtrees

A.blackholeiscreatedwhenalargestarburnsout.Likeoursunstarsareunbelievablyhotfurnaces熔炉thatburntheirownmatterasfuel.WhenmostofthefuelisusedupthestarbeginstodiE.Thedeathofastarisnotaquietevent.Firstthereisahugeexplosion.Asitsouterlayerisblastedoffintospacethedyingstarshinesasbrightlyasabillionsuns.Aftertheexplosiongravitypullsinwhat’sleftofthestar.Astheoutsideofthestarsinkstowardthecenterthestargetssmallerandsmaller.Thematerialthestarismadeofbecomestightlypackedtogether.A.starissodensethatateaspoonofmatterfromitweighsbillionofpounds.Themorethestarshrinksthestrongerthegravityinsideitbecomes.Soonthestarisverytinyandthegravitypullingitinisunbelievablystrong.Infactthegravityissostrongthatitevenpullslightintothestar!Sinceallthelightispulledinnonecangoout.Thestarbecomesblackwhenthereisnolight.Thenablackholeisborn!That’swhatweknowaboutblackholes.Whatwedon’tknowisthis:Whathappensinsideablackholeafterthestarhasbeensqueezedintoatinyball?Doesitkeepgettingsmallerandsmallerforever?SuchapossibilityishardtoimaginE.Butiftheblackholedoesn’tkeepshrinkingwhathappenstoit?SomescientiststhinkblackholesarelikedoorwaystoanotherworlD.TheysaythatasthestardisappearsfromouruniverseitgoesintoanotheruniversE.InotherwordsablackholeinouruniversecouldturnintoawhiteholeinadifferentuniversE.Astheblackholeswallowslightthewhiteholeshinesbrightly—somewhereelsE.Butwhere?A.differentplaceperhapsoradifferenttime—manyyearsinthepastorfuturE.Couldyoutravelthroughablackhole?Rightnowno.NothingweknowofcouldgointoablackholewithoutbeingcrusheD.Sofarthetimebeingblackholemustremainamystery.Blackholesareamystery—butthathasn’tstoppedscientistsfromdreamingaboutthem.Onescientistsuggestedthatinthefuturewemightmakeuseofthepowerofblackholes.TheywouldsupplyallofEarth’senergyneedswithplentytosparE.Anotherscientistwonderedifablackholecouldsomedaybeusedtoswallowearthlywaste—asortofhugewastedisposal处理inthesky!Whenthestarbeginstodie______.A.thereisnofuelleftinitB.itsouterlayergoesintospacefirstC.ahugeexplosionwillhappenD.itdoesn’tgiveofflightanylongerWhichofthefollowingdoesn’thelpproduceablackhole?A.Thegravityinsidethestarisverystrong.B.Thelightcan’tgooutofthestar.C.ThestarbecomessmallerandsmallerD.Thedyingstarshinesverybrightly.Theblackhole______.A.continuesbecomingsmallerandsmallerallthetimeB.goesintoanotheruniverseandbecomesawhiteholeC.canpullineverythingweknowofintheworldD.willappearatanotherplaceatadifferenttimeWhat’sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.ANewScientificDiscovery:BlackHolesB.HowDoBlackHolesComeIntoBeing?C.WhatAreBlackHoles?D.TravelThroughA.BlackHole

DYou’veprobablyheardofthebutterflyeffectthatsmallchangesinoneplacecanleadtogreatdamageelsewherE.TheToyStoryIIMade-in-ChinaappearingontheinternetTVscreensandfrontpagesofnewspapersworldwidesinceAugustwasaliveshow.China’sfameastheworld’sfactorywasbadlydamagedthissummerbyasmallbutpowerfulmagnet磁铁andcolorfulpaintsontoys.Matteltheworld’slargesttoycompanyintheUSonAugust14announcedthebiggestrecall召回oftoysinitshistory.Amongtherecalledproductswere17.4milliontoysthathadadesignproblem.TheycontainedasmallpowerfulmagnetthatcouldharmchildrenifitwasswalloweD.Another2.2milliontoyswererecalledbecauseofimpermissiblelevelsoflead铅intheirpaint.AlthoughthedesigningproblemhasnothingtodowithwherethetoysweremadethereportsinthewesternmediaoftherecallstartedtodrawahorriblepictureinmanyAmericanparent’sminds.ThetoyrecallissuefollowedshortlyafterrecallsearlierintheyearofChinese-madepetfoodandtoothpasteandleftusersallovertheworldworriedaboutbuyinganythinglabeled贴上标签Made-in-China.TherecallofthetoysteachesChinesecompaniesthatqualityisextremelyimportant.HowevermanyofthecomplaintsbywesterncountriesaboutChinesegoodsreflectcomplicatedfeelingsaboutthegrowingChineseeconomyculturedifferencesandvariouspoliticalsystems.Howevermorethan100USmultinationalcompaniesfrommanyindustriesincludingBoeingandMicrosoftsignedalettertotheUSCongressonSeptember28tosaynototheproposalagainstChinA.Imposing加强unfairbarrierstotradeinthenameofproductsafetyisnotasolutionthecompanieswrotE.Toysaremadeforchildrentolearnabouttherealityworldandbecomemoremature成熟howevertheChineseversionofToyStoryhelpslotsofadultslearnaboutresponsibilityimportanceofqualityunderstandingcommunicationsandmorE.53.Theauthormentionsthebutterflyeffectatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.explainwhatthebutterflyeffectisB.tellthereaderswhatcausesthebutterflyeffectC.saythatthetoyeffectissimilartothebutterflyeffectD.comparethedifferencesbetweenthebutterflyeffectandthetoyeffect54.Whichofthefollowingarethereasonsmentionedtohavecausedtherecall?A.Thepictureonthetoys.B.Thedesigningproblem.C.Thecolorfulpaintsontoys.D.Thematerialstoysaremadeof.E.Thesmallpowerfulmagnetontoys.A.abeB.bdeC.bceD.acd55.BoeingandMicrosoftsignedalettertotheUSCongressbecause______.A.thegrowingChineseeconomymakesthemafraidB.theChinesecompanieshaverealizedtheimportanceofqualityC.theToyStoryhasmadesomeChinesecompaniessuffergreatlossesD.theythinkit’sunfairtoimposebarriersinthenameofproductsafety56.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.MadeinChinA.B.ButterflyEffect.C.WesternMediA.D.ToyStory.

Playisthebasicbusinessofchildhoodandinrecentyearsresearchhasshownthegreatimpor??tanceofplayinthedevelopmentofahumanbeing.Fromearliestinfancy婴儿everychildneedsopportunityandtherightmaterialsforplayandthemaintoolsofplayaretoys.Themainfunctionoftoysistosuggestencourageandplay.Tosucceedinthistheymustbegoodtoyswhichchildrenwillplaywithoftenandwillcomebacktoagainandagain.Thereforeitisimportanttochoosesuit??abletoysfordifferentstagesofachild’sdevelopment.Inrecentyearsresearchoninfantdevelopmenthasshownthatthestandardachildislikelytoreachwithintherangeofhisinherited遗传的abilitiesislargelydeterminedinthefirstthreeyearsofhislifE.Soababy’sabilitytobenefitfromtherightplaymaterialsshouldnotbeunderestimateD.A.babywhoisencouragedtalkedtoandshownthingsandplayedwithhasthebestchanceofgrowingupsuccessfully.Inthenextstagefromthreetofiveyearsoldcuriosityknowsnobounds.Everytypeofsuitabletoysshouldbemadeavailabletothechildfortryingoutexperimentingandlearningfordiscoveringhisownparticularability:Bricksandjigsaws七巧板andconstructiontoys;paintingscribbling涂鸦andmakingthings;sandandwaterplay;toysforimaginativeandpretendingplay—thefirstso??cialgamesforlearningtoplayandgetonwithothers.Butatthethirdstageofplaydevelopment—fromfivetosevenoreightyearsold—thechildisatschool.Butforafewmoreyearsplayisstillthebestwayoflearningathomeoratschool.Itiseasiertoseewhichtypeoftoysthechildmostenjoys.UntiltheageofsevenoreightplayandworkmeanmuchthesametoachilD.Butoncereadinghasbeenmasteredthenbooksbecomethemainsourceoflearning.Toysarestillinterestingandval??uablewhichleaduptonewhobbiesbuttheirsignificancehaschanged—toachildofnineortenyearsoldtoysandgamesmeanastoadultsrelaxationandfun.1.accordingtothefirstpassageweknowthatasachildgrowsup________.A.heshouldbeallowedtochoosehisowntoysB.heshouldbegiventhesametoysC.heshouldbegivendifferenttoysD.heshouldbegivenfewerandfewertoys2.accordingtothepassagetheabilitiesachildhasinheritedfromhisparents________.A.determinehischaracterB.willnotchangeaftertheageofthreeC.partlydeterminethestandardheislikelytoreachD.toalargeextentdeterminethechoiceoftoys3.Welearnfromthepassagethatachildhasboundlesscuriosity________.A.whenheistwoB.whenheisaroundfourC.whenheissixD.whenheiseight4.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.theimportanceofpre-schooleducationB.theimportanceofschoolingC.theroleofplayinachild’sdevelopmentD.thechoiceoftoysforyoungster

Howoftendoyouuseyourcar?Canyouuseyourcarlessoften?DoyouknowthefollowingfactsintheUK???About50%ofallcarjourneysarejustforfun.??Over80%peoplegotoworkbycar.??25%carjourneysareundertwomiles.??70%carjourneysareunderfivemiles.WALKING&CYCLINGInsteadofusingthecarforshortjourneyswhynotwalkorrideabicycle?Walkingisamostpopularformofexercise—it’shealthyanditcansaveyoumoney.Ifyouworknearbytrywalkingorcyclinginsteadofdriving.WalkingyourchildrentoschoolgivesthemvaluableroadexperiencE.BUSESBuscompaniesareusingnewbuses:somerunonnewfuelswhichproducelesspollution;somehaveeasieraccessfordisabledandoldpeoplE.Therearespecialtrafficlanes行车道tomakebusjourneyseasierandmorereliablE.Sodosomethingtohelpsolvethepollutionproblem—letthebustakeyoutoworkandyourchildrentoschool.TRAINSAllcarjourneyslongorshortcanbehardwork.Forsometripsitiswisertotakethetrain.Leaveyourcarathomeandwalkcycleortakeabustoandfromthestation.TraintravelisfastsafeandcomfortablE.Trainticketsarenotalwaysexpensive;somearequitecheapatdiscount.Thewriterbelievesthat________cangivechildrenvaluableroadexperiencE.A.walkingtoschoolB.travellingbytrainC.takingnewfuelbusesD.havingcarjourneysforfunWhatdoesthewriterthinkoftravellingbytrain?A.Tiring.B.ComfortablE.C.Exciting.D.Awful.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Toadvisepeopletousecarslessoften.B.Toencouragepeopletotravelbytrain.C.Toteachpeoplehowtousethebuses.D.Totellpeopletoobeytrafficrules.

Scientistshavedevised发明awaytodetermineroughlywhereapersonhaslivedusingastrandofhairatechniquethatcouldhelptrackthemovementsofcriminalsuspectsorunidentifiedmurdervictims.Themethodreliesonmeasuringhowchemicalvariationsindrinkingwatershowupinpeople’shair.You’rewhatyoueatanddrinkandthat’srecordedinyourhairsaidThureCerlingageologistattheUniversityofUtah.WhileU.S.dietisrelativelyidentical同一的watersuppliesvary.Thedifferencesresultfromweatherpatterns.ThechemicalcompositionofrainfallchangesslightlyasraincloudsmovE.Mosthydrogenandoxygenatomsinwaterarestablebuttracesofbothelementsarealsopresentasheavierisotopes.Theheaviestrainfallsfirst.AsaresultstormsthatformoverthePacificdeliverheavierwatertoCaliforniathantoUtah.SimilarpatternsexistthroughouttheU.S.Bymeasuringtheproportionofheavierhydrogenandoxygenisotopes同位素alongastrandofhairscientistscanconstructageographictimelinE.Eachinchofhaircorresponds相当toabouttwomonths.Cerling’steamcollectedtapwatersamplesfrom600citiesandconstructedamapoftheregionaldifferences.Theycheckedtheaccuracyofthemapbytesting200hairsamplescollectedfrom65barbershops.Theywereabletoaccuratelyplacethehairsamplesinbroadregionsroughlycorrespondingtothemovementofrainsystems.It’snotgoodforpinpointing精确CerlingsaiD.It’sgoodforeliminatingmanypossibilities.ToldParkalocaldetectivesaidthemethodhashelpedhimlearnmoreaboutanunidentifiedwomanwhoseskeletonwasfoundnearGreatSaltLakE.Thewomanwas5feettall.Policerecovered26bonesaT-shirtandseveralstrandsofhair.WhenParkheardabouttheresearchhegavethehairsamplestotheresearchers.Chemicaltestingshowedthatoverthetwoyearsbeforeherdeathshemovedabouteverytwomonths.ShestayedintheNorthwestalthoughthetestcouldnotbemorespecificthansomewherebetweeneasternOregonandwesternWyoming.It’sstillasubstantialareaParksaidButitnarrowsitwaydownforme.72.Whatisthescientists’newdiscovery?A.One’shairgrowthhastodowiththeamountofwatertheydrink.B.A.person’shairmayrevealwheretheyhaveliveD.C.Hairanalysisaccuratelyidentifiescriminalsuspects.D.Thechemicalcompositionofhairvariesfrompersontoperson.73.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyYou’rewhatyoueatanddrinkLine1ParA.3?A.Foodanddrinkaffectone’spersonalitydevelopment.B.Foodanddrinkpreferencesvarywithindividuals.C.Foodanddrinkleavetracesinone’sbodytissues组织.D.Foodanddrinkaresimilartoone’sexistencE.74.WhatdidCerling’steamproduceintheirresearch?A.A.mapshowingtheregionaldifferencesoftapwater.B.A.collectionofhairsamplesfromvariousbarbershops.C.A.methodtomeasuretheamountofwaterinhumanhair.D.A.chartillustratingthemovementoftherainsystem.75.WhatisthepracticalvalueofCerling’sresearch?A.Ithelpsanalyzethequalityofwaterindifferentregions.B.IthelpsthepolicedeterminewhereacrimeiscommitteD.C.Ithelpsthepolicenarrowdownpossibilitiesindetectivework.D.Ithelpsidentifythedrinkinghabitsofthepersonunderinvestigation.

TimeisaproblemforchildrenstatesanewsreportforanewSwisswatch.Childreninsomecountrieslearntimeslowlybecausetheydon’twearwatchesandparentsdon’treallyknowhowtoteachthemtimE.Thechildrengrowupwiththishandicapandbecomeadults成人—andthencan’tgettoworkontimE.Isthereananswertothisproblem?Ofcourse—it’stheFlikFlakmadebyafamousSwisswatchcompany.TheFlikFlakisbeingmarketedassomethingteachingwatchforchildrenaged4to10.Thewatchitselfdoesnotteachchildrenhowtotelltimeofcourse;itmerelytakestheirimaginationbypresentingthehourhandasabeautifulredgirlnamedFlakandtheminutehandasatallblueboynamedFlik.FlikpointstorelatedblueminutesonthedialwhileFlakpointstoredhournumbers.ThecharactersandcolorscombinedwithparentalhelparesupposedtoteachyoungchildrenhowtotelltimE.Thewatchcomesequippedwithastandardbattery电池andanylonband尼龙表带.PeterLipkintheUnitedStatessalesmanagerfortheFlikFlakcallsitchildproofifitgetsdirtyyoucanthrowthewholewatchinthewashingma??chinE.TheproductisbeingsoldinselectdepartmentstoresinEuropeAsiaandtheUnitedStatesforasuggestedpriceof$25.Parentswhobuythewatchmaydiscoverthatitisonethingtotelltime;it’squiteanotherforthemtobeontimE.1.Fromthenewsreportweknowthat______.A.parentsarepatientwhenteachingchildrentimeB.parentshavelittleideaofhowtoteachchildrentimeC.childrenarelikelytolearntimequicklyD.childrenenjoywearingtheFlikFlakwatch2.Theauthordoesn’tseemtobelieve______.A.childrenwillbeontimeiftheyhavelearnthowtotelltimeB.aFlikFlakcanhelpparentsteachtheirchildrenhowtotelltimeC.theFlikFlakcantakechildren’simaginationD.childrenusuallyhavetroubletellingtimeiftheydon’twearwatches3.TheunderlinedwordhandicapinParA.1meansA.displeasureB.discouragementC.disappointmentD.disadvantage4.TheUnitedStatesalesmanagercallsthenewwatchchildproofbecause______.A.itisdesignedtoteachchildrentobeontimeB.itprovestobeeffectiveinteachingchildrentimeC.itismadesoasnottobeeasilydamagedbychildrenD.itisthechildren’sfavoritewatch

AmericanandBritishresearchershaveprovedthatjudgmentsbasedonhowsomeonelooksareimportant.Theyfoundthatappearancetellsalotaboutyourpersonality.TheresearchersincludedLauraNaumannofSonomaStateUniversityinCaliforniaandSimineVazireofWashingtonUniversityinSaintLouisMissouri.TheywerejoinedbySamGoslingoftheUniversityofTexasatAustinandPeterJ.RentfrowofBritain'sCambridgeUniversity.TheresultsoftheirstudywerepublishedinthePersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletininDecember2009.Thesubjects接受实验者wereaskedtojudgethepersonalityofpeopletheyhadnevermet.Thejudgesexaminedpicturesofonehundredtwenty-threepeoplE.ThepeopleinthephotographshadbeentoldhowtostanD.Theylookedintothecameraswithoutshowingtheirfeelings.ThesamepeoplealsowerephotographedthewaytheythemselveswantedtostanD.ThosewhowantedtosmilecouldsmilE.ThenthejudgesattemptedtodecidewhatthepeoplewerelikE.Theresearcherscomparedthejudges’opinionswiththewaythepeoplewhowerephotographedthoughtofthemselves.Threepeoplewhoknewthoseinthephotographswellalsoprovidedinformationabouttheirpersonalityandbehavior.Thejudgeslookedfortenqualitiesinthepeopleinthepictures.Thequalitiesincludedextroversionhavingaconfidentcharacterandenjoyingthecompanyofotherpeopleandself-esteembeingsatisfiedwithoneself.Thejudgesalsolookedforsignsoflonelinessconscientiousness正义emotionalcontrolandreligiousandpoliticalbeliefs.Theresearcherssaidthejudgescouldidentifysomepersonalitiesevenwhenpeoplewerepicturedincontrolledpositions.Theycouldrecognizepersonalitieslikeextroversionandself-esteem.Butitwashardforthejudgestodecideaboutmostotherpersonalitiesunderthecontrolledconditions.Whenthepeoplesmiledandstoodnaturallyhoweverjudgingtheirpersonalitieswaseasy.Thenthejudges’choiceswerecorrectfornineofthetenpersonalities.ResearcherLauraNaumansaidthatweliveintheworldwherefirstimpressionsareimportant.1.Accordingtothepassagewhowerethejudges?A.Theresearchersofthestudy.B.Thesubjectsinthestudy.C.Parentsandotheradults.D.Peopleinthephotographs.2.Whichofthefollowingqualitiescouldthejudgesidentifyevenwhenpeoplewerepicturedincontrolledpositions?A.ExtroversionB.ReligiousbeliefsC.LonelinessD.Emotionalcontrol3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat____________A.thestudywascarriedoutbyfourresearchersfromAmericA.B.inthestudy126peoplewerephotographedforjudgestodecidetheirpersonalities.C.thePersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletinisanofficialpublication出版物.D.itwashardtorecognizepersonalitieswhenthepeoplewerepicturedwithnaturallooks.4.Whatwilltheauthormostprobablytalkaboutnext?A.Thequalityofthejudges.B.ThepersonalitiesofLauraNauman.C.Signsofemotionalcontrol.D.Thereasonwhyone’sappearanceisimportant.

Professionalfootballershaveworryinglypoorteeththatcouldbeaffectingtheirperformanceonthefootballgroundsaydentists.TheirstudyonplayersateightclubsinEnglandandWalesintheBritishJournalofSportsMedicineshowednearly40utof10hadcavities蛀牙andthatathletesoftenhadworseteeththanthegeneralpopulation.Regularlytakingsugaryfoodsisonepossibleexplanation.ThedentistsfromtheInternationalCentreforEvidence-BasedOralHealthatUniversityCollegeLondonexamined187players'setsofteeth.Theyfound53%haddentalerosion腐蚀45%werebotheredbythestateoftheirteethand7%saiditaffectedtheirabilitytotrainorplay.Around40%hadcavitiescomparedwith30%ofpeopleofasimilarageinthegeneralpopulation.ProfIanNeedlemanoneoftheresearcherssaid:Theseareindividualswhootherwiseinvestsomuchinthemselvessoit’sasurprisingfinding.Therearetwomaingroups-somehaveacatastrophiceffecttheyhaveveryseriousdiseasethatstopsthemintheirtracksandtheycannotplayortrain.Therewillbeothersexperiencingpainaffectingsleeporsensitivityeverytimetheytakeadrink.Atthislevelofathleteevensmalldifferencescanbequitetelling.Nutritionisoneoftheprimarysuspectswithhavingtoomanysugaryoracidicfoodsduringtrainingpotentiallyaccountingforcavitiesanderosion.A.lotofairinthemouthduringexercisecanalsodryitoutsothereislessprotection.Whilethesefindingsareworryingclubsareattachinggreaterimportancetodentalhealthandeducatingtheirplayers.AccordingtoStijinVandenbrouckeheadofmedicineandsportsscienceatWestHamUnitedoralhealthisanareawheremanyathleteshavegreaterproblemsthanthegeneralpopulationandthereareclearbenefitsoforaldiseasepreventionforathletesandclubs.32.Whatdoesthepassagetellusaboutprofessionalfootballersteeth?A.Nearly4outof10playersintheUKsufferfromtoothaches.B.Theyhavebeeninvestedagreatdealbyindividualplayers.C.Manyplayers'poorteethbothertheircareeranddailylifE.D.Britishfootballersteethareexaminedregularly.33.Whatmainlyresultsinprofessionalfootballers'poorteethA.Experiencingtoomuchtraining.B.Eatingfoodwithtoomuchsugar.C.BreathinginlotsofairduringexercisE.D.Havinglittleeducationoforaldiseaseprevention.34.Thesefindingsareworryingclubsbecause____.A.footballersaren’twillingtogiveupsugaryoracidicfoodB.they'vespentmuchontheirplayers'oraldiseasepreventionC.footballershavemoreserioustoothproblemsthanthepublicD.players'oraldiseasemayleadtobadperformanceingames35.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom____.A.adentist'sdiaryB.asportsnewspaperC.amedicinemagazineD.asciencereport

WildanimalsseemtohaveescapedtheIndianOceantsunami海啸addingweighttoideastheypossessasixthsensefordisastersexpertssaidonThursday.SriLankawildlifeofficialshavesaidthegiantwavesthatkilledover24000peoplealongtheIndianOceanisland’scoastseeminglymissedwildbeastswithnodeadanimalsfounD.Noelephantsaredeadnotevenadeadhareorrabbit.Ithinkanimalscansensedisaster.TheyhaveasixthsensE.TheyknowwhenthingsarehappeningH.D.RatnayakedeputydirectorofSriLanka’sWildlifeDepartmentsaidonWednesday.Thewaveswashedfloodwatersupto3km2milesinlandatYalaNationalParkinthesoutheastSriLanka’sbiggestwildlifereserveandhometohundredsofwildelephants.Therehasbeenalotofevidenceaboutdogsbarkingorbirdsmigratingbeforevolcaniceruptionsorearthquakes.ButithasnotbeenprovensaidMatthewvanLieropananimalbehaviourspecialistatJohannesburgZoo.Therehavebeennospecificstudiesbecauseyoucan’treallytestitinalaborfieldsettinghesaiD.Otherauthoritiesagreedwiththisconclusion.Wildlifeseemtobeabletopickupcertainphenomenonespeciallybirds.TherearemanyreportsofbirdsdetectingcomingdisasterssaidCliveWalkerwhohaswrittenseveralbooksonAfricanwildlifE.Animalscertainlyrelyontheknownsensessuchassmellorhearingtoavoiddangersuchaspredators食肉动物.TheideaofananimalsixthsenseisalastingonethattheevidenceonSriLanka’sdamagedcoastislikelytoaddto.Thispassageismainlyabout________.A.thedamagethatwascausedintheIndianOceantsunamiB.whyanimalscansavethemfromnaturaldisastersC.howtoprotectthewildlifewhendisasterhappensD.thedifferentopinionsaboutanimals’naturalpowerWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A.Ithasbeenprovedthatanimalshaveasixthsense.B.Researchhasbeenmadeonthespecialmovementsofanimalsbeforedisasters.C.It’sgenerallyconsideredthatanimalscansensethecomingofdisasters.D.AnimalshavedependedontheknownsensestoescapetheIndianOceantsunami.Whatdoesthetermsixthsenseinthetextmeans?A.Itisthenaturalabilityofanimalsthatcansavethemfromdanger.B.Itistheanimal’simaginationinthebrain.C.Itissomehiddenpowertosayinadvancethatsomethingwillhappen.D.Itisakindofsensethatisthesameassmellorhearing.Whichsectiondoesthetextmostprobablyappearinanewspaper?A.NewsReport.B.Discovery.C.ScienceFiction.D.CulturE.

Howcanyoufindoutwhatisgoingoninsideaperson'sbodywithoutopeningthepatientup?RegularX-rayscanshowalot.CATscanscanshowevenmorE.Theycangivethree-dimensional三维viewofbodyorgans器官.WhatisaCATscan?CATstandsforComputerizedAxialTomography层面X线照相术.ItisaspecialX-raymachinethatgetsa360-degreepictureofasmallareaofapatient'sbody.DoctorsuseX-raystostudyandexaminediseasesandinjurieswithinthebody.X-rayscanfindforeignobjectsinsidethebodyortotakepicturesofsomeorgansinsideifspecialthingsasdyesorspecialliquidsareaddedtotheorganstobeX-rayeD.A.CATscannerhoweverusesabeam光束ofX-raystogiveacross-sectionalviewofaparticularpartofthebody.A.finebeamofX-raysisscannedacrossthebodyandcircledaroundthepatientfrommanydifferentangles角度.A.computeranalyzes分析theinformationfromeachangleandproducesaclearcross-sectionalpictureonthescreen.ThispictureisthenphotographedforlaterusE.Severalcross-sectionstakenoneafteranothercangiveaclearphotooftheentirebodyorofanybodyorgans.ThenewestCATscannerscanevengiveaclearpictureofactivemovingorgansjustasafast-actioncameracanstoptheactiongivingclearpicturesofwhatappearonlymistily模糊totheeyE.Andbecauseofthe360-degreepicturesCATscansshow3-dimensionalviewsoforgansinamannerthatwasonceonlyseenduringsurgeryorautopsyexaminingadeadbody.69.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphsdoctorscanseetheinsideofapatient'sbodyby______.A.givingthepatientanoperationB.checkingbodyorgansC.gettinga360-degreepictureofasmallareaofapatient'sbodyD.examiningtheCATFromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat______.A.thenewestpicturesbecomemoremistyB.manypicturescanbetakenatthesametimeC.theinformationaboutthescannedpatientisnothighlyvaluedD.somepicturesofthescannedpartsofthebodyaredevelopedforfurtherexaminationsinthefutureThebesttitleofthispassagemightbe______.A.ModernX-rayB.Three-dimensionalViewC.Fast-movingCameraD.CATScan

.Lifegetsnoisiereverydayandveryfewpeoplecanbefreefromnoiseofsomesortoranother.Itdoesn'tmatterwhereyoulive--inthemiddleofamoderncityorafarawayvillage--thechancesarethatyou'11bedisturbedbyjetplanestransistorradiosoil-poweredenginesetC.Weseemtobegettingusedtonoisetoo.Somepeoplefeelquitelonelywithoutbackgroundmusicwhilethey'reworking.Scientifictestshaveshownthattotalsilencecanbeaveryfrighteningexperienceforahumanbeing.Howeversomepeopleenjoylisteningtopopmusicwhichisveryloudandthiscandoharmtotheireardrums耳鼓.Thenoiselevelinsomediscosisfarabovetheusualsafetylevelforheavyindustrialareas.Onerecentreportaboutnoiseandconcentration专心suggestedthatalthoughalotofpeoplesaythatanynoisedisturbstheirconcentrationwhatreallyinfluencestheirabilitytoconcentrateisachangeinthelevelofnoisE.Itgoesontosaythatabackgroundnoisewhichdoesn'tchangetoomuchmusicforexamplemayevenhelppeopletoconcentratE.56.Accordingtothispassagethenoisepollution__A.hasbecometheworstinthecountrysideB.hasbecomebetterinbigcitiesC.hasspreadfromcitiestovillagesD.hasbeencontrolledinmoderncities57.Whatdoesbackgroundmusicreferto?A.Musicplayedwhilepeopleareworking.B.MusicplayedinthebackyarD.C.Noisethatcontinueswhileyou'relisteningtoothernoises.D.MusicusedtohelppeopletoconcentratE.58.Somepeoplehavetheirhearingharmed__A.whilelisteningtopopmusicB.incompletesilenceC.whenspeakingloudlyD.whilewatchingTV59.Whichofthefollowingisn'tincludedamongthethingscausingnoise?A.trucksB.motorcyclesC.electricenginesD.jetplanes60.ScientistshavediscoveredthatwhatpreventspeoplefromconcentratingonsomethingisA.allkindsofnoiseB.greatchangesinthelevelofnoiseC.backgroundnoiseD.popularmusic

ScientistssaythewarmingoftheEarth’satmospherehasbeguntoaffectplantandanimallifearoundtheworlD.ScientistsfromtheUniversityofHanoverinGermanyreportedtheirfindingsinNaturE.Theysayglobalwarmingisaffectingendangeredspeciessealifeandthechangeinseasonalactivitiesoforganisms.Globalwarmingiscausedbycarbondioxideandotherheat-trappinggasesintheatmospherE.StudiesshowthattheEarth’sclimatehaswarmedbyaboutsixtenthsofonedegreeCelsiusduringthepastonehundredyears.Mostoftheincreasehastakenplaceinthelastthirtyyears.Germanscientistshavestudieddifferentanimalandplantpopulationaroundtheworldduringthepastthirtyyears.Theysaysomespecieswilldisappearbecausetheycannotmovetonewareaswhentheirhomeclimategetstoowarm.Thescientistssayoneofthebiggestsignsofclimatechangehasbeentheworldwidedecreaseincoralreefs.Risingtemperaturesintheworld’swarmoceanwatershavecausedcoraltolosecoloranddiE.Inthecoldestareasoftheworldwinterfreezingperiodsarenowhappeninglaterandendingearlier.Researcherssaythesechangesarehavingsevereeffectsonanimalssuchaspenguinssealsandpolarbears.Changesintemperatureandwetnessintheaircanalsoaffectthereproduction繁殖ofsomereptiles爬行动物andamphibians两栖动物.ForexamplethesexofbabyturtlesislinkedtotheaveragetemperatureinJuly.Scientistssayevensmalltemperatureincreasescanthreatentheproductionofmaleturtles.InEuropescientistssaywarmertemperaturesareaffectingthespringandautumnseasons.Thisisaffectingthegrowthofplantsanddelayingtheflightofbirdsfromoneplacetoanother.Scientistsareconcernedaboutinvasionsofwarmweatherspeciesintotraditionallycolderareas.RisingtemperaturehasbeenlinkedwiththespreadofdiseasesinareassuchasAsiaEastAfricaandLatinAmericA.44.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe__________.A.EffectsofGlobalWarmingB.TemperatureandAnimalsC.GlobalWarmingandtheEnvironmentD.A.StudyontheEnvironment45.AccordingtothepassageglobalwarmingisaffectingallofthefollowingEXCEPT_________.A.endangeredspeciesB.sealifeC.activitiesoforganismsD.thecolorofturtles46.Wecanlearnfromthispassagethat_________.A.thespeedoftheearth’swarmingisfasternowthan50yearsagoB.moreanimalspecieswillsooncomeintobeingC.animalswillrefusetomovetowarmplacesinthefutureD.coldareashavegainedmoreheatthanwarmplaces47.IfthetemperatureintheArcticOceankeepsgoingupwhichofthefollowingwillbemostlikelytohappen?A.MoreandmorepeoplewillcometoliveneartheArcticOcean.B.MorecropswillbegrownneartheArcticOcean.C.AnimalsfromwarmareaswillcometoliveintheArcticOcean.D.TherewillbemoreandmorefishintheArcticOcean.

ETheearthisgettingwarmer.Theplanetissuffering.Butwhatcanyoudoaboutit?ReducetheamountofwasteyougeneratE.Usecleanerenergysourcesandgogreenertodaystartingwiththesesteps:1.GetareusablewaterbottleAmericansbuyabout25billionsingle-servingplasticwaterbottleseachyear.That'sanaverageof83bottlesperpersonperyear.PlasticbottlestakeplentyofresourcestoproduceincludingfuelfortransportationandpetroleumtomaketheplastiC.Evenrecyclingbottlesusesenergy.2.EatlessmeatYoudon'tneedtobecomeavegetariantohelpsavetheplanet.Eatingmeatjustonedaylessaweekcanreduceyournegativeimpactontheenvironment.Morewaterenergyandlandarerequiredtoproducemeatthantoproducegrain.3.Switchtoenergy-efficientlightbulbsMosthouseholdsusestandardincandescent白炽的bulbs.Butcompactfluorescent荧光的lightbulbsorCFLsuse66percentlessenergythanstandardbulbsproducejustasmuchlightlastupto10timeslongeranddon'tneedtobereplacedasoften.IfeveryhouseholdintheUnitedStatesreplacedjustoneincandescentlightbulbwithaCFLbulbitwouldequalremovingonemillioncarsfromtheroaD.4.BuyorganicandlocalfoodDidyouknowthatonly1percentofpesticides杀虫剂appliedtocropsreachthepeststheytarget?Therestentertheenvironment.Organicfoodisgrownwithouttheuseofpesticides.Organicfarmingcanuse50percentlessenergythantraditionalfarmingmethods.BuyinglocalfoodsavesonthefuelusedtotransportfoodgrownelsewherethousandsofmilesacrossthecountryoraroundtheworlD.5.RecycleyourelectronicsEveryoneknowstheimportanceofrecyclingglassandplasticbutwhataboutcellphonescomputersCDsandbatteries?Electronicsareresponsibleforabout40percentoftoxic有毒的heavymetalssuchasleadandmercury.Checkwithyourcity'srecyclingfacilitiestoseeiftheytakeelectronics.72.Thereadersofthispassagearecalledonto______.A.helpreduceglobalwarmingB.usewaterinawisewayC.donatemoneyforcharityD.keepabalanceddiet73.WhatisanadvantageofCFLsaccordingtothepassage?A.Theyusemoreenergybutproducemorelight.B.Theycanlastlongersodon'tneedtobereplacedoften.C.Theycostlessthanstandardincandescentbulbs.D.Theyareasenergy-efficientasincandescentbulbs.74.Whichofthefollowingfiguresiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?A.EveryyearanAmericanbuys63plasticwaterbottlesonaveragE.B.Eatingmeatonedaylessaweekhelpscutenvironmentcosts.C.99ofthepesticidesusedoncropsiseffectiveinpracticE.D.Electronicsaccountforhalfofpoisonousheavymetalsontheearth.75.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Whyistheearthgettingwarmer?B.Whatcanwedoaboutpollution?C.Howcanyouleadagreenerlife?D.Whoistoblameforglobalwarming?

A.damisaman-madestructurebuiltacrossariver.Mostdamsarebuilttocontrolariver’swaterflowimprovenavigationandcontrolflooding.Howeversomedamsarebuilttoproducehydro-electricpower.Hydro-electricpowerisproducedaswaterpassesthroughadamandintoariverbelow.ThemorewaterthatpassesthroughadamthemoreenergyisproduceD.Onceadamisbuiltaman-madelakeiscreatedbehindthedam.Electricityisproducedbyakindofequipmentcalledaturbine水轮机.Turbinescontainmetalcoils线圈surroundedbymagnets磁铁.WhenthemagnetsmoveroundrapidlyoverthemetalcoilselectricityisproduceD.Turbinesarelocatedinsidedams.Thefallingwatermakesthemagnetsgoaroundthecoils.Damsprovidecleanenergybuttheycanalsoharmtheenvironment.Speciesthatuseriverstoreproduceareoftenhurtbydams.IntheNorthwestoftheUSthepopulationoffisheshasdroppedfrom16millionto2.5millionsincehydro-electricplantswerebuiltontheColumbiaRiver.Damsallovertheworldhavehurtsomespecies.ThehighestdamintheUnitesStatesislocatednearOrovilleCaliforniA.TheOrovilleDamtowers230metersandismorethanamilewidE.Thisdamwasbuiltin196822yearsaftertheHooverDam.TheHooverDamontheNevada-ArizonabordercontrolstheColoradoriver.Itis221metershighandhas2.6millionhectare-metersofwater.ThehighestdamintheworldistheNurekDamontheVakhshRiverinTadzikistanacountryincentralAsiA.Thisdamis300meterstall.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Somedamsarebuiltforcontrollingariver’swaterflow.B.Hydro-electricpowerisusuallyproducedthroughadam.C.Damscanofferenergyandtheyareharmlesstotheenvironment.D.Generallyspeakingwherethereisadamthereisaman-madelakE.Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsus_____.56-60ADBA.howhydro-electricpowerisproducedB.WhataturbineisandhowitworksC.howthemagnetsandthemetalcoilsworkD.howthefallingwaterpassesthroughaturbineThedamwhichcontrolstheColoradoriveris____.A.theOrovilleDamB.theHooverDamC.theNurekDamD.theVakhshDam

Accordingtothedictionarydefinitionofcreateordinarypeoplearecreativeeveryday.Tocreatemeanstobringintobeingtocausetoexistsomethingeachofusdoesdaily.Wearecreativewheneverwelookatorthinkaboutsomethinginanewway.Firstthisincludesanawareness意识ofoursurroundings.ItmeansusingallofoursensestobecomeawareofourworlD.Thismaybeassimpleasbeingawareofcolorandtexture质地aswellastastewhenweplanameal.Aboveallitistheabilitytonoticethingsthatothersmightmiss.A.secondpartofcreativityisanabilitytoseerelationshipsamongthings.IfwebelievetheexpressionThereisnothingnewunderthesunthecreativityisremakingorrecombining重组theoldinnewways.Forexamplewemightdothisbyfindingamoreeffectivewaytostudyorabetterwaytoarrangeourfurnitureorwemightmakeanewcombinationofcameralensesandfilterstocreateanunusualphotograph.A.thirdpartofcreativityisthecourageanddrivetomakeuseofournewideastoaskforthemtoachievesomenewresults.Tothinkupanewideaisonething;toputtheideatoworkisanother.Thesethreepartsofcreativityareincludedinallthegreatworksofgeniusesbuttheyarealsoincludedinmanyofourday-to-dayactivities.WhichofthefollowingactivitiesisNOTacreativeoneaccordingtothepassage?A.Toprepareforameal.B.Toarrangethefurnitureinaspecialway.C.TobuysomebooksfromabookstorE.D.Towritealetterwiththecomputer..Thereisnothingnewunderthesunreallyimpliesthat_________.A.anewthingcanonlybecreatedatthebasisofearliestthingsB.anewthingisonlyataleC.wecanseldomcreatenewthingsD.wecanhardlyseereallynewthingsintheworldWhatdoestheauthorthinkabouttherelationshipbetweenanewthoughtanditsbeingputintopractice?A.It’smoredifficulttocreateanewthoughtthantouseitinpracticE.B.Tofindanewthoughtwillclearlyleadtotheproductionofanewthing.C.Amanwithanexcellentabilityofpracticecaneasilybecomeaninventor.D.OnemaycomeupwithanewthoughtbutcannotputitintopracticE.Thebesttitleforthispassageis__________.A.HowtoDevelopOne’sCreativityB.WhatIsCreativityC.TheImportanceofCreativityD.CreativityaNotFarawayThing

第三部分:阅读理解共20小题每小题2分满分40分阅读下列短文从每题所给的四个选项A.B.C和D中选出最佳选项AA.lotofmanagementtrainingeachyearforCircleKCorporationanationalchainofconveniencestores.Amongthetopicsweaddressinourcourseistheretention保护力ofqualityemployees-arealchallengetomanagerswhenyouconsiderthepayscale标准intheserviceindustry.DuringthesediscussionsIasktheparticipants参加者Whathascausedyoutostaylongenoughtobecomeamanager?SometimebackanewmanagertookthequestionandslowlywithhervoicealmostbreakingsaidItwasa＄19baseballglovE.CynthiatoldthegroupthatsheoriginallytookaCircleKclerkjobasaninterim临时的positionwhileshelookedforsomethingbetter.Onhersecondorthirddaybehindthecountershereceivedaphonecallfromhernine-year-oldsonJessiE.HeneededabaseballgloveforLittleLeaguE.Sheexplainedthatasasinglemothermoneywasverytightandherfirstcheckwouldhavetogoforpayingbills.Perhapsshecouldbuyhisbaseballglovewithhersecondorthirdcheck.WhenCynthiaarrivedforworkthenextmorningPatriciathestoremanageraskedhertocometothesmallroominthebackofthestorethatservedasanofficE.CynthiawonderedifshehaddonesomethingwrongorleftsomepartofherjobincompletefromthedaybeforE.ShewasconcernedandconfuseD.Patriciahandedherabox.IoverheardyoutalkingtoyoursonyesterdayshesaidandIknowthatitishardtoexplainthingstokids.ThisisabaseballgloveforJessiebecausehemaynotunderstandhowimportantheiseventhoughyouhavetopaybillsbeforeyoucanbuygloves.Youknowwecan’tpaygoodpeoplelikeyouasmuchaswewouldliketo;butwedocareandIwantyoutoknowyouareimportanttous.Thethoughtfulnessempathyandloveofthisconveniencestoremanagerdemonstratesvividlythatpeopleremembermorehowmuchanemployercaresthanhowmuchtheemployerpays.AnimportantlessonforthepriceofaLittleLeaguebaseballglovE.56.Amongmanyoftheproblemsintheserviceindustrywhatistalkedaboutinthispassageis___A.howtoensurehisemployees’highpayB.howtoattractmorecustomersC.howtolookcarefullyaftertheemployeesD.howtokeepthegoodemployeesfromleaving57.AlthoughanewmanagerCynthiawoulddoherjobwellinkeepingqualityemployeesbecauseshe________.A.hadmasteredallthecoursesforthemanagerB.hadalreadyformedgoodrelationshipwiththeemployeesC.knowthewayhowtodealwithheremployeesD.hadherownpersonalexperience58.Thispassageshowsusthattorunabusinesswellitisnecessaryformanagerstolettheiremployeesknow________A.howmuchtheycangetfortheirjoB.B.whatgoodpositionstheycangetlaterC.theyareverynecessarytothebusinessD.theyareniceaswellasuseful59.Thestorytoldinthispassagetellsusthatemployeescareabout____________A.onlyhowlargeapaytheycangetB.lovefromthemanagingpeopleratherthanonlymoneyC.iftheirchildrencouldbeproperlytakencareofD.whatpositiontheycanbeoffered

IthasbeenshowedthatteachersinUKschoolsaretryingtheuseofbodycamerasinclasstorecordbadpupil'sbehavior.AtleasttwoschoolsinEnglandhaveintroducedtheequipmentforconstantrecordingwiththeagreementoflocaleducationauthorities.Thecameraswornonteachers’clothingaresettofilmallthetimebutonlysaveencryptedfootage加密镜头whentherecordbuttonispressedtheTimesreporteD.Teachersareadvisedtoturnonthecamerasduringincidentsintheclassroomtodealwithconstantlow-levelinterruptionbutmustgivenoticebeforedoingso.Thetechnologyisalreadyusedbypoliceandsomehospitalstaffaswellascrossing-patrolofficers.Footagecouldalsobesharedwithparentstoinvolvetheminaddressingtheirchildren’sbehavior.Feedbackfromparentsandschoolswassaidtobepositivewithteacherspraisingthemasaneffectivedeterrent震慑.AsurveypublishedonWednesdayquestioningteachersontheideafoundmorethanathirdwouldbewillingtowearabodycameraintheclassroomwithmanywantingthetechnologyavailabletohelpfightwithbadbehaviorfrompupils.Ofthepeoplewhosaidtheywereinfavorabout31.6percentsaidtheyweremotivatedbyteacherandstudentsafety.Amongthosewhowerenotwillingtousethetechnologyreasonsincludedconcernsabouttheirownprivacyandthatofthechildrenaswellasfeelingspiedonorthepossibilityofmisusebymanagement.Aroundtwo-thirdsoftheteachersmorethan600intotalsaidtheyfeelsaferintheclassroomiftheyknewtherewasacamerarecordingeverythingwhile10.9percentsaidtheycouldforeseeatimewhenbodycamsarecompulsory.MaryBoustedgeneralsecretaryattheAssociationofTeachersandLecturesATLsaidallschoolsshouldbesafeplacesforpupilsandstaff.9.Ifateacherwantstosavetherecordforlateruseheshould_____________.A.givefirstnoticeB.presstherecordbuttonC.filmwiththecameraallthetimeD.askforthepermissionofthestudents10.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.SomepeopleagreewiththeideA.B.NoneoftheparentssupporttheideA.C.Studentsarenotworriedabouttheirprivatethings.D.Allschoolshavebeensafeaboutforteachersandstudents.11.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheUseofBodyCamerasinClassB.Parents’ReactionstoUsingCamerasC.HowtoRecordStudents’GoodBehaviorD.TheAdvantagesandDisadvantagesofTakingPhotos

Everyyearmorepeoplerecognizethatitiswrongtokillwildlifeforsport.Progressinthisdirectionisslowbecauseshootingisnotasportforwatchingandonlythosefewwhotakepartrealizethecrueltyanddestruction.Thenumberofgunnershowevergrowsrapidly.Childrentooyoungtodevelopproperjudgmentsthroughindependentthoughtareledalongwayawaybytheirgunningparents.Theyaresubjectedtoadvertisementsofgunproducerswhodescribeshootingasgoodfortheirhealthandguncarryingasawayofputtingredderbloodintheveins血管.Theyarepersuadedbygunnermagazineswithstorieshonoringthechaseandthekill.Inschooltheyviewmotionpictureswhicharesupposedlymeanttoteachthemhowtodealwitharmssafelybutwhichareactuallydesignedtostimulate刺激adesiretoownagun.Wildlifeisdisappearingbecauseofshootingandbecauseofthelossofwildlandhabitat栖息地.Habitatlosswillcontinuewithourincreasingpopulationbutcanweslowthelossofwildlifecausedbyshooting?Theredoesn'tseemtobeanychanceiftheseriousconditionofourbirdsisnotimproveD.WildlifebelongstoeveryoneandnottothegunnersalonE.Althoughmostpeopledonotshoottheyseemtoforgiveshootingforsportbecausetheyknowlittleornothingaboutit.TheonlyanswerthenistobringthetruthaboutsportshootingtothegreatmajorityofpeoplE.Nowitistimetorealizethatanimalshavethesamerighttolifeaswedoandthatthereisnothingfairorrightaboutapersonwithagunshootingtheharmlessandbeautifulcreatures.Thegunnersliketodescribewhattheydoascharacter-buildingbutweknowthattowoundananimalandwatchitgothroughtheagonyofdyingcanmakenobodyhappy.Ifastheywouldhaveyoubelievegun-carryingandkillingimprovehuman-characterthenperhapsweshouldencouragewar.Accordingtothetextmostpeopledonotseemtobeagainsthuntingbecause___________.A.theyhavelittleknowledgeofitB.ithelpstobuildhumancharacterC.itistoocostlytostopkillingwildlifeD.theywanttokeepwildlifeundercontrolTheunderlinedwordagonyinthelastparagraphprobablymeans______________.A.formB.ConditionC.painD.sadnessAccordingtothetextthefilmschildrenwatchatschoolactually__________.A.teachthemhowtodealwithgunssafelyB.praisehuntingascharacter-buildingC.describehuntingasanexerciseD.encouragethemtohavegunsoftheirownItcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheauthorseemsto_____________.A.blamethemajorityofpeopleB.worryabouttheexistenceofwildlifeC.beinfavourofwarD.beinsupportofcharacter-building

Whileparentsparticularlymothershavealwaysbeenattachedtotheirinfants婴儿societalconditionsfrequentlymadethisattachmentdifficulttomaintain保持.Firstofallthehighinfantdeathrateinthepremoderntimesmeantthatsuchattachmentsoftenendedinhopelessness.PerhapstopreventthesadnessthatinfantdeathcausedanumberofsocietalpracticesdevelopedwhichworkedagainstearlyattachmentofmotherandchilD.Oneofthesepremodernattachment-discouragingpracticeswastoleaveinfantsunnameduntiltheyhadsurvivedintothesecondyear.Anotherpracticethatdiscouragedmaternal母亲的attachmentwastightlywrapping包裹infants.Wrappingeffectivelypreventedtheclosephysicalinteractionslikestroking抚摸andkissingthataresomuchapartofmodernmothers'andfathers'affectionfortheirinfants.A.thirdpracticewhichhadthesamedistancingeffectwaswet-nursing.Breast-feeding母乳哺育wasnotpopularamongthewell-to-dointheearlymoderntimes;infantswereoftenfedbywetnurseshiredforthepurposE.Insomeplacessuchasnineteenth-centuryFrancecityinfantsweresenttowetnursesinthecountry.Oftenawetnursewouldfeedherownchildfirstleavinglittlemilkforthecityinfant—whoinmanycasesdieD.InRouenthedeathrateforchildrensenttoawetnursewas35percent.68.Babieswereunnameduntiltheyweretwosothat_______.A.anoldsocialcustomcouldbekeptupB.maternalattachmentcouldbemaintainedC.theycouldhavebetterchancestosurviveD.theirparentswouldnotbetoosadiftheydied69.Whywerebabieswrapped?A.ToprotectthemfromthecolD.B.Todistancetheirmothersfromthem.C.TomakethemfeelmorecomfortablE.D.Tomakeiteasyfortheirmotherstoholdthem.70.Wetnurseswerewomenwho________.A.babysatcityinfantsB.fedbabiesofotherfamiliesC.senttheirbabiestothecountryD.failedtolookaftertheirbabies71.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.SocietalConditionsinPremodernTimesB.PracticesofReducingMaternalAttachmentC.PoorHealthServiceandHighInfantDeathRateD.DifferencesbetweenModemandPremodernParents

TheNobelPrizewasfoundedbyAlfredNobel.Since1901ithasbeenhonoringmenandwomenfromallcornersoftheglobeforoutstandingachievementsinphysicschemistrymedicineliteratureandforworkinpeacE.AlfredNobelwasborninStockholmSwedenonOctober211833.Hewasveryinterestedinsocialandpeace­relatedissues.Afterinventingdynamite炸药Swedish­bornAlfredNobelbecameaveryrichman.HoweverheforesawitsuniversallydestructivepowerstoolatE.Nobelpreferrednottoberememberedastheinventorofdynamitesoin1895justtwoweeksbeforehisdeathhecreatedafundtobeusedforawardingprizestopeoplewhohadmadeworthwhilecontributionstomankinD.Originallytherewerefiveawards:literaturephysicschemistrymedicineandpeacE.Economicswasaddedin1968justsixty­sevenyearsafterthefirstawardceremony.Nobel'soriginallegacy遗产ofninemilliondollarswasinvestedandtheinterestonthissumisusedfortheawardswhichvaryfromD|S30000toD|S125000.EveryyearonDecember10theanniversaryofNobel'sdeaththeawardsgoldmedalilluminateddiplomaandmoneyarepresentedtothewinners.Sometimespoliticsplaysanimportantroleinthejudge'sdecision.Americanshavewonnumerousscienceawardsbutrelativelyfewliterature文学prizes.Noawardswerepresentedfrom1940to1942atthebeginningofWorldWarⅡ.Somepeoplehavewontwoprizesbutthisisrareothershavesharedprizes.13.WhywastheNobelPrizeestablished?A.Torecognizeworthwhilecontributionstohumanity.B.Toresolvepoliticaldifferences.C.TohonortheinventorofdynamitE.D.Tospendmoney.14.InwhichareahaveAmericansreceivedthemostawards?A.LiteratureB.PeacE.C.Economics.D.SciencE.15.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.AwardsvaryinmonetaryvaluE.B.CeremoniesareheldoneDecember10tocommemorateNobel'sinvention.C.Politicscanplayanimportantroleinselectingthewinners.D.Afewindividualshavewontwoawards.

BDoesadrinkadaykeepheartattacksaway?Overthepast20yearsnumerousstudieshavefoundthatmoderatealcoholconsumptionsayoneortwobeersglassesofwineorcocktailsdailyhelpstopreventcoronaryheartdiseasE.LastweekareportintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicineaddedstrongnewevidenceinsupportofthattheory.Moreimportanttheworkprovidedthefirstsolidindicationofhowalcoholworkstoprotecttheheart.InthestudyresearchersfromBoston’sBrighamandWomen’sHospitalandHarvadMedicalSchoolcomparedthedrinkinghabitsof340menandwomenwhohadsufferedrecentheartattackwiththoseofhealthypeopleofthesameageandsex.ThescientistsfoundthatpeoplewhosiponetothreedrinksadayareabouthalfaslikelytosufferheartattacksasnondrinkersarE.Theapparentsourceoftheprotection:thosewhodrankalcoholhadhigherbloodlevelsofhighdensitylipoproteins脂蛋白thesocalledgoodcholesterol胆固醇whichisknowntopreventheartdiseasE.Asevidencehasmounted增长somedoctorshavebegunrecommendingadailydrinkforpatientsofheartdiseases.ButmostphysiciansarenotreadytorecommendaregularhappyhourforeveryonE.Therisksofteetotalling绝对戒酒arenothingcomparedwiththedangersoftoomuchalcoholincludinghighbloodpressurestrokesandlivertroubles---nottomentionviolentbehaviorandtrafficaccident.Moreoversomestudiessuggestthatevenmoderatedrinkingmayincreasetheincidenceofbreastandcoloncancer.Untilthereisevidencethatthebenefitsofadailydose吸收剂量ofalcoholoutweightherisksmostpeoplewon’tbeabletotakeadoctor’sprescriptiontotheneighborhoodbarorliquorstorE.60.Thereportmentionedinthefirstparagraphindicates________.A.thewayinwhichalcoholcanhelptheheart.B.thatacoupleofcocktailsdailycanhelpstopheartproblemsC.whyalcoholicdrinksaredangeroustoone’shealthD.thatreportsontheadvantagesofalcoholweremisled61.Experimentsshowedthatnondrinkershad___________.A.largeramountsofgoodcholesterolB.smalleramountsofgoodcholesterolC.higherbloodpressureD.lowerbloodpressure62.Accordingtothepassagemoderatedrinking_______.A.isrecommendedbymostdoctorsforheartpatientsB.shouldbeallowedonprescriptionC.isstillnotmedicallyadvisableD.isnotrelatedtoliverproblems63.Themainthemeofthispassageis___________.A.thechangeinrecentdrinkinghabitsB.theconnectionbetweencancerandalcoholC.whethermoderatedrinkersoutlivenondrinkersD.whetheralcoholmaybegoodforone’shealth

Seventyyearsagoagroupofwell-knownpeoplefromtheartworldheadedbyanAustrianconductordecidedtoholdaninternationalfestivalofmusicdanceandtheaterinEdinburgh.TheideawastoreuniteEuropeaftertheSecondWorldWar.ItquicklyattractedfamousnamessuchasAlecGuinnessRichardBurtonDameMargotFonteynandMarleneDietrichaswellasthebigsymphonyorchestras交响乐团.ItbecameafixedeventeveryAugustandnowattracts400000peopleyearly.AtthesametimetheFringeappearedasachallengetotheofficialfestival.Eighttheatergroupsturnedupuninvitedin1947inthebeliefthateveryoneshouldhavetherighttoperformandtheydidsoinapublichousedisusedforyears.SoongroupsofstudentsfirstlyfromEdinburghUniversityandlaterfromtheuniversitiesofOxfordandCambridgeDurhamandBirminghamweremakingthejourneytotheScottishcapitaleachsummertoperformtheaterbylittle-knownwritersofplaysinsmallchurchhallstothepeopleofEdinburgh.TodaytheFringeoncelessrecognizedhasfaroutgrownthefestivalwitharound1500performancesoftheatermusicanddanceoneveryoneofthe21daysitlasts.Andyetasearlyas1959withonly19theatergroupsperformingsomesaiditwasgettingtoobig.Apaidadministratorwasfirstemployedonlyin1971andtodaythereareeightadministratorsworkingallyearroundandthenumberrisesto150duringAugustitself.In2004therewere200placeshousing1695showsbyover600differentgroupsfrom50differentcountries.Morethan1.25millionticketsweresolD.28.WhatwasthepurposeofEdinburghFestivalatthebeginning?A.Tointroduceyoungtheatergroups.B.TohonorheroesofWorldWarⅡ.C.ToattractgreatartistsfromEuropE.D.TobringEuropetogetheragain.29.WhydidsomeuninvitedtheatergroupscometoEdinburghin1947?A.TheyownedapublichousetherE.B.Theywantedtotakepartinthefestival.C.Theythoughttheywerealsofamous.D.TheycametotakeupachallengE.30.WhojoinedtheFringeafteritappeared?A.PopularwritersB.ArtistsfromaroundtheworlD.C.Universitystudents.D.PerformersofmusicanddancE.31.WemaylearnfromthetextthatEdinburghFestival______.A.keepsgrowingrapidlyB.hasgonebeyondanartfestivalC.givesshowsallyearroundD.hasbecomeanon-officialevent

What’sthepurposeoftheadvertisement?A.Tointroducesomewildanimalstovisitors.B.Toinvitevisitorstowalkinthewildlifepark.C.Toattractvisitorstogetclosetotheseaanimals.D.Toprovideseafoodforvisitorstofeedtheseaanimals.IfaparentwhoisthememberoftheAquariumisgoingtohavetheTrainerTourwithherchildoftenhowmuchdoesshehavetopay?A.$175B.$140C.$35D.$31Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheadvertisement?A.TheprogramsarechangeablE.B.ThereisnodangertoasmallchilD.C.Youcanphone604—659—FISHtobooktheprograms.D.Biggergroupsofvisitorsareencouragedtosavemoney.

Acrosstheworld1.1billionpeoplehavenoaccesstocleandrinkingwater.Morethan2.5billionpeoplelackbasicsanitation.卫生设备Thecombinationprovesdeadly.Eachyeardiseasesrelatedtoinadequatewaterandsanitationkillbetween2and5millionpeopleandcauseanestimated80percentofallsicknessesinthedevelopingworlD.Safedrinkingwaterisapreconditionforhealthandthefightagainstchilddeathrateinequalitybetweenmenandwomenandpoverty.Considerthesefacts:●TheaveragedistancethatwomeninAfricaandAsiawalktocollectwateris6kilometers.●Only58percentofchildreninsub-SaharanAfricaaredrinkingsafewater.andonly37percentofchildreninSouthAsiahaveaccesstoevenabasictoilet.●EachyearinIndiaalone73millionworkingdaysarelosttowater-bornediseases.Herearethreewaysyoucanhelp:WriteCongressCurrentU.S.foreignaidfordrinkingwaterandsanitationbudgetsonlyonedollarperyearperAmericancitizen.FewmembersofCongresshaveeverreceivedaletterfromvotersaboutcleandrinkingwaterabroaD.Sponsoraprojectwithafaith-basedorganizationManyU.S.religiousgroupsalreadysponsorwaterandsanitationprojectsworkingwithpartnerorganizationsabroaD.SimplyputasingleprojectbyaU.S.organizationcanmakesafewaterarealityforthousandsofpeoplE.SupportnonprofitwaterorganizationsNumerousU.S.-basednonprofitsworkskillfullyabroadincommunity-ledprojectsrelatedtodrinkingwaterandsanitation.Likethesampleofnon-profitsnotedasfollows:someorganizationsarelargeothersmall-scalesomeoperateworldwideothersaredevotedtocertainareasinAfricaAsiaorLatinAmericA.Supportthemgenerously.72.Thethreefactspresentedinthepassageareusedtoillustratethat________.A.povertycanresultinwater-bornediseasesB.peoplehavenoaccesstocleandrinkingwaterC.women’srightsaredeniedinsomedevelopingcountriesD.safedrinkingwatershouldbeaprimaryconcern73.Theintendedreadersofthepassageare________.A.AmericansB.overseassponsorsC.CongressmenD.U.S.-basedwaterorganizations74.Themainpurposeofthepassageistocallonpeopleto_________.A.getridofwater-relateddiseasesindevelopingcountriesB.donatemoneytopeopleshortofwaterthroughreligiousgroupsC.fightagainsttheworldwidewatershortageandsanitationproblemD.takejointactioninsupportofsomenonprofitwaterorganizations75.Whatinformationwillprobablybeprovidedfollowingthelastparagraph?A.A.varietyofcompaniesandtheirworldwideoperation.B.A.listofnonprofitwaterorganizationstomakecontactwith.C.SomewaystogetfinancialaidsfromU.S.Congress.D.A.fewwaterresourcesexploitedbysomeworld-famousorganizations.

WindisthemovementofairfromanareaofhighpressuretoanareaoflowpressurE.InfactwindexistsbecausethesununequallyheatsthesurfaceoftheEarth.Ashotairrisescoolerairmovesintofillthegap.Aslongasthesunshinesthewindwillblow.Andaslongasthewindblowspeoplewillmanageittopowertheirlives.AncientsailorsusedsailstocapturethewindandexploretheworlD.Farmersonceusedwindmillstogrindtheirgrainsandpumpwater.TodaymoreandmorepeopleareusingwindturbinestomakeelectricityfromthebreezE.Overthepastdecadewindturbineusehasincreasedatmorethan25percentayear.Stillitonlyprovidesasmallpartoftheworld'senergy.Mostwindenergycomesfromturbinesthatcanbeastallasa20-storybuildingandhavethree200-foot-long60-meter-longblades.Thesedeviceslooklikegiantairplanepropellers螺桨onastick.Thewindspinsthebladeswhichturnashaftconnectedtoagenerator.Thebiggestwindturbinesgenerateenoughelectricitytosupplyabout600U.S.homes.WindfarmshavetensandsometimeshundredsoftheseturbineslineduptogetherinparticularlywindyspotslikealongaridgE.Smallerturbinessetupinabackyardcanproduceenoughelectricityforasinglehomeorsmallbusiness.Windisacleansourceofrenewableenergythatproducesnoairorwaterpollution.AndsincethewindisfreeoperationalcostsarenearlyzeroonceaturbineiserecteD.Massproductionandtechnologyadvancesaremakingturbinescheaperandmanygovernmentsdecreasetaxtoencouragewind-energydevelopment.SomepeoplethinkwindturbinesareuglyandcomplainaboutthenoisethemachinesmakE.Theslowlyrotatingblades螺旋风片canalsokillbirdsandbatsbutnotnearlyasmanyascarspowerlinesandhigh-risebuildingsdo.Thewindisalsochangeable:Ifit'snotblowingthere'snoelectricitygenerateD.Neverthelessthewindenergyindustryisincreasingsharply.Globallygenerationmorethanquadrupled四倍between2000and2006.Attheendoflastyearglobalcapacitywasmorethan70000megawatts.Intheenergy-hungryUnitedStatesasinglemegawattisenoughelectricitytopowerabout250homes.GermanyhasthemostinstalledwindenergycapacityfollowedbySpaintheUnitedStatesIndiaandDenmark.DevelopmentisalsofastgrowinginFranceandChinA.Industryexpertspredictthatifthispaceofgrowthcontinuesby2050theanswertoonethirdoftheworld'selectricityneedswillbefoundblowinginthewind63.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Therotatingbladescankillasmanybirdsashigh-risebuildingsdoB.Singlefamiliesarenotencouragedtobuildturbines.C.TheUSAproducesmorewindpowerthananyothercountryintheworlD.D.Thenoisetheturbinesmakemaydiscouragepeoplefrombuildingthem.64.Theunderlinedwordgeneratorinthethirdparagraphprobablymeans_______.A.电动机B.发电机C.机翼D.飞机引擎65.IftheUSAwantstobuildwindturbinesinanareawith30000homeshowmanyshouldtheybuildatleast?A.50.B.150.C.250.D.200.66.AllthefollowingaretheadvantagesofwindenergyEXCEPTthat_________.A.itisenvironmentallyfriendlyB.itisfreetobuildandoperateC.thegovernmentsupportsitD.theenergyiscleanandrenewable

IV阅读理解共40分AHuntingwithbirdsisaveryoldsport.Insomecountriesthegoldeneagleisusedforhuntingwildanimals.Theyareusedforhuntingfoxesandwolves.TraininganeagletohunttakesalongtimE.Hunterscatchyoungeaglesinnetsmadeofhair.AfterbeingtrainedtheeagleistakentoafielD.A.blindfoldoverthebird’seyeskeepsitquietuntilthehunterisready.Theeaglesitsinthearmofthehunter.Thehunter’sarmiscoveredwithalongspecialglovetoprotectitfromthesharpclawsofthebirD.InthefieldassoonasthehunterseesafoxorawolfheremovestheblindfolD.Theeaglequicklyfliesintotheairandbegantolookforthewildanimal.Theeagleseestheanimalandcatchesitwithclawslikesteel.Itsbeakandclawsarestrongenoughtoholdtheanimal.Usuallythebirdcarriestheanimalbacktothehunter.Sometimesfastanimalswithgoodeyescangetaway.61.Ahuntingeagleistrainedwhen_________.A.itisstillyoungB.itistakentoafieldC.itseyesarecoveredwithablindfoldD.thehunterisready62.Huntersusenetsmadeofhairto________.A.trainyoungfoxesB.catchyoungwolvesC.trainyoungeaglesD.catchyoungeagles63.Thetrainedeagle_______.A.carriesthehunterhomeB.wearsablindfoldwhenhuntingananimalC.iscoveredwithalongspecialgloveD.hasstrongclawslikesteel64.Ahunterwearsaspecialgloveto_______.A.protecthisarmfromthesharpclawsofatrainedeagleB.protecthisarmfromthesharpclawsofayoungfoxC.protecthisarmfromthesharpclawsofayoungwolfD.protecthisarmfromthesharpclawsofwildanimals65.Accordingtothetextwhichofthefollowingistrue?A.FastanimalswithsharpeyesaresometimesdifficulttocatchB.AssoonastheblindfoldisremovedtheeaglefliesintoatreeC.Huntersalwaysblindfoldyoungeaglesbeforetrainingthem.D.Sometimeshunterstrainyoungfoxestheyhavecaught.

EIntheatmospherE.carbondioxidE.actsratherlikeaone-waymirrorortheglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.Accordingtoaweatherexpert’spredictiontheatmospherewillbe3°Cwarmerintheyear2050thanitistodayifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentratE.Ifthiswarminguptookplacetheicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomeltthusraisingsealevelseveralmetersandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Alsotheincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemispherepossiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth’schieffoodgrowingzones.Inthepastconcernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarcticwhichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarminginotherwordsbyawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.TheevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplacE.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.Howevermostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemispherewheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconcludethereforethatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhavegonebeyondthosecausedbyman.ThequestionisWhichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand‘cold’spotsthatistherelativelylesshotspotsonthesun.Asthesunrotatesevery27.5daysitpresentshotterorcolderfacestotheearthanddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth’satmosphericpressureandconsequentlyonwindcirculation.ThesunisalsochangeableoveralongtermitsheatoutputgoesupanddownincyclesthelatesttrendbeingdownwarD.ScientistsarenowfindingsharedrelationbetweenmodelsofsolarweatherinteractionandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyearsincludingthelastIceAgE.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertia惰性oftheearth’sclimatE.Ifthisisrightthewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulopposedbalancetothesun’sfadingheat.72.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould______.A.meanawarming-upintheArcticB.raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurfaceC.preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurfaceD.explainthecauseofgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere73.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemispheretemperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis_______.A.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerisingB.partlyduetochangesintheoutputofsolarenergyC.possiblybecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremeltingD.onlyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate74.Onthebasisoftheirmodelsscientistsareoftheopinionthat________A.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcoolerB.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffectC.theman.madewarmingeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffectsD.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth’sclimatetotakeeffect75.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect_________A.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphereB.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworkinfavoroftheearthC.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetobummorefuelsD.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxidecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly

Thefirstbreath-takingpicturesoftheEarthtakenfromspaceshoweditasasolidballcoveredbybrownlandmassesandblue-greenoceans.WehadneverseentheEarthfromthatdistancebeforE.TousitappearedasthoughtheEarthhadalwayslookedthatwayandalwayswoulD.ScientistsnowknowhoweverthatthesurfaceoftheEarthisnotaspermanentaswehadthought.Scientistsexplainthatthesurfaceofourplanetisalwaysmoving.ContinentsmovesabouttheEarthlikehugeshipsatseA.TheyfloatonpiecesoftheEarth’souterskin.Newouterskiniscreatedasmeltedrockpushedupfrombelowtheoceanfloor.Oldouterskinisdestroyedasitrollsdownintothehotareaandmeltsagain.Onlysincethe1960shavescientistsreallybegantounderstandthattheplanetEarthisagreatlivingmachinE.Someexpertshavesaidthisnewunderstandingisoneofthemostimportantrevolutionsinscientificthought.Therevolutionisbasedontheworkofscientistswhostudythemovementofthecontinents—asciencecalledplatetectonics.ThemodernstoryofplatetectonicsbeginswiththeGermanscientistAlfredWegener.BeforeWorldWarOneWegenerarguedthatthecontinentshadmovedandwerestillmoving.HesaidtheideafirstoccurredtohimwhenheobservedthatthecoastlinesofSouthAmericaandAfricacouldfittogetherliketwopiecesofapuzzlE.Heproposedthatthetwocontinentsmighthavebeenoneandthensplitapart.Wegenerwasnotthefirstpersontowonderabouttheshapeofthecontinents.About500yearsagoexplorersthoughtaboutitwhentheymadethefirstmapsofAmericas.TheexplorersnotedtheeastcoastofNorthAmericaandSouthAmericawouldfitalmostexactlyintothewestcoastofEuropeandSouthAfricA.WhattheexplorersdidnotdobutWegenerdidwastoinvestigatetheideathatthecontinentsmovE.4.Whatdoesthewritermainlytellusinthepassage?A.Thefirstbreath-takingpicturesoftheEarthtakenfromspacE.B.Human’srecognitionoftheearth’ssurfacE.C.TheGermanscientistAlfredWegener.D.Theearlyexplorers’discovery.5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Wedidn’tseetheEarthfromfarawayuntilwesawthepicturetakeninthespacE.B.Ourancientthoughtthatthesurfaceoftheearthisstill.C.AlfredWegenerwasnotthefirstpersontoinvestigatetheideathatthecontinentsmovE.D.ThecoastlineofIndiaandAfricafittogether.6.Thelastwordofthethirdparagraphtectonicsmean________.A.studyofconstructionB.studyofarchitectureC.earthsurfaceD.structuralgeology7.Whatdidtheexplorersfind?A.ThecoastlinesofSouthAmericaandAfricacouldfittogether.B.ThecoastlinesofNorthAmericaandAfricacouldfittogether.C.TheeastcoastlinesofNorthAmericaandthewestcoastofEuropecouldfittogether.D.ThecoastlinesofNorthAmericaandIndiacouldfittogether.

LaptopcomputersarepopularallovertheworlD.Peopleusethemontrainsandairplanesinairportsandhotels.TheselaptopsconnectpeopletotheirworkplacE.IntheUnitedStatestodaylaptopsalsoconnectstudentstotheirclassrooms.WestlakeCollegeinVirginiawillstartalaptopcomputerprogramthatallowsstudentstodoschoolworkanywheretheywant.Withinfiveyearseachofthe1500studentsatthecollegewillreceivealaptop.Thelaptopsarepartofa＄10millioncomputerprogramatWestlakea110-year-oldcollegE.ThestudentswithlaptopswillalsohaveaccesstotheInternet.Inadditiontheywillbeabletousee-mailtospeakwiththeirteacherstheirclassmatesandtheirfamilies.howeverthemostimportantpartofthelaptopprogramisthatstudentswillbeabletousecomputerswithoutgoingtocomputerlabs.Theycanworkwithitathomeinafast-foodrestaurantorunderthetrees—anywhereatall!BecauseofthemanychangesincomputertechnologylaptopuseinhighereducationsuchascollegesanduniversitiesisworkablE.Aslaptopsbecomemorepowerfultheybecomemoresimilartodesktopcomputers.InadditiontheportablecomputerscanconnectstudentstonotonlytheInternetbutalsolibrariesandotherresources.Statehigher-educationofficialsarestudyinghowlaptopscanhelpstudents.Stateofficialsarealsotestinglaptopprogramsatotheruniversitiestoo.AtWestlakeCollegemorethan60percentofthestaffusecomputers.Thelaptopswillallowallteacherstousecomputersintheirlessons.AsoneWestlaketeachersaidHereweareinthemiddleofVirginiaandwe’regivingstudentsawindowontheworlD.Theycanseeeverythinganddoeverything.Themainpurposeofthelaptopprogramistogiveeachstudentalaptopto_______.A.usefortheirschoolworkB.accesstheInternetC.workathomeD.connectthemtolibrariesWhyisthewordspeakinthesecondparagraphinquotationmarks引号?A.Theydon’treallytalk.B.TheyusethecomputerlanguagE.C.Laptopshavespeakers.D.Noneoftheabovereasonsiscorrect.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutWestlakeCollege?A.Allteachersusecomputers.B.1500studentshavelaptops.C.ItisanoldcollegeinAmericA.D.Studentstherecandoeverything.A.windowontheworldinthelastparagraphmeansthatstudentscan_______.A.attendlecturesoninformationtechnologyB.travelaroundtheworldC.getinformationfromaroundtheworldD.havefreelaptopsWhatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Theprogramissuccessful.B.TheprogramisnotworkablE.C.TheprogramistooexpensivE.D.Wedon’tknowtheresultyet.

AnimalsaremorelikeusthanweeverimagineD.TheyfeelpaintheyexperiencestresstheyshowaffectionexcitementandlovE.Allthesefindingshavebeenmadebyscientistsinrecentyears---andsuchresultsarebeginningtochangehowweviewanimals.StrangelyenoughsomeofthisresearchwassponsoredbyfastfoodcompanieslikeMcDonald’sandKFC.Pressuredbyanimalrightsgroupsthesecompaniesfelttheyhadtofundscientistsresearchingtheemotionalandmentalstatesofanimals.McDonald’sforinstancefundedstudiesonpigbehavioratPurdueUniversityIndianA.Thisresearchfoundthatpigsseekaffectionandeasilybecomedepressedifleftaloneorpreventedfromplayingwitheachother.Iftheybecomedepressedtheysoonbecomephysicallyill.BecauseofthisandothersimilarstudiestheEuropeanUnionhasbannedtheuseofisolatingpigstallsfrom2010.InGermanythegovernmentisencouragingpigfarmerstogiveeachpig20secondsofhumancontactadayandtoprovidethemwithtoystopreventthemfromfightingOtherscientistshaveshownthatanimalsthinkandbehavelikehumans.Kokothe300-poundgorillaattheGorillaFoundationinNorthernCaliforniaforinstancehasbeentaughtsignlanguagE.KokocannowunderstandseveralthousandEnglishwordsmorethanmanyhumanswhospeakEnglishasasecondlanguagE.OnhumanIQtestsshescoresbetween70and95.Beforesuchexperimentshumansthoughtlanguageskillswereabsentfromtheanimalkingdom.Othermythsarealsobeingoverturnedlikethebeliefthatanimalslackself-awareness.StudieshavealsoshownthatanimalsmourntheirdeadandthattheyplayforpleasurE.Thesestrikingsimilaritiesbetweenanimalandhumanbehaviorhaveledsometoaskaquestion:Ifyoubelieveinevolutionhowcan’tyoubelievethatanimalshavefeelingsthathumanbeingshave?Untilrecentlyscientistsbelievedthatanimalsbehavedbyinstinctandthatwhatappearedtobelearnedbehaviorwasmerelygenetically-programmedactivity.ButasKokotheGorillashowsthisisnotthecasE.Infactlearningispassedfromparenttooffspringfarmoreoftenthannotintheanimalkingdom.Sowhatimplicationsdoesthisknowledgehaveforhumans?Becauseofthisshouldwebanhuntingandanimaltesting?Shouldweclosezoos?Suchquestionsarebeingraisedbymanyacademicsandpoliticians.Harvardand25otherAmericanlawschoolshaveintroducedcoursesonanimalrights.Germanymeanwhilerecentlyguaranteedanimalrightsinitsconstitution---thefirstcountrytodoso.McDonald’sandKFCgivemoneytosupportscientisttodoresearchonanimalsbecause_____A.theyareinternationalbigcompanies.B.theyloveanimals.C.theyarepressuredbyanimalrightgroups.D.theyearnalargeamountofmoneyandwanttodosomegooddeeds.TheresearchonpigsatPurdueUniversityshowsthat______A.pigslovebeingalonE.B.pigseasilybecomephysicallyill.C.pigsneedaffection.D.pigsdon’tliketoplaywitheachother.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Animalsbehavebyinstinct.B.Animalshaveself-awareness.C.AnimalshavefeelingsandlovE.D.Animalsdonothavelanguageskills.Shouldwebanhuntingandanimaltesting?A.Yes.B.NoC.NotcertainD.Notmentioned

ManychildrenfirstlearnthevalueofmoneybyreceivinganallowancE.Thepurposeistoletchildrenlearnfromexperienceatanagewhenfinancialmistakesarenotverycostly.Theamountofmoneythatparentsgivetotheirchildrentospendastheywishdiffersfromfamilytofamily.Timingisanotherconsideration.SomechildrengetaweeklyallowancE.OthersgetamonthlyallowancE.Inanycaseparentsshouldmakeclearwhatifanythingthechildisexpectedtopayforwiththemoney.Atfirstyoungchildrenmayspendalloftheirallowancesoonaftertheyreceiveit.Iftheydothistheywilllearnthehardwaythatspendingmustbedonewithinabudget.ParentsareusuallyadvisednottooffermoremoneyuntilthenextallowancE.Theobjectistoshowyoungpeoplethatabudgetdemandschoicesbetweenspendingandsaving.Olderchildrenmayberesponsibleenoughtosavemoneyforlargercostslikeclothingorelectronics.ManypeoplethinkitisnotagoodideatopayyourchildforworkaroundthehomE.ThesejobsareanormalpartoffamilylifE.Payingchildrentodoextraworkaroundthehousehowevercanbeuseful.Itcanevenprovideanunderstandingofhowabusinessworks.Allowancesgivechildrenachancetoexperiencethethreethingstheycandowithmoney.TheycanshareitintheformofgiftsorgivingtoagoodcausE.Theycanspenditbybuyingthingstheywant.Ortheycansaveit.Savinghelpschildrenunderstandthatcostlygoalsrequiresacrifice:youhavetocutcostsandplanforthefuturE.Requiringchildrentosavepartoftheirallowancecanalsoopenthedoortofuturesaving.A.savingaccountisanexcellentwaytolearnaboutthepowerofcompoundinterest.Compoundingworksbypayinginterestoninterest.Soforexampleonedollarinvestedattwopercentinterestfortwoyearswillearntwocentsinthefirstyear.Thesecondyearthemoneywillearntwopercentofonedollarandtwocentsandsoon.Thatmaynotseemlikealot.Butovertimeitaddsup.14.Manyparentsgivechildrenanallowanceregularlyto______.A.meetchildren’sbasicneedforlifeB.givecontrolovertheirchildrenC.seewhethertheyhavefinancialmistakesD.helpchildrenlearnhowtomanagemoney15.ForChildrenwhoreceiveallowancesthey’dbetternot________.A.wastemoneytobuygiftsfortheirparentsorfriendsB.buytheirfavoriteclothingorelectronicsforthemselvesC.savemoneyliketheirparentsorotheradultsD.askforthenextallowancebeforethedecideddatE.16.Ifchildrenarerequiredtosavetheirallowancethey______.A.canexperiencethethreethingsrelatedtomoneyB.canunderstandtherelationbetweengoalsandsacrificeC.willdomoreworkaroundthehouseD.helpthemselvesfoundthebasisfortheirfuturelife17.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasecompoundinterestmean?A.Theinterestbasedontheoriginalmoneyandunpaidinterest.B.A.wayofhelpingchildrenearntwopercentinterest.C.Theinterestintendedforchildrentoearnmoney.D.A.savingaccountopenedforchildren’sallowancE.18.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtoGiveChildrenanAllowanceB.SpendYourAllowancewithinaBudgetC.AllowanceHelpsChildrenLearnaboutMoneyD.DoingHouseworkEarnsChildrenAllowance

Whetherrichorpoorparentswhohavebooksinthehomeincreasethelevelofeducationtheirchildrenwillattainaccordingtoa20-yearstudyledbyMariahEvans.Foryearseducatorshavethoughtthestrongestpredictor预示物ofattaininghighlevelsofeducationwashavingparentswhowerehighlyeducateD.Butthestudyshowedthatthedifferencebetweenbeingraisedinabooklesshomecomparedtobeingraisedinahomewitha500-booklibraryhasasgreataneffectonthelevelofeducationachildwillattainasthedifferencebetweenhavingparentswhoarebarelyliterate有文化的andhavingparentswhohaveauniversityeducation.BeingasociologistEvanswasparticularlyinterestedtofindthatchildrenoflesser-educatedparentsbenefitthemostfromhavingbooksinthehomE.Whatkindsofinvestmentsshouldwemaketohelpthesekidsgetahead?TheresultsofthisstudyindicatethatgettingsomebooksintotheirhomesisaninexpensivewaythatwecanhelpthesechildrensucceeD.EvanssaidEvenalittlebitgoesalongway.Havingasfewas20booksinthehomestillhasasignificantimpactonmotivatingachildtoahigherlevelofeducationandthemorebooksyouaddthegreaterbenefitthechildrenget.Theresearcherswerestruckbythestrongeffecthavingbooksinthehomehadonchildren'seducationalattainmentevenaboveandbeyondsuchfactorsaseducationleveloftheparentsthefather'soccupationortheeconomiclevelofthecountry.Havingbooksinthehomeistwiceasimportantasthefather'seducationlevelandmoreimportantthanwhetherachildwasbroughtupinadevelopingcountryoradevelopedcountry.Surprisinglythedifferenceineducationalattainmentforchildrenbornindevelopedcountryandchildrenbornindevelopingcountrywasjust2yearslessthantwo-thirdsoftheeffectthathaving500ormorebooksinthehomehadonchildren.8.Inthepasteducatorsheldapointofviewthat______....A.childrenwhosefamilyhadalibrarywouldpossiblyattainhighlevelsofeducationB.childrenwhowereborninpoorfamiliesstudiedharderthanthoseinrichfamiliesC.childrenwhoseparentsarehighlyeducatedwouldattainhighlevelsofeducationD.parents’levelofeducationhadnothingtodowiththeirchildren’slevelsofeducation9.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordmotivatinginParagraph3mean?A.Makingsomebodywanttodosomething.B.HelpingsomebodytofinishsomethingC.Makingsomebodypretendtodosomething.D.Preventingsomebodyfromachievingsomething.10.Whichofthefollowinghasthemostimportanteffectonthelevelofeducationachildwillgain?A.Theeconomiclevelofthecountry.B.Thefather’soccupation.C.Educationlevelsofparents.D.HavingbooksinthehomE.11.WhichisthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.GettingbooksintohomesisgoodinvestmentparentscanmakE.B.Childrenwhogetahigherlevelofeducationmusthavemanybooksintheirhomes.C.Readingbooksisgoodforthedevelopmentofchildren.D.Booksinhomehaveagreateffectonchildren’seducationlevels.

Brain-trainingsoftwaremaybeawasteoftimE.Peoplewhoplayedmind-boostinggamesmadethesamemodestcognitivegainsasthosewhospentasimilaramountoftimesurfingtheweB.Itdidn'treallymakeanydifferencewhatpeopledidsaysAdrianOwenoftheMedicalResearchCouncilCognitionwhotestedbrain-trainingsoftwareonvolunteersrecruitedthroughaBBCtelevisionprogram.Owenandhiscolleaguesasked11000volunteerstotaketeststomeasuretheirreasoningabilityandverbalandspatial空间的memory.ParticipantsthenspentsixweeksplayingononeoftwocomputerprogramsorjustsurfingthewebforpleasurE.Inoneprogramwhichimitatescommercialbrain-trainingsoftwarethevolunteerssolvedsimplemathematicsproblemsandpuzzlesthattestedtheirmemories.Theotherwasdesignedspecificallytoboostcognitiveabilitiessuchasreasoningandplanning.Aftersixweekstheparticipantsunderwentasecondroundofcognitivetests.Bothgroupswhoplayedthegamesmademodestimprovementsyetsodidthewebsurfers.Skillslearnedviatheprogramsdidn'ttransfertothecognitivetestsevenwhentheyreliedonsimilarabilitiessaysOwen.ForinstancepeoplewhoplayedagameinwhichtheyhadtofindamatchforabrieflyoverturnedcardstruggledatasimilartestthatusedstarshiddeninboxesEvenwhenthetestswereconceptuallyquitesimilarwedidn'tseeanyimprovementsaysOwen.Heconcludesthatbrain-trainingsoftwareonlymakespeoplebetteratthespecifictaskstheyhavebeenpracticing.YetKlingbergwhofoundedacognitive-trainingfirmcalledCogmedisindignantattheconclusionthatallbraintrainingisbunk.TheparticipantsinOwen'sstudydidn'tpracticeforlongenoughandtherewasnoqualitycontroloverwhatpracticepeopledidhesays.AskingsubjectstositathomeanddotestsonlineperhapswiththeTVonorotherdistractionsaroundislikelytoresultinnoisydatahesays.Thispaperdoesinnowaydisprovethatthebrainisplasticorthatcognitivefunctionscanbeimprovedbytraining.Owencountersthathisteam'sresearchtookplaceinsettingssimilartotheonespeoplearelikelytopracticein.Thisiswhatpeoplearedoing.They'resittingathomeontheircomputersdoingbraintraining.32.ThepurposeofOwenrecruitingvolunteerstodothefirstroundoftestsis.A.testtheirreasoningabilityandverbalandspatialmemoryB.supporttheBBCtelevisionprograminhiswayC.provehowmuchinformationparticipantscanrememberD.detectdifferencesamongpeopleinmemorizinginformation33.FromthesecondroundofcognitivetestsOwenconcludesthat.A.allparticipantshavemademuchrecognizableimprovementdramaticallyB.participantshavedevelopedreasoningabilitytosolvecomplicatedproblemsC.participantscanmakegreaterimprovementinsolvingverysimilarproblemsD.participantsperformedbetterincertaintaskstheyhavepracticedforalongtime34.What'sthemeaningofindignant?A.SurpriseD.B.AgreeablE.C.MaD.D.Dishonest.35.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thereisadebateaboutwhetherbrain-trainingsoftwareiseffectivE.B.Weshouldconcentrateonbrain-trainingsoftwareinourdailylifE.C.Brain-trainingsoftwareisuselesstomostpeoplE.D.Itisimportanttoimprovereasoningabilityandspatialmemory.

SanFranciscoaleaderinurbanrecyclingispreparingtoturndogwasteintoenergy.NorcalWasteSystemInC.thecity’slargestgarbagecompanyplanstotestcollectioncarts回收车andcollectionbagsinacity-centerparkwhichispopularwithdogwalkers.A.citystudyfoundthatalmost4percentofallthegarbagepickedupatSanFranciscohomeswasfromanimalwasteNorcalWastespokesmanRobertReidsaiD.SanFranciscohasabout120000dogs.Thecityaskedustostartaprogramtorecycledogwasteinordertocutbackaddingmorewasteinlandfills废渣埋填池ReidsaiD.Dogwastewillbepouredintoamethanedigester沼气池andthemethaneitgivesoffwillbecollectedandburnedtomakeelectricityortoheathomes.DogsandcatsintheUnitedStatesproduceabout10milliontonsofwasteayearWillBrintonanenvironmentalscientistsaiD.AsmuchaswelovethemourpetsleavealotoffertilizerbehindtheminyardsandonthestreetbutthatcanbeamajorsourceofcontaminationofgroundwaterBrintonsaiD.EuropeancitiessuchasZurichFrankfurtMunichandViennaarestartingbiologyprogramstoturnwasteintogashesaiD.SanFranciscorunsagreatprogramtorecyclebottlescarspaperandotherrubbishandnowtwo-thirdsofitsgarbageneedn’tbecarriedtolandfills.Thecity’sgoalisa75percentdropby2010andzeronewwasteinlandfillsby2020.SanFranciscowillplantousedogwasteformaking__________.A.fertilizerB.gasC.electricityD.methaneWhatdoestheunderlinedwordcontaminationmean?A.IncreaseB.ReductionC.FlowD.PollutionWhatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.SanFranciscoisshortofelectricityB.SanFranciscohasdonealotofinrubbishrecycling.C.FewerpeoplewillkeepdogsaspetsinSanFranciscoD.Therewillbenorubbishby2010inSanFranciscoThepassageismainlyabout_______.A.SanFrancisco‘snewpolicyforpetkeepersB.SanFrancisco‘snewplanforrecyclingC.howtokeepacitycleanD.howtodealwithrubbish

Halfofallbossessayalackofsleepmakesthemirritable易怒的andproneto有倾向的shoutattheirstaffastudysaiD.OneinfivemanagersalsosaidbeingkeptawakeatnightmeanttheyweremorelikelytomakemistakestheMoripollof1006peoplerevealed显示.Some48%ofpeopleaged35to44saidtheydidnotgetenoughsleepcomparedtoanationalaverage39%.Amongthatagegrouppeoplewithyoungchildrenandmanagerial管理的jobsweremostlikelytosuffer.Thereportcommissioned委托bythethinktankDe??mosandIkeasaidtheissueofsleephadbeenforgotteninthework/lifebalancedebatE.ReportauthorCharlesLeadbeatersaidOnanyworkingdayaquarterofallmanagersinBritainarelikelytobeinabadmoodbecausetheyhavenotsleptwell.Thesesleep-deprivedandshoutymanagerswithatend??encytomakemistakesareresponsibleformillionsofBritishworkers.It’shardlyarecipeforgoodmanagement.AndMr.Leadbeatercalledonthegovernmentandem??ployerstotakeaction.A.smalllossofsleepislikelytohaveabigimpactonpeoplewholeadstressfullives.Stressedoutparentsarealreadynotsleepingenough.Theyarethepeoplemostlikelytohavetheirsleepdisruptedandtheyareleastabletorecover.Apartfromchildrenkeepingtheirparentsawakeworryingaboutworkisthebiggestcauseofwakefulnessatnightamongmanagers.Womenarefivetimesmorelikelythanmentolosesleepbecausetheirpartnerssnore打呼噜.Thereportpredictedthattherewaslikelytobeagrowingmarketofsleep-deprivedpeoplewithanincreaseinpublicnapping.Opportunitiestotakeanapatworkarealsolikelytoin??creaseandthereportrecommendedthatemployerstaketheirresponsibilityforensuringemployeeswerewellsleptmorese??riously.PeterJelkebymarketingmanageratIkeasaidthere??searchconfirmedsuspicionsBritonswerenotgettingenoughsleep.Andheadded:ThisishavingadetrimentaleffectonoursocietyasawholE.9.Whichoffollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A.Halfofthepeoplesayalackofsleepmakesthemirrita??blE.B.20%managerssaidbeingkeptawakeatnightmeanttheyweremorelikelytomakemistakes.C.Some48%ofpeoplesaidtheydidnotgetenoughsleep.D.Peoplewithyoungchildrenandmanagerialjobsweremostlikelytosuffer.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedworddetrimentalmean?A.良好的.B.有害的C.片面的D.致命的11.Whothatsufferedsleepdisruptedareleastabletorecover?A.Thebosses.B.Managers.C.Peopleaged35to44.D.Stressedoutparents.12.Apartfromchildrenkeeping:theirparentsawake________isthebiggestcauseofwakefulnessatnightamongmanagers.A.worryingaboutworkB.theirpartners’snoringC.therelationshipD.workingconditions

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagE.FillinthenumberedblanksbyusingtheinformationforthepassagE.WriteNOMORETHAN3WORDSforeachanswer.A.Low-CarbonEconomyLCEreferstoaneconomywhichhasaminimalemissionofgreenhousegasGHGnamelycarbondioxideintothebiosphere生物圈.RecentlymostofthescientistsandthepublicholdtheopinionthattheclimateischangingbecausethereissuchanaccumulationofCO2intheatmosphereduetohumanactivities.Theover-concentrationofthesegasesisproducingglobalwarmingthataffectslong-termclimatewithnegativeimpactsonhumanityintheforeseeablefuturE.LCEthereforeisproposedasameanstoavoidcatastrophicclimatechangE.Allnationswhichareconsideredcarbonintensivesocietiesandsocietieswhichareheavilypopulatedshouldbecomezero-carbonsocietiesandeconomies.Severalofthesecountrieshavepromisedtobecome'lowcarbon'butnotentirelyzerocarbonandclaimthatemissionswillbecutby100%bybalancingemissionsratherthanceasingallemissions.NuclearpowerandthestrategiesofcarboncaptureandstorageCCShavebeenproposedastheprimarymeanstoachieveaLCEwhilecontinuingtoexploitnon-renewableresources.Scientistsareafraidhoweverwhetherthespent-nuclear-fuelcanbestoredandwhetheritissecurE.AlsotheyarenotcertainaboutthecostsandtimeneededtosuccessfullyimplementCCSworldwideandwhetherthestoredemissionswillleakintothebiosphereornot.AlternativelymanyhaveproposedrenewableenergyshouldbethemainbasisofaLCEbuttheyhavetheirassociatedproblemsofhigh-costandinefficiency;thisischanginghoweversinceinvestmentandproductionhavebeengrowingsignificantlyinrecenttimes.FurthermoreithasbeenproposedthattomakethetransitiontoanLCEeconomicallyattractivewewouldhavetoattachacostperunitoutputtoGHGsthroughmeanssuchasemissionstradingand/oracarbontax.A.LCEisaimedtointegrateallaspectsofitselffromitsmanufacturingagriculturetransportationtopower-generationaroundtechnologiesthatproduceenergyandmaterialswithlittleGHGemissionandthusaroundpopulationsbuildingsmachinesanddeviceswhichusethoseenergiesandmaterialsefficientlyanddisposeoforrecycleitswastessoastohaveaminimaloutputofGHGs.Title:71I.72:aneconomywithaminimaloutputofGHGII.73ofthepresenteconomy:●globalwarming●long-termclimatechange●74onhumanityIII.75:●toproduceenergyandmaterialswithlittleGHGemission●tousethoseenergiesandmaterialsefficiently●tohave76ofGHGsIV.77toachieveaLCE:●nuclearpower●thestrategiesofcarboncaptureandstorage●renewableenergy●78●acarbontaxV.79:●spent-nuclear-fuelstorage/storageofspent-nuclear-fuel●80●uncertaintyaboutthecostsandtimeneeded

第三部分阅读理解共20小题每小题2分满分40分AExpertsaroundEuropearediscussingtheembarrassingmuseumsafetyfollowingthetheftoftwoartmasterpiecepaintingsonSunday.A.largehuntgotunderwayMondayforthieveswhowalkedintoalightlyguardedmuseuminOsloNorwaytoretwopaintingsoffthewallandranaway.Someexpressedfearthatworksofartareinincreasingdangerfromviolentrobbery—unlesssaidDeputyCultureMinisterYngveSlettholmwelocktheminamountainbunker碉堡.ArmedmaskedrobbersstoletheEdvardMunchmasterpieceTheScreamandanotherofMunch'sworksMadonnafromOslo'sMunchMuseumonSundayasvisitorswatchedindisbelief.Thepurposebehindtherobberyalsoremainedunknown.Butartexpertsguessedthethieveswereeitherlookingformoneyorwishedtoimpressothercriminalssinceitwouldbenearlyimpossibletosellsuchfamouspiecesofart.Thisisthesecondtimeinadecadethataversionofthepaintinghasbeenstolen.AnotherversionofTheScreamwasstolenfromOslo'sNationalGalleryinFebruary2004butrecoveredthreemonthslater.TheMunchworkswerenotinsuredagainsttheftbecauseitwasimpossibletosetapriceonthemsaidJohnOeyaasmanagingdirectorofOsloForsikringthecity-ownedcompanythatinsuredthepaintingsagainstdamagE.ButhesaidthetheftinbroaddaylightfromoneofNorway'smostvisitedmuseumsraisesthequestionofsecurity—Howcanwemaketheseartworksavailabletothepublicwhilestillensuringtheirsafety?56.Thestolenpaintingsweredrawnby______.A.OsloForsikringB.YngveSlettholmC.EdvardMunchD.JohnOeyaas57.Whichofthefollowingdescriptioniscorrectaboutthetheft?A.ThetwopaintingswerestolenonMondayB.VisitorstothemuseumsawthefacesoftherobbersC.ThethieveswerelookingformoneyD.Thethieveshadweaponswiththemduringthetheft58.TheOslo’sMunchMuseum______.A.isoneofthemostpopularmuseuminthecountryB.hadallitspaintingsinsuredagainsttheftC.weregoingtolockthepaintingsinamountainbunkerD.hadanotherversionofTheScreamstolenin200459.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.DangersofViolentRobberyB.HowtoEnsureSafetyofArtworksC.PricelessArtLostinBoldTheftD.FamousArtWorksFavoredbyThieves

China’sbossoftabletennisLiuGuoliangwasshockedathisfirstsightofJapaneseteenagerMiuHiranowhobeatthreetop-rankedChinesetoclaimasensationalvictoryofthewomen'ssinglesattheAsianTableTennisChampionships.She'smuchbetterthanIhadimaginedsaidLiuontheconclusionofthecontinentaltournament锦标赛.Whenshecameoutthewinneroflastyear'sWorldCupIthoughtmaybeshetookadvantageoftheabsenceoftheChinesewomenpaddlers.HoweverIchangedmymindwhenIsawherplayherE.She'sstrongenoughtechnicallyandmentallyandcapableofbeatinganyoneintheworldaddedLiu.Hiranowhojustturned17yearsoldonFridaystunnedChina'sworldNo.1DingNing3-2inthequarterfinalsbeforesecond-rankedZhuYuling3-0andfinallyseeingoffworldNo.5ChenMengalso3-0tosmashtheChinesedominance统治ofthetournament.She'ssoyoungandhassomanypossibilitiesinthefuturesaidLiu.Thatmakeshersuccessmoreintimidatingtoourwomen'steam.InLiu'sopinionthedifficultiesthatChinafacedintheseAsianchampionshipsreflectedthechangesoftabletennisworldmapinrecentyears.It'snotjustrecentlythatJapanwantstobeatChinahesaiD.Bytheendofthedaytheireffortsfinallyworkedout.TheheadcoachhoweverrefusedtostandallbytheJapan'ssidE.WedoneedtolearnfromtheotherassociationsincludingtheJapanesewhodoanexcellentjobonyouthtrainingLiusaiD.Butonefailureshouldnotleadtothewholedenialtoourownteam.Ithinkit'sagoodthingtohavecompetitorswhocanposerealchallengeswhichmakesoursportmorecompetitiveandmorehealthyheaddeD.8.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordintimidatinginparagraph4?A.possibleB.certainC.threateningD.impossible9.WhycouldMiuHiranowinthelastyear’sWorldCup?A.BecauseMiumadeuseoftheabsenceoftheChinesewomenpaddlersB.BecauseChinesewomenpaddlerswereweakC.BecauseMiuwascapableofwinningthegameD.BecauseLiuGouliangwantedhertowinthegame10.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.ZhuYulingisthesecond-rankedintheworldoftable—tennisB.MiuHiranowasdefeatedbyDingNinginthequarterfinalsoftheAsiaTableTennisChampionshipsC.China’sfemalepaddlersfacethegreatchallengeD.Femaletable-tennisworldmaphaschangedinrecentyears11.Thepassagemostlikelycomesfrom______.A.anewsreportB.afashionmagazinE.C.abiographyD.asciencefiction

Arebillionairesgoodwithexamsaswellastheirmoney?Oraretheymorelikelytohaveescapedschoolatthefirstopportunityandworkedtheirwayuptomaketheirfortunes?Astudyoftheeducationalbackgroundofsomeoftheworld’swealthiestpeopleshowsthattheyaremuchmorelikelytohavegonetouniversityandtheyaremorelikelytohaveapostgraduatedegree硕士或博士研究生学位thannodegreeatall.Itdoesn’tgivemuchsupportfortheimageofself-taughtentrepreneurs企业家whorelyontheirownwisdomratherthanhighereducation.ThestudybyinsurancecompanyGoCompareexaminedtheeducationalbackgroundofpeopleappearinginthetop100billionairelistsbyForbesmagazineoverthepast20years.Itshowsthat76percentofthesebillionaireshaveadegreE.Forty-sevenpercentofthemhaveabachelor’s学士degree23percentamaster’s文/理科硕士degreeand6percentadoctorate博士学位.Themostpopularsubjectsweretheonesrelatedtoeconomicsandengineering.Thereweremanymorestudyingsciencesthanarts.Theschoolattendedbytheglobalsuperricharealsomuchmorelikelytobeworld-classuniversitiesratherthanlocalones.HarvardUniversityisthesinglemostlikelynametobefoundontheresume履历ofabillionairethoughoneofthemostfamousnamesontherichlistBillGatesdroppedoutofHarvardbeforefinishing.StanfordUniversityinCaliforniaandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyhavebecomethelaunchpadsforarisingnumberoftechbillionaires.Google’sco-foundersLarryPageandSergeyBrinwerebothpostgraduatesatStanforD.BorthersCharlesandDavidKochwhoareamongtheworld’sbiggestoiltycoonsbothgottheirbachelor’sandmaster’sdegreesfromMIT.AmongU.K.universitiestheLondonSchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalScienceandtheUniversityofCambridgehavethemostmulti-billionairesontheForbeslistwhileOxfordhasproducedRupertMurdoch.28.ThestudyhasfoundallofthefollowingEXCEPT.A.mostbillionairesarenotself-taughtgeniusesB.billionairesaremuchmorelikelytohavereceivedhighereducationC.nearlyhalfofthoseonForbes’top100billionairelistshaveabachelor’sdegreeD.therearemorebillionaireswithoutdegreeatallthanthosewithamaster’sdegree29.Ofthefollowingsubjectswhatisthemostlikelytohavebeenacollegemajorofabillionaire?A.ComputersciencE.B.Arthistory.C.EnglishliteraturE.D.Law.30.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordlaunchpadsinParagraph7mean?A.FavoriteplacesoffamouspeoplE.B.Effectivestartingpointsforacareer.C.PlacesontheInternetthathelpyoufindinformation.D.PlaceswhererocketsandotherspacecraftaresentintospacE.31.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothearticle?A.ThestudywascarriedoutbyForbesmagazinE.B.A.highpercentageoftheworld’srichestpeoplehaveadoctoratE.C.RupertMurdochwenttotheLondonSchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalSciencE.D.HarvardUniversityhasproducedmorebillionairesontheForbeslistthananyotheruniversity.

EveryweekinChinamillionsofpeoplewillsitinfrontoftheirTVswatchingteenagerscompeteforthetitleCharacterHerowhichisaChinese-stylespellingbee拼写大赛.InthischallengeyoungcompetitorsmustwriteChinesecharactersbyhanD.Toprepareforthecompetitionthecompetitorsusuallyspendmonthsstudyingdictionaries.Perhapstheshow’spopularityshouldnotbeasurprisE.AlongwithgunpowderandpapermanyChinesepeopleconsiderthecreationofChinesecalligraphy书法tobeoneoftheirprimarycontributionstocivilization.UnfortunatelyalloverthecountryChinesepeopleareforgettinghowtowritetheirownlanguagewithoutcomputerizedhelp.SoftwareonsmartphonesandcomputersallowsuserstotypeinthebasicsoundofthewordusingtheLatinalphabet.Thecorrectcharacterischosenfromalist.Theresult?It’spossibletorecognizecharacterswithoutrememberinghowtowritethem.Butthere’sstillhopeforthepaintbrush.China’sEducationMinistrywantschildrentospendmoretimelearninghowtowritE.InoneBeijingprimaryschoolwevisitedstudentspracticecalligraphyeverydayinsideaspeciallydecoratedclassroomwithtraditionalChinesepaintingshangingonthewalls.Softmusicplaysasagroupofsix-year-oldsdipbrushpensintoblackink.Theylookupattheblackboardoftentostudytheirteacher’sexamplesbeforecarefullyattemptingtoreproducethosecharactersonthinricepaper.Ifadultscansurvivewithoutusinghandwritingwhybothertoteachitnow?weaskthecalligraphyteacherShenBin.TheabilitytowritecharactersispartofChinesetraditionandcultureshereasons.Studentsmustlearnnowsotheydon’tforgetwhentheygrowup.saystheteacher.12.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinthemeaningwiththeunderlinedsentenceisparagraph2?A.EverChinesecanwriteChinesecharacterseasilyespeciallywithcomputersB.OnlywiththehelpofcomputerscansomeChinesepeoplewriteChinesecharactersC.DespitethehelpofcomputersChinesepeoplehaveforgottenhowtowriteD.ComputersaretheonlymeanstorelyontowriteChinesecharactersformanypeople13.WhatcanwelearnabouttheCharacterHero?A.It’sopentopeopleofallagesandallwalks.B.It’sthemost-viewedTVprogramsinChinA.C.ItaimstospreadChineseculturetotheworlD.D.Itdrawsgreatpublicattentionacrossthecountry.14.WhyareChinesepeopleforgettinghowtowritethecharacters?A.Chinesepeopledon’trefertodictionariesveryoften.B.Chinesepeoplenolongerusebrushpensorpracticecalligraphy.C.ChinesepeopleareusingtheLatinalphabetinsteadofthecharacters.D.Chinesepeopleneedn’twritebyhandasoftenwiththehelpoftechnology.15.AccordingtoShenBinbeingabletowritecharactersbyhandis__________.A.necessaryforadultstosurviveinChinaB.arequirementmadebytheEducationMinistryC.helpfultokeepChinesetraditionandculturealiveD.anabilitytobedevelopedonlywhenyouarestudents

Modernmanhasclearedtheforestsforfarmlandandforwoodandhasalsocarelesslyburnedthem.Morethanthatthoughhehasalsointerfered干涉withtheinvisiblebondsbetweenthelivingthingsintheforests.Therearemanyexamplesofthiskindofdestruction.Theharmfulnessofman’sinterferencecanbeseeninwhathappenedmanyyearsagointheforestoftheKaibabplateau凯亚巴布高原ofnorthernArizonA.MantriedtoimproveonthenaturalwebofforestlifeanddestroyeditinsteaD.TheKaibabhadastorybookforestoflargesizedpineDouglasfirwhitefirblueandEngelmannsprucE.In1882avisitornotedWewho...havewanderedthroughitsforestsandparkshavecometoregarditasthemostenchantingregionithaseverbeenourprivilege特权tovisit.ThiswasalsothelivingplaceoftheRockyMountainmuledeer.Indianshuntedthereeveryautumntogathermeatandskins.Theforestalsohadmountainlionstimberwolvesandbobcatsthatkeptthedeerfrommultiplyingtoorapidly.Thenin1906PresidentTheodoreRooseveltmadetheKaibabanationalgamepreservE.Deerhuntingwasforbidden.Governmenthuntersstartedkillingoffthedeer’senemies.In25years’time6250mountainlionswolvesandbobcatswerekilleD.Beforetheprogramtherewereabout4000deerintheKaibabby1924therewereabout100000.Thedeerateeveryleafandtwigtheycouldreach.ButtherewasnotnearlyenoughfooD.Huntingofdeerwaspermittedagain.Thiscausedaslightdecreaseinthedeerherd鹿群butafargreaterlossresultedfromstarvation饥饿anddiseasE.Some60percentofthedeerherddiedintwowinters.By1930theherdhaddroppedto20000animals.By1942itwasdownto8000.ThedestructionoftheenvironmentoftheKaibabresultedfrom.A.turningtheforestintocultivatedlandB.interferingwithnaturalcycleofforestlifeC.forestfirescausedbyman’scarelessnessD.cuttingthetreesforbuildingmaterialsEngelmannspruceParA.2ismostlikelythenameof.A.atreeB.ananimalC.amountainD.agameThenumberofthedeerintheKaibabhadincreasedenormouslyinyears’timE.A.25B.6C.18D.12YearslaterlargenumbersofdeerintheKaibabdiedmainlybecauseof.A.thecoldB.theorganizedkillC.theshortageoffoodD.thepoormanagement

Whenseveraldifferentpeoplelookatthesamepersonitisnotunusualforeachofthemtoseedifferentthings;whenyoualoneobserveonebehaviororonepersonattwodifferenttimesyoumayseedifferentthings.Thefollowingareonlysomeofthefactorsthatleadtothesevaryingperceptions感知认知:1Eachperson’sperceptionsofothersareformedbyhisorherownculturalconditioningeducationandpersonalexperiences.2Sometimesperceptionsdifferbecauseofwhatwechoosetoobserveandhowwedealwithwhatwe’veobserveD.Itisnotnecessarilytruethataperson'sperceptionisbasedonobservationsofaparticularperson.Yourobservationsmaybetotallycontrolledbywhatothershavetoldyouaboutthispersonoryoumayfocus聚焦primarilyonthesituationorrolerelationship.Mostpeopledonotusethesamestandardtomeasuretheirparentstheirfriendsandstrangers.3Sometimesweseeonlywhatwewanttoseeordon’tseewhatmaybeobvioustoothersbecauseofourownneedsdesiresortemporaryemotionalstates.Thisisaprocessknownasselectiveperception.Selectiveperceptionisobviouslymoredifficultwhencontradictory矛盾的informationisparticularlyobviousbutitcanbedonE.Wecanignore忽视themisdeed—He’sbasicallyagoodboysowhatIsawwasnotshoplifting入店行窃.Wecanreducetheimportanceofthecontradictoryinformation—Allkidsarenaughty.Takingabookfromthebookstoreisn’tsuchabigdeal.Wecanchangethemeaningofthecontradictoryinformation—Itwasn’tshopliftingbecausehewasgoingtopayforitlater.Thefirstfactorgivenbytheauthorthataffectsourperceptionis_______.A.whatweseeandwhatwehearB.culturalbackgroundandpersonalexperiencesC.experiencesonelearnsfromothersD.criticalmeasurestakenbyotherpeopleWhileoneobservesaparticularperson_______.A.heislikelytotakeeverythingintoconsiderationB.hepaysmoreattentiontotheperson'sadvantagesC.childrenoftendifferfromgrown-upsinperceptionD.hisperceptionmaybeaffectedbyotherpeople'sopinionsObservationofthesamepersonbytwopeopleatthesametimemaydifferbecause_______.A.theirmeasuringstandardsarenotthesameB.eitherofthemmaybeslowtocatchinformationC.thetimeforobservationisnotlongenoughD.eachofthemusesdifferentlanguagestoexpresshis/herimpressionsTheworstthinginselectiveperceptionisthat________.A.perceivedinformationrunsagainstyourdesireB.itcontainssomeprivatefeelingsthatmaybewrongC.importanceofthecontradictoryinformationcanbepraisedD.thesameinformationmaynotbedealtwithinthesameway