Country-dwellers(农村居民) often say the constant noise, heavy traffic and crowds of the city would drive them maD. Well, they might be right, according to the latest research. City residents are more likely to develop mental illnesses than those who live in villages, a study has founD. Researchers from Cardiff university examined the lifestyles of more than 200,000 people in Sweden and found that those who lived in urban areas were more at risk from mental illnesses than people who lived in villages. The experts don’t know exactly why this is but they suggest that town and city residents are more likely to be ostracized(排挤) by those around them. They are more likely to experience discrimination(歧视) if they do not fit in, which can lead to them feeling anxious and even developing mental illnesses. Dr Stanley Zammit, who led the research said that people living in towns and cities are more likely to develop other mental illnesses that result in personality changes — a condition known as non-affective psychosis(非情感性精神病). Earlier this year an official report found that village-dwellers live an average of two years longer than those living in towns and cities. According to figures from the Office of National Statistics in the UK, men who live in villages are likely to live for between 78 and 79 years, while those in towns and cities can expect to survive to an age of 76. Women on average survive to their 81st birthday in towns and cities, but live to between 82 and 83 in villages. The small marked town of Wimborne Minster in rural Dorset was named the healthiest place to live in. 32.What is the passage mainly about? A. City-dwellers are more likely to develop mental illnesses. B. City-dwellers live longer than country-dwellers. C. Country-dwellers are more likely to develop mental illnesses. D. Country-dwellers live longer than city-dwellers. 33.It can be inferred that ___________. A. people like living in towns and cities B. city-dwellers enjoy their peaceful city life C. village-dwellers get along better with their neighbors than city-dwellers D. village-dwellers are more likely to be looked down upon by others 34.Non-affective psychosis is a kind of mental illnesses that is linked to ________ A. energy weakening B. temperature rise C. pressure increase D. character change 35.We can learn from the last paragraph that generally ________ . A. men living in villages live the longest B. women living in cities live the longest C. women living in villages live the longest D. men living in cities live the longest.

ItdoesnotcomeasasurprisethatDubaihasagrowingproblemwithtragic.Thelocalrulershaveexploredalltheconventionalwaystogettrafficmovingagainincludinghigherpricesforparkingfuelandinsurance.ButatarecentconferenceinHamburgHussainLootahsaidthatthecitymayadoptamorestrictapproachsettinganincomelevelforvehicleownership.MrLootah’sapproachisunlikelytobecopiedwidelybutmayorsofotherbigcitiesaroundtheworldarestartingtothinkabouttakingsevereactionsoftheirownincludingcompletecarbansininnercities.Buttheeffortsmaynotbeenoughtoreducetrafficandpollution.Theproblemswillonlygetworsethenumberofvehiclessoldgloballyeachyearwillgrowfromaround80milliontodaytomorethan100millionbytheendofthedecadeaccordingtoIHSAutomotive.Therearealreadyahandfulofcar-freecommunitiesaroundtheworld.ButthesearetypicallysmallandoftentouristdestinationsthatseektocreateathrowbackintimesuchasSarkIslandintheEnglishChannel.Thelargestear-freeurbanareaisprobablyVenicewhereitisimpossibletobuildroadsandbridgestolinkthemorethan100smallislandsthecitysitson.Yetpedestrianmallsandothercar-freezoneskeeppoppingupincitiesaroundtheworld.Somecitiesareconsideringwaystolimitcentralcityaccesstogreenmachinessuchasbattery-electricvehicles.Hamburgisperhapsthefurthestalong.SuchextremeplansmayflyinacitysuchasHamburg.Butinmanyothercitiesthepoliticalresistanceeventolessfar-reachingmeasuresishardtoovercome.MichaelBloombergNewYork’sformermayortriedtwicetointroduceajamchargeformuchofManhattanbuthisplanswererejectedbystatelawmakers.32.WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellus?A.Dubaigovernmenttriestoimproveitslocalincomes.B.Dubaigovernmenttriestosolvetrafficproblems.C.Dubaigovernmenttriestoreducepricesforparking.D.Dubaigovernmenttriestooffermoreinsurancetolocals.33.Whyisitstillhardtoreducetrafficproblems?A.BecauseMrLootah’sapproachwillbecopiedwidely.B.Becausemayorstakegentlemeasurestowardthem.C.Becausemorevehicleswillbesoldgloballyeachyear.D.Becausecompletecarbansininnercitiesarenotmade.34.WhatcausesVenicetobethelargestcar-freeurbanarea?A.Itsnaturalgeographicalcharacteristics.B.Itstoomanytouristdestinations.C.Itsreducednumberofcars.D.Itsgovernmentlawoncarfree.35.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A.Greenmachinescanbeaccessibleincentralcity.B.Allvehiclescanbeusedincentralcity.C.Hamburgmaynotadoptgreenmachines.D.Peoplecanonlywalkincentralcity.

Inthesummerof2014about17millionpeoplepostedvideosofthemselvesdumping倾倒icewaterovertheirheads.Evenmanyfamouspeopleincludingsinger-songwriterTaylorSwiftbasketballplayerLeBronJamesandformerU.S.PresidentGeorgeW.Bushtookpart.Whydidtheydosuchastrangething?ThoseintheIceBucketChallengeallhelpedraiseawareness意识andmoneytofightamyotrophiclateralsclerosisALSadeadlydiseasE.ItisalsoknownasLouGehrig'sdiseaseafterafamousbaseballplayerwhohadit.Itdestroysneuronsnervecellsthatcontrolmuscle肌肉movement.Eachyearabout5600peopleintheU.S.arediagnosed诊断withALS.ThediseaseleadstotheinabilitytomovE.Manypeopledietwotofiveyearsafterlearningtheyhaveit.Rightnowthere'snorighttreatmentforALS.ButtheIceBucketChallengemayhelpleadtoonE.BeforetheIceBucketChallengefewpeopleknewaboutthisterriblediseaseJonathanLingsaiD.HeisoneofthescientistsatJohnsHopkinsUniversityinMarylanD.HisteamwasunabletocompleteitsresearchwithoutthemoneyraisedthroughtheIceBucketChallengeLingsays.ThroughtheirresearchLingandhisteamdiscoveredthataprotein蛋白质isdamagedinmostALSpatients.Thescientistsalsofoundthatnervecellswiththesedamagedproteinsdiequickly.Butwhenthescientistsputanewproteinthatactedlikethedamagedoneintothenervecellstheneuronscamebacktolife!Thankstotheteam'sresearchexpertsbelievetheymaybeonestepclosertoatreatmentthatslowsdownorevenstopsALS.StillmoreresearchneedstobedoneLingadmits.WiththatinmindtheALSAssociationispromisingthattheIceBucketChallengewillcontinueeveryAugustuntilagoodtreatmentisfounD.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutALS?A.NooneknowshowtotreatthediseasE.B.Itisalsonamedafterasinger.C.Peoplewilldieafewdaysaftertheyhaveit.D.Itcanmakepeoplelosetheabilitytohear.13.WhatmightbeLing'sattitudetotheIceBucketChallenge?A.WorrieD.B.Doubtful.C.UninteresteD.D.Thankful.14.AccordingtothetextLing'steam__A.knowslittleaboutALSB.isnowshortofmoneyC.hasmadesomeprogressD.needsmoreresearchers15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtheIceBucketChallengestartedB.TheIceBucketChallengeandALSC.JonathanLinggreatALSresearcherD.Somelittle-knownfactsaboutALS

TodaymanyspeciesofanimalsandplantsareendangereD.Thismeanstheyareindangerofbecomingextinctandlivingononlyinthepagesofhistorybooks.Thefamousdodoisaclassicexampleofacreaturethatbecameextinct.A.flightlessbirdthatlivedontheislandofMauritiusitwasdiscoveredbysailorsin1598butwashuntedtoextinctionby1681.HuntinghascausedtheBengaltigerandtheAfricanelephanttobeendangeredtodaybuthabitatdestructioncanalsoleadtoextinction.Thisisequallytrueforplants.Animalsandplantsdisappearforotherreasonstoobutthemaincauseisoftenadisruption打乱破坏inthenaturalfoodchainwhetherduetohuntinghabitatdestructionoreventheintroductionofalienspecies.Thenaturalfoodchainisthecyclethatgovernstheexistenceofalllifeonthisplanet.Itisacarefullybalancedcycleandanyimbalancethatoccurscancauseknock-oneffectsthathaveseriousconsequences.Atthebeginningofthenaturalfoodchainareplantswhichturnsunlightintoenergyanddrawnutrientsfromtheearth.Plantsarecalledproducers.Aftertheproducerscometheconsumers.Therearethreetiersofconsumers.Firstarecreaturessuchasplant-eatinganimalsfishandinsectswhichfeedofftheproducers.Theseanimalsthatonlyeatplantsarecalledherbivores.Thesecondtierofconsumersarecarnivores-animalsthatliveoffotheranimals.Thethirdtierofconsumerseatsbothotheranimalsandplants.Theseconsumersincludingmosthumansarecalledomnivores.Afteranimalsandplantsdietheybecomefoodforothersmallercreaturessuchasbacteriaandsomeplantssuchasfungi.Astheyfeedthesecreaturesturnthedeadbodiesbackintogasesandmineralswhichareagainfoodfortheproducersatthebeginningofthefoodchain.Andsothecyclecontinues.AllofnatureisconnectedandgovernedbyhundredsofthesedelicatefoodchainsandifasingleplantinthechaincannotsurvivethentheinsectsthatliveofftheplantstarttodieandtheanimalsthateattheinsectsalsostarttodiE.Whenafoodchainisdisruptedtheconsequencescanbeextremelyserious.Oneestimatesuggeststhatforeachplantspeciesthatislostupto30animalsandinsectsmayalsodieout.Onewondershowmanyspecieswereaffectedbytheextinctionofthedodo?Humanscanhavedisastrouseffectsonfoodchains.We'vealreadymentionedhuntingbutnowlet'slookattravel.Whenpeoplefirststartedtoexploretheworldtheytookplantandanimalspeciesfromtheirhomecountriesandintroducedthemwherevertheywent.Theydidn'trealizethatbyintroducingalienspeciestheyweredisruptingthenaturalfoodchainsoftheareastheydiscovereD.Althoughtherearestrictrulesinplacetodaycontrollingtheimportandexportofalienspeciessomeplacesarestillfightingtheeffectsofaliensintroducedhundredsofyearsago.ForexampleGoughIslandintheSouthAtlanticOceanisabreedinggroundforalbatrossesthathavebeennestingthereforcenturies.Butinthe19thcenturymicefrompassingshipswerebroughttotheislanD.Beingaspeciesalientotheislandtheyhadnonaturalpredatorsandhavenowgrowntosuchasizethattheyareattackingandkillingalbatrosschicks.Iftheyareallowedtocontinuetheywillwipeoutthealbatrosspopulation.Withimportlawsandpeople'srisingawarenessofhowhumansaffectthenaturalenvironmenthopefullywecanlearntofitbetterintothenaturalfoodchainsthatgovernourworlD.Otherwiseweneedtoacceptthatthelossofanymoreplantsandanimalscouldeventuallymeanourownextinction.62.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytellus?A.Huntingandhabitatdestructionleadtoextinction.B.ManyspeciesofanimalsandplantsareendangereD.C.Plantsandanimalsbecomeextinctforthesamereasons.D.Themaincauseofextinctionisoftenadisruptioninthenaturalfoodchain.63.WhichofthefollowingsentenceisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Strictrulesalonecanremovethebadeffectsofalienspecies.B.Plantsherbivoresandcarnivoresarethethreetiersofconsumers.C.IfabirdbecomesextincttherelevantfoodchainwillbedisrupteD.D.AnimalsandplantsbecomeextinctbecausealienspeciesareimporteD.64.BymentioningthemiceinGoughIslandtheauthorintendstohighlight______.A.miceworldwidearegrowingallthetimeB.beingalienstheyhadnonaturalpredatorsC.someplacesarestillfightingtheeffectsofaliensD.travelingcanhavedisastrouseffectsonfoodchains65.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Survivalofthefittest.B.Endangeredanimalsandplants.C.Howtoprotectthenaturalenvironment.D.Thelinkbetweenfoodchainsandextinction.

TheweatherpredictionsforAsiain2050readlikeastoryfromadoomsdaymoviE.Manyexpertsandgreengroupsfeartheywillcometrueunlessthereisaunitedglobalefforttoholdbackgreenhousegasoutpouring.InthedecadestocomeAsia—hometomorethanhalftheworld's63billionpeople—willchangefromoneclimateextremetoanotherwithtiredfarmersbattlingdroughtsfloodsdiseasefoodshortagesandrisingsealevels.It'snotaprettypicturesaidSteveSawyerclimatepolicyadviserwithGreenpeaceinAmsterdam.GlobalwarmingandchangesofweatherpatternsarealreadyoccurringandthereismorethanenoughcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintheatmospheretodriveclimatechangefordecadestocomE.AlreadychangesarebeingfeltinAsiabutworseislikelytocomE.Sawyerandtopclimatebodiessayandcouldleadtomassmigrationandwidespreadhumandisasters.AccordingtopredictionsicebergswillmeltfastersomePacificandIndianOceanislandswillhavetoevacuateorbuildseadefensesstormswillbecomestrongerandinsectsandwater-bornediseaseswillmoveintonewareasastheworldwarms.Allthiscomesontopofrisingpopulationsanddemandforfoodwaterandotherresources.ExpertssayenvironmentalworseningsuchasdeforestationandpollutionwilllikelyenlargetheresultsofclimatechangE.InwhatcouldbeasignofthefutureJapanwashitbyarecordof10typhoonsandtropicalstormsthisyearwhiletwo-thirdsofBangladeshpartsofNepalandlargeareasofnortheasternIndiawerefloodedaffecting50millionpeopledestroyinglivelihoodsandmakingtensofthousandsill.Theyearbeforeawintercoldstrikeandasummerheatwavekilledmorethan2000peopleinIndiA.32.Thispassageismainlyabout________.A.presentsituationandpredictionsofenvironmentalproblemsinAsiA.B.theweatherpredictionsforAsiainthefutureandthereasonsC.howtoimproveourenvironmentD.reasonswhytheworldwillnolongerbesuitableforustolivein33.InthefuturetheAsianfarmerswillhavetofacethefollowingexcept________.A.foodshortagesB.warsC.droughtsD.floods34.Theunderlinedworddoomsdayinthefirstparagraphmaymean________.A.thehellB.theendoftheworldC.agreatworldwarD.mystery35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Asianclimatewillchangegreatly.B.SomeislandsmaybefloodedinthefuturE.C.Peoplemaymeetwithsomenewdiseasesresultingfromwater.D.Morethan50millionpeoplehavebeenillinAsiatheyearbeforE.

Iwaspuzzled!Whywasthisoldwomanmakingsuchacomplaintaboutourwaytodealwithanoldbushwhichwasofnousetoanybody?Shehadwrittenletterstothelocalpapereventoanationaltoprotestaboutourprojectedby-passtohervillageandlookingatamaptheroutewasnowherenearwhereshelivedanditwasn’tasiftheareawasattractivE.IwasmorethanpuzzledIwasintrigueD.Iwantedtoknowwhatitwasthatmotivatedher.SoitwasthatIfoundmyselfknockingonacottagedoorbeingreceivedbyMarySmithandthenbeingtakenforawalktothewoods.I’vealwayslovedthisplaceshesaidithasalotofmemoriesformeandforothers.Weallusedit.Theycalledit‘Loverslane’.It’snotmuchofalaneanditdoesn’tgoanywhereimportantbutthat’swhyweallcameherE.Tobeawayfrompeopletobebyourselves.SheaddeD.ItwasindeedpleasantthatdayandthesongsofmanybirdscouldbehearD.Squirrelsgazedfromthebranchesquiteboldintheirmovementsobviouslyfewpeoplepassedthiswayandtheyhadnothingtofear.Icouldimaginethenoiseofvehiclespassingthroughthesepeacefulwoodswhentheby-passwasbuiltsoIfeltthatsheprobablyhadsomethingtherebutasIholdstrongopinionsabouttheneedsofthecommunityover-ridingtheopinionsofprivateindividualsIsaidnothing.Thevillagewasquiteadistantanddangerousplacebecauseofthetrafficespeciallyforoldpeopleandchildrentheirsafetywasmoreimportanttomethananoldwoman’swhims怪念头.TakethistreeshesaidpausingafterashortwhilE.ToyouitisjustthatatreE.Notunlikemanyothershere.Shegentlytouchedthebark.Lookhereunderthisbranchwhatcanyousee?ItlooksasifsomeonehasdoneabitofcarvingwithaknifeIsaidafteracursory草率的inspection.Yesthat’swhatitis!shesaidsoftly.Therearelettersandalover’sheart.Ilookedagainthistimemorecarefully.Theheartwasstillthereandtherewasanarrowthroughit.Thelettersononesidewereindistinctbutontheotheran‘R’wasclearlyvisiblewithwhatlookedlikean‘I’afterit.Somebuddingromance?IaskedDidyouknowwhotheywere?OhyesIknewthemsaidMarySmithitsaysRHlovesMS.AfterapauseshewentonHehadapenknifeandIhelpedhimtocarvemyinitials.Wewereverymuchinlovebuthewasgoingawayandcouldnottellmewhathewasinvolvedinthearmy.IhadguessedofcoursE.ItwasthelasteveningweeverspenttogetherbecausehewentawaythenextdaybacktohisUnit.MarySmithwasquietforawhilethenshesobbedHismothershowedmethetelegram.‘SergeantRHolmes...KilledinactionintheinvasionofFrancE.’IrealizedthatIcouldbegettingoutofmydepthandlongedtobeinmyofficeawayfromhereandthisoldladysnugandwithacupofteainmyhanD.TherewasafurtherpausE.MarySmithgentlytouchedthewoundedtreejustasshewouldhavecaressedhim.AndnowtheywanttotakeourtreeawayfrommE.AnotherquietsobthensheturnedtomE.IwasyoungandprettythenIcouldhavehadanybodyIwasn’talwaystheoldwomanyouseeherenow.IcouldhavehadeverythingIwantedinlifealovelymanhealthandafuturetolookforwardsto.ShepausedagainandlookedarounD.ThebreezegentlymovedthroughtheleaveswithasighingsounD.TherewereothersofcoursebutnotapatchonmyRobin!shesaidstrongly.AndnowIhavenothingexceptthememoriesthistreeholds.IfonlyIcouldgetmyhandsonthatawfulmanwhowritesinthepaperaboutthevalueoftheroadtheyaregoingtobuildwherewearestandingnowIwouldtellhim.Hasheneverlovedhasheneverliveddoeshenotknowanythingaboutmemories?WewerenottheonlyonesyouknowIstillmeetsomewhocamehereasRobinandIdiD.YesIwouldtellhim!Iturnedawaysickatheart.32.Whywastheby-passtoMarySmith’svillagetobebuiltthroughthesewoods?A.Thecommunitywantedtoexplorethebeautyofthewoodsasawayoftourism.B.Manypeoplepassedthesewoodscausingheavytrafficjam.C.Thetrafficwasinconvenientmakingthevillageadangerousplacetolivein.D.Thevillagewasquitefarawayanditseconomyneededimproving.33.TheunderlinedsentenceIfeltthatsheprobablyhadsomethingtheremeans________.A.IthoughttheremightbesomethinghiddeninthewoodsbyMarySmithB.IguessedtheremightbeastoryrelatedwithMarySmithC.IthoughttheremightbesomereasonforMarySmith’sprotestD.IguessedtheremightbeasecretpurposeofMarySmith.34.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto________.A.drawattentiontothedamagethatwarscauseB.persuadepeopletogiveupprivateinterestC.arousetheawarenessofbeingenvironmentallyfriendlyD.introduceatouchingbutsadlovestory

CountMeOutCallmeold-fashioneD.CallmeolD.CallmewhatyouwantbutIrefusetobecomepartofthisnewInternetworlD.IdonotpossessacomputerathomeorattheofficE.ActuallyIstoppedgoingtoanoffice35yearsagowhenallcommunicationsweredonewithapenatypewriterorifthematterwasofworld-shakingimportanceoverthetelephonE.Likewiseifyoulikedsomethingadvertisedinanewspaperormagazineyouvisitedtheshopsellingitatthegivenaddressoryouphonedthenumbershown.Thenyouspoketothefellowandaskedforfurtherdetails.Tellmewhatyouthinkofthefollowingadthatappearedtheotherdayinthenewspaper.ItwasforacureforcancerandthisiswhatitsaidAwarenessisthekey.VisitspfulforD.comattheawarenesssitE.TherewasnoaddressortelephonenumberforthesitE.Sowhatdounfortunatepeoplewithoutacomputerdoiftheyareseekingacurefortheirillness?ThereareIamtoldcertainadvantagesinhavingaccesstotheInternet.YoucanforexamplesendlovemessagesacrosstheworldorevengetmarriedtosomeonethatyoumeetonlinE.Thisbitdoesn’tinterestmeIhavebeenhappilymarriedfor60years.ThereareofcourseotheractivitiesforInternetusersbesidesfindinglovE.Theycanpaybillsordergroceriesordiscusswiththeirdoctors.Andthisisbynomeansa11.MoreamazingthingsareyettocomeinthenearfuturE.IreadanewspaperreportrecentlythatquotedStephenHawkinganimportantBritishscientist.ThecomplexityofacomputerasitexiststodayisprobablylessthanthebrainofanearthwormhesaiD.ButastechnologyadvancescomputerswillbecomemorecomplexandatimemaycomewhentheInternetmaydevelop‘consciousness.’InotherwordstheInternetwillbeabletothinkhavefeelingsandmaywellbeabletoactonitsown.IfProfessorHawkingisrightImaychangemyattitudeaboutcomputers.AsIgrowoldereachday1wouldlikeoneofthosethatnotonlythinksformebutalsoacceptsresponsibilitiesforallmymistakes.21.What’sthemeaningofthetitleCountMeOut?A.GetmeoutoftheInternetworlD.B.ComputersaretryingtotakecontroloflifeC.Moderntechnologypushesoldpeopleaway.D.DonotexpectmetobeasupporteroftheInternet.22.AccordingtoParagraph2theauthorthinkscomputersare___.A.unnecessaryB.convenientC.expensiveD.advanced23.Whatmighttheauthor1ikeaboutthefuturecomputer?A.Takingblames.B.Curingillnesses.C.Deliveringmessages.D.Respondingtoemotions.

Friendshipcandeeplyaffectthephysicalandmentalhealthofbothmenandwomen.Studiesshowthatpeoplewhohavenofriendsorwhoarelonelyaremorelikelytodieearliergetsickmoreoftenandsuffergreaterphysicalwearandtear折磨thanthosewhohaveasupportsystemoffriends.Sometimesfamilymembersmaybemorelikelytogiveyouadviceortellyouwhatyoudon'twanttohear.Itmaynotbeasgoodasafriendwhowilllistentoyouandguideyoubutsupportyourdecisionsanyway.Themostimportantelementsaboutfriendshiparethosewhosuffersupportanddonotjudgeyourdecisionsbasedonsociety.Onereasonforthelinkbetweensocialsupportandgoodhealthpracticeseemstobethatpeoplewhofeelcaredforbyothersarelessstress-outandprotectedagainstthesymptoms症状ofdepressionandloneliness.Generallywomenbenefitmostbecauseofhowtheydealwithstress.Womenaremoresocialinhowtheydealwithstressthanmenwhilemenaremorelikelytohaveafightorflightreaction.Womenalsotendtohavelargerdenser密集的socialnetworkinwhichmorepeopleknoweachotherandhelpeachotherwhilementypicallyhavesmallergroupsoffriendsandwillrelyontheirwivesorotherimportantpeopleformoresupport.Whilealltheseaffectpeoplepsychologically心理上friendshipbringscomfortthatreducestheilleffectsofstressandthesexdifferencealsocontributestothediffer­enceinthelengthofone'slifetimE.36.Intheauthor'sopinionarealfriendshould.A.tellyouwhattodoevenifyourefusetohearitB.trytopersuadeyoutochangeyourmindquicklyC.judgeyourdecisionaccordingtohisherexperienceD.giveyouadvicebutrespectyourowndecision37.Womenbenefitmorefromfriendshipthanmenbecause.A.womenarealwayscaredforbymorepeoplethanmenB.womenareusuallylessstress-outwhenstayingwithothersC.womenaremorelikelytosolveproblemswithfriends’helpD.womencanalwayskeepmorelong-lifefriendshipthanmen38.Accordingtothepassagewecaninferthat.A.it'sgoodforwomentotellmenwhattheyshoulddoornotB.friendsarealwaysmoreimportantthanfamilymembersC.mendon'twanttosharetheirproblemswithmanypeopleD.thetrendthatwomencanlivelongermakesthemmorerelaxed

ThehitmovieFindingNemofollowsaclownfishfromtheGreatBarrierReef.InreallifeclownfishareamongthethousandsofcolorfulseacreaturesthatcalltheGreatBarrierReefhome.Stretchingl250milesalongAustralia'snortheastern.coasttheGreatBarrierReefisthelongestcoralreefintheworld.A.coralreefisalivingunderwaterstructure.ButthesedaystheGreatBarrierReefhasfounditselfintrouble.Overfishingpollutionandhightemperaturesareharmingitshealth.That'swhythegovernmentinAustraliaistryingtohelprescuethereef.UnderwaterGardenWhilecoralmaylooklikeaplantitisactuallymadeupoftinyseaanimal.Thoseseaanimalsarecalledcoralpolyps.Aspolypsdietheyleavehard.shellsbehind.Otherpolypsgrowontopoftheshells.Overthousandsofyearstheyformacoralreefinwarmwaterthatisnotverydeep.InmanywaystheGreatBarrierReefresemblesanunderwatergarden.Coralcanbehardorsoft.Itformsindifferentcolorsandinstrangeshapes.Somecorallookslikehardenedbrains.Othercorallookslikefansandlettuces.Thereefburstswithschoolsoftropicalfishdashingamonggapsinthecoral.Thereefsuppliesfood.and.sheltertocreatureslivinginandaroundthecoral.Turtlessharksseahorsesandcrabsareamongitsmanyinhabitants.HelpingHumansWhilethereefisimportanttooceanlifeithelpshumanstoo.Peoplerelyonthereefforbothfoodandjobs.Italsoprovidesmedicineusedtotreatdisease.EachyeartheGreatBarrierReefcontributesabout$975milliontotheeconomythroughtourismandfishing.StressedOutIsitsurprisingthenthattheGreatBarrierReefisundertoomuchstress?Fishingnetsandshipsbreakoffsectionsanddamagethereef.Airandwaterpollutionarealsodoingharm.Atthesametimewarmerseatemperatureshavecausedcoralbleaching漂白onhalfofthereef.Thehightemperaturescausethecoraltoturnwhiteoftenkillingit.ReefRescueInanefforttohelpsavethereefthegovernmenthaslimitedfishingtotwothirdsofit.Thatplanincreasesthenumberofgreenzones.Thoseareareasthatareoff-limitstofishermenandboats.Howevertouristsandresearcherscanstillvisitthem.Manyfishermenareupsetabouttheplanbecausetheyrelyonthereefforjobs.TheAustraliangovernmentsaysthatitsplanwillhelpkeepthereefsafefromsomethreats.ItisveryimportantthatwegiveB.reefproperprotectionforthefuturesaidonegovernmentofficial.ThereefisAustralia'sgreatestnaturaltreasure.34.WhichofthefollowingisnotacreaturethatlivesintheGreatBarrierReef?A.Coralpolyps.B.Turtles.C.Seahorses.D.Whales.35.Whichsectiondescribestheprobleminthispassage?A.UnderwaterGardenB.HelpingHumansC.StressedOutD.ReefRescue36.WhatpicturecanthereadergetfromtheunderlinedsentenceThereefburstswithschoolsoftropicalfishdashingamonggapsinthecoral.inParagraph6?A.Manyfishquicklymovingthroughthecoral.B.Fishmovingtowardthecenterortargetofthecoral.C.Structuredorderlygroupsofyoungfishwithoutaclearpath.D.Fishexplodingwhentheycomeintocontactwithgapsinthecoral.37.Whatisthispassagemostlyabout?A.Thecausesofreefproblemsanpossiblesolutions.B.Coralbleachingwhichcausesthereeftoturnwhite.C.ThehistoryoftourismtotheGreatBarrierReef.D.Overfishingandhighertemperatures.

TherewasonceamancalledMr.Flowersandflowerswerehisonlyjoyinlife.Hespentallhisfreetimeinoneofhisfourglass-housesandgrewflowersofeverycolorwithlonganddifficultnamesforcompetitions.Hetriedtogrowaroseofanewcolortowinthesilvercup银杯fortheRoseoftheYear.Mr.Flowers’glass-houseswereveryneartoamiddleschool.Boysofaroundthirteenofagewereoftentempted引诱tothrowastoneortwoatoneofMr.Flowers’glass-houses.SoMr.Flowersdidhisbesttobeinornearhisglass-housesatthebeginningandendoftheschoolday.Butitwasnotalwayspossibletobeonwatchatthosetimes.Mr.Flowershadtriedinmanywaystoprotecthisglassbutnothingthathehaddonehadbeenuseful.Hehadbeentoschooltoreporttotheheadmaster;butthishadnotdoneanygood.Hehadtriedtodriveawaytheboysthatthrewstonesintohisgarden;buttheboyscouldrunfasterthanhecouldandtheylaughedathimfromfaraway.Hehadevenpickedupallthestonesthathecouldfindaroundhisgardensothattheboyswouldhavenothingtothrow;buttheysoonfoundothers.AtlastMr.Flowershadagoodidea.Heputupalargenotice布告madeofgoodstrongwoodsomemetersawayfromtheglass-houses.Onithehadwrittenthewords:DONOTTHROWSTONESATTHISNOTICE.AfterthisMr.Flowershadnofurthertrouble;theboysweremuchmoretemptedtothrowstonesatthenoticethanattheglass-houses.1.ItwasMr.Flowers’hopeto________.A.buildglass-housesinhisfreetimeB.growtheRoseoftheYearinasilvercupC.winasilvercupforgrowingaroseofanewcolorD.growarosewiththelongestname2.Boyswereoftentemptedto________.A.throwstonesatMr.Flowers’glass-houseB.throwstonesatMr.FlowersfromtheirschoolC.beinornearbyMr.Flowers’glass-housesD.playwithMr.Flowersnearhisglass-houses3.Mr.Flowersstayedinornearbyhisglass-houses_______.A.attimeswhenschool-boyswerewalkingnearthemB.alltheschooldaywhentherewerenoboysaboutC.wherehecouldnotbeseenbytheboyspassingD.atthebeginningandendoftheschoolday4.Mr.Flowershadtriedto______toprotecthisglass.A.beonwatchinhisfreetimeB.asktheheadmasterforhelpC.pickupallthestonesaroundhisgardenD.doalltheabove5.Mr.Flowers’goodideawasto______.A.writesomewordsontheglassB.putupalargenoticetocoverhisglass-housesC.givetheboyssomethingelsetothrowstonesatD.sendforpolicemen

Whenhumansandnaturegoheadtoheadnatureoftenendsuplosing.RiversgetpolluteD.Treesareknockeddown.Naturalresourcesareusedup.That’swhatmakestheGalapagosIslands加拉帕格斯群岛sospecial–it’soneofthefewplacesontheEarththatnaturecantrulycallitsown.AvisittotheGalapagosisarealeye-openingexperiencE.Over1600kmwestofEcuador厄瓜多尔theislandsarehometoauniquevarietyofanimalsthathaveabsolutelynofearofpeoplE.Visitorscanplayonthebeachwithsealionsandgiantseaturtlesswimwithdolphinsandwhalesandgetcloseenoughtothepenguinstocounttheeggsintheirnests.Theislandsweredeclaredanationalparkover40yearsagoandthenumberofhumanvisitorsistightlylimitedtoavoiddamagingtheenvironmentorputtingstressontheanimals.Touristshavetopay$100forthedailyfeeandcan’tstepofftheboatunlessaccompaniedbyanofficialguidE.Onceontheislandsyouhavetostayonthespecialcar.Theanimalsaresocuriousaboutpeoplethatthey’llusuallycomeuptosayhello.It’salittlelikebeinginazoosaidonetraveler.Butinsteadofuslookingattheanimalstheanimalsarelookingatus.Besidesthewildlifeoneoftheislands’moreunusualfeaturesisitspostofficE.Youcansendpostcardsforfreebuttheproblemisthatthere’snopostmantocollectthem.Insteadtravelerspickupmailaddressedtopeoplewholivenearthembackhomeandthenhand-deliverthepostcardswhentheirtripisfinisheD.21.TheGalapagosIslandsare_______.A.terriblypollutedB.intheAtlanticOceanC.nearEcuadorD.independentofEcuador22.WhichanimalisNOTmentionedinthepassage?_______.A.WhalesB.SealionsC..DolphinsD.Goats23.OntheGalapagosIslandsthemailisdeliveredby_______.A.thegovernmentB.thepostofficeC.thetouristsD.theguides24.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?_______.A.HumanandNatureB.A.SpecialZooC.GoHeadtoHeadD.Ecuador–AnIslandCountry25.Whatisoneoftheislands’moreunusualfeatures?_______.A.TherearesomepostmentocollectlettersB.ThereareonlythewildanimalsontheislandsC.YouneedtobuystampstosendlettersD.Travelersdeliverthelettersbythemselves

LadiesandgentlemensayhellotoPIBOT.DevelopedinSouthKoreathislittlemachineisaboutthesizeofachild’stoyandhasaheadthatkindoflookslikeatoaster烤箱.It’salsoabletoflyaplanE.Theresearchersresponsiblefortherobot’sdevelopmenthaveactuallymanagedtoprogramitwithalltheknowledgeandskillsnecessarytooperateastandardairplanE.Throughabuilt-inwebcam网络摄像机PIBOTisabletogatherinformationaboutitssurroundings—suchaslocationairspeedandweatherconditions.Withallofthisinformationit’sabletomakedecisionsinmuchthesamewayasahumanpilotwoulD.It’salreadycompletedonesuccessfultestflight—sortof.InthevideopresentedatIROS2014inChicagoPIBOTwasseenguidingtheairplanethroughashorttestflightinaflightsimulator模拟器—aprocesswhichincludedbothtakeoffandlanding.It’ssupercool.Nowit’sworthmentioningthat—evenasimpressiveasPIBOTis—wearen’tgoingtobeseeingitinanyrealairplanesatanypointinthenearfuturE.Althoughthelittlerobotiscertainlyabletooperateaplaneitdoesn’tquitehavetheskillsnecessarytoaddresssomeoftherealworldsituationsmetbypilots—suchasbadweatherormix-upsontherunway.Itdoesn’tmeetthegovernment’sruleseither.Theinventorsaren’tterriblydiscouragedhowever.Theyexpectthatit’sonlyamatteroftimebeforetheymanagetogetPIBOTuptothenecessarystandards.Whenthedaycomeswemightseeairlinesputtoworkawholenewtypeofpilot;onewhonevertiresnevergetshungryandnevermakesmistakes.So...ifyou’veacareerinaviation航空itmightsoonbetimetostartplanningforretirement退休.28.WeknowfromthetextthatPIBOT_____.A.isverylargeB.canserveasatoasterC.wasdevelopedinChicagoD.isdesignedtooperateaplane29.InthepresentedvideoPIBOT_____.A.competedwithahumanpilotB.completedseveraltestflightsC.madedecisionstotallylikehumansD.successfullyguidedaplanetotakeoffandland30.Whywon’tPIBOTbeputintouse?A.Itcan’tpredictweatherconditions.B.Itcan’tdealwithrealworldsituations.C.Itdoesn’thavetheskillstooperateaplanE.D.Itcan’tgatherinformationaboutitssurroundings.31.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthat_____.A.PIBOTwon’tmakeanymistakeinaflightB.theresearcherswillhavetoabandontheplanC.PIBOTwillsurelyreplacehumanpilotsonedayD.theinventorsareconfidentaboutthefutureofPIBOT

WhomadeyourT-shirt?A.GeowetownUniversitystudentraisedthatquestion.PietraRivoliaprofessorofbusinesswantedtofindtheanswer.A.fewweekslatersheboughtaT-shirtandbegantofollowitspathfromTexascottonformtoChinesefactorytocharitybin箱.TheresultisaninterestingnewbookTheTravelsofaT-shirtintheGlobalEconomy.FollowingaT-shirtaroundtheworldinawaytomakeherpointmoreinterestingbutitalsofreesRivolifromtheusualargumentsoverglobaltradE.ShegoeswherevertheT-shirtgoesandtherearesurprisesaroundeverycorner.InChinaRivolishowswhyaclothingfactoryevenwithitspoorconditionsmeansasteptowardabetterlifeforthepeoplewhoworktherE.Inthecolorfulused-clothingmarketsofTanzaniasherealizesthisitisonlyinthisfinalstageoflifethattheT-shirtwillmeetarealmarketwherethepriceofashirtchangesbythehourandisdifferentbyitssizeandevencolor.Rivoli’sbookisfullofmemerablepeopleandsceneslikethenoisethebadairandthemuddy-sweetsmellofthecotton.ShesaysHereinthefactoryShanghaismellslikeShallowaterTexas.Rivoliisatherbestwhenmakingthosesortsofunexpectedconnections.Sheevenfindsonebetweenthefreetradersandthosewhoareagainstglobalization.Thechancesopenedupbytradearevastshearguesbutfreemarketsneedthecorrectingforceofpoliticstokeepthemincheck.Trueeconomicprogressneedsthemboth.28.WhatdowelearnaboutProfessorRivoli?A.Sheusedtoworkonacottonfarm.B.ShewroteabookaboutworldtradE.C.ShewantstogiveupherteachingjoB.D.ShewearsaT-shirtwherevershegoes.29.BysayingT-shirtmeetarealmarketRivolimeansinTanzania_______.A.cheaperT-shirtsareneedeD.B.usedT-shirtsarehardtosellC.pricesofT-shirtriseandfallfrequentlyD.pricesofT-shirtareusuallyreasonable30.Whatdoesthewordthemunderlinedinthelastparagraphreferto?A.Free-markets.B.Pricechanges.C.Unexpectedconnection.D.ChancesopenedupbytradE.31.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhatT-shirtCanDotoHelpCottonFarmsB.HowT-shirtAreMadeinShanghaiC.HowT-shirtAreSoldinTanzaniaD.WhatT-shirtCanTeachUs

ThestrongemphasisoneducationalachievementinChinaJapanandotherpartsofSouth-EastAsiamaybecomingataheavypricE.Researcherssaythathardworkatschoolplusthelackofexposuretooutdoorlightisdamagingtheeyesofalmostnineoutoftenstudents—withoneinfiveatseriousriskofvisualimpairmentandblindness.ThescientistssaythatyoungpeopleneeduptothreehoursadayofoutdoorlightbutmanyinfantsarealsomissingoutastheynapduringlunchtimE.Dr.IanMorganistheleadauthorofthestudy.Ithinkwhat'shappenedinSouth-EastAsiaisthatwe'vegotadoublewhammy.We'vegotthemassiveeducationalpressuresandwe'vegottheconstructionofachild'sdayinawaythatreallyminimisestheamountoftimetheyspendoutsideinbrightlight.Thescientistssaythatgeneticfactorslongthoughttoplayabigroleinshort-sightednessarenotasimportantastheenvironment.TheypointtoSingaporeasaplacewithseveraldifferentracialgroupsallofwhomarenowsufferinghighlevelsofshort-sightedness.TheauthorssuggestthatcompulsorytimeoutdoorsshouldbeconsideredbyeducationalauthoritiesacrossSouth-EastAsiaasawayofdealingwiththeproblem.28.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.EducationalachievementinAsiA.B.SightproblemsinSouth-EastAsiA.C.Riskofvisualimpairmentandblindness.D.Massiveeducationalpressures29.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartadoublewhammyreferto?A.Manyinfants’napsandmassiveeducationalpressures.B.Hardworkatschoolandtheconstructionofachild'sday.C.Educationalpressuresandthelackofexposuretooutdoorlight.D.Geneticfactorsandtheminimisedtimespentoutsideinbrightlight.30.BymentioningSingaporetheauthorintendstotellusthat________.A.geneticfactorsplayabigroleinshort-sightednessB.ithasseveraldifferentracialgroupsC.allSingaporeansareshortsightednowD.theenvironmenthasgreatereffectonpeople’seyes31.Theauthorsstronglybelievethat__________.A.weshouldspendenoughtimeoutdoorsB.infantsshouldnotnapduringlunchtimeC.studentsshouldnotworkhardatschoolD.educationalauthoritiesaretoblameforshort-sightedness

RevolutionaryTVEarsTVEarshashelpedthousandsofpeoplewithvariousdegreesofhearinglosshearthetelevisionclearlywithoutturningupthevolume音量andnowit’sbetterandmoreaffordablethanever!WithTVEarswirelesstechnologyyousetyourownheadsetvolumewhileotherTVlistenershearthetelevisionatavolumelevelthat’scomfortableforthem.YoucanevenlistenthroughtheheadsetonlyandputtheTVonmute静音ifthesituationcallsforaquietenvironment—maybethebabyissleeping.OrperhapsyouaretheonlyonewhoisinterestedinlisteningtotheballgamE.TVEarspatentedtechnologyincludesarevolutionarynoisereductioncartipnotusedinanyothercommerciallyavailableheadset.ThistipreducesoutsidenoisesothattelevisiondialogueisclearandunderstandablE.Getthetechnologythathasproventohelpthemostdemandingcustomers.That’swhyTVEarshasearnedthetrustandconfidenceofaudiologists听觉学家nationwideaswellasworld-famousdoctors.DoctorRecommendedTVEars!MywifeandIhaveusedTVEarsalmostdailyforthepasttwoyearsandfindthemagreathelpinourenjoymentoftelevision.AsaretiredeardoctorIheartilyrecommendTVEarstopeoplewithnormalhearingaswellasthosewithhearingloss.—RobertForbesM.DCACustomerRecommendedTVEars!NowmyhusbandcanhavethevolumeasloudasheneedsandIcanhavetheTVatmyhearinglevel.TVEarsissocomfortablethatJackforgetshehasthemon!HecanonceagainhearandunderstandthedialoguE.—Darlene&JackBCARiskFreeTrial!TVEarscomeswitha30-dayriskfreetrial.SpecialOffer—Now＄59.95.Ifyou’renotsatisfiedreturnit.Money-backguarantee!Callnow!800-123-783234.TVEarshelpsyou_____.A.improveyoursleepingqualityB.listentoTVwithoutdisturbingothersC.changeTVchannelswithoutdifficultyD.becomeinterestedinballgameprograms35.WhatmakesTVEarsdifferentfromotherheadsets?A.ItcaneasilysetTVonmutE.B.ItsheadsetvolumeisadjustablE.C.Ithasanewnoisereductioncartip.D.Itappliesspecialwirelesstechnology.36.Thisadvertisementismademorebelievableby_____.A.usingrecommendationsB.offeringreasonsforthisinventionC.providingstatistics.D.showingtheresultsofexperiments.

Conventionalwisdomisamajorbarriertoinnovation创新thatthreatensthesurvivalofcompanieseverywherE.It’sbasedontheassumption假设thatoldideaswillalwaysworksotheyshouldn’tbechallengeD.Whilethismaybeavalid有效的assumptioninsituationsthatdon’tchangeit’sunlikelytoholdtrueinachangingsituation.Intoday’srapidchangingglobalenvironmentoldmethodsoftendon'tworkandstubbornlyusingthemcanleadtomajorproblems.Mostpeopleseemtoagreewithconventionalwisdombecauseitgivesoneafalsesenseofsecurity.IfeveryoneelsebelievesitthenitmustbetruE.IndividualswhouseconventionalwisdomarecertainthattheyarerightandbeingrightisgooD.Theywanttocontinueusingoldideasratherthantakeriskswithchangesthatmightnotwork.In1977KenOlsenco-founderandCEOofDigitalEquipmentCorporationDECstatedThereisnoreasonforanyindividualtohaveacomputerinhishomE.DespitebeinganimportantleaderinthecomputerindustryDECnolongerexists.PeopleseemtoforgetthatsinceinnovationisachangetherecanbenoinnovationwithoutchangE.Unfortunatelyconventionalwisdompreventsleadersfollowersandcompaniesfromchangingandthereforeinnovating.Ifcompaniesdon’tinnovatebuttheircompetitorsdothefutureislikelytobeproblematiC.Breakingfromconventionalwisdomhasledtomanyofthemostinnovativecompaniesandproductsinhistoryacrossmanyindustriessoithasapowerfuleffectonbusinesssuccess.TedTurnerfounderofCNNknewlittleifanythingaboutthenewsbusinessbutheknewitwasinconvenienttowatchnewsonlyatthedinnerhouraswascommonbeforeCNN.Turner’ssolutionwastocreateacablechanneldedicatedtonews24hoursaday.Thenewsestablishmentreflectedconventionalwisdomatthetimeandpredictedhisideawouldfailbecausenoonewantedtowatchthenewsallday.Howeveritdoesn’ttakearocketscientisttounderstandthatviewersdon’thavetowatchthenewsalldayfortheCNNtowork.Viewersjusthavetowatchwhentheywanttogetinformation.DuetoconventionalthinkingthecriticsfailedtorecognizetheopportunitythatwascleartoTeD.TheyassumedthatonlywhatwasfamiliartothemcouldworkinthefuturE.Conventionalwisdompreventscreativityflexibilityandrisk-takingsounconventionalleadersenthusiasticallybreakfromit.TosurvivethriveandmaintaincompetitiveadvantagecompaniesmustbeflexiblewhenreactingtochangE.28.DEChasdisappearedprobablybecause___________.A.theconsumersdidn’tlikeitsproductsB.theleaderslackedthesenseofsecurityC.theCEOstucktotheconventionalideasD.theemployeestookmanyriskswithchanges29.ThefoundingofCNNisusedasanexampletoprove_________.A.missingopportunitiescouldleadtofailureB.changingcouldcontributetobusinesssuccessC.watchingnewsatthedinnerhourisconvenientD.conventionalwisdominfluencesbusinesssuccess30.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartprobablymean?A.RocketscientistscanensuretheCNNworksproperly.B.Mostoftheviewersdon’tliketowatchthenewsatwork.C.It’snecessarytounderstandwhenpeoplewatchthenews.D.It’seasytoknowpeopleneedn’twatchthenewsallthetimE.31.Thepassageismainlywrittentotellusthat______.A.oldmethodsarechangingwithtimeB.opportunitiesleadtobusinesssuccessC.conventionalwisdomlimitsinnovationD.successfulcompaniesneedwiseleaders

A.newphoneappusesshakingfromsmartphonestowarnpeopleaboutearthquakes.ThenewappiscalledMyShakewhichistheworkoffourresearchersattheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley.Smartphonesareequippedwithaccelerometers加速器.MyShakeusesphoneaccelerometerstomeasureseismic地震的activity.Ithasbeenprogrammedtoknowthedifferencebetweennormalactivityandearthquakemovement.Thesoftwaredeveloperssaytheirappisright93percentofthetimE.A.smartphonesendsseismicinformationtotheappdevelopers.Ifthedevelopersreceiveseveralwarningsfromoneareaitrecognizesthatanearthquakemaybetakingplaceorwilltakeplacesoon.Usinginformationsentfromtheappthenetworkthenjudgesthelocationwhereearthquakes*havehappenedandstrengthofthequakeinrealtimE.MyShakecanrecord5.0earthquakesatdistancesof10kilometersorless.MyShakeusesverylittlepoweraccordingtoitsdevelopers.Onlywhenseismicactivityissensedbytheappdoesitbecomeactiveandsendsdatatothenetwork.TheappworksbestwhenyourphoneisrestingonaflatsurfacelikeatablE.ThedevelopershopethatMyShakecanaddtoinformationcollectedbytheU.S.GeologicalSurvey.ThatU.S.agencyhascreatedtheEarthquakeEarlyWarningSystemalsoknownastheEEW.TheEEWhasusedsensorsformeasuringquakesinmanyareas.InplaceswherenosuchequipmentexistsMyShakemaybetheonlymethodofearlyquakedetection发现.TheappalsoshowswaystostaysaferduringanearthquakE.Thedeveloperssayitwillbecomemoreeffectiveasmorepeopleuseit.Thedeveloperssay.theyhopetoaddafeaturethatwillwarnpeopleaboutapossibletsunami海啸afteranearthquake:32.Thenewapp_'A.isakindofaccelerometerB.feelsearthquakesthroughsmartphonesC.isdevelopedbytheU.S.GeologicalSurveyD.predictspossibletsunamiafteranearthquake33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlytalkingabout?A.HowMyshakeworks.B.Whatseismicactivityis.C.WhyMyshakeisdevelopeD.D.Whenaccelerometersrecordearthquakes.34.WecaninferthatMyshake____.A.doesnotworkwhenthesmartphoneisinthepocketB.sleepswhilethereisnoshakingoftheearth'ssurfaceC.guidespeoplehowtosurvivewhenmanypeople.useitatthesametimeD.recognizesanearthquakewhenitreceivestheinformationfromothersensors35.Thenewappdevelopershopeto____.A.usetheinformationbytheU.S.GeologicalSurveytobetterMyshakeB.unitetheU.S.GeologicalSurveytocombinetheEEWandMyshakeC.helptheEEWdetectearthquakessomewhereD.improvetheEEW

TheUNweatheragencywarnedonTuesdaytherewasagoodchanceofanElNinoclimatephenomenoninthePacificOceanthisyearbringingdroughts干旱andheavyrainfalltotherestoftheworldTheWorldMeteorological气象的OrganizationWMOsaiditsmodelingsuggestedafairlylargepotentialforanElNinomostlikelybytheendofthesecondquarterof2016.TheElNinophenomenonoccurseverytwotosevenyearswhenthetradewindsthatcirculatesurfacewaterinthetropical熟带的Pacificstarttoweaken.WMOpointedoutTuesdaythatsincelastDecembertradewindshadweakenedandtherehadbeenasignificantwarmingofthewatersbelowthesurfaceinthecentralPacifiC.WhilethereisnoguaranteethissituationwillleadtoanElNinoeventthelongerthetradewindsremainweakenedandsubsurfacetemperaturesstaysignificantlywarmerthanaveragethehigherchancesareitsaiD.TwothirdsofclimatemodelspredictedthatthephenomenonwouldbeginsometimebetweenJuneandAugustwithone-fifthsuggestingitcouldstartasearlyasMayandtheremainingpredictingnoElNinothisyearitsaiD.ItisoftenfollowedbyareturnswingofLaNinawhichischaracterizedbyunusuallycooloceansurfacetemperaturesinthecentralandeasterntropicalPacifiC.ElNinohasanimportantwarmingeffectonglobalaveragetemperaturesJarraudcautionedstressingthatcombinedwithwarmingfromgreenhousegasessucheventshadthepotentialtocauseasharpriseinglobalaveragetemperature.33.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat-'A.aweatheragencywarnedanElNinowouldappearonTuesdayB.WMOshowedanElNinowouldprobablyhappenbyJunein2016C.anElNinowouldbringheavyrainfalltothePacificOceanD.ThephenomenonofElNinohappenseverysevenyears34.WhatdoestheunderlinedphrasethissituationinParagraph4referto?A.CooloceansurfacetemperaturesinthecentralandeasterntropicalPacifiC.B.A.significantwarmingofthewatersbelowthesurfaceinthecentralPacifiC.C.TradewindsthatcirculatesurfacewaterinthePacifiC.D.HeavyrainfallindifferentareasallovertheworlD.35.AccordingtothetextwhatmightbethepercentageofnoElNinothisyear?A.13%.B.20%.C.67%.D.87%.

Plentyofpeopledreamoftravelingtootherplanets.ButStarWarsfanscanactuallyvisitlocationswheremanyofthefilms’mostfamoussceneswereshot.HerearesomeoftheplaceswhereStarWarscomestolifE.HotelSidiDrissMatmataTunisiaPerhapsthemostfamousStarWarslandmarkintheworldthisiswheretheinteriorsofLukeSkywalker'schildhoodhomeonplanetTatooinewerefilmeD.CenturiesagoBerbersbuilttheundergroundstructureasarealhomE.EventuallyitbecameahotelwhichGeorgeLucasusedtofilmthefirstStarWarsfilm.Thesetdecorationscamedownwhenthecrewleftbutwererebuiltin2000forAttackoftheClones.Sincethenthey'veremainedsoguestscaneatatthetablewhereyoungmasterLukediD.LaGrandeDuneoutsideNeftaTunisiaTheigloo冰屋outsideofLuke'shousewasfilmedabout300kilometersawayonthedried-upsaltlakeofChottElJeriD.TheiglooisstilltherereachablewithadecentcarattheGPScoordinates3350'34.42N746'44.48E.Thesurroundinghotelsareman-madetocreatetheillusion幻觉thattheundergroundhouseisnexttoit.Theigloofromthe1977moviewastakenapartbutagainrebuiltforAttackoftheClonesandlaterrestoredbyafan.NearbyisLaGrandeDunesiteoftheDuneSeA.About30minutesfromtheiglooisthesetofMosEspathespaceporttownwhereAnakinwasdiscoveredasayoungslavE.RedwoodNationalandStateparksCaliforniaEndortheforestmoonhomeofthefurryEwokswasfilmedamongCalifornia'sgiantredwoods.Mostofthewell-knownsceneswereshotonprivatelandownedbyalumbercompany.SincethecastandcrewworkedonReturnoftheJediin1982heavylogginghasleftmostofthelandscapeunrecognizablE.ButdrivingthroughtheparksstillgivesafeelforthesetespeciallyalongtheAvenueoftheGiantshighway.InGrizzlyCreekRedwoodsStateParkandtheHumboldtRedwoodsStateParkplateswerefilmedforsomechasescenes.21.HotelSidiDrisswasoriginally________centuriesago.A.ahotelB.Berbers’realhomeC.LukeSkywalker’schildhoodhomeD.theshootinglocationofAttackoftheClones22.WhichofthefollowingisNOTCORRECTabouttheigloointhethirdparagraph?A.Wecanstillreachtheigloo.B.TheigloowasrestoredbyafanC.TheigloowastakenapartforAttackoftheClonesD.Theigloo’slocationisattheGPScoordinates3350'34.42N746'44.48E23.TheunderlinedwordEndorrefersto____________inStarWars.A.ananimalB.apersonC.aplaceD.acompany

Mostpeoplearoundtheworldareright-handeD.Thisalsoseemstobetrueinhistory.In1799scientistsstudiedworksofartmadeatdifferenttimesfrom1500B.C.tothe1950s.Mostofthepeopleshownintheseworksareright-handedsothescientistsguessedthatright-handednesshasalwaysbeencommonthroughhistory.Todayonlyabout10%to15%oftheworld’spopulationisleft-handeD.Whyaretheremoreright-handedpeoplethanleft-handedones?Scientistsnowknowthataperson’stwohandseachhavetheirownjobs.Formostpeoplethehandisusedtofindthingsorholdthings.Therighthandisusedtoworkwiththings.Thisisbecauseofthedifferentworkofthetwosidesofthebrain.Therightsideofthebrainwhichmakesaperson’shandsandeyesworktogethercontrolsthelefthanD.Theleft-sideofthebrainwhichcontrolstherighthandisthecentreforthinkinganddoingproblems.Thesefindingsshowthatmoreartistsshouldbeleft-handedandstudieshavefoundthatleft-handednessistwiceascommonamongartistsasamongpeopleinotherjobs.Noonereallyknowswhatmakesapersonbecomeright-handedinsteadofleft-handeD.Scientistshavefoundthatalmost40%ofthepeoplebecomeleft-handedbecausetheirmainbrainisdamagedwhentheyareborn.Howeverthisdoesn’thappentoeveryonesoscientistsguesstheremustbeanotherreasonwhypeoplebecomeleft-handeD.Oneideaisthatpeopleusuallygetright-handedfromtheirparents.Ifapersondoesnotreceivethegene基因forright-handednesshe/shemaybecomeeitherright-handedorleft-handedaccordingtothechanceandthepeopletheyworkorlivewith.Thoughright-handednessismorecommonthanleft-handednesspeoplenolongerthinkleft-handedpeoplearestrangeorunusual.A.longtimeagoleft-handedchildrenweremadetousetheirrighthandslikeotherchildrenbuttodaytheydon’thaveto.32.Afterstudyingworksofartmadeatdifferenttimesinhistorythescientistsfound_______.A.theartbeganfrom1500B.C.B.theworksofartendedinthe1950sC.mostpeopleshownintheworksofartareleft-handedD.mostpeopleshownintheworksofartareright-handed33.Whatisthehandformostpeopleusedtodo?A.It’susedtoworkwiththings.B.It’susedtofindorholdthings.C.It’susedtomakeaperson’seyesworktogether.D.It’sthecentreforthinkinganddoingproblems.34.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Noonereallyknowswhatmakesapersonbecomeright-handeD.B.Todaychildrenarenotmadetousetheirrighthandsonly.C.Left-handednessisclevererthanright-handedness.D.Scientiststhinktheremustbesomereasonwhypeoplebecomeleft-handeD.35.Thebesttitleforthispassageis_______.A.WhichHandB.Left-handedPeopleC.Scientists’NewInventionsD.DifferentBrainsDifferentHands

Reducereuseandrecyclethispopularenvironmentalslogantellsushowtoreducetheamountofrubbishthatendsupinlandfills.Thesloganisbeingusedtodealwithonepossiblydangerousformofelectronicjunksuchasoldcomputerscellphonesandtelevisions.Butthisprocessofmanaginge­wastemaybeusedinanunscrupulouswaymoreoftenthannotarecentreportsuggests.Manyofthesematerialsarebeingsenttodevelopingnationsundertheexcuseforreuse—tobridgethedigitaldividesaidRichardGutierrezapolicyresearcher.Oneoftheproblemsisthatnooneproveswhethertheseoldmachinesworkbeforetheyhittheseaways.Becauseofthisthereportsayse­wasteisagrowingprobleminLagosNigeriaandelsewhereinthedevelopingworlD.Muchofthewasteendsupbeingthrownawayalongriversandroads.Oftenit'stakenapartbypoorpeoplewhomayfacedangerousexposuretopoisonouschemicalsintheequipment.Tradesmenalsopayworkersalittlemoneytogetmaterialsbacksuchasgoldandcopper.Thislow­techrecoveryprocesscouldexposeworkersandthelocalenvironmenttomanydangerousmaterialsusedtobuildelectronics.AccordingtoGutierrezthisshadoweconomyexistsbecausetheexcuseforrecyclingandreusingelectronicsgivesbusinessmenagreenpassporttoshipwastearoundtheglobE.DevelopingnationsmusttakeonsomeoftheresponsibilitythemselvesGutierrezsaiD.ButheaddedAgreaterpartofthisresponsibilityshouldfallontheexportingstatE.Chinaforexamplehasbecomeadumpingplaceforlargeamountsofe­wastE.Thenationisbeginningtotakeactiontostoptheflowofdangerousmaterialsacrossitsborders.TheChinesegovernmentaftermanyyearsofdenialsisfinallybeginningtotaketheleaD.25.Theunderlinedwordunscrupulousinthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans____.A.efficientB.profitableC.unbelievableD.dishonest26.Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlydiscuss?A.OldcomputersandTVsstillworkbeforetheyaresentabroaD.B.Poorpeoplebreakupe­wastetocollectsomevaluablematerials.C.Alotofe­wasteisdumpedindevelopingcountries.D.Theproblemofe­wasteisgrowingindevelopingcountries.27.AccordingtowhatGutierrezsaidwecanlearnthat________.A.exportingcountriesshouldmainlyberesponsibleforthee-wasteproblemB.neitherdevelopednordevelopingcountriesshouldbeblamedforthee-wasteproblemC.developingcountriesshouldmainlyberesponsibleforthee-wasteproblemD.developingcountriesshouldnotbeblamedforthee-wasteproblem28.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.A.Chinahashiddenalargeamountofe-wasteinmanysecretplacesB.Chinahasgreatlychangeditsideaabouttheproblemofe-wasteC.ChinahaspreventedpoisonousmaterialsfromenteringChinaforalongtimeD.Chinaisfallingbehindothercountriesindealingwithe-waste

Thenumberofpeoplehidingtheiridentitywhilesurfingthewebhasriseninthepastyear.ResearchshowsthatthelevelofencryptedinternetactivityhasrisendramaticallyacrosstheworldsuggestingthatmillionsofpeoplehavebeguntousesoftwarethathideswhotheyarewhileaccessingtheweB.AccordingtoSandvinethetechnologynetworkingcompanyhiddeninternettrafficinpeakhoursinEuropehasbeenupto6.1percentofallwebactivitiescomparedwithabout1.5percentayearearlier.InNorthAmericaencryptedtrafficwentupto3.8percentfrom2.3percentayearearlierwhileinLatinAmericaitjumpedtoalmost10.4percentfrom1.8percent.Expertssaidthatthechangesinonlinebehaviorweretheresultofexposure曝光aboutwidespreadinternetspyingbyintelligenceagenciessuchasthatexposedbyEdwardSnowdentheUSNationalSecurityAgencywhistleblower.ItwillbeinterestingtoseehowthesetrendsdevelopsaidErnestoVanderSarthepen-nameusedbytheeditor-in-chiefofTorrentfreak.comthewebsitethatfirstreportedthefigures.Inanycaseit’sclearthatinternetservicesandtheirusersarebecomingmoreawareoftheirprivacyonlinewhichisgenerallyagooddevelopment.LastweekSirTimBerners-LeetheBritishinventorofthewebdefendedtherightofagenciestospyontheinternetforlawenforcement强制实施.HesaidWehavetofigureouthowtobalancethatagainstrights.28.ThewordencryptedinParagraphTwohastheclosestmeaningwith______.A.falseB.hiddenC.cheatingD.changed29.Whichareahasseenthelargestriseinencryptedinternetactivity?A.EuropE.B.NorthAmericA.C.LatinAmericA.D.EasternAsiA.30.Whydomorepeoplehidetheiridentitywhilesurfingtheweb?A.Tocheatothers.B.Tohavemorefun.C.Tofollowthefashion.D.Topreventtheirprivacybeingspiedon.31.What’sSirTimBerners-Lee’sopiniononsomeagencies’spyingontheinternet?A.It’sillegal.B.It’stotallyright.C.It’sagainsthumanrights.D.It’sacceptabletosomedegreE.

Washington:NASAhasannouncedevidencethatJupiter'slargestmoonGanymedehasasaltwateroceanunderitsicysurfacE.TheoceanseemstohavemorewaterthanallthewateronEarth'ssurfaceaccordingtonewHubbleobservation.NewHubbleobservationsofGanymede'smagneticfieldstronglysuggestthatthemoonwhichisthelargestinourwholesolarsystemishometoasubsurfaceocean.Scientistsestimatetheoceanis95kilometresthickwhichisabout10timesdeeperthanEarth'soceans.ButunlikeoursaltywatersGanymede'soceanisburiedunder150kilometresoficE.Whilescientistshavespeculated推测since1970saboutthepresenceofanoceanonGanymede------thelargestmooninoursolarsystem------untilnowtheonlyobservationalevidencecamefromabriefflybybytheGalileospacecraftwhichdidn’tobservethemoonlongenoughtoconfirmaliquidocean.ThisdiscoverymarksanimportantmilestonehighlightingwhatonlyHubblecanaccomplish.Inits25yearsinorbitHubblehasmademanyscientificdiscoveriesinourownsolarsystem.A.deepoceanundertheicysurfaceofGanymedeopensupfurtherexcitingpossibilitiesforlifebeyondEarth.ScientistshavealreadyconfirmedtheexistenceofanoceanonEuropeanothermoonorbitingJupiterandNASAhasannouncedplanstosendanunmannedmissiontheresearchingforthelifethatmightcomewithliquidwater.HubbleisatelescopethatorbitsEarthbutbecauseofitsimpressivegravitationalanalysesitcanbeusedtostudytheinsideoffardistantplanets.Usingthesesameprinciplesscientistscouldtheoreticallydetectoceansondistantplanetsaswell.21.WhatcanwelearnabouttheGanymedefromthepassage?A.Itisaplanetwiththelargestmooninourwholesolarsystem.B.Itsoceanaddstopeople’sexcitementaboutlifebeyondEarth.C.ItwillbeusedbyNASAasabasefortheHubbletelescopE.D.ItsliquidoceanwasfirstprovedbytheGalileospacecraft.22.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewriter’sattitudetowardsHubble?A.CautiousB.DoubtfulC.NegativeD.Favourable23.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph6mean?A.AnundergroundoceanhasbeenfoundinEuropE.B.ThepresenceofanundergroundoceaninEuropeisnotpossiblE.C.ItisnowcertainthatthereisanoceanonEuropE.D.NoevidencehasshowntheexistenceofanoceanonEuropE.24.Whattypeofwritingdoesthispassagebelongto?A.A.termessayB.A.newsreportC.AnexperimentreportD.Anexplorationreview.

Airpollutionbysourcesrangingfromcookingfirestoautosmokecontributedtoanestimatedsevenmilliondeathsworldwidein2012theUNhealthagencysaidTuesday.Airpollutionandweretalkingaboutbothindoorsandoutdoorsisnowthebiggestenvironmentalhealthproblemandit’saffectingeveryonebothdevelopedanddevelopingcountriessaidMariaNeiratheWorldHealthOrganization’spublicandenvironmentalhealthchief.Globallypollutionwaslinkedtoonedeathineightin2012newWHOresearchfounD.Thebiggestpollution-relatedkillerswereheartdiseasestrokepulmonary肺的diseaseandlungcancer.Thehardest-hitregionsoftheglobewerewhattheWHOlabelsSoutheastAsiawhichincludesIndiaandIndonesiaandtheWesternPacificrangingfromChinaandSouthKoreatoJapanandthePhilippines.Togethertheyaccountedfor5.9milliondeaths.Theglobaldeathtollincluded4.3milliondeathsduetoindoorairpollutionchieflycausedbycookingovercoalandwoodstovesandsoon.Thetollfromoutdoorpollutionwas3.7millionwithsourcesrangingfromcoalheatingfirestogasengines.ManypeopleareexposedtobothindoorandoutdoorpollutiontheWHOsaidandduetothatoverlap重叠theseparatedeathtollattributedtothetwosourcescannotsimplybeaddedtogetherthereforethefigureofsevenmilliondeaths.ThenewfigureisshockingNeiratoldreporters.Whenitlastreleasedanestimatefordeathsrelatedtoairpollutionin2008theagencyhadputthefigurerelatedtooutdoorpollutionat1.3millionwhilethenumberblamedonindoorpollutionwas1.9million.Butachangeinresearchmethodsmakescomparisondifficultbetweenthe2008estimateandthe2012figuresNeirasaiD.InthepastforexampletheWHOdidnottakeintoaccounttheoverlapbetweenexposuretobothformsandonlyassessedurbanpollution.Satelliteimageryhasmadeiteasiertoassessruralpollutionandnewknowledgeaboutthehealthimpactofexposurehasenabledabettercount.28.WecaninferfromParagraph1that.A.airpollutiononlycomesfromcookingfiresandvehiclesmokeB.airpollutionhascausedabigdisastertothewholeworldC.healthproblemmusthavecomefromairpollutionD.airpollutionaremainlyaffectingthedevelopingcountries29.Whichofthefollowinghasnothingtodowithseriousairpollution?A.AIDS.B.HeartdiseasE.C.StrokE.D.Lungcancer.30.WhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordlabelsinParagraph2?A.Launches.B.Breaks.C.Classify.D.Forbids.31.Whatcanweknowaboutthedeathscausedbyairpollution?A.Indoorairpollutionshouldbetoblamefor5.9milliondeaths.B.Cookingbyburningcoalsandwoodetcisthemainreasonforindoorairpollution.C.Airpollutionisnotrelatedtodrivingcarsormotorcycles.D.Outdoorpollutionisfromcoalheatingfiresandgasengines.

Ingeneralpeopletalkabouttwogroupsofcolors:warmcolorsandcoolcolors.Thewarmcolorsareredorangeandyellow.WheretherearewarmcolorsandalotoflightpeopleusuallywanttobeactivE.Thecoolcolorsaregreenblueandviolet.Thesecolorsunlikewarmcolorsarerelaxing.Wheretherearecoolcolorspeopleareusuallyquiet.PeoplewholiketospendtimealoneoftenpreferbluE.Redmaybeexcitingbutoneresearchersaysthattimeseemstopassmoreslowlyinaroomwithwarmcolorsthaninaroomwithcoolcolors.Hesuggeststhatawarmcolorsuchasredororangeisagoodcolorforalivingroomorrestaurant.Peoplewhoarerelaxingoreatingdonotwanttimetopassquickly.Coolcolorsarebetterforofficesorfactoriesifthepeoplewhoareworkingtherewanttimetopassquickly.Perhapswarmcolorsremindpeopleofwarmdaysandthecoolcolorsremindthemofcooldays.Peopleassociatecolorswithdifferentobjectsfeelingsandholidays.Peoplesayredisanexcitingandactivecolor.Theyassociateredwithastrongfeelinglikeanger.RedisusedforsignsofdangersuchasSTOPsignsandfireengines.TheholidaywhichisassociatedwithredisValentine’sDay.Orangeisthebrightwarmcolorofleavesinautumn.Peoplesayorangeisalivelyenergeticcolor.Theyassociateorangewithhappiness.TheholidayswhichareassociatedwithorangeareHalloweeninOctoberandThanksgivingDayinNovember.Whiteisthecolorofsnow.Peopledescribewhiteasapurecleancolor.Theyassociatewhitewithabrightcleanfeeling.Ontheotherhandblackisthecolorofnight.Peoplewearblackclothesatseriousorformalceremonies.Yellowisthecolorofsunlight.Peoplesayitisacheerfulandlivelycolor.Greenisthecoolcolorofgrassinspring.Peoplesayitisarefreshingandrelaxingcolor.Machinesinfactoriesareusuallypaintedlightgreen.BlueisthecoloroftheskywaterandicE.PoliceandNavyuniformsarebluE.WhenpeoplearesadtheysayIfeelbluE.Theyassociatebluewithfeelingslikeunhappinessandfear.Iftwoobjectsarethesameexceptforcolortheywilllookdifferent.Colorcanmakeanobjectlooknearerorfartherlargerorsmaller.Brightobjectslooklargerthandarkobjects.InconclusioncolorisveryimportanttopeoplE.Warmandcoolcolorsaffecthowpeoplefeel.Peoplechooseproductsbycolor.Moreovercoloraffectshowanobjectlooks.Itisevenpossiblethatyourfavoritecolortellsalotaboutyou.32.Thepeoplewhopreferwarmcolorsusuallyare________.A.quietB.energeticC.angryD.relaxing33.Thefactthatonefamilypaintsthelivingroomasunnyyellowsuggests________.A.peoplewanttobequietB.peoplewanttosleepslowlyC.peoplewanttimetopassmoreslowlyD.peopleassociatecolorswithholidays34.Whydodoctorsandnursesnormallywearwhiteuniforms?A.Becausewhitemeanspureandclean.B.Becausewhitemeansseriousorformal.C.Becausetheylikethecolourofsnow.D.Becausetheylikewearinguniforms.35.Wemaylearnfromthetextthatfatpeoplewhowanttolookslimmershouldwear________clothes.A.blueB.darkC.whiteD.yellow

Worriedabouthowmanycaloriesyouwillgetinthatpieceofpizzachocolatecakeorbagofchips?A.newiPhoneapplication应用程序MealSnapmayhelp.Usersjustneedtotakeapictureofthemealwiththephoneanditwillgiveacalorieread-outalmostimmediately.MealSnapwasdevelopedbyDailyBurnahealthsocialnetworkthatfocusesonhelpingitsusersleadhealthierlifestyles.Ithascreatedseveralotherhealthanddiet-relatediPhoneapplications.Theapplicationgivesusersaquickreply.Todothatitmatchesthetakenpicturetoadatabank数据库withthecalorieinformationofnearly500000kindsoffooD.UsersthengettherangeofcaloriesforthemealthatisphotographeD.Westartedwithsomethingsimple—anapplE.A.coupleofminuteslatertheapplicationrepliedthatitwasanappleandbetween64and96calories.Moreimpressivewasthereplywereceivedaftersendingaphotoofamixedsaladbowl.MealSnaprepliedthatthebowlcontainedyellowricewithcornboiledeggsandbeansandthatthefoodwasbetween532and789calories.Mr.SmithdirectorofDailyBurnsaidthatusualcaloriecountingneededalongtimebutthattheapplicationmadeiteasiertoknowthecaloriesinfooD.Thatiswhyitissopopularamongthosewhoaretryinghardtoloseweight.InadditionMealSnapcanactasafooddiary.Noneedtowritedownwhatthey’veeatenthephotoeswillbestoreD.Theuserscankeepavisuallog视觉的记录.Mr.Smithsaidit’slikeafoodjourneybuteasier.AllyoudoistotakethepicturE.Thesimpleactofrecordingsomethingcancauseapsychological心理的changethatcanhelppeopleontheirhealthjourney.KnowingthecalorierangemakesmethinkmoreaboutwhatI’meating.33.ThepurposeofDailyBurnisto________.A.helppeoplefindwaystoloseweightB.makeiPhonemorepopularC.helppeoplehaveahealthylifeD.persuadepeopletobuyiPhoneproducts34.Whatcanbelearnedfromthethirdparagraph?A.MealSnapisonlyusefulforsimplethings.B.MealSnapcanalsotellwhatthefoodis.C.TheresultofMealSnapisn’talwaysright.D.MealSnapneedsalongtimetoshowthecalorierangE.35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutMealSnapisTRUE?A.Ithasbeenputintothemarket.B.Peoplewillhaveaphysicalchangebyusingit.C.It’spopularbecauseitwasdevelopedbyDailyBurn.D.PeoplehavetolinkiPhonewiththeInternettouseit.

Areyousometimesalittletiredandsleepyintheearlyafternoon?Manypeoplefeelthiswayafterlunch.Theymaythinkthateatinglunchisthecauseofthesleepiness.Orinsummertheymaythinkitistheheat.Howevertherealreasonliesinsidetheirbodies.Atthattime—abouteighthoursafteryouwakeup—yourbodytemperaturegoesdown.Thisiswhatmakesyouslowdownandfeelsleepy.Scientistshavetestedsleephabitsinexperimentswheretherewasnonightorday.Thepeopleintheseexperimentsalmostalwaysfollowedasimilarsleepingpattern.Theysleptforonelongperiodandthenforoneshortperiodabouteighthourslater.Inmanypartsoftheworldpeopletakenapsinthemiddleoftheday.Thisisespeciallytrueinwarmerclimateswheretheheatmakesworkdifficultintheearlyafternoon.Researchersarenowsayingthatnapsaregoodforeveryoneinanyclimate.Adailynapgivesoneamorerestedbodyandmindandthereforeisgoodforhealthingeneral.Incountrieswherenapsaretraditionalpeopleoftensufferlessfromproblemssuchasheartdisease.Manyworkingpeopleunfortunatelyhavenotimetotakenaps.Thoughdoctorsmayadvisetakingnapsemployersdonotallowit!Ifyoudohavethechancehoweverhereareafewtipsaboutmakingthemostofyournap.Rememberthatthebesttimetotakeanapisabouteighthoursafteryougetup.AshortsleeptoolateinthedaymayonlymakeyoufeelmoretiredandsleepyafterwarD.Thiscanalsohappenifyousleepfortoolong.Ifyoudonothaveenoughtimetryashortnap—eventenminutesofsleepcanbehelpful.33.Whydoyousometimesfeelsleepyintheearlyafternoon?A.Becauseyoueattoomuchforlunch.B.Becauseit’shotinsummer.C.Becauseyourbodytemperaturegoesdownatthattime.D.Becauseyoudidn’thaveagoodsleeplastnight.34.Whatcanwelearnaboutnapsaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Allthepeopleinwarmerclimatestakenapsinthemiddleoftheday.B.Doctorsneedtotakenapswhileemployersdon’t.C.Ifyoutakenapseverydayyou’11neversufferfromheartdisease.D.Takingnapsregularlyisbeneficialtopeople’shealth.35.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Ifyougetupat630amyou’dbettertakeanapatabout130pm.B.Takinganapwheneveryouwantwilldogoodtoyourhealth.C.Youwillfeellesssleepyifyousleepforalongtime.D.You’11feelsleepyatregularintervals间隔.

Mostcellphonecompaniesdesignmodelsespeciallyforkids.Butparentsareusuallytheonesbuyingthephones.AccordingtoaJuly2012study56%ofparentsofchildrenaged8to12havegiventheirchildrenacellphonE.ThenumbergoesupwithagE.Thestudyjustproveswhatmanypeoplealreadyguessed:manykidsifnotmosthavetheirowncellphones.Accordingtoarecentsurvey12isthemagicnumber.ItisthemostcommonageforkidstogettheirfirstcellphonE.But13%ofchildrenaged6to10alreadyhaveonE.Peoplewhoareforkids’usingcellphonesincludingmanyparentsnoticethatcellphoneshelpkidskeepintouchwiththeirfriendsandfamilies.Theybelievethatcellphonesareanimportanttoolinadangeroussituation.Kidscanreachtheirparentsatalltimes.Andsomepeoplesayhavingacellphonehelpsteachkidstoberesponsible.Somecellphonesdesignedforkidscanbesettoonlyworkwhenparentsapprove同意.What’stheharminthat?Butotherpeopleareworriedaboutthehealthandsafetyeffectsofkids’cellphones.TheybelievethatkidswithcellphoneswillspendlesstimeplayingoutsidewithfriendsandthatsendingtextmessagesormakingphonecallswhiledoinghomeworkmakesitdifficultforkidstoconcentratE.Theysaythatkidsarespendingtoomuchtimetextinginsteadoftalkingtoeachother.OurbrainsdevelopedtocommunicatefacetofacesaysGarySmallateacherattheUCLASchoolofMedicineinCaliforniA.Alotofthisislostwithtexting.Anotherworryiscyberbullying网络欺凌whichisontheriseasmorekidsusee-mailandtextmessagestocommunicatE.Andsomeexpertsareworriedaboutpossiblehealthrisks.TheyworrythatenergywavesproducedbycellphonescouldbeharmfultoyoungpeoplE.TobesafeparentsshouldnotletthemtalklongonthephonE.16.Bymentioningtheresultsofarecentstudytheauthorwantstoshowthat.A.notallcellphonesmeetkids’needsB.manykidshavetheirowncellphonesC.notallparentsbuytheirkidscellphonesD.kidswhoareoldenoughshouldhavecellphones17.Paragraph3mainlytalksabout.A.howtomakekidsbecomeresponsibleB.thepopularityofcellphonesamongkidsC.howkidscanreachtheirfriendsandfamiliesD.supporters’opinionsonkids’usingcellphones18.Cellphonescanbebadforkidsbecause.A.kidsreducepersonalcommunicationB.kidsspendtoomuchtimeplayinggamesC.kidsdon’twanttodotheirhomeworkathomeD.cellphoneshaveabadinfluenceonkids’brains19.What’sGarySmall’sattitudetowardstexting?A.Heisuncertainaboutit.B.Heknowslittleaboutit.C.Heisagainstit.D.Heisfondofit.20.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat.A.there’recellphonesspeciallydesignedforkidsonthemarketB.kidsaged6to10havemorecellphonesthankidsatotheragesC.kidswhohavecellphoneshavefewerfriendsthanthosewhodon’tD.cellphoneshelpkidsimprovetheirrelationshipswithfriendsandfamilies

WalkthroughtheAmazonrainforesttodayandyouwillfinditsteamywarmdampandthick.Butifyouhadbeentherearound15000yearsagoduringthelasticeagewouldithavebeenthesame?Formorethan30yearsscientistshavebeenarguingabouthowrainforestsmighthavereactedtothecolddryclimateoftheiceagesbuttillnownoonehasreachedasatisfyinganswer.RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtosolveglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear:equaltothetotalamountofCO2givenoffintheUKeachyear.ButhowwilltheAmazonreacttothefutureclimatechange?IfitgetsdrierwillitsurviveandcontinuetodrawdownCO2?Scientistshopethattheywillbeabletolearninadvancehowtherainforestwillmanageinthefuturebyunderstandinghowrainforestsreactedtoclimatechangeinthepast.Unfortunatelycollectinginformationisincrediblydifficult.Tostudythepastclimatescientistsneedtolookatfossilizedpollen花粉keptinlakemudGoingbacktothelasticeagemeansdrillingdownintolakesediments沉淀物whichrequiresspecializedequipmentandheavymachinery.Thereareveryfewroadsandpathsorplacestolandhelicoptersandaeroplanes.Riverstendtobetheeasiestwaytoentertheforestbutthisstillleavesvastareasbetweentheriverscompletelyunsampled未取样.SofaronlyahandfulofcoreshavebeendrilledthatgobacktothelasticeageandnoneofthemprovideenoughinformationtoprovehowtheAmazonforestreactstoclimatechangE.25.Howdoscientistsstudythepastclimatechange?A.BypredictingtheclimatechangeinthefuturE.B.Bydrillingdowndeepintolandsediments.C.ByanalyzingfossilizedpolleninlakemuD.D.BytakingsamplesfromriversintheAmazon.26.Whyisitdifficulttocollectinformationaboutthepastclimatechange?A.Becausescientistscan'tfindproperequipmentandmachinery.B.Becauseitisverydifficulttoobtaincompletesamples.C.BecausehelicoptersandaeroplaneshavenoplacetolanD.D.Becausenoneofthecoresprovideanyinformation.27.Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A.A.medicaljournal.B.A.newsreportC.A.travelbrochurE.D.A.sciencemagazinE.28.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe.A.SecretsoftheRainforestB.ClimatesoftheAmazonC.TheHistoryoftheRainforestD.ChangesoftheRainforest

WhenyouwatchTVprogramsaboutwildanimalsitissurprisingtoseehowanantelopecanescapealion’sattack.Inthewildernesseveryonehasastunt绝招.Evenplantshavetheirownwaysoffightingoffenemies.Overmillionsofyearsofevolution进化plantshavedevelopedauniquedefencesystem防卫系统.Chemicalsarewidelyusedforsurvival.Bymakingtheirleavesflowersrootsandfruitspoisonous有毒的toenemiesplantscanfightback.OnesuchplantistheGoldenWattletreeBritishscientistDavidCaneronhasfoundwhenananimaleatsthetree’sleavestheamount数量ofpoisonincreaseintheotherleaves.It’sliketheinjuredleavestelephoningtheotherstellingthemtofighttogetheragainsttheenemyhesaiD.Thetreealsosendsdefencemessagestoneighboringplantsbygivingoutaspecialsmell.GoldenWattletreesinthenearby45meterswillgetthemessageandproducemorepoisonwithin10minutes.Nowifanenemyeatstoomanyofthetrees’leavesitwilldiE.Everyspeciesofplantortreeisgoodatproducingaspecialsetofchemicals.A.herbivorethatcansafelyeattheleavesofonetreemaybepoisonedbyitsneighbor.Inthiswayplantshavedevelopednotonlytheirowndefencesystembutalsosharedwithothers.Thismakesitimpossibleforasingleanimaltodestroyevenasmallareaofforest.43.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.PlantsFightBackWithPoisonsB.PlantsCanKillAnimalsC.AnimalsandPlants.D.LionsandAntelopes44.AccordingtothestudyifoneGoldenWattletreeisattackedbyanimalsitcan________.A.tellothertreestoprotectitB.producemorepoisonwithin10minutesC.sentdefencemessagestotheneighboringplantsD.killtheanimalswithitsleaves45.Inthispassagetheunderlinedwordherbivoreprobablymeansanimalswhich.A.liveonbothanimalsandplantsB.feedonsmalleranimalsC.liveontreesD.feedonplantsorgrass.

Adultsusuallydonotremembermostofthethingsthataretaughtbytheirteachersatschool.ButthisstoryisonesuchlessonthatIwillneverforget.EverytimeIdriftoffcourseIthinkofthisstory.ItwasanormalMondaymorningandmyteacherwasteachingusonimportantthingsinlifeandaboutdevotingourselvestowhatisimportanttous.Thisishowthestorywent.AnoldmanlivedinacertainpartofLondonandhewouldwakeupeverymorningandgotothesub-way.HewouldgetontothetrainrighttoCentralLondonandthensitatthestreetcorner角落andbeg.HewoulddothiseverysingledayofhislifE.Hesatatthesamestreetcornerandbeggedforalmost20years.Hishousewasdirtyandastench恶臭cameoutofthehouseanditsmelledterriblE.TheneighborscouldnotstandthesmellanymoresotheycalledforthepoliceofficerstocleartheplacE.TheofficersknockeddownthedoorandcleanedthehousE.Thereweresmallbagsofmoneyalloverthehousethathehadcollectedovertheyears.Thepolicecountedthemoneyandtheysoonrealizedthattheoldmanwasamillionaire百万富翁.Theywaitedoutsidehishouseexpectingtosharethegoodnewswithhim.WhentheoldmanarrivedhomethateveningoneoftheofficerstoldhimthattherewasnoneedforhimtobeganymoreashewasarichmannowamillionairE.Buttheoldmansaidnothingatall;hewentintohishouseandlockedthedoor.Thenextmorninghewokeupasusualwenttothesubwaysatatthestreetcornerandcontinuedtobeg.Clearlythisoldmanhadnogreatplansdreamsoranythingsignificant有意义的forhislifE.Welearnnothingfromthisstorybutstayingfocusedonthethingsweenjoydoing.24.Theunderlinedpartinthefirstparagraphmaymean.A.IgettiredoflearningmysubjectsB.IfailtolistentolessonsattentivelyC.IgointhewrongdirectionoflifeD.Iwouldn'tliketogotoschool25.Theneighborcalledthepolicebecause.A.theoldmankeptbeggingmoneyfromthemeverydayB.therewassomethingdangerousintheoldman'shouseC.theoldmanwouldn'tbuyticketsforthetrainD.theycouldn'tbearthesmellfromtheoldman'shouse26.Whentheoldmanknewhewasamillionairehe.A.remainedcalmB.becameexcitedC.feltworriedD.becamenervous27.Whatlessondowelearnfromthestory?A.MakegreatplansforyourlifE.B.KeepondoingwhatyoulikE.C.Dosomethingthatisgoodtosociety.D.Dependonyourselfratherthanothers.

Clevernessisagiftwhilekindnessisachoice.Giftsareeasy—they’regivenafterall.Choicecanbehard.IgottheideatostartAmazon16yearsago.IcameacrossthefactthattheInternetusagewasgrowingat2300percentperyear.I’dneverseenorheardofanythingthatgrewthatfastandtheideaofbuildingallonlinebookstorewithmillionsoftitleswasveryexcitingtomE.Ihadjustturned30yearsoldandI’dbeenmarriedforayear.ItoldmywifeMacKenziethatIwantedtoquitmyjobandgotodothiscrazythingthatprobablywouldn’tworksincemoststart-upsdon’tandIwasn’tsurewhattoexpect.MacKenzietoldmeIshouldgoforit.AsayoungboyI’dbeenagarageinventor.I’dalwayswantedtobeallinventorandshewantedmetofollowmypassion.IwasworkingatafinancialfirminNewYorkCitywithabunchofverysmartpeopleandIhadabrilliantbossthatImuchadmired.IwenttomybossandtoldhimIwantedtostartacompanysellingbooksontheInternet.HetookmeonalongwalkinCentralParklistenedcarefullytomeandfinallysaidThatsoundslikeareallygoodideabutitwouldbeanevenbetterideaforsomeonewhodidn’talreadyhaveagoodjob.That1ogicmadesomesensetomeandheconvincedmetothinkaboutitfor48hoursbeforemakingafinaldecision.SeeninthatlightitreallywasadifficultchoicebutfinallyIdecidedIhadtogiveitashot.Ididn’tthinkI’dregrettryingandfailing.AndIsuspectedIwouldalwaysbehauntedbyadecisiontonottryatall.AftermuchconsiderationItookthelesssafepathtofollowmypassionandI’mproudofthatchoice.Forallofusintheendweareourchoice.28.Whatinspiredtheauthorwiththeideaofbuildinganonlinebookstore?A.Hisdreamofbeinganinventor.B.Thesupportofhiswife.C.ThegreatlyincreasingusageoftheInternet.D.Millionsofexcitingtitles29.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedsentence?A.Theideaofnottryingwouldkeepcomingtohismindanddisturbhim.B.Hewouldbeveryexcitedifhetrieditout.C.Bewouldbealwayshavingadoubtifhedidn’ttry.D.Thedecisiontonottrytheonlinebookstorewouldterrifyhim.30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ClevernessandKindnessB.TheStartingofAmazonC.FollowingMyPassionD.WeAreWhatWeChoose31.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat_______.A.thebossthoughttheideawassuitablefortheauthorB.theauthorwantedsomeoneelsetotrytheideaC.theauthormightnotregretifhefailedtheideaD.theauthormightgobacktohisbossifhefailed

MotorcarswerefirstmadeinEnglandjustbefore1900.ThepartsforthebodiesandengineswerehandmadeandthecarswerebuiltfromthesE.OneatatimE.Thistookalongtimeandthecarscostalotofmoney.ThenaquickerandcheaperwayofmakingcarswasfounD.Insteadofmakingallthepartsattheirownworks.Somecarfactoriesaskedotherfactoriestomakesomeofthem.Allthepartswerethenfittedtogetherinthecarfactories.Moderncar-makingfactoriesaresolargethateachoneisreallyalotoffactoriesclosetogether.Eachworkshopmakessomeparts.Thepiecesofacarbodyarejoinedtogetherbywelders电焊工.Allthebitsandpiecesthatmakeupeachcararecollectedandputreadyfortheassemblyline装配线wheretheyarefittedtogether.1.Thefirstmotorcarswereprobablymadeby______.A.EuropeansB.theWhitesC.theBlacksD.theEnglish2.Over100yearagopeoplehadtospendalongtimeonmotorcarsas______.A.newwaysofmakingthemwerejustfoundthenB.thepartsofthebodiesandenginesweremadebyhanD.C.allthepartsofthemweremadeattheirownfactoriesD.bothB.andC.3.A.quickerandcheaperwayofmakingmotorcarswas______.A.foundin1900B.thatallpartsofmotorcarswerenolongermadebyhandC.theonethattheyshouldbemadeinalargecarfactoriesD.thedifferentpartsofmotorcarswereproducedindifferentworks4.Moderncar-makingfactoriesmeans______A.thefactorieswhichmoderncarsaremakingatB.thefactorieswherecarsaremadebymodernworkersC.thenewfactoriesatwhichcarsarebeingmadeD.thefactorieswheremoderncarsaremade5.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe______.A.MotorCarsB.TheAssemblyLinE.C.ModernFactoriesD.QuickerandCheaperCars

TheHawaiiVolcanoesNationalParkTheHawaiiVolcanoesNationalParkontheislandofHawaiihastwoactivevolcanoes:MaunaLoawhichlasteruptedin1984is13677feet4.17kmabovethesealevel;KilaueaisnexttoMaunaLoaandithasbeeneruptingsinceJanuary31983.Itis4190feet1.23kmabovesealeval.WhentovisitTheparkisopen24hoursadayallyearrounD.Therearenoplantsortreesonthelavafieldsandnoprotectionfromthesunsoyoumustbringsunscreen.HowtogetthereThebestwaytogettotheparkistotakeHighway11.FromtheairportatHiloHighway11willtakeyousouthwardacrosstheeasternpartoftheislanD.ThingstoseeIfyouwanttoknowmoreabouttheparktheKilaueaVisitorCenterissurelyastoptomakE.Itisaquarterofmile402mfromtheparkentrancE.Thereyoucanseeagreatmovieaboutreallavaandlearnaboutmanyguidedwalksandhikesaroundthepark.Youmustcheckweatherconditionsandvolcanicactivitybeforehikesaroundthepark.YoumustcheckweatherconditionsandvolcanicactivitybeforehikealonE.IfpossibleyoumaydrivedownChainofCratersRoadtoseelavaflowingintotheocean.TicketsEntrancetotheparkis＄10.00foreachvehicle＄5.00forthosewhotravelonfootorrideabicyclE.Childrenundertheageof15arefreE.56.TheKilaueaVisitorCenter______.A.offersallkindsofmoviesB.isnexttotheparkentranceC.isopenfor8hourseverydayD.introducestheparktovisitors57.Ifafamilyofthreedrivesacarintotheparktheyneedtopay________.A.＄5.00B.＄10.00C.＄15.00D.＄20.00

Ifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreen防晒霜keepsyousafefromharmfulraysyoumaybewrong.Researchinthisweek’sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberofmelanomas黒瘤anddelaystheiroccurrenceitcan’tpreventthem.Melanomasarethemostaggressiveskincancers.YouhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhairfairskinblueorgreeneyesorsunburneasilyorifacloserelativehashadonE.Melanomasaremorecommonifyouhaveperiodicintenseexposuretothesun.Otherskincancersareincreasinglylikelywithlong-termexposurE.Thereiscontinuingdebateastohoweffectivesunscreenisinreducingmelanomas---theevidenceisweakerthanitisforpreventingothertypesofskincancer.A.2011Australianstudyof1621peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapplysunscreendailyhadhalftherateofmelanomasofpeoplewhousedcreamasneedeD.A.secondstudycomparing1167peoplewithmelanomasto1101whodidn'thavethecancerfoundthatusingsunscreenroutinelyalongsideotherprotectionsuchashatslongsleevesorstayingintheshadedidgivesomeprotection.Thisstudysaidotherformsofsunprotection---notsunscreen---seemedmostbeneficial.Thestudyreliedonpeoplerememberingwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheirlivessoit'snotentirelyreliablE.Butitseemsreasonabletothinksunscreengivespeopleafalsesenseofsecurityinthesun.Manypeoplealsodon'tusesunscreenproperly---applyinginsufficientamountsfailingtoreapplyafteracoupleofhoursandstayinginthesuntoolong.Itissunburnthatismostworrying---recentresearchshowsfiveepisodesofsunburnintheteenageyearsincreasestheriskofallskincancers.ThegoodnewsisthatacombinationofsunscreenandcoveringupcanreducemelanomaratesasshownbyAustralianfiguresfromtheirslip-slop-slapcampaign.Soifthereisaheatwavethissummeritwouldbebestforustootosliponashirtslopon抹上sunscreenandslaponahat.12.WhatdoestheresearchinNaturesayaboutahigh-factorsunscreen?A.Itisineffectiveinpreventingmelanomas.B.Itisineffectiveincaseofintensesunlight.C.Itisineffectivewithlong-termexposurE.D.Itisineffectiveforpeoplewithfairskin.13.Whatdowelearnfromthe2011Australianstudyof1621people?A.Sunscreenshouldbeappliedalongsideotherprotectionmeasures.B.High-riskpeoplebenefitthemostfromtheapplicationofsunscreen.C.IrregularapplicationofsunscreendoeswomenmoreharmthangooD.D.Dailyapplicationofsunscreenhelpsreducetheincidenceofmelanomas.14.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthesecondAustralianstudy?A.Itmisleadspeopletorelyonsunscreenforprotection.B.Ithelpspeopletoselectthemosteffectivesunscreen.C.Itisnotbasedondirectobservationofthesubjects.D.ItconfirmstheresultsofthefirstAustralianstudy.15.Whatdoestheauthorsuggesttoreducemelanomarates?A.Usingbothcoveringupandsunscreen.B.StayingintheshadewheneverpossiblE.C.Usingcoveringupinsteadofsunscreen.D.Applyingtherightamountofsunscreen.

ForeightyfourdaysoldSantiagohadnotcaughtasinglefish.AtfirstayoungboyManolinhadsharedhisbadfortunebutafterthefortiethlucklessdaytheboy'sfathertoldhissontogoinanotherboat.FromthattimeonSantiagoworkedalonE.TheboylovedtheoldfishermanandalwayshelpedhimwithmoneyandfooD.UsuallytheywouldtalkaboutthefishtheyhadtakeninluckiertimesoraboutAmericanbaseballaftersupperwhileatnightaloneinhiscottageSantiagodreamedoflionsonthebeachesofAfricawherehehadgoneonasailingshipyearsbeforE.HenolongerdreamedofhisdeadwifE.Ontheeighty-fifthdaySantiagosetofftofishbeforedawn.Twoofhisbaits饵werefreshtunas金枪鱼theboyhadgivenhim.Thenhesethislineswhichwentstraightdownintodeepdarkwater.AsthesunrosehesawotherboatsintowardshorE.A.manofwarbirdshowedhimwheredolphinwerechasingsomeflyingfish.ThistimeSantiagosawtunajumpinginthesunlight.A.smallonetookthehookonhislinE.PullingthefishaboardtheoldmanthoughtitagoodfortunE.Towardnoonamarlinacommonfishintheseastartedeatingthebaitwhichwasonehundredmetersdown.GentlytheoldmanplayedthefishabigoneasheknewfromtheweightonthelinE.Atlasthestrucktosettlethehook.ThefishdidnotcomeoutofthesurfacE.Insteaditbegantopulltheboattothenorthwest.Theoldmanfollowedit.Althoughhewasaloneandnolongerstronghehadhisskillandknewmanytricks.Hewaitedpatientlyforthefishtobetired.Itbecamecoldafterthesunset.SuddenlythemarlinleanedpullingSantiagoforwardonhisfaceandcuttinghischeek.Bydawnhislefthandwascramped抽筋的.Thefishhadheadednorthward;therewasnolandinsight.Hungryhecutpiecesfromthetunaandchewedthemslowly.ThatmorningthefishjumpeD.SeeingitleapSantiagoknewhehadhookedthebiggestmarlinhehadeverseen.Thenthefishwentdownandturnedtowardtheeast.Santiagodrankalittlewaterfromthebottleduringthehotafternoon.ClosetonightfalladolphintookthesmallhookhehadbaiteD.Helifteditaboardcareful.Afterhehadrestedhecutmeatfromthedolphinandkeptalsothetwoflyingfishhefoundinitsstomach.Thatnightheslept.HeawoketofeelthelinerunningthroughhisfingersasthefishjumpeD.Makingthelinelooseslowlyhetriedtotirethemarlin.Afterthefishsloweditsrunhewashedhiscuthandsinseawaterandateoneoftheflyingfish.AtsunrisethemarlinbegantocirclE.Faintanddizzyheworkedtobringthebigfishnearerwitheachturn.Almostexhaustedhefinallydrewhisbigfishalongsideanddroveintheharpoon鱼叉.Thefishwastwofeetlongerthantheboat.NofishlikeithadeverbeenseeninHavanaharbor.AnhourlaterhesightedthefirstsharkafierceMakoanditcameinfasttochaseafterthedeadmarlin.Theoldmanstruckthesharkwithhisharpoon.TheMakorolledandsankcarryingtheharpoonwithitandleavingthemarlinbloody.HeknewthesmellwouldspreaD.Watchinghesawtwosharksclosingin.Hestruckatonewithhisknifeandwatcheditslidingdownintodeepwater.Hekilledtheotherwhileittoreatthefleshofthemarlin.Whenthethirdappearedhethrust刺itwiththeknifE.Theothersharkscameatsunset.Atfirsthetriedtobeatthemwiththetiller舵柄fromtheboatbuthishandswerebleedingandthereweretoomanyintheseA.Inthedarknessashesteered掌舵towardtheharborofHavanaheheardthemhittingtheboatagainandagain.Buttheoldmanthoughtonlyofhissteeringandhisgreattiredness.Hehadgoneouttoofarandthesharkshadbeatenhim.Heknewtheywouldleavehimnothingbutthestrippedskeletonofthebigmarlin.Alllightswereoutwhenhesailedintothelittleharborandbeachedhisboat.Hecouldjustmakeoutthewhitebackboneandtheupstandingtailofthefish.Oncehefellundertheirweightandlaypatientlyuntilhecouldgatherhisstrengthtogoon.Inhiscottagehefellonhisbedandwenttosleep.65.Theabovestoryismostlikelytobeadaptedfrom__________.A.TheAdventuresOfTomSawyerB.TheOldManAndTheSeaC.TheSonOfTheSeaD.TreasureIsland66.AccordingtothetextwhichstatementisNOTtrueaboutManolin?A.TheboyleftSantiagoatlast.B.TheboyhadmercyonSantiago.C.TheboywasSantiago'sadoptedson.D.TheboyshowedhisgreatconcernstoSantiago.67.Whydidthemanfeelthathecouldbeluckythistime?A.Becausealotofsharksfollowedhisboat.B.BecauseasmalltunatookthehookonhislinE.C.BecausehedreamedabouttheAmericanlions.D.Becausehesawmanyflyingfishwerechasedbythedolphins.68.WhydoesSantiagoletthemarlinleadhisboatinsteadofpullingthebigfishup?A.Hewastootiredandhungrytopullthebigfishup.B.Hewantedtousethemarlinasabaittocatchthesharks.C.Hisexperiencetoldhimnottodosobeforethefishwastiredout.D.Hewantedtokillthemarlinfirstbeforehepulledituptotheboat.69.WhichsentencebelowcanbeusedtobestdescribeSantiago'scharacter?A.HenolongerdreamedofhisdeadwifE.inParA.1B.Althoughhewasaloneandnolongerstronghehadhisskillandknewmanytricks.inParA.4C.Almostexhaustedhefinallydrewhisbigfishalongsideanddroveintheharpoon.inParA.5D.Oncehefellundertheirweightandlaypatientlyuntilhecouldgatherhisstrengthtogoon.inParA.670.Accordingtothetextwhatwillbetalkedaboutnext?A.People'sreflectionwhentheysawthegiantmarlin’sskeletonoutsidE.B.A.funeralheldbytheboyandthelocalpeopleafterhisdeath.C.Santiago’sactiontorealizehisdreamaboutthelions.D.Santiago’sstruggleagainstsharks.

SirJohnaBritishscientistwhowonlastyear’sNobelPrizeformedicinesaidhehadpredictedatthetimeofhisfrogexperimentsthatthesuccessfulcloningofamammalwouldhappenwithin50yearsandthatmaybethesameanswerisappropriateforthesteptohumancloning.Parentswholosechildreninaccidentsmaybeabletoclonecopiestoreplacethemthen.Althoughanyattempttocloneanentirehumanwouldraisecomplexmoralissuesthebiologistclaimedpeoplewouldsoonovercometheirconcernsifthetechniquebecamemedicallyuseful.CloningwasregardedwithextremedoubtswhenitwasfirstdevelopedbutbecamewidelyacceptedafterthebirthofLouiseBrownthefirsttesttubebaby.HesaidWhenmyfirstfrogexperimentsweredoneanAmericanreporteraskedhowlongitwillbebeforethesethingscanbedoneinmammalsorhumans.Isaid‘Wellitcouldbeanywherebetween10yearsand100years—howabout50years?’Itturnedoutthatitwasn'tfaroffthemarkasfarasDollywasconcerneD.MaybethesameanswerisappropriatE.SirJohnaddedthatcloningahumanbeingeffectivelymeansmakinganidenticaltwinanddoctorswouldthereforesimplybecopyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced.Theaveragevoteonallowingparentsofdeceasedchildrenwhoarenolongerfertiletocreateanotherusingthemother'seggsandskincellsfromthefirstchildthinkingthetechniquewassafeandeffectiveis60percentinfavor.Thereasonsfornoareusuallythatthenewchildwouldfeeltheyweresomesortofareplacementforsomething.21.SirJohnpredictedthehumancloningwouldbearealityin________atmost.A.100yearsB.60yearsC.50yearsD.10years22.AccordingtothetextwhichstatementisNOTtrue?A.LouiseBrownisthefirsttesttubebaby.B.HumancloningisstillacontroversialtopiC.C.SirJohnispositiveaboutthefutureofhumancloning.D.Humancloningiscreatingsomethingthatdidn'texistbeforE.23.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.ThelifeofSirJohn.B.Predictiononhumancloning.C.Viewsonhumancloning.D.Achievementsinhumancloning.

ThesplendidauroralightdisplaysthatappearinEarth’satmospherearoundthenorthandsouthmagnetic磁的poleswereoncemysteriousphenomenA.Nowscientistshavedatafromsatellitesandground-basedobservationsfromwhichweknowthattheaurorabrillianceisamassiveelectricaldischargesimilartothatoccurringinaneonsign.TounderstandthecauseofaurorasfirstpicturetheEarthenclosedbyitsmagnetosphere磁层ahugeregioncreatedbytheEarth’smagneticfielD.Outsidethemagnetosphererushingtowardtheearthisthesolarwindaspeedilymovingbodyofionized离子化的gaseswithitsownmagneticfielD.Chargedparticles粒子inthissolarwindspeedearthwardalongthesolarwind’smagneticlinesofforcE.TheEarth’smagnetosphereisabarriertothesolarwindsandforcesthechargedparticlesofthesolarwindtoflowaroundthemagnetosphereitself.ButinthepolarregionsthemagneticlinesofforceoftheEarthandofthesolarwindgathertogether.Heremanyofthesolarwind’schargedparticlesbreakthroughthemagnetosphereandenterEarth’smagneticfielD.TheythenrushbackandforthbetweentheEarth’smagneticpolesveryrapidlyandionizeandexcitetheatomsoftheupperatmosphereoftheEarthcausingthemtoproduceauroraradiationsofvisiblelight.Thecolorsofanauroradependontheatomsproducingthem.Theleadinggreenish-whitelightcomesfromlowenergyexcitationofoxygenatoms.Duringhugemagneticstormsoxygenatomsalsoundergohighenergyexcitationandproducepinklight.Excitednitrogen氮atomscontributebandsofcolorvaryingfrombluetoviolet.ViewedfromouterspaceaurorascanbeseenasdimlyshiningbeltswrappedaroundeachoftheEarth’smagneticpoles.Eachaurorahangslikeacurtainoflightstretchingoverthepolarregionsandintothehigherlatitudes.Whenthesolarflares闪光thatresultinmagneticstormsandauroraactivityareverystrongauroradisplaysmayextendasfarasthesouthernregionsoftheUnitedStates.58.Whatisitthatdirectlygivesoffauroralight?A.theEarth’smagneticfieldB.thesolarwind’smagneticfieldC.theEarth’sionizedparticlesD.thesolarwind’schargedparticles59.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlydiscuss?A.TheappearanceofaurorasaroundtheEarth’spoles.B.Theperiodicchangeinthedisplayofauroras.C.Thefactorsthatcausethevarietyofcolorsinauroras.D.Thecoveringareaofaurorasbasedontheircolors.60.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.ThemagnetosphereincreasesthespeedofparticlesfromthesolarwinD.B.Thecolorofgreenish-whiteappearsleastfrequentlyinanauroradisplay.C.Earth’smagneticfieldcontributestothevarietyanddifferenceofaurora’scolors.D.ThestrengthofthesolarflareshasapositiveeffectontheextendingdistanceofaurorA.

Thiscouldbetheperfectgiftforthepartnerwhoembarrassesyouonthedancefloor.Smartsockswhichcanteachtodancemaybetheanswerforanyonewithtwoleftfeet.Thesockshavebeendevelopedasarunningtooltohelprunnersimprovetheirskills.Thankstothesocksuserscanaccurately精确地recordnotonlyknowfarandfasttheyrunbutalsohowwell.Itmeanstheusermaximizes最大化theirperformanceandreducesdamagetobodyandpreventshurt.Thehi-techsocksaremadeofspecialfibers纤维thatwatchthemovementsofyourfeet.Theylookfeelandcanbewashedlikenormalclothes.Sensorsrecordeachmovementandsenditbyanankletransmitter脚踝发射器toasmartphonE.Thenavirtualcoachapplicationshowstheinformationandcantelltheuserwhattheyaredoingwrongandhelptoimproveskillinanytaskwithfeet.Thesocksshouldbeusefultoathletesandweekendjoggers.PeoplethinkrunningissoeasyandofcourseeverybodycandoitbutnotnecessarilysafelyandwellDrDavideViganosaiD.A.recentstudyshowedthatbetween60and80percentofrunnersgothurtperyear.Thisisprettymuchmorethananyotherhumanactivity.Researcherssaythetechnologycanalsobedevelopedtoteachpeoplehowtodanceplaysportssuchgolforeventohelptoteachwomentowalkbetterinhighheels.Mr.ViganosaidPeoplecouldallbenefitfromtheideA.Wehavehadinterestfromallsortsofsportslikeskiingfootballcyclingandgolf.Anythingwhereyouhavetouseyourfeetcanuseit.Itcouldevenbeputinhighheelstohelpwomenwalkinthemsafely.Socksarejustthestartandthetechnologycouldbeusedingloveshatsandboots.Thesocksankletandsoftwarepackageareexpectedtobesoldforaround￡120whichwillgoonsaleinMarch.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartanyonewithtwoleftfeetreferto?A.PeoplewhoaredisableD.B.Peoplewhoinventedthesocks.C.Peoplewhoarenotgoodatdancing.D.Peoplewhoareinterestedindancing.34.What’sspecialaboutfibersthatthesocksaremadeof?A.Theycanmonitorthemovementoffeet.B.Theyfeelmuchsofterthannormalclothes.C.TheyareexpensivetoproducE.D.Theyactasasmartphoneforusers.35.AccordingtoDrVigano_____A.60to80percentofrunnerswouldliketobuythesmartsocks.B.userscanrunasfastastheylikewiththesocks.C.everyonecanmakegooduseofthesmartsocks.D.norunnerswillgethurtthankstothesocks.

Whoknowsaboutsleep?Astronauts宇航员.Theyhaveto.Theirbodiesarecutofffromtheoutsideworldthatreminds提醒uswhattimeitis.Butactuallyit'sevenworsethanthat.AnastronautreportedinhisdiarythathewaslikelytomakemistakesondaysfollowinganunusuallylatebedtimE.SoNASAstarteddoingsomeseriousresearch.Theyquicklyrealizedthatwe'reaslavetotheoutsideworlD.Withoutlightanddarknesswe'reunabletoregulate管理sleeptimes.Becauseofmoderntechnologywe'realllivingmorelikeastronautsnow.Lightisnolongerafunction功能ofthesunbutofalways-onindoorlightsTVandcomputerscreens.Temperaturenolongerfollowsacycleofcoolingatnightandwarmingduringtheday.IsitanywonderthatathirdofAmericanshavesleepproblems?Maybeyouthinkthisdoesn'taffectyou—oratleastnotmuch.You'rewrong.Researchdoneonnon-astronautshasshownthesamething.Aftertwoweeksofsixhoursofsleepanight;you'redrunk.Bytheendoftwoweeksthesix-hoursleepersbehavedasbadlyasthosewhohadn'tsleptfor24hours.Butwhatdidtheysaywhenaskedhowtheyfelt?It'snotaffectingmE.SoifyouareperformingpoorlybecauseofsleepproblemsyoumayhavenoideA.Thisisarealproblem.SowhatanswersdidNASAcomeupwith?TakeanhourtocalmdownbeforebeD.Yesyou'rebusy.Butyourtimeisnotmorevaluablethananastronaut's.KeepyourbedroomdarkcoolandfreefromnoisE.Evenifyouthinkthelightdoesn'taffectyouorthenoiseisn'tthatbaditcanstillaffectsleepquality.Anotheradvice:forgetthealarmclock闹钟inthemorning;setanalarmtoremindyoutogotobedatnight.Whenitgoesofffinishupanyworkonthecomputerandturnoffanyunnecessarylights.Thispreventsyoufromcheatingyourselfonsleepandallowsyoutowakeupnaturally.32.WhatdidNASAfindaboutpeople’ssleep?A.Ittakesalongtimetodevelopregularsleeptimes.B.It’sstronglyinfluencedbytheoutsideworlD.C.Itremainsuntouchedbyoutsideinfluences.D.It’shardtochangeone’ssleephabits.33.Thebiggestproblemofthosewhohaven’tenoughsleepliesinthefactthat.A.theycan’tfallasleepwithoutthelightsonB.theydon’tknowwhethertheysleepwellC.theyrefusetoregulatetheirsleeptimesD.theygettoodrunktosleepwell34.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthetextmean?A.YoushouldmakefulluseofyourtimE.B.Youcanfindthetimetogetreadytosleep.C.Youcansleeplatertofinishyourworkfirst.D.Youshouldlearnfromastronauts’wayofsleep.35.What’stheadviceonthealarmclock?A.Useittoremindyoutosleep.B.PutitfarawayfromyourbeD.C.Getupimmediatelywhenitrings.D.Paynoattentiontoitwhenitrings.

Youcan’talwayspredictaheavyrainorrememberyourumbrellA.ButdesignerMikhailBelyacvdoesn’tthinkthatforgettingtochecktheweatherforecastbeforeheadingoutshouldresultinyougettingwet.That’swhyhecreatedlampbrellaalamppostwithitsownrain-sensingumbrellA.ThedesignersayshecameupwiththeideaafterwatchingpeoplegetwetonstreetsinRussiA.OnceIwasdrivingonacentralSaintPetersburgstreetandsawthestreetlampslightinguppeopletryingtohidefromtherain.Ithoughtitwouldbeappropriatetohaveacanopy伞蓬builtintoastreetlamp.hesaiD.Thelampbrellaisastandard-lookingstreetlampfittedwithanumbrellacanopy.Ithasabuilt-inelectricmotorwhichcanopenorclosetheumbrellaondemanD.Sensors传感器thenensurethattheumbrellaofferspedestriansshelterwheneveritstartsraining.Inadditiontotherainsensorthere’salsoa360°motionsensoronthefiberglassstreetlampwhichdetectswhetheranyone’susingthelampbrellA.AfterthreeminutesofnotbeingusedthecanopyiscloseD.Accordingtothedesignerthelampbrellawouldmoveatarelativelylowspeedsoasnottocauseharmtothepedestrians.BesidesitwouldbegroundedtoprotectfrompossiblelightingstrikE.EachlampbrellawouldofferenoughshelterforseveralpeoplE.Installed安装at2metersoffthegrounditwouldonlybeadangerforthetallestofpedestrians.WhiletherearenoplanstotakelampbrellaintoproductionBelyacvsaysherecentlyintroducedhiscreationtooneMoscowDepartmentandinsiststhiscreationcouldbeinstalledonanystreetwherealotofpeoplewalkbuttherearenocanopiestoprovideshelter.34.ForwhatpurposedidBelyacvcreatethelampbrella?A.Topredictaheavyrain.B.Tochecktheweatherforecast.C.Toprotectpeoplefromtherain.D.ToremindpeopletotakeanumbrellA.35.WhatdoweknowfromBelyacv’swordsinParagraph2?A.HiscreationwasinspiredbyanexperiencE.B.ItrainsalotinthecityofSaintPetersburg.C.Streetlampsareprotectedbycanopies.D.Heenjoyedtakingwalksintherain.36.WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytellusaboutthelampbrella?A.ItsmovingspeeD.B.ItsappearancE.C.Itsinstallation.D.Itssafety.37.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Thedesignerwillopenacompanytopromotehisproduct.B.Thelampbrellacouldbeputintoimmediateproduction.C.Thedesignerisconfidentthathiscreationispractical.D.ThelampbrellawouldbeputonshowinMoscow.

Zebrashavetheirownbugrepellent驱虫剂?Ewwbugs!Theyaresoannoying!Wehumansareluckythatwecanapplyrepellentstoavoidnastybites.Butwhat’sananimaltodo?Theyhavenochoicebuttospendtheirdaysshooingthemoffwiththeirtailsunlessofcoursetheyarezebraswhoapparentlyhavetheirownautomaticrepellent---theirstripedskin!Scientistshadoriginallythoughtthatthereasonwhytheanimalhaddevelopedtheblackandwhitelineswastohelpprotectitselffrompredators食肉动物intheAfricansavannah大草原becausethestripesmakeitdifficulttosingleoutonezebrathatistravelingwithaherD.Whilethatmaybetruethetheoryhasneverbeentestedorproven.Nowtheexpertshaveanother---thatthestripeshaveevolvedtorepeltheannoyinghorsefliesthatnotonlyfeedofftheirbloodbutalsotransmitdangerousgermsintothebodiesoftheseinnocentanimals.ThestudywasperformedbyateamofSwedishscientists.Oneofthecluesthatgotthemthinkingalongtheselineswasthefactthatdarkerhorsesgotbittenmoreoftenthanlight-coloredorwhiteones.Thefactthatzebrasarebornblackandonlydevelopstripesastheygrowoldermadethescientiststheorizethatthestripesmaybesomethingtheanimalshavedevelopedtomakethemselveslessattractivetoflies.Totestifthismaybethecasetheypaintedsomeboardsatahorse-infested寄生的horsefarminBudapestwithpatternsofblackandwhitestripesofvaryingwidthsandappliedalayerofglueonthem.Whattheynoticedwasthattheplaceswheretheblackandwhitestripeswereattheirnarrowestsimilartowhatzebrashaveattractedthefewestflies.Theyachievedsimilarresultswhentheypaintedhorseswithblackandwhitezebra-likestripes.Whiletheresearcharenotsurewhythismaybethecasetheybelieveitmaybesomethingtodowiththewayinsectsoperate---horsefliesareattractedtohorizontallypolarizedlight偏振光;sincewhitedoesnotreflectitwhitehorsesareluckierthanblackones.Butzebrasseemtobetheluckiestofall.Whentheresearchersmeasuredthepolarizedlightreflectedfromrealzebraskinstheyfoundthatitmatchedlightpatternsthatweretheleastattractivetohorseflies.Whilethistheorydoesmakelogicalsensenobodyis100percentsurethatitisreallytruegiventhatithasneverbeentestedonarealzebrA.Ifitistrueitdoesraisethequestionofwhyahorseacloserelativeofthezebrahasfailedtodevelopstripes.TheresearchersbelievethatthiscouldbebecausetherearemorehorsefliesinAfricawherezebrasresidethenanywhereelseintheworlD.TitleZebrashavetheirownbugrepellent?ReasonswhyzebrasdeveloptheirstripsOriginalbeliefWiththeblackandwhitelinesonezebraisdifficulttosingleoutwhiletravelingwithaherdthus___62.__itfromitsenemies.NewtheoryZebrasresidinginAfricawheretherearemosthorsefliesintheworldhavedevelopedstripsto___63.___beingattackeD.AstudyResearchersAteamofscientistsfrom___64.____65.___Totestifstripsaredevelopedtomakezebraslessattractivetoflies.Clues*Whiteorlight-coloredhorsesareless__66._togetbittenthandarkones.*Zebrasdevelopstripsastheygrowolderthoughbornblack.Method*Someboardsatahorsefarmarepaintedwithpatternsofblackandwhitestripesvariously___67.__alayerofglueappliedonthem.*Measuredthepolarizedlightreflectedfromrealzebraskins._68.___*Theplaceswheretheblackandwhitestripesatthenarrowestweresimilartothe__69.__zebrashaveattractedthefewestflies.*Stripsofzebrasmatchedlightpatternsthatweretheleastattractivetohorseflies.Principleofzebras’blackandwhitestripsrepellingthefliesHorizontallypolarizedlightwhichwhitedoesnotreflect___70.__tohorseflies.Conclusion___71.___testedonrealzebrasthetheoryisn’tdefinitelytruE.

Beforethegrasshasthickenedontheroadsideverges边缘andleaveshavestartedgrowingonthetreesisaperfecttimetolookaroundandseejusthowdirtyBritainhasbecomE.Thepavementsarestained污染withchewinggumthathasbeenspatoutandthegutters排水沟arefullofdiscardedfastfoodcartons纸板箱.YearsagoIremembertravellingabroadandbeingsaddenedbytheplasticbagsdiscardedbottlesandsoilednappiesattheedgeofeveryroaD.NowadaysBritainseemstolookatleastasbaD.Whathasgonewrong?TheproblemisthattherubbishcreatedbyourincreasinglymobileliveslastsalotlongerthanbeforE.Ifitisnotclearedupandproperlythrownawayitstaysintheundergrowthforyears;asemi-permanent半永久性的reminderofwhatatatty不整洁的littlecountrywehavenow.Firstlyitisestimatedthat10billionplasticbagshavebeengiventoshoppers.Thesewilltakeanythingfrom100to1000yearstorot.Howeveritisnotasifthereisnosolutiontothis.A.fewyearsagotheIrishgovernmentintroducedataxonnon-recyclablecarrierbagsandinthreemonthsreducedtheiruseby90%.WhenhewasaministerMichaelMeacherattemptedtointroduceasimilararrangementinBritain.TheplasticsindustryprotestedofcoursE.Howevertheyneednothavebothered;theideawaskilledbeforeitcoulddrawbreathleavingsupermarketsfreetogiveawayplasticbags.Whatisclearlynecessaryrightnowissomesortofcombinedinitiative首创精神bothindividualandcollective集体beforeitistoolatE.Thealternativeistocontinueslidingdownhilluntilwehaveacountrythatlookslikeavastmunicipalrubbishtip.Wemaywellbeatthetippingpoint.Yetweknowthatpeoplerespondtotheirenvironment.Ifthingsaroundthemarecleanandtidypeoplebehavecleanlyandtidily.Iftheyaresurroundedbysqualor肮脏的theybehavesqualidly.NowmuchofBritainlooksprettysqualid卑劣的.Whatwillitlooklikeinfiveyears?12.Accordingtothewriterthingsusedtobe.A.badabroaD.B.goodabroaD.C.betterabroaD.D.worsebutnowthingsarebetterabroaD.13.WhenMichaelMeacherwasaministerhe.A.followedtheIrishexamplewithataxonplasticbags.B.triedtofollowtheIrishexamplewithataxonplasticbags.C.madenoattempttofollowtheIrishexamplewithataxonplasticbags.D.hadproblemswiththeplasticsindustrywhoweren'tbotheredaboutthetax.14.Thewriterthinks.A.itistoolatetodoanythingtosolvetheproblem.B.weareatthetippingpointtosolvetheproblem.C.thereisnoalternativetosolvetheproblem.D.weneedtoworktogethertosolvetheproblem.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthewriter’sopinion?A.peoplearesqualidandtheybehavesqualidly.B.peoplebehaveaccordingtowhattheyseearoundthem.C.peoplearecleanandtidyandbehavecleanlyandtidily.D.peoplearelikeavastmunicipalrubbishtip.

SportsshoesthatworkoutwhethertheirownerhasdoneenoughexercisetoensuretimeinfrontofthetelevisionhavebeeninventedintheUK.Theshoes―dubbed配音的SquareEyescontainanelectronicpressuresensorandatinycomputerchiptorecordhowmanystepsthewearerhastakeninaday.A.wirelesstransmitter发射机passestheinformationtoareceiverconnectedtoatelevisionandthisdecideshowmucheveningviewingtimethewearerdeservesbasedontheday’sefforts.Thedesignwasinspiredbyadesiretocombat遏制therapidlyballooningwaistlinesamongBritishteenagerssaidGillianSwanwhodevelopedSquareEyesasafinalyeardesignprojectatBrunelUniversityinLondonUK.Welookedatcurrentissuesandchildhoodobesity过度肥胖reallystoodoutshetoldNewScientist.AndIwantedtodealwiththatwithmydesign.Oncethechildhasuseduptheirdailyallowancegainedthroughexercisethetelevisionautomaticallyswitchesoff.AndfurthertimeinfrontoftheTVcanonlybeearnedthroughmoresteps.Swancalculatedhowexerciseshouldtranslatetotelevisiontimeusingtherecommendeddailyamountsofboth.Healthexpertssuggestedachildtake12000stepseachdayandwatchnomorethan2hoursofTV.Soevery100stepsrecordedbytheSquareEyesshoesequalsexactlyoneminuteofTVtimE.25.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe______.A.A.Newly-inventedTypeofShoesintheUKB.SmartShoesDecidingonTelevisionTimeC.NewShoesandWatchingTVintheUKD.TheProblemofChildren’sObesity26.Weknowfromthepassagethewirelesstransmitterisprobablyplacedin______.A.thepressuresensorB.thetelevisionC.thecomputerD.theshoes27.GillianSwandevelopedSquareEyesto______.A.gainenoughTVtimeB.dealwithchildhoodobesityC.encourageTVwatchingD.finishuniversitydesignproject28.TheunderlinedwordallowanceinParA.4probablymeans______.A.themoneygiventochildrenB.themoneyforwatchingTVC.thetimeofwatchingTVD.thestepstobetaken

ElNinoaSpanishtermfor＂theChristchild＂wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermanwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpatternwhichhappenseverytwotosevenyearsreducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNinoseeswarmwatercollectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacificflowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweakenorsometimestheotherwayrounD.Theweathereffectsbothgoodandbadarefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNinoonbalancethantheylosE.A.studyfoundthatastrongNinoin1997-98helpedAmerican’seconomygrowby$15billionpartlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvestfarmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalinrichcountriesingrowththanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.A.multi-yeardrought干旱insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworsE.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNinomayrelievethedroughtinCaliforniatheyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNinoin1997-98killedaround21000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobE.ButsuchNinoscomewithmonthsofwarningandsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanpreparE.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstituteODIhoweverjust12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvanceratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure基础设施canreducethespreadofdiseasE.Bettersewers下水道makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authorscivilconflictisrelatedtoElNino’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountrythestrongerthelink.ThoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausalhelpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeoplE.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNinoreducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.61.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1?A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B.IttakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworlD.C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.62.WhatmayE.lNinosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.63.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat_________.A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC.victimsofElNinodeservemorecompensationD.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst64.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceElNinoanditsorigin.B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNino.C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNino.D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNino.

MotherNaturecanbefierceandsomeofthegreatestpowersheusescomesintheformofsandstorms.Theycanbefoundacrosstheglobeandmuchliketornadoes龙卷风littleisknownaboutthem.SandandduststormscanbedeadlywiththeirsuffocatingwindsfullofsanD.Afunnythingaboutsandandduststormsisthattheyhardlyevergiveanywarning.Theycanbedetectedlikeatornadobutonlyafterithasformedadustwhirl回旋.Onaradarscreentheyappeartobeanyothermassofbadweather.Howevertheyaremuchworsethanathunderstorm.NotonlydosandstormsproducetornadoescalledsandwhirlsbuttheyinvadeeverycornertheyfinD.Ifyoucangetoutofthepathdoso.HowtosurviveasandstormwhenyoucannotrunawaySandstormscomequicklyleavingvalleylikebeachesintheirwaythatcancoveranentirehousE.Ifyouhavetostaywhereyouaregetready.Closeallwindowsanddoorsandthencoverthemwithplasticclothorcurtainswhichhavetobenailedtothewalls.Thatwillhelpkeepthemillionsoftinybitsfromenteringyourthroatandlungs.CoveralltheholesthatleadtotheoutsidE.A.basementisnotnecessarilythebestplaceasthecloudsofdustwillsinkthroughthefloors.CoveryourentirefaceandeyesifpossiblE.Bandannas头巾willworkindanger.Hunker蹲downinasealedareaboxcontainerorroomthatisinnodangerofbeingrippedawaybythefiercewinds.Ifnothingelseisavailablelayyourselfonplasticclothorsomethingmadeofanairtightmaterialandthenrollyourselfupinit.Thesmallestcrackwillletinmoresandanddustthanyourlungscanhandleforanylengthoftimeandtheseforcesofnatureusuallyhangaroundforhourscoveringeverything.Breathingthroughwetclothlikeinafiresituationwillalsohelponcethecloudsofdustarebeginningtocomein.Thewetclothstopsthedustandprovidesmoistureinadifficultsituation.8.TheunderlinedwordsuffocatinginParagraph1probablymeans________.A.lettingoutastrangenoiseB.beingfrighteningordangerousC.destroyingeverythingonthewayD.causingdifficultyinbreathing9.Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?A.Therearesandstormsonlyindeserts.B.Sandstormsoftenarrivewithoutanysign.C.Sandstormsarequitedifferentfromtornadoes.D.Thunderstormsareworsethansandstorms.10.Whatisbestforpeopletodoifasandstormcomes?A.Getoutofitswayquickly.B.Coveryourselfwithwetcloth.C.CoveryourheadwithabandannA.D.Enterabasementifyoucan.11.Whyshouldpeoplehunkerdowninasealedareaboxorcontainer?A.Becausetheywon’tbeblownawaybysandstorms.B.Becausetheycan’tberippedawaybythewinD.C.Becausetheycanstopsandordustfromcomingin.D.BecausetheycanstopthedustandprovidemoisturE.

PassengerpigeonsonceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks群solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpointthereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons–anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStatesmakingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworlD.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmalleraflockbelievedtobeamilewideand320milesabout515kilometerslongwasseennearCincinnati.Sadlytheabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundantpeoplebelievedtherewasanever-lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.CommercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrainwaiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeedthenthrewlargenetsoverthemtakinghundredsatatimE.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcenturythehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans’needforwoodwhichscattered驱散theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorthwherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdeclinE.Soonthegreatflocksweregonenevertobeseenagain.In1897thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeonsbutbythennosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCountyOhioin1900.ForatimeafewbirdssurvivedunderhumancarE.ThelastofthemknownaffectionatelyasMarthadiedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember11914.24.Inthe18thandearly19thcenturiespassengerpigeons_______.A.werethebiggestbirdintheworldB.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmericaC.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD.werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS25.Theunderlinedwordundoingprobablyreferstothepigeons’______.A.escapeB.ruinC.liberationD.evolution26.Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?A.ToseekpleasurE.B.Tosaveotherbirds.C.Tomakemoney.D.Toprotectcrops.27.WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?A.ItwasignoredbythepubliC.B.ItwasdeclaredtoolatE.C.Itwasunfair.D.Itwasstrict.

AsInternetusersbecomemoredependentontheInternettostoreinformationarepeoplerememberingless?Ifyouknowyourcomputerwillsaveinformationwhystoreitinyourownpersonalmemoryyourbrain?ExpertsarewonderingiftheInternetischangingwhatwerememberandhow.InarecentstudyProfessorBetsySparrowconductedsomeexperiments.SheandherresearchteamwantedtoknowhowtheInternetischangingmemory.Inthefirstexperimenttheygavepeople40unimportantfactstotypeintoacomputer.Thefirstgroupofpeopleunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldsavetheinformation.Thesecondgroupunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldnotsaveit.Laterthesecondgrouprememberedtheinformationbetter.Peopleinthefirstgroupknewtheycouldfindtheinformationagainsotheydidnottrytorememberit.Inanotherexperimenttheresearchersgavepeoplefactstorememberandtoldthemwheretofindtheinformationonthecomputer.Theinformationwasinaspecificcomputerfolder文件夹.Surprisinglypeoplelaterrememberedthefolderlocation位置betterthanthefacts.WhenpeopleusetheInternettheydonotremembertheinformation.Rathertheyrememberhowtofindit.Thisiscalledtransactivememory交互记忆.AccordingtoSparrowwearenotbecomingpeoplewithpoormemoriesasaresultoftheInternet.Insteadcomputerusersaredevelopingstrongertransactivememories;thatispeoplearelearninghowtoorganizehugequantitiesofinformationsothattheyareabletoaccessitatalaterdatE.Thisdoesn'tmeanwearebecomingeithermoreorlessintelligentbutthereisnodoubtthatthewayweusememoryischanging.4.Thepassagebeginswithtwoquestionsto.A.introducethemaintopicB.showtheauthor'sattitudeC.describehowtousetheInternetD.explainhowtostoreinformation5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefirstexperiment?A.TheSparrow'steamtypedtheinformationintoacomputer.B.Thetwogroupsrememberedtheinformationequallywell.C.Thefirstgroupdidnottrytoremembertheinformation.D.Thesecondgroupdidnotunderstandtheinformation.6.Intransactivememorypeople.A.keeptheinformationinmindB.changethequantityofinformationC.organizeinformationlikeacomputerD.rememberhowtofindtheinformation7.WhatistheeffectoftheInternetaccordingtoSparrow'sresearch?A.Weareusingmemorydifferently.B.Wearebecomingmoreintelligent.C.WehavepoorermemoriesthanbeforE.D.Weneedabetterwaytoaccessinformation.

Doyouknowwhatcouch-potatomeans?WellinAmericathewordisnowoftenuseD.YouseeinAmericamanypeopleoftenspendtheirfreetimesittingonasofawatchingTV.Astherearemanychannels频道tochoosetheTVcanbequiteinterestingandveryaddictive使人上瘾的.OnemaysitandwatchTVforhoursandhourswithoutstop!WellthesepeoplewhodonothingalldayexceptwatchTVarecalledcouch-potatoes.InAmericawhilewatchingTVmostoftensittingstillwitheyeslookingrightintotheTVset.AlsobecausethesepeopleareaddictivetoTVtheydon’ttakeexerciseandusuallygetveryfat.Soinmanywaysthesepeoplelooklikerealpotatoes!WellbecausetheylookfatandwatchTVonacouchtheyareallcalledcouch-potatoes.Nowyouknowwhatacouch-potatomeans.ThenexttimeifyouseesomeonewatchingTVtoolongjustsayWhatacouch-potato!21.Thewordcouch-potatoisoftenusedin______.A.ChinaB.AmericaC.FranceD.Germany22.Ifapersoniscalledacouch-potatoheorshe______.A.doesnothingalldayB.mustbeveryfatC.oftenwatchesTVinhisfreetimeD.oftenlistenstomusic23.Thepassagemainly主要tellsus______.A.howtowatchTVB.whatcouch-potatomeansC.whycouch-potatoesareveryfatD.whereyoucanfindcouch-potatoes24.Whichofthefollowingsdoyouthinkmaybethewriter’ssuggestion?A.NeverwatchTV.B.Don’tsitonacouch.C.Don’twatchTVtoomuchD.Don’teattoomuch

Ifadiversurfaces浮出水面tooquicklyhemaysufferthebends减压病.Nitrogen氮dissolved溶解inhisbloodissuddenlyliberated释放bythereductionofpressurE.Theconsequenceifthebubbles气泡accumulateinajointissharppainandabentbody—thusthenamE.Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbraintheconsequencecanbedeath.Otherair-breathinganimalsalsosufferthisdecompression减压sicknessiftheysurfacetoofast:whalesforexamplE.Andsolongagodidichthyosaurs鱼龙.Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones.Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffitsbloodsupply.ThiskillsthecellsintheboneandconsequentlyweakensitsometimestothepointofcollapsE.Fossil化石bonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebends.BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast.Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears.Tothisendheandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworld’snatural-historymuseumslookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheTriassic三叠纪periodandfromthelaterJurassic侏罗纪andCretaceous白垩纪periods.Whenhestartedheassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossilsreflectingtheirgradualevolution进化ofmeasurestodealwithdecompression.InsteadhewasastonishedtodiscovertheoppositE.Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydiedbutnotasingleTriassicspecimen标本showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury.Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeanstheyclearlydidsoquickly—andmoststrangelytheylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappeneD.HesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechangE.Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator捕食动物suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodilesbothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceansbycontrastweremercifullyshark-andcrocodile-freE.IntheTriassicthenichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain.IntheJurassicandCretaceoustheywereprey猎物aswellaspredator—andoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.58.Whichofthefollowingisatypicalsymptomofthebends?A.A.twistedbody.B.A.gradualdecreaseinbloodsupply.C.A.suddenreleaseofnitrogeninblooD.D.A.dropinbloodpressurE.59.ThepurposeofRothschild’sstudyistosee______.A.howoftenichthyosaurscaughtthebendsB.howichthyosaursadaptedtodecompressionC.whyichthyosaursbenttheirbodiesD.whenichthyosaursbroketheirbones60.Rothschild’sfindingstatedinParagraph4______.A.confirmedhisassumptionB.speededuphisresearchprocessC.disagreedwithhisassumptionD.changedhisresearchobjectives61.Rothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs______.A.failedtoevolveananti-decompressionmeansB.graduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebendsC.diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodilesD.evolvedananti-decompressionmeansbutsoonlostit

IfaskedifspaceexplorationshouldcontinuemostAmericanswouldgiveanimmediateresponseeitherinfavorofcontinuingorinfavorofendingspaceexploration.A.commonresponsewouldbethatspaceexplorationisawasteofmoney.AnaverageAmericanuneducatedonthesubjectmightbelievethatthegovernmentiswastingbillionsofdollarsontheresearchthathasnomerit.Someonestrangetothesubjectmightsaythataspaceshuttlegoesuponceinawhileandthatisaboutallthathappens.ResearchisongoingandcontinueswhentherearenoshuttlesbeinglauncheD.Thisalsocoststhegovernmentmoney.Doestheextremecostofspaceexplorationmakesense?OneargumentisthatthegovernmentiswastingmoneyontheresearchnotbeingusedonEarth.ActuallythemoneygoestoworkersandscientiststhatsupportNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationNASAmissions任务andgoestomajorcompaniesthatplayimportantrolesinmajorsectorsoftheUSeconomy.BoeingisapartnerofNASAforaircraftthesamecompanythatmakescommercialaircraftfortheairlineindustry.Anotherbenefittocontinuingspaceexplorationisthemanyspinoff衍生的technologiesitprovides.TheartificialheartresultedfromexperimentsonthespaceshuttlE.ThehandheldJawsofLifeusedtosavevictimsfromcaraccidentsoriginatedfromthesystemusedtoseparatethespaceshuttlefromitsboosterrockets.InsulationinhomesthatkeepsthemwarmandenergyefficientisbasedonthetechnologyusedtoinsulatethespaceshuttlE.TherearedirectbenefitstotheeconomyprovidedbyNASAmissionsaswellasspinofftechnologies.TheseadvancesarefoundinfoodbuildingmaterialsmedicalproceduresandthevehicleswedrivE.Whileitcanbeproventhatbillionsofdollarsthatcouldbeusedelsewhereisbeingspentonspaceexplorationthebenefitsitprovidesoutweightheterribleaspects.Asamatteroffactthemoneyspenthelpstoimprovethequalityofourlives.63.HowisParagraph2mainlydeveloped?A.Byofferinganalyses.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Bygivingsomeexamples.D.Bypresentingresearchfindings.64.ThefunctionofJawsofLifeisto_____.A.savepeoplefromtrafficaccidentsB.doexperimentsonthespaceshuttleC.keephouseswarmandenergyefficientD.separatethespaceshuttlefromitsboosterrockets65.Intheauthor’sopinionspaceexploration_____.A.haschangedourlifecompletelyB.coststoomuchofourtimeC.benefitsusinmanywaysD.hasnothingtodowithus66.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BenefitsofspaceexplorationB.Isspaceexplorationworththecost?C.HowtomakespaceexplorationaffordableD.MissionsoftheNASAspaceshuttleprogram

Owls猫头鹰aremysteriouscreatures.Weoftenthinkofthemasscary.Theysometimesliveinabandonedhouses.Theyflywithoutasoundthroughbackyardsatnight.Instoriestheyappearwithghosts.Whenwehearanowl'sfamiliarwh­ooo...whooo...itcanmakeusfeelveryfrighteneD.Owlsflysilentlywithoutevenawhisperofwingsmovingthroughtheair.It'sasthoughtheyappearoutofnowhere—likeghostsonwings.Owlsflyandhuntonthedarkestofnights.Anowl'snighthabitsmakeituniquE.Dothesecreaturesofthenightpossessstrangepowers?Owlspossessunusualpowersofsightandhearingbuttheyarenotsupernaturalpowers.Theyarenaturaladaptationsthatletthemlivemostefficiently高效地atnight.Thereisnoreasontofearowls.Theirhabitsmakethemhelpfultohumans.Byhuntingmiceandotherrodents啮齿目动物owlshelptokeepanaturalbalancebetweenplantandanimallifE.Withoutowlstherewouldbealargenumberofrodentsinfarmers'fieldsandstoragebarns.Morethan100speciesofowlsoccupyavarietyofhabitatsaroundtheworlD.A.fewoceanicislandsandtheAntarctichavenoowls.Theworld'sowlscomeinlargemediumsmallsmallerandsmallest.ForexampletheEurasianeagleowl—oneofthelargest—hasabodythatistwotothreefeetlongwithawingspan翼展ofuptofiveandone­halffeet.TheNorthAmericanelfowltheworld'ssmallestowlisfivetosixincheslongandhasawingspanthatmeasuresslightlymorethanonefoot.Mostmaleandfemaleowlsofthesamespecieslookalikealthoughfemalesareusuallylarger.Insomespeciesthefemale'scolorsarelikethoseofthetreesorgrasswhereshemakeshernest.BabyowlscalledchicksstaywiththeirparentsuntiltheyareaboutthreemonthsolD.Theysoonfindtheirownhuntingareaswheretheymaystayfortherestoftheirlives.Someowlscanlive20yearsormorE.32.Mostpeopleregardowlsas________.A.cleverB.hard­workingC.terrifyingD.shy33.Owlshelphumansinthatthey________.A.helppreservethebalanceofnatureB.frightenrodentsawayfromhumansC.haveunusualpowersD.helpguardbackyards34.Whatisspecialaboutowls?A.Theyflysilently.B.Theyarenighthunters.C.Theypossesssupernaturalpowers.D.TheycanbefoundaroundtheworlD.35.Thethirdparagraphismainlyaboutowls'________.A.habitatsB.sizesC.speciesD.wingspans

iPhoneownersarevainerandspendmoreonclothesandgrooming仪容thanthosewhohaveBlackBerrysandAndroidphonesnewresearchclaims.BlackBerryownersearnthemostandaremorelikelytohavelong-termrelationshipswhilepeoplewithAndroidhandsetsaremostcreativeandthebestcooks.ThestudycarriedoutbyTalkTalkMobilesurveyed2000ownersofthethreemajorsmartphonebrandstodeterminewhetherthechoiceofhandsetwasanextensionoftheirpersonality.Thestudyratedusersinvariouswalksoflifeusingapointscoringsystemincludingpersonalitiesdailyhabitsandthetypeofindustriestheyworkin.OtherresultsfromthestudyfoundthatpeoplewithaniPhonearemoreimageconsciousandgenerallyratethemselvesmoreattractivethanthosewithotherhandsets.Theyaremostlikelytodescribethemselvesasadventurousbrightandaremostlikelytoworkinmediapublishingandeducation.Theyalsobelievetheirbossratesthemhighly.Appleownersalsotendtohavedonemoretravellingandarethemostactiveonsocialmediasites.BlackBerryownerswerefoundtobetheleastpunctualbutdespiteputtingintheleasthoursatworktheyarethemostactivephoneuser—sendingmoretextsandmakingmorecallsintheaveragedaythananyotherphoneuser.Theyaremoresocialandhavemorefriendsoverall.Theyalsoearnnearlytwoandahalfthousandpoundsayearmorethanothersmartphoneownerswithanaveragesalaryof$27406.BlackBerryusersclassedthemselvessoloudandmainlyworkinthehealthfinanceorpropertysectors.Theywerealsofoundtodrinkmoreteaandcoffeeeachdaythananyotherphoneuser.AndroidownerswerefoundtowatchmoreTVthanothersanddrinkthemostalcohol—consumingmoreinanaverageweekthaniPhoneandBlackBerrydrinkers.Theyhavethemostjobsinengineeringthegovernmentandpublicservicesandenvironmentalservices.Theyhavethebestmannersandaremoreshyandrelaxedthantheircounterparts.DanMeaderDirectorofMobileatTalkTalksaidManyofushaveourmobilephonesonusalmostconstantlysotheydobecomeanextensionofusinmanyways.It’sinterestingtoseethenhowthechoiceinhandsetmayreflectdifferentaspectsofpersonalityandtheresultsdoshowsomeunusualdifferences.32.TheunderlinedwordsimageconsciousParagraph4meancaringabout________.A.incomeB.appearanceC.socialmediaD.interpersonalrelationships33.WhatwereAndroidusersfoundtobelike?A.LouD.B.BravE.C.PolitE.D.Confident.34.DanMeadermayagreethatthekindofmobilephoneweuse________.A.willdecidethewayweliveourlifeB.canbeawindowintothelivesweleadC.canchangeourpersonalitiesgraduallyD.hasbecomethemostimportantpartofourlife35.Howisthetextorganized?A.Bydrawingcomparisons.B.Bygivingreasonsonly.C.Byprovidingexamples.D.Bygivingsolutions.

.Ofcourseyoudon’twanttobesickinyourvacation.Sowhatcanyoudowhiletraveling?Therearethreethingsyoushouldremember:relaxsleepandeatwell.Avacationisatimeforrelaxingbutveryoftenitisnot.Thinkaboutwhatyoudowhenyouareatourist.Therearesomanyplacestovisit:shopparkschurchesandtemples寺庙.Youmayspendmostofthedayswalkingaroundtheseplaces.Thiscanbeverytiring.Donotaskyourbodytodotoomuch.A.tiredbodymeansaweakbody.A.weakbodygetsdickeasily.SositdownforafewhoursinaniceplacE.Ingoodweatherlookforaquietparkbench.Sleepisalsoimportant.Ifyouwanttostayhealthyyouneedtogetenoughsleep.YourhotelroommaybenoisyorthebedmaybetooharD.Oryoumaywanttostayoutlateatnight.Thenyoushouldplantosleepforanhourduringtheday.TheextrahourcanmakeabigdifferencE.Finallyifyouwanttostayhealthyyoumusteatwell.ThatmeanseatingtherightkindsoffooD.YourbodyneedsfreshfruitvegetablesmeanmilkandcheesE.Sorememberthis:ifyouwanttoenjoyyourvacationtakegoodcareofyourself.Giveyourbodysomerest.GetenoughsleepandeathealthyfooD.23.Travelingisusually____.A.easyB.noisyC.tiringD.dangerous24.Youmust___toenjoyyourtraveling.A.visitparksB.stayhealthyC.gotochurchesandtemplesD.sitdownforafewhours25.Thetexttellsus____intraveling.A.howtorestB.whatplacestovisitC.howtorelaxandsleepD.howtotakegoodcareofourselves

Itdoesn'tmatterwhenorhowmuchapersonsleepsbuteveryoneneedssomeresttostayalivE.That'swhatalldoctorsthoughtuntiltheyheardaboutAlHerpin.AlHerpinitwassaidneverslept.Couldthisbetrue?Thedoctorsdecidedtoseethisstrangemanthemselves.AlHerpinwas90yearsoldwhenthedoctorscametohishomeinNewJersey.TheythoughtforsurethathegotsomesleepofsomekinD.SotheystayedwithhimandwatchedeverymovementhemadE.ButtheyweresurpriseD.ThoughtheywatchedhimhourafterhouranddayafterdaytheyneversawHerpinsleeping.InfacthedidnotevenownabeD.HeneverneededonE.TheonlyrestthatHerpinsometimesgotwassittinginacomfortablechairandreadingnewspapers.Thedoctorswerepuzzledbythisstrangecontinuoussleeplessness.Theyaskedhimmanyquestionshopingtofindananswer.Theyfoundonlyoneanswerthatmightexplainhiscondition.Herpinrememberedsometalkabouthismotherhavingbeeninjuredseveraldaysbeforehewasborn.Butthatwasall.Wasthistherealreason?NoonecouldbesurE.AlHerpindiedattheageof95.?10.Themainideaofthispassageisthat________.A.largenumbersofpeopledonotneedsleepB.apersonwasfoundwhoactuallydidn'tneedanysleepC.everyoneneedssomesleeptostayaliveD.peoplecanlivelongerbytryingnottosleep11.ThedoctorscametovisitHerpinexpecting________.A.tocurehimofhissleeplessnessB.tofindoutwhetherhissleeplessnesswasreallytrueC.tofindoutwhysomeoldpeopledidn'tneedanysleepD.tofindawaytofreepeoplefromtheneedofsleeping12.AfterwatchinghimcloselythedoctorscametobelievethatAlHerpin_______.A.neededsomekindofsleepB.wastoooldtoneedanysleepC.needednosleepatallD.oftensleptinachair13.OnereasonthatmightexplainHerpin'ssleeplessnesswas________.A.hismother'sinjurybeforehewasbornB.thathehadgraduallygotridofthesleepinghabitC.hismagnificentphysicalconditionD.thathehadn'tgotabed14.AlHerpin'sconditioncouldberegardedas________.A.acommononeB.onethatcouldbecuredC.veryhealthyD.arareone

Allanimalsarepartofthefoodchain:theyarelistedonsomeoneelse'smenuandalwaysruntheriskofendingupassomeoneelse'slunchdinnerorsnack.Toprotectthemselvesfrombeingeatenandtosurviveinthewildmanyanimalshavedevelopedcleverwaystoescapefromoravoiddanger.LikehumanbeingsanimalsoftentrytohideorrunawaywhentheyarebeingattackeD.Manyanimalshaveadaptedtotheirenvironmentinsuchawaythattheycanhidebetter.HavingtherightcolourcanmakeabigdifferencE.Manyanimalshavethesameorsimilarcolourastheirenvironmentmakingitmoredifficultforotheranimalstofindthem.Somecanchangecolourveryquicklyeveninafewseconds.OtheranimalsandinsectshaveabodyshapethathelpsthemhidE.Someinsectslookjustlikeasmallstickandcaneasilyhideinatreeorbush.Ifitistoolatetohideorrunawayananimalmustuseothermethodstosurviveanattack.OnetypeofsnakethatlivesinTexashasdevelopedaninterestingwaytodefenditself.IfitisattackeditfirstmakesitselflookbiggerandpretendstobeadangeroussnakE.Ifthatdoesn'tworkthesnakeusesanothertrick:itrollsoveropensitsmouthandactsasifitweredeaD.ThesnakeissuchagoodactorthatitseemsquitedeaD.Ifsomeonepicksitupithangslikearopeanddoesn'tmovE.HoweverifyourollitbackonitsstomachitwillrolloveronitsbackagaininordertolookdeaD.Anotherwaytosurviveanattackistohaveusefulbodyparts.Theturtlehasathickshellthatprotectsitfromitsenemiesandotheranimalshaveteethclawsandhornsthattheycanusetodefendthemselves.Therearealsoanimalsthatcanusetheirtailstofightoffattackers.A.longtailcanbeusedtohitanattackerandthereisevenananimalwhosetailwillbreakoffsothatitcanrunawayifsomeonegrabs抓住it.Thebestwaytostaysafeistodevelopawaytoreceiveanearlywarningwhendangercomes.Manyanimalsstaytogetherinlargegroupsandusesoundsandbodylanguagetowarneachotheriftheyseeorhearsomethingsuspicious.SomeanimalsevenworktogetherwithotherspeciestostaysafE.Thebirdsyouoftenseeonthebackofawaterbuffalohaveanimportantjob:theyhelpwarnthebuffaloofdanger.58.Whatdoallanimalshaveincommontoprotectthemselves?A.PretendingtobedeaD.B.Hidingorrunningaway.C.Usingtheirbodiestofightback.D.ChangingtheirsizE.59.HowdoyouunderstandthesentenceAllanimalsarepartofthefoodchain:?A.AllanimalsmusthelpeachothertosurvivE.B.Everykindofanimalhasaneating-and-being-eatenrelationwithotheranimals.C.Allanimalsareabigfamily.D.AllanimalsdependonfoodtolivE.60.ThekindofsnakementionedinthepassagewillrolloveronitsbackagaininordertolookdeaD.showsits_____.A.clevernessB.stupidityC.quicknessD.laziness

Giantpandaseatvegetableseventhoughtheirbodiesarebettertoeatmeat.Sohowdotheseblack-and-whitebearsfromtheremotemountainsofcentralChinasurviveonadietofseeminglylow-nutrient低营养foodlikebamboo?Scientistsprovidedananswerrecently.Theyfoundthatthegiantpandastrictlycontrolstheamountofenergyitneedsonadailybasisthankstolowlevelsofphysicalactivity.Theendangeredpandaistheonlyoneoftheworld’seightbearspecieswithavegetarian素食的diet.Pandaswhoseancestorswerecarnivores食肉动物developedadigestive消化的systemthatcanhandleameatdieteventhoughbamboonowmakesupabout99﹪oftheirfooD.BambooishardtodigestandpandasmusteatlotsofittosurvivE.TheresearchersstudiedthreewildpandasatFopingNatureReserveinShaanxiProvinceandfivepandasatBejingZoo.Theyfoundthatthedailyenergythatthesebearsusedwasonlyabout38﹪oftheenergyusedbyothersimilar-sizedanimals.Giantpandasdevelopedlowmetabolism新陈代谢throughaseriesofchangessaidbiologistWeiFuwenoftheChineseAcademyofSciences’InstituteofZoologyinBejingwholedthestudypublishedinthejournalScience.Theresearcherssaidthesizeofthepanda’sbrainliverandkindeyisrelativelysmallcomparedtootherbears.ThesereducedorgansizesarelikelytoresultintheirlowenergydemandsWeisaiD.Theresearchersfoundthatthewildpandasrestedformorethanhalfofanygivendayandtraveledonlyabout20metersperhour.Withtheirlowmetabolismtheresearcherssaidthepandaneedsitscoatofthickfurtokeepwarm.Thereareonlyabout1800giantpandasleftinthewildaccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFundcitingChinesegovernmentdatas.32.Apanda’sbodyismoresuitableforeating_______.A.vegetableB.bambooC.grassD.meat33.Becausethey_______pandascansavelotsofenergy.A.digestquicklyB.arefatC.arelazyD.eathealthily34.AccordingtothestudyledbyWeiFuwenpandas_____intheirdailylifE.A.loveeatingbambooB.dolessexerciseC.arecarnivoresD.eatmeatsometimes35.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.HowpandassurviveB.Whypandasdon’teatmeat.C.WhypandasareendangeredD.Whatpandaseat.

Ifyoucouldtravelintimewherewouldyougo?PerhapsyouwouldwatchanoriginalperformanceofaShakespeare’splayinElizabethanEngland?WhatabouthangingoutwithLaoziintheSpringandAutumnPeriod?Ormaybeyou’dvoyagefaraheadofthepresentdaytoseewhatthefutureholds.Thepossibilityoftimetravelisindeedappealing.Storiesexploringthesubjecthavebeenaroundforhundredsofyears.PerhapsthebestknownexampleissciencefictionnovelTheTimeMachinewhichwaswrittenbyH.G.Wellsandpublishedin1895forthefirsttimE.Itwasadaptedintoatleasttwofeaturefilmsofthesamenameaswellastwotelevisionversionsandalargenumberofcomicbookadaptations.Itisgenerallycreditedwiththepopularizationoftheconceptoftimetravelusingavehiclethatallowsanoperatortotravelpurposefullyandselectively.ThetermtimemachinecoinedbyWellsisnowuniversallyusedtorefertoavehicletransportingpeopleintothefarfuturE.Butcouldtimetravelactuallybepossible?Somescientistssayyesintheory.Theyproposeusingcracksintimeandspacecalledwormholeswhichcouldbeusedasshortcutstootherperiods.Einstein'stheoryofrelativityallowstimetravelinextremecircumstances.AndBritishphysicistStephenHawkingsaysyoucouldtravelintothefuturewithareallyfastspaceship—goingatnearlythespeedoflight.Thoughbuildingsuchaspaceshipwouldofcoursebenosimpletask.Evenifyoucouldtravelintothepastthereissomethingcalledthegrandfatherparadox.Itaskswhatwouldhappenifatimetravelerweretogobackintimeandhavehisowngrandfatherkilledforsomereasonandthereforepreventhimselffrombeingborn.Ifthetimetravelerwasn'tbornhowwouldhetravelbackintime?Andwouldyoureallyliketovisitthefuture?InH..G.Wells'bookthemaincharactertravelsintodistanttimewherehearrivesatabeachandisattackedbygiantcrabs.Hethenvoyages30millionyearsintothefuturewheretheonlylivingthingisablackobjectwithtentacles触角.Ifthat'swhat'sinstoremaybewearebetterjustlivinginthepresentdayafterall.32.ThenovelTheTimeMachinementionedinParagraph2aimstoshow___________.A.People'sinterestintimetravelB.thespecialfeatureofthebookC.thelonghistoryoftimetravelD.thecontributionofH..G.Wells33.Einstein'sandHawking'stheories_________.A.havesimilaritiesinmanywaysB.pushtheinventionofthefirstspaceshipC.haveprovedwrongbysometimetravelersD.suggestthepossibilitytoinventthetimemachine34.InParagraph4grandfatherparadoxprobablyreferstotheideathat__________.A.thetravelerispreventedfrommeetinghisgrandfatherB.thetravelergoesbackintimetoseekforhisgrandfatherC.thegrandfather'sdeathmakesthetraveler'sbirthimpossibleD.Thereunionofthetravelerandhisgrandfatherbringshappiness35.Accordingtothepassagewhatisprobablytheauthor'sattitudetowardstimetravel?A.UnclearB.SkepticalC.SupportiveD.Unconcerned.

A.visittoazoocanbeanamazingexperienceforpeopleofallages.IfyouwanttogetclosetowildlifewhynotvisitoneofthefollowingzoosintheUK?LongleatSafari游猎&AdventureParkWiltshire’sLongleatSafari&AdventureParkistheUK’soldestsafaripark.Openedin1966itwasthefirstsafariparkopenedoutsideAfricA.Itwasjusta100-acrelionreserve保护区inthebeginningbutithasgrownfastovertheyears.NowyoucanseeparrotsandothercreaturesherealthoughlionsarestillpopularwithmanypeoplE.Openfrommid-FebruarytoearlyNovemberadayticketcosts£26foradults.Admissionfor3to14-year-oldsis£18.50and£21fortheover-60s.LocatedjustofftheA36betweenBathandSalisburyitcanbereachedbytakingtheA362.BristolZooBristolZooisoneoftheUK’soldestzoos.Itwillcelebrateits180thanniversaryin2016.Hereyouwillfindover400differentspeciesofcreatures.Italsohasnineanimalhousessoeveniftheweatherisn’tatitsbesttherearestilllotsofamazingcreaturestolookatincludingtheendangeredredpandA.PerhapsoneofthemostpopularplacesisBugWorldwhereyoucanseeallkindsofscaryinsects.Admissionforadultsis£14and£8.50for3to14-year-oldsand£11fortheover-60s.LocatedintheCliftonregionofBristolyoucanreachthezoobytakingeithertheNo.8or9bus.CliftonDowntrainstationisalsoclosebyandifyouaretakingpublictransportyoucanbuyadiscountedentrytickettothezoo.1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Wiltshire’sLongleatSafari&AdventureParkisthefirstsafariparkintheworlD.B.Wiltshire’sLongleatSafari&AdventureParkhasalongerhistorythanBristolZoo.C.BristolZooistheoldestzoosintheUK.D.VisitorscanseeallkindsofscaryinsectsinBugWorlD.2.Howmuchshoulda61-year-oldcouplewiththeir4-year-oldgrandsonpaytovisitBristolZoo?A.£52.B.30.5.C.£60.5.D.£42.3.BristolZoowasopenedprobablyin______.A.1836B.1636C.1936D.17364.WecangettoBristolZoobytaking______.A.No.89busB.No.9subwaylineC.atrainD.theA362

Thereisanincreaseinthedemandforreforestation重建森林aroundtheworlD.ThisisbecausetheconsumptionoftheforestshasaffectednotonlytheanimalslivingintheareabutalsothepeoplE.AndreforestationisabouttherebuildingoftheforeststhathavebeenseverelydestroyeD.Itcanofferalotofbenefitswhentherecreationissuccessful.36Thisincludescollectingseedlings幼苗thatarenativeintheareatomakesurethatthereisanaturalreconstructionoftheareA.SomeadditionaltreeswhicharenotnativeintheareaalsoneedtobeplanteD.37Theimportanceofhavingmultiplespeciesoftreesisconsideredtomakesurethattheneedsofotherspeciesthatwillliveandgrowintheareaaremet.DestroyingaforestiseasybutrebuildingitisreallyharD.38Theplanmustincludeaccuratespacingonplantsandtrees.Thisistoensurethattheywon’tcovereachotherwhiletheygrow.39Theforestgreatlyhelpsinthereductionoftheairpollution.TreesareresponsiblefortheproductionofoxygenandabsorptionofcarbondioxidE.40.Theforestisthereforareasonjustlikeeveryoneelseonthisplanet.Therecan’tbeabetterwaytorestorethebalanceofnaturethantoincreasetheforestareA.Wemustrememberthattheforestisanaturalhabitatofawidevarietyofanimalsandplants.Inthismannerthereisnosubstituteforreforestation.1A.Andglobalwarmingwillspeedupthedestructionofforests.B.Therearemanythingstobedonewhenitcomestothistypeofeffort.C.Keepinmindthatyoucan’tjustplanttheseedlingsanywherE.D.Itisimportanttomakesurethattheyaresuitedtotheclimateandthetypeofsoil.E.Recreationswon’tworkuntilallthesedetailshavebeenconsidereD.F.SoagoodplanisneededtomakethereforestationasuccessfulonE.G.Theforestalsoprotectsusfromtyphoonsandothernaturaldisasters.2A.Andglobalwarmingwillspeedupthedestructionofforests.B.Therearemanythingstobedonewhenitcomestothistypeofeffort.C.Keepinmindthatyoucan’tjustplanttheseedlingsanywherE.D.Itisimportanttomakesurethattheyaresuitedtotheclimateandthetypeofsoil.E.Recreationswon’tworkuntilallthesedetailshavebeenconsidereD.F.SoagoodplanisneededtomakethereforestationasuccessfulonE.G.Theforestalsoprotectsusfromtyphoonsandothernaturaldisasters.3A.Andglobalwarmingwillspeedupthedestructionofforests.B.Therearemanythingstobedonewhenitcomestothistypeofeffort.C.Keepinmindthatyoucan’tjustplanttheseedlingsanywherE.D.Itisimportanttomakesurethattheyaresuitedtotheclimateandthetypeofsoil.E.Recreationswon’tworkuntilallthesedetailshavebeenconsidereD.F.SoagoodplanisneededtomakethereforestationasuccessfulonE.G.Theforestalsoprotectsusfromtyphoonsandothernaturaldisasters.4A.Andglobalwarmingwillspeedupthedestructionofforests.B.Therearemanythingstobedonewhenitcomestothistypeofeffort.C.Keepinmindthatyoucan’tjustplanttheseedlingsanywherE.D.Itisimportanttomakesurethattheyaresuitedtotheclimateandthetypeofsoil.E.Recreationswon’tworkuntilallthesedetailshavebeenconsidereD.F.SoagoodplanisneededtomakethereforestationasuccessfulonE.G.Theforestalsoprotectsusfromtyphoonsandothernaturaldisasters.5A.Andglobalwarmingwillspeedupthedestructionofforests.B.Therearemanythingstobedonewhenitcomestothistypeofeffort.C.Keepinmindthatyoucan’tjustplanttheseedlingsanywherE.D.Itisimportanttomakesurethattheyaresuitedtotheclimateandthetypeofsoil.E.Recreationswon’tworkuntilallthesedetailshavebeenconsidereD.F.SoagoodplanisneededtomakethereforestationasuccessfulonE.G.Theforestalsoprotectsusfromtyphoonsandothernaturaldisasters.

WHENyougethungrydoyoufindyourselfmakingpoordecisions?Wellitturnsoutthatthisisbecauseofahormonecalledghrelin饥饿激素.Itisreleasedwhenyouarehungryandhasabadeffectonimpulses冲动andmakingdecisionsaccordingtoarecentstudyatSahlgrenskaAcademypartoftheUniversityofGothenburginSweden.ForthefirsttimewehavebeenabletoshowthatincreasingghrelintolevelsthatareseenwhenhungrycausesthebraintoactimpulsivelyandalsoaffectstheabilitytomakerationaldecisionsKarolinaSkibickaamemberoftheteachingstaffatSahlgrenskaAcademytoldtheScienceDailywebsitE.Impulsivityiscomplexaccordingtothewebsitebutimpulsivechoicebasicallymeansnotbeingabletoresistthetemptationtotakearewardnowinsteadofwaitinguntillater.Youmaysometimeseatabagofchipseventhoughyouknowthatyou’regoingtohavedinnersoonforexamplE.Thistypeofproblemwasseenintheratsusedinthestudy.Theratsweretrainedtoberewardedwithsugarwhentheydidsomethinglikepressingalever杠杆–orinsteadtheycouldberewardedonlywhentheystoppedthemselvesfrompressingtheleverno-gowhentherightsignallikeaflashoflightorabuzzingsoundwasgiven.Whenratscouldnotstopthemselvesfrompressingtheleverwhentheno-gosignalwasgivenitwasseenasasignofimpulsivity.ResearchersfoundthatratsgivenghrelindirectlyintothebrainweremorelikelytopresstheleverinsteadofwaitingeventhoughitcausedthemtolosetheirrewarD.TheabilitytowaitforagreaterrewardlatermeasuresimpulsivechoicE.Forexampleyoucanovereatfatteningfoodstofeelhappyrightnoworchoosetoeathealthier.ResearchersatSahlgrenskaAcademyfoundthathigherlevelsofghrelinstoppedtheratsfrombeingabletowaitforthegreaterrewarD.Thestudyalsoshowedthatincreasedlevelsofghrelinevencausedlong-termgeneticchangesinthebrainpartsthatareconnectedtoimpulsivityanddecisionmaking.ThesametypeofchangescanbeseeninbrainswithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorderADHD注意力缺陷多动障碍andotherpsychiatricdisorders精神疾病reportedScienceDaily.TheghrelinreceptorsinthebraincanbeapossibletargetforfuturetreatmentsaidSkibickA.32.AccordingtothearticleinthestudyatSahlgrenskaAcademy________.A.theratscouldonlygettheirrewardwhentheypressedaleverB.whenghrelinintherats’brainsincreasedtheycouldwaitfortherightsignalC.whenghrelinintherats’brainsincreasedtheyweremorelikelypresstheleverD.whenghrelinintherats’brainsincreasedtheywereeagertogetthesugar33.Accordingtothearticleimpulsivityismeasuredby________.A.theabilitytofocusonnowratherthanlaterB.thenumberofriskstakenC.theamountofpatienceforwaitingD.theabilitytowaitforagoodorbetterreward34.Whichwordisclosesttothemeaningoftheunderlinedwordrational?A.wiseB.quickC.difficultD.simple35.What’sthearticlemainlyabout?A.Impulsivityanddecision-making.B.Ghrelinandimpulsivity.C.Ghrelin’sincreasewhenpeoplearehungry.D.Thewayinwhichincreasingghrelincausesgeneticchanges.

OnaSaturdaymorningearlierthisSeptembertheworldgotitsfirstlookattheStrati.ThiselectricvehicleisunlikeanyothercurrentlyontheroaD.Itrollsonfourwheelsbutitsbodyandchassis底盘weren’tbuiltinafactory.InsteadStrati’sdesignersusedatechnologycalled3-Dprinting.Itcreatedthosepartsofthecarinonepiecefromthegroundup.ComparedtoatypicalvehicleontheroadtheStratidefinitelylooksdifferentsaysGregSchroederaseniorresearchengineerattheCenterforAutomotiveResearchinAnnArborMich.Hedidnotworkonthenewcar.Hisorganizationstudiestrendsandchangesintheautoindustry.Ittook44hourstoprintthenewcarattheInternationalManufacturingTechnologyShowinChicago.Overthenextfewdaysthecar’sdesignersinstalledadditionalparts.Theseincludedthecar’senginebrakesandtires.ThenearlyonSeptember13JayRogersclimbedintothecarstarteditsengineanddrovethevehicleontothestreet.RogershelpedfoundLocalMotors.It’stheArizona-basedcompanybehindtheStrati.TwoweekslaterhisteamprintedasecondStratiandjustasfastatafairinNewYorkCity.JustinFishkinalocalMotorsofficialseestheStratiasawindowintothefuturE.TodaycarbuyersarelimitedintheirchoiceofavehiclE.TheycanorderonlywhatcarcompanieshavealreadydesigneD.Butinthefuturehesaysyoumaybeabletodesignyourowncaronlineandthengetitprintedtoorder.Manufacturingexpertssay3-Dprintinghasbeguntorevolutionizehowtheymakethings.Thetechnologyhasbeenaroundfordecades.Butthesemachinesusedtobesoexpensivethatonlylargecompaniescouldaffordthem.InthelastfewyearsthoughthathaschangeD.Manyofthemachinesarenowinexpensiveenoughforsmallcompanies—orevenindividuals—toown.SomelocallibrariesmakethemavailabletothepubliC.HighSchoolsarebeginningtousetheminclassrooms.Wideaccesstotheseprintersmeanspeoplecannowdesignandprintawidevarietyofnovelthings.Thecar’sprinterisaone-of-a-kinddevicE.Thetechnologybehindthe3-DprinterusedinChicagoisanexampleofadditivemanufacturing.Thisprocessbuildssolidobjectsslicebyslicefromthebottomup.StratimeanslayersinItalian.A.mechanicalarmmovesanozzlefromonesidetoanotherbackandforth.Asitmovesthenozzledepositsaliquid—oftenmeltedplasticormetalbutitcouldbefoodconcreteorevencells—thatquicklyhardensorbondstobecomesolidorsemi-soliD.Thiscreatesasinglethinlayer.OncealayeriscompletetheprinterstartsdepositingthenextonE.There’salotofinterestin3-DprintingintheautoindustrysaysSchroeder.Rightnowthetechnologyisparticularlyusefulforbuildingmodelsofcarsorcarparts.Tocompetewithcurrentautomanufacturersthe3-DprinterwouldhavetoincreaseinahurrySchroedersays.BycontrasthenotesaFordF-150pickuptruckrollsoffanassemblylineatarateofroughlyoneperminutE.ToprintasmanyStratiswouldrequiremanymoreprinters.Schroedersayshedoesn’tsee3-Dprintingsoontakingoverforsuchhigh-volumemanufacturing.Butheadds:Whoknowswhatwillhappeninthelongterm?ScientistsatOakRidgeNationalLaboratoryinTennesseedesignedthe3-DprinterusedinChicago.LonnieLovearesearchscientistatthelabledtheeffort.AdditivemanufacturingoftenisslowandexpensivE.ItalsomayproducematerialsthatareunreliableLovesays.Sofortwoyearshisteamsearchedforwaystomake3-Dprintingbetter.Theybuiltnewmachinesandtestedthemoverandover.Allofthatworkpaidoff:theirnewmachineisfastanduseslessexpensivematerialthanearlierprinters.Inadditionitprintsaplasticembeddedwithfibersofcarbontoproduceastrongermaterial.Thishelpsensurethematerialwon’tcrackorbreakunderpressurE.55.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefirstStratiisTRUE?A.ItwasborninacarfactoryinChicago.B.Itisapitythatithasnotrunonthestreetsofar.C.ManyseniorresearchengineersworkedonitincludingGregSchroeder.D.Allpartsofitwerenotmadebyusingatechnologycalled3-Dtechnology.56.Accordingtothepassagewhendid3-Dfirstappearintheworld?A.A.fewdecadesagoB.EarlyonSeptember13C.OnaSaturdaymorningearlierthisSeptember.D.AttheInternationalManufacturingTechnologyShowinChicago.57.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph5?A.Largecompaniesarealwaysrichenoughtobuyexpensivethings.B.NowHighSchoolsarebeginningtouse3-Dprintersinclassrooms.C.Highpricesofnewproductscanstopthemfrombeingusedwidelyinthebeginning.D.Wideaccessto3-DprintershasmadeitpossibleforpeopletoordernovelthingsonlinE.58.WhatdoesthewordnozzleinParagraph7possiblyreferto?A.A.partofthe3-Dprinter.B.A.singlethinlayer.C.A.solidorsemi-solidobject.D.A.personwhooperatesthemachinE.59.WhydidLonnieLovemakeeffortstoimprove3-Dprintingwithhisteam?A.Becausehejustwasinterestedinmakingnewthings.B.BecausehejustwantedtobuildnewmachinesandtestthemC.BecauseadditivemanufacturingisalwaysslowbutinexpensivE.D.Becauseadditivemanufacturingmightproduceunreliablematerials.60.Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleforthispassage?A.3-DPrintersAreComingB.3-DPrintersAreMakingCarsC.3-DPrintersAreBecomingCheaperD.3-DPrintersAreBecomingWell-Known

Ateamledbyanurseryman花圃工人andhissonshasracedagainsttimefor20yearsusingbranchesfromsomeoftheworld’sbiggestandmostlong-lastingtreestoproduceclonesthatcouldrestoreancientforestsandhelpfightclimatechangE.Nowcomesthemostambitiousstepoftheproject:gettingthenewtreesintothegrounD.PlantingsoftwodozenclonesfromCalifornia’shugecoastalredwoodswilltakeplaceMondayinsevennations:AustraliaNewZealandGreatBritainIrelandCanadaGermanyandtheU.S.Thelab-producedtreesaregeneticcopiesofthreehugetreesthatwerecutdowninnorthernCaliforniamorethanacenturyago.Remarkablynewbranchesstillgrowfromthestumps树桩includingoneknownastheFieldbrookStumpwhichmeasures35feetindiameter直径.It’sbelievedtobeabout4000yearsolD.Weneedtoreforesttheplanet.TodothatitjustmakessensetousethelargestoldesttreesthateverlivedsaidDavidMilarchco-founderofthenon-profitArchangelAncientTreeArchivE.MilarchandhissonsJaredandJakewhohaveafamily-ownednurserybecameconcernedabouttheconditionoftheworld’sforestsinthe1990s.TheybegantravelingacrosstheU.S.insearchofchampiontreesthathavelivedhundredsoreventhousandsofyearsbelievingthatbettergenesmakeitpossibleforthemtooutliveothersoftheirspecies.Scientificopinionvariesonwhetherthat’struewithskepticssayingthesurvivorsmaysimplyhavebeenlucky.TheArchangelteamsaysthey’vedevelopedseveralmethodsofproducinggeneticcopies.Theyfocusontoweringsequoias高耸的水杉andredwoodsconsideringthembestsuitedtoabsorbgreatamountsofcarbondioxideCO2thegreenhousegasprimarilyresponsibleforclimatechangE.ThechallengeistofindplacestoputthetreespeopletolookafterthemandmoneytocontinuetheprojectJaredMilarchsaiD.Thegroupisfundedthroughdonationsanddoesn’tchargeforitsclones.AlotoftreeswillbeplantedbyalotofgroupsonArborDaybut90percentofthemwilldieDavidMilarchsaiD.Youcan’tplanttreesandwalkawayandexpectthemtotakecareofthemselves.ThosereceivingArchangelredwoodshavepromisedtocareforthemproperly.28.Accordingtothetexttheclones_____.A.areratherexpensiveB.arebasedondeadancienttreesC.havebeenexperimentedfor20yearsD.havebeenwidelygrownacrosstheU.S.29.ToreforesttheplanetDavidMilarchchoosesthelargestoldesttreesbecause___.A.theyareluckytreesB.theyhavebettergenesC.theyareeasiertoplantD.theylookmorebeautiful30.DavidMilarch’steambelievesthatgeneticcopiesfromsequoiasandredwoods__.A.cantakeinmoregreenhousegasesB.arehardtosurviveforalongtimeC.arelikelytocauseclimatechangeD.maybeathreattoexistingplants31.WhatisstressedbyDavidMilarchinthelastparagraph?A.Theneedoffinancialsupport.B.Thedifficultyoffindingplaces.C.Theimportanceofcaringfortrees.D.Thechallengeofrunninghisgroup.

Boilerroomsareoftendirtyandsteamybutthisoneiscleanandcool.FoxPointisaverynew47-unitlivingbuildinginSouthBronxoneofthecity’spoorestareas.Two-thirdsofthepeoplelivingthereareformerly以前homelesspeoplewhoserentispaidbythegovernment.Therestarelow-incomefamilies.Theboilerroomhasspecialequipmentwhichproducesenergyforelectricityandheat.Itreusesheatthatwouldotherwisebelosttotheairreducingcarbonemissions碳排放whilealsocuttingcosts.FoxPointisoperatedbyPalladiaagroupthatspecializesinprovidinghousingandservicestoneedypeoplE.PalladiareceivedsupportfromEnterpriseCommunityPartnersECPwhichhelpsbuildaffordablehousingbyprovidingsupporttohousingdevelopers.w_w*w.k_s*5_u.c_omECPhascreatednationalstandardsforhealthyenvironmentally环境方面cleverandaffordablehomeswhicharecalledtheGreenCommunitiesStandards.Thesestandardsincludewaterkeepingenergysavingandtheuseofenvironmentallyfriendlybuildingmaterials.Meetingthestandardsincreaseshousingconstructioncostsby2%whichisrapidlypaidbackbylowerrunningcosts.Eventhepositioningofawindowtogetmostdaylightcanhelpsaveenergy.Michael.BloombergNewYork'smayorplanstocreate165000affordablehousingunitsfor500000NewYorkers.Almost80%ofNewYorkCity’sgreenhouse-gasemissionscomefrombuildingsand40%ofthosearecausedbyhousing..Soherecentlyannouncedthatthecity’sDepartmentofHousingandPreservationandDevelopmentDHPDwhosedutyistodevelopandkeepthecity’ssupplyofaffordablehousingwillrequireallitsnewprojectstofollowECP’sgreenstandards.SimilarmeasureshavebeentakenbyothercitiessuchasClevelandandDenverbutNewYork’sDHPDisthelargestcitydeveloperofaffordablehousinginthecountry.25.Whatisthepurposeofdescribingtheboilerroominthefirstparagraph?A.ToexplainthemeasuresthecitytakestocareforpoorpeoplE.B.Tosuggestthataffordablehousingispossibleinallareas.C.Toshowhowtheenvironment-friendlybuildingworks.D.Tocompareoldandnewboilerrooms.26.WhatisanadvantageofthebuildingsmeetingtheGreenCommunitiesStandards?A.Lowerrunningcosts.B.Costinglessinconstruction.C.Lessairtobelostinhotdays.D.BetterpricesforhomelesspeoplE.27.ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthatA.NewYorkCityisseriouslypollutedB.people’sdailylifecausesmanycarbonemissionsinNewYorkCityC.agreatnumberofpeopleinNewYorkCitydon'thavehousestoliveinD.someothercitieshavedevelopedmoreaffordablehousingthanNewYorkCity28.Whatisthemainpurposeofthistext?A.Tocallonpeopletopaymoreattentiontohousingproblems.B.Toprovethatsomestandardsareneededforaffordablehousing.C.Toasksocietytohelphomelesspeopleandlow-incomefamilies.D.Tointroducehealthyenvironmentallyclever-andaffordablehousing.

Hoverboardsarequiteconvientforpeopletocarryorrideonthebusystreetespeciallyincollegecampsmoreandmorestudentschoosetorideahoverboardtoclass.Sohoverboards电动滑板wereamongthemostpopularChristmasgiftsof2015.Theymayhavealsobeenmostdangerousgiftsof2015.Atruehoverboardlookslikeaskateboardwithoutwheels.Tohovermeanstofloatintheairwithoutmovingmuchinanydirection.Thepopularityofhoverboardsbeganinthe1980swiththeBacktotheFuturemovies.Charactersinthesecondandthirdfilmsusedhoverboardsastransportation.Thisyear’spopularhoverboardshoweverdonotactuallyhover.Theyhavewheels.And?asitturnsouttheyarenoteasytousE.Adultsandchildrenaroundtheworldsufferedhoverboard-relatedinjuriesovertheweekenD.ManypostedpicturesofthedamageonsocialmediA.TwitteruserDavidDouglaspostedaphotoofbothhimandayounggirlwiththebrokenarmstheysufferedonChristmasDay.AndanotheruserErinRaffertyuploadedavideoofhermotherfallingoffahoverboardwiththecaptionWholetmomonthehoverboard?Fallingisnottheonlyriskwithsomehoverboards.Theyarealsoafirerisk.AtonestoreinTexasanemployeetriedtofixahoverboardacustomerbroughtin.ThehoverboardthencaughtfirE.Studiessuggestthatsomehoverboardbrandshavedefectivebatteriesorplugs.Manymajorairlinesworldwidehavebannedhoverboardsbecauseofthefirerisk.Butsomepassengersdidnothearthenews.AustralianactorRussellCrowesaidonMondayabouthisdisappointmentthatVirginAustraliaAirlinesdidnotpermithischildrentotaketheirhoverboardsontheplanE.Majorretailers零售商arealsotakingstepstoimprovethesafetyofthehoverboardstheysell.AmazonintheUnitedStatesnowonlysellshoverboardsfrombrandsthathavesubmittedsafetystandarddocuments.TheUK’sAmazonnolongersellshoverboards.Ithasalsoadvisedcustomerswhoboughtunsafebrandsofhoverboardstothrowthemaway.12.What’stheproblemwiththisyear’shoverboards?A.Theydon’thavewheels.B.TheyaredifficulttohandlE.C.Theycatchfireinthesun.D.Theycan’tmoveinanydirection.13.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat___________.A.hoverboardsarestillenjoyingequalpopularityasbeforE.B.hoverboardsarestillsoldonAmazonintheUnitedStates.C.passengersareforbiddentogetonplaneswithhoverboards.D.thenumberofhoverboard-relatedinjuriesisdeclining.14.Theunderlinedworddefectiveinthesixthparagraphprobablymeans_____.A.deadB.faultyC.dryD.spare15.Wecanprobablyreadthispassageina___________.A.sciencefictionB.magazineC.newspaperD.moviereview

Technologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffectseveryaspectoflifemostlyforthebetter.Howeversocialchangesarebroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinattitudes.AnexampleathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattendingcollegE.Surveys调查onthistopicsuggeststhatparentstodaycontinuetobeveryorsomewhatoverly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.Thesamesurveysalsoindicatethattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasagenerationago.Thisisusuallyinterpretedasasignthattoday’sparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildren’slivespastthepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriatE.Howevergreaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsarefailingtoletgooftheiradultchildren.Inthecontext背景ofthisdiscussionitseemsvaluabletofirstfindoutthecauseofchangeinthecaseofparents’involvementwiththeirgrownchildren.Ifparentsofearliergenerationshadwantedtobeintouchwiththeircollege-agechildrenfrequentlywouldthishavebeenpossible?Probablynot.Ontheotherhanddoesthepossibilityoffrequentcommunicationtodaymeanthattheurgetodosowasn’tpresentagenerationago?Manystudiesshowthatolderparents-today’sgrandparents-wouldhavecalledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier.Furthermorestudiesshowthatfinancesarethemostfrequentsubjectofcommunicationbetweenparentsandtheircollegechildren.Thefactthatcollegestudentsarefinanciallydependentontheirparentsisnothingnew;norarerequestsformoremoneytobesentfromhomE.Thisphenomenonisneithergoodnorbad;itisafactofcollegelifetodayandinthepast.Thankstotheadvancedtechnologyweliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.ThishasmanyimplicationswellbeyondtherolethatparentsseemtoplayinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhohaveleftforcollegE.Butitisusefultobearinmindthatallsuchchangescomefromthetechnologyandnotsomeimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.30.Thesurveysinformusof______.A.thedevelopmentoftechnologyB.thechangesofadultchildren’sbehaviorC.theparents’over-protectionoftheircollegechildrenD.themeansandexpensesofstudents’communication31.Thewriterbelievesthat______.A.parentstodayaremoreprotectivethanthoseinthepastB.thedisadvantagesofnewtechnologyoutweighitsadvantagesC.technologyexplainsgreaterparentalinvolvementwiththeirchildrenD.parents’changedattitudesleadtocollegechildren’sdelayedindependence32.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TechnologyorAttitudeB.DependenceorIndependenceC.FamilyInfluenceorSocialChangesD.CollegeManagementorCommunicationAdvancement33.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub—point次要点C.Conclusion

Overweightpeopleproducemoregreenhousegasesresearcherssay.Thereforewatchingyourweightdoesmorethanprotectyourhealth.ItalsomayhelpfightclimatechangE.ResearchersattheLondonSchoolofHygiene&TropicalMedicinesaythatbecausefoodproductionisamajorsourceofgreenhousegasesapopulationwithnormalweightsuchasinVietnamconsumesabout20percentlessfoodandproducesfewergreenhousegasesthanapopulationinwhich40percentofpeoplearetooheavyandfatarateclosetothatoftheUnitedStates.AlsolessenergyisrequiredtotransportslimpeoplesayPhilEdwardsandIanRobertstheleadresearchersofthestudy.Theyfoundthataphysicallyfitpopulationofabillionpeoplewouldgiveoff1000milliontonslesstransportation­relatedwastesayearthananoverweightpopulationwouldgiveoff.Whenitcomestofoodconsumption消耗movingaboutinaheavybodyislikedrivingaroundinacarthatburnsalotofgastheresearcherssaiD.Theheavierourbodiesbecometheharderandmoreunpleasantitistomoveaboutinthemandthemoredependentwebecomeonourcars.Stayingslimisgoodforhealthandfortheenvironment.WeneedtodoalotmoretostoptheglobaltrendtowardfatnessandrecognizeitasakeyfactorinthebattletoreducegreenhousegasesandcontrolclimatechangetheysaiD.Howevertheynotedthatthetrendisintheoppositedirection.Thenumberofoverweightpeopleisincreasinginnearlyeverycountry.ThemalewhowereoverweightinEnglandforexampleincreasedfrom20percentto27.3percentbetween1999and2009whilethefemaleincreasedfrom25.8percentto29.6percent.16.AccordingtoPhilEdwardsslimpeople________.A.producenotransportation­relatedwastesB.caremoreaboutenvironmentprotectionC.contributetogreentransportationD.usegreentransportation17.Theresearchersbelievethatpeoplewithoutweightproblems________.A.seldomdependoncarsB.oftendrivearoundinenergy­savingcarsC.exercisemoreD.realizetheimportanceofreducinggreenhousegases18.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.moregreenhousegasesarebeingproducedbyoverweightpeopleB.theglobaltrendtowardfatnesshasbeeneffectivelycontrolledC.theoverweightpopulationinEnglandincreasesfastestD.womenaremorelikelytogetoverweightthanmen19.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.ControllingpopulationgrowthisgoodforclimatechangE.B.Stayingslimisgoodforpublictransportation.C.Stayingslimhelpsreducefoodconsumption.D.Stayingslimisgoodfortheenvironment.

Almostallofushavebeenthere:A.senseofuneasinessstrikesuswhenweseethebatteryrunninglowonthesmartphonE.Whiletoday’ssmartphonesenableustosurftheInternettakepicturesandplaymusictheirlimitedsometimesannoyinglyshortbatterylifehasstartedtomakepeoplefullofmemoriesofearlymodels.MyfavoritephoneofalltimewasasilverNokia6310ifromtheearly2000s.Itmaybeprimitivebytoday’sstandardsbutitcouldrunfor17daysonasinglechargewroteDailyMailcolumnistDavidDerbyshirE.Butscientistsspendnotimethinkingaboutthepast.Theyhavebuiltanaluminium铝batterywhichcouldbeacheapfast-chargingalternativetocurrentdesigns.Youcansqueezeandpracticallybenditinhalfwithoutbreakingthepacket.Itismoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanalkaline碱性的batteriesandmoresafethanlithium锂batteries–itwon’tcatchfireevenifyoudrillthroughitasHongjieDaiofStanfordUniversitytoldTheTelegraph.ThebatteryistheworkofateamledbyDai.AndthebestpartisthatithasarechargetimeofaroundoneminutE.Howeveratpresenttheonlyproblemisthatitproducesjusthalfthevoltage电压ofatypicallithiumbattery.ButDaiexplainedtheyweresettingaboutchangingthevoltageandenergydensity密度.Ourbatteryhaseverythingelseyou’ddreamthatabatteryshouldhavE.IseethisasanewbatteryinitsearlydayshetoldTheTelegraph.26.Howmanyadvantagesdoesthealuminiumbatteryhaveaccordingtothearticle?A.2B.3C.4D.527.Thepassagesuggeststhat_________________.A.thealuminiumbatterycatchesfireeasilyifdrilledB.thealuminiumbatterystillneedsimprovingbeforeitcanbewidelyusedC.thealuminiumbatteryislargerinsizethanalkalinebatteriesD.scientistsfinditarealchallengetochangethevoltageofthealuminiumbattery28.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?A.A.newbatteryinitsearlydays.B.A.newtrendinthesmartphonemarket.C.TheannoyanceshortbatterylifecausesD.Theinventionofanewsmartphonebattery.29.Thelastparagraphinthepassageisprobablyfollowedbytheparagraphabouthowto__________.A.makethealuminiumbatterycheaperandmoreenvironmentally-friendlyB.lengthenthealuminiumbatterylifeC.increasethevoltageandenergydensityofthealuminiumbatteryD.chargethealuminiumbatteryfaster

It’sthemomentUFOfanshavebeenwaitingfor—theCIAhashand-selectedsomeformerlytop-secretfilesandphotosto‘prove’aliensexist.Sadlyforalienfansthefilesareabitlackinginalienbodiesandcrashedflyingsaucers飞碟butthey’reafascinatinginsightintotheheightofthe‘flyingsaucer’erA.TheCIAreleasedthefiles—seeminglytocoincidewith一致thenewX-Filesepisodes—causingdisbeliefonUFOwebsites.OnereportentitledFlyingSaucersanddated1August1952saysLessthan100reasonablycrediblereportsremain‘unexplainable’atthistimE.ItisrecommendedthatCIAsurveillance监视becontinueD.ItisstronglyurgedhoweverthatnoreportsofCIAinterestorconcernreachthepressorpubliC.TheCIAsaidWe’vedecidedtohighlightafewdocumentsbothskepticsandbelieverswillfindinteresting.BelowyouwillfindfivedocumentswethinkX-FilescharacterAgentFoxMulderwouldlovetousetotryandpersuadeothersoftheexistenceofalienactivity.SuchdocumentsoftenprovedisappointingtohardcoreUFOFansaccordingtooneexpert.NigelWatsonauthoroftheUFOInvestigationsManualsaidlastyearAtleast10000UFOreportscollectedbytheUSProjectBlueBookhavebeenputonlineandmanyothergovernmentshavereleasedtheirUFOfiles.SowehaveanembarrassmentofrichesyetthesehavebeenlargelyignoredbyUFOresearchersyettheycouldprovidelotsofinformationabouttypesofsightingsandtheirpatternsovertimeandplacE.56.WhydidtheauthorsaysuchdocumentsoftenprovedisappointingtohardcoreUFOFansA.Thealiensinthedocumentsareactuallynotmysterious.B.Thecontentinthefileshasalreadybeenrevealedearlier.C.Thefilesareabitlackinginalienbodiesandcrashedflyingsaucers.D.ThedocumentsareprovedtobefakedandhavenothingtodowithUFO.57.What’sNOTtrueaboutthefiles?A.It’scertainthatCIAwillcontinueitssurveillancE.B.Nopowerfulproofprovestheexistenceofaliens.C.PeoplehavedoubtaboutthefilesonUFOwebsites.D.It’sdifficulttofigureoutwhatthealiensaucersandbodypartsexactlyarE.58.ThepassageismostlyapartofA.newsB.storyC.fashionmagazineD.fiction

YoumightnoticesomethingnewinthenextfewyearsasyouwatchDisneyprograms:Startingin2015therewon’tbeanycandysugarycerealorfast-foodcommercials广告aimedatkids.TheWaltDisneyCompanyhasbecomethefirstmajormediacompanytobanadsforjunkfoodonitsTVchannelsradiostationsandwebsites.Ithopesthiswillstopkidsfrommakingpoorfoodchoices.FirstLadyMichelleObamacalleditagamechangerthatissuretosendamessagetotherestofthechildren’sentertainmentindustry.JustafewyearsagoifyouhadtoldmeoranyothermomordadinAmericathatourkidswouldn’tseeasingleadforjunkfoodwhiletheywatchedtheirfavoritecartoonsonamajorTVnetworkwewouldn’thavebelievedyousaidtheFirstLadywhoheadsacampaigntohelpstopchildobesity肥胖.ThebanwouldapplytoDisney-ownedABCstationsaswellasRadioDisneyandDisney-ownedwebsitesaimedatfamilieswithyoungchildren.InadditionDisneyplanstomakechangestoitskids’menusatthemeparksandresorts度假胜地.Fast-foodoptionswillbereplacedwithhealthierchoicessuchassmoothies果汁applesvegetablesandyogurt.Inadditiontocandybarsandfast-foodmealsotherfoodsthatdon’tmeetDisney’snutritionalstandardswillbebannedfromthecompany’skid-targetedmediA.Anycerealwith10gramsormoreofsugarperservingwillbeofftheair.Therewillbenoadsforfullmealsofmorethan600calories.JuiceswithhighlevelsofsugarandfoodswithtoomuchsaltwillalsobepulleD.LeslieGoodmanDisney’sseniorvice-presidentofCorporateCitizenshipsaidacompanythatwantstoadvertisewillneedtoshowthatitoffersarangeofhealthyoptions.Disneyisn’ttheonlyonepushingawayunhealthyfoods.LastweekNewYorkCityMayorMichaelBloombergsuggestedabanondrinksover16ouncessoldinmovietheatersrestaurantsandconveniencestoresintheBigApplE.Hesayslargesugarydrinksarepartlytoblameforobesity.45.WhatwilltheWaltDisneyCompanydofrom2015?A.Producemoreandbettercartoonsforyoungkids.B.Helpkidsdevelophealthylifestyleintheprogram.C.StopbroadcastingadvertisementsforjunkfoodonTV.D.Providehealthierfoodforkidswhiletheyarewatchingprograms.46.WhatMichelleObamasaidsuggeststhatwhilewatchingcartoons_______.A.kidsdidn’tbelievewhatthecommercialssaidB.kidsenjoyeatingcandysugarycerealorjunkfoodC.kidsfindpleasureinwatchingfast-foodcommercialsD.kidsweretoseealotoffast-foodcommercialsonTV47.AccordingtoMichaelBloombergtofightchildobesitykidsshould_______.A.watchfewercartoonsB.drinklesssugarydrinksC.notgotomovietheatersD.takemorephysicalexercise

AsInternetusersbecomemoredependentontheInternettostoreinformationarepeoplerememberless?Ifyouknowyourcomputerwillsaveinformationwhystoreitinyourownpersonalmemoryyourbrain?ExpertsarewonderingiftheInternetischangingwhatwerememberandhow.InarecentstudyProfessorBetsySparrowconductedsomeexperiments.SheandherresearchteamwantedtoknowtheInternetischangingmemory.Inthefirstexperimenttheygavepeople40unimportantfactstotypeintoacomputer.Thefirstgroupofpeopleunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldsavetheinformation.Thesecondgroupunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldnotsaveit.Laterthesecondgrouprememberedtheinformationbetter.Peopleinthefirstgroupknewtheycouldfindtheinformationagainsotheydidnottrytorememberit.InanotherexperimenttheresearchersgavepeoplefactstorememberandtoldthemwheretofindtheinformationontheInternet.Theinformationwasinaspecificcomputerfolder文件夹.Surprisinglypeoplelaterrememberthefolderlocation位置betterthanthefacts.WhenpeopleusetheInternettheydonotremembertheinformation.Rathertheyrememberhowtofindit.Thisiscalledtransactivememory交互记忆.AccordingtoSparrowwearenotbecomingpeoplewithpoormemoriesasaresultoftheInternet.Insteadcomputerusersaredevelopingstrongertransactivememories;thatispeoplearelearninghowtoorganizehugequantitiesofinformationsothattheyareabletoaccessitatalaterdatE.Thisdoesn'tmeanwearebecomingeithermoreorlessintelligentbutthereisnodoubtthatthewayweusememoryischanging.26.Thepassagebeginswithtwoquestionsto______.A.introducethemaintopicB.showtheauthor'saltitudeC.describehowtousetheInternE.D.explainhowtostoreinformation27.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefirstexperiment?A.Sparrow'steamtypedtheinformationintoacomputer.B.Thetwogroupsrememberedtheinformationequallywell.C.Thefirstgroupdidnottrytoremembertheformation.D.Thesecondgroupdidnotunderstandtheinformation.28.Intransactivememorypeople______.A.keeptheinformationinmindB.changethequantityofinformationC.organizeinformationlikeacomputerD.rememberhowtofindtheinformation29.WhatistheeffectoftheInternetaccordingtoSparrow'sresearch?A.Weareusingmemorydifferently.B.Wearebecomingmoreintelligent.C.Wehavepoorermemoriesthanbefore.D.Weneedabetterwaytoaccessinformation.

AGoodNight'sSteepSleepplaysavitalroleingoodhealthandwell-beingthroughoutyourlifE.Whileyou'resleepingyourbrainisformingnewpathwaystohelpyoulearnandrememberinformation.Althoughweallknowtheimportanceofgettingagoodnight'ssleepnotallofusknowthebestwayofgettingit.A.sleepexpertPhilAthertongavesometoptipsforgettingthemostoutofthenightwhichwillleaveyoureadyforactioninthemorning.AccordingtoPhilAthertonnoteatingalargemealbeforebedtimeisimportantforgettingagoodnight'ssleep.Thetimedifferencebetweeneatingandsleepingshouldbeatleastthreehours.Soyou'dbetteravoideatinganyfoodthreehoursbeforebedasitwillloweryourbloodsugarduringsleepandhelpminimizedamagefromtoomuchsugarfloatingarounD.It'salsoimportanttofindwaystoprepareyourbodyforsleep.Youcanfollowaroutineliketryingnottoexposeyourselftotoomuchartificiallightwithin1hourbeforebedasyourbrainuseslighttohelpsetinternalbodyclock.Althoughitmightseemunnaturaltoscheduleyoursleepthepurposeistosendasignaltoyourbodyandmindthatit'stimetosleep.AnotherwaytoprepareyourbodyforsleepistogetintoarelaxedstatebytakingabathorlisteningtosoftmusiC.Bothofthemwillhelptotakethemindoffthedaytimepressures.Havingasuitablebedespeciallyasuitablemattress床垫isnecessaryforagoodnight'ssleep.Sleepisapersonalizedactivityandwealladoptdifferentsleepingpositions.Findingthemattressthatsuitsyouwillreducebackpainsthatcanresultfromapoorsleepingposition.ThebedshouldbefourtosixincheslongerthanitstallestuserallowingforspacetomovearounD.Therecentresearchisprettyclearthatagoodnight'ssleepinamajorcomponentofgoodhealth.Sincethestartofthe21stcenturystudieshavelinkedalackofsleeptomanydiseasessuchasdiabetesandobesity.Takingactionnowwillleadtolong-termbenefitsforyouandthosearoundyou.28.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthepassage?A.Whentostartasoundsleep.B.Howtogetagoodnight'ssleep.C.Whattodowithsleepproblems.D.Whytoformagoodhabitofsleeping.29.Accordingtotheauthorbeforegoingtosleepyou'dbetter__________.A.recordyourbiologicalclockB.checkyourbloodsugarC.relieveyourpaininthebackD.freeyourselffromtension30.WhatdoestheunderlinedworditinParagraph2referto?A.NoteatingfooD.B.Takingameal.C.Noteatingalargemeal.D.Havingagoodsleep.31.Whichofthefollowingshowstheorganizationofthepassage?CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Sub-point次要点C:Conclusion

DouglasFlorianteachesreadersaboutbeesinanewbookofpoemscalledUnBEElievables.Inhislatestbookeachpoemispairedwithacolorfulimagethatillustrates图解adifferenttypeofbeeanditsroleinthegroup.Everypageisfulloffunandinterestingfactsaboutthesesocialinsects.TFK:Whenyoubrainstormforastorywhichcomesfirst:theimagesorthepoems?FLORIAN:Usuallythepoemscomefirst.Forabookof21poemsforexampleI'llactuallywriteabout50poemsfirst.AlthoughIsometimeshaveimagesinmymindtogoalongwiththewordsIhavetochoosewhichonesIwanttoincludeinthebook.TFK:ManyofyourbooksincludingUnBEElievablesareaboutinsectsandanimals.Howdidthesebecomeyourfavoritesubjects?FLORIAN:ThereissomuchhumorintheanimalworlD.Peoplehavealotofknowledgeaboutanimalsandideasaboutanimalsthatarefuntoexploreinwriting.Animalsarejustsointeresting.WhenIresearchIfindoutsomanynewandamazingfacts.ThepoemisoftenhalfwrittenbythetimeIhavedonewithmyresearch.TFK:Whydidyouchoosebeesasthesubjectofyourlatestbook?FLORIAN:Isawrecentlyinthenewsthatmanybeesaredyingout.Scientistsbelievethistobecausedbyvariousdiseases.Iwantedtocreateawarenessandlearnmoreaboutbeesafterhearingthis.Somanyofthefruitsandvegetablesweeataredependentonpollination授粉byhoneybees.IfbeesdisappearsowillmuchofourfooD.TFK:Doyouhaveafavoritebee?FLORIAN:Oneofmyfavoritesisthepoemandpaintingabouttheworkerbees.Iwantedthepaintingtobeveryplayfulandlight.Thesebeeshavetoworkalldayandit'skindoflikeafactory.AndeventhoughthesebeeshavetoworkveryhardtheymanagetosmilE.21.UnBEElievablesisabookabout.A.insectsB.imagesC.storiesD.fruits22.WhydidDouglasFlorianchoosebeesasthesubjectofhislatestbook?A.Becausebeesareeasytoexploreinwriting.B.Becausehewantspeopletoprotectbees.C.Becausehehasnoideaaboutbees.D.Becausebeesaregoingtodieout.23.DouglasFlorianlikestheworkerbeesbestmainlybecauseoftheir.A.hardworkB.greatcontributionC.dangeroussituationD.attitudetowardsworking

Untiltheinventionofthesteamenginehumanstravelledtheearthonfoot.Theslowtravelmeantexplorersfrequentlyreturnedwithstoriesaboutdistantlands:someofthemwildtalessomehonestdescriptions.BarbaraKlionwhohasretiredknowswhatthat’like.AsawalkerwhohastouredAustraliaKenyaandChinaonfoothertripsarethemoderneditionofanancienttraditionforyears.Klionandherhusbandnow75and80yearsoldtravelledindependently.Walkersknowseeingtheworldonfootgivesthemarareexperience.Oftentravelersareattractedbylocalpeopleandcustoms.Theyalsogetabeautifulandlastingimpressionofthescenery.Walkingtourscanbedoneinone’sbackyardbutthereareseveraldestinationsaroundtheworldthatexposetravelerstothebestofnatureandcultureWhattolookfor?A.famousguidesaystheessentialofaqualitywalkaregreatscenerytolerableweathersuitablelevelofdifficultyandsomethinglikeecologyhistoryorculture.Thesemayseemlikeunclearinstructionsbutthefunofwalkingtoursisthatmanythingsaredeterminedbythetraveler.SomeonewhoappreciateshotclimateswildlifeandflatareascouldchooseawalkingtourinZambia’sSouthLuangwaNationalPark.Travelerswhodon’tmindthecoldandenjoyadventurecouldhikePatagoniaanareaofsouthernArgentinaeastoftheAndes.Ingeneralindependenttravelerscandecidehowfartogoeachdaywhileguestsofatouragencyshouldexpecttowalkanaverageoffourtoeightmilesaday.AttheFordlandNationalParkforexamplethereareseveraleasy-to-difficulthikesgivingtravelersmanychoices.28.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTmakeaqualitywalking?A.GreatsceneryB.TolerableweatherC.AhelpfulcompanionD.Suitablelevelofdifficulty29.Accordingtothepassagecomparedwithguestsofatouragencyindependenttravelers______.A.canwalkfartherB.havemorechoicesC.facemoredifficultiesD.spendless30.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowalkingtours?A.IndifferentB.NegativeC.WorriedD.Supportive31.Thebesttitleofthepassagemightbe_____A.SeetheWorldonFootB.BarbaraKlionagreatTravelerC.WhattoLookforD.TheFunofWalking

Itiswidelybelievedthatrobotswillstar担任主角inhuman’sfuturelifE.Buthowsoonwillitbebeforerobotsbecomesointelligentthattheywillbeabletodothingssuchasteachinglanguagesorlookingafterpatientsinhospital?SomeexpertsbelievethiswillhappenwithintwentyyearswhileothersdisagreE.OneLondoncompanyUASUniversityAutomatedSystemshasalreadydevelopedmachinesthatcanbeusedashomehelpsforoldpeopleunabletolookafterthemselvesandthosewhoarelivingontheirownorinspecialhomes.Thesemachinescannowdosuchthingsascookingeggsandcleaningthefloorandthecompanysaysthatfuturemodelsstillacceptsimplevoiceinstructionsandcanbecontrolledbyabrainthatistheequivalent替代品ofthelatestIBMmicrocomputer.ThedirectorofUASMrHenryJeffriesbelievesthatinthenextfivetotenyearscompanieswillhavedevelopedevenmoresophisticated复杂的robotsforuseinindustry.Bythattimeitislikelythattheywillalsohavebeguntosellnewformsofthesemachinesintoordinaryhomes.Robotscoulddoawiderangeofhouseholdtaskssuchaspreparingmealswashingdishescleaningthehouseandsoon.Bythenthepriceofsuchmachinesmayhavecomedowntoaslittleas$1000.ButDrSandraLomaxwhohasdoneresearchintoartificialintelligenceatSussexUniversityandMITMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologybelieveswehavealongwaytogobeforewecandeveloptrulyintelligentmachines.Preparinganomelet煎蛋mayseemeasyenough.Butsupposeoneoftheeggshasgonebadeventhemostintelligentrobotwouldprobablystilluseit.Ifsomethingslightlyunusualneedsdoingsomethingthatrequiresevenalittleofordinaryhumanimaginationarobotisuseless.TheyneedprogrammingforeventhesimplestoftasksandarenotabletolearnfromexperiencE.AndteachingarobothowtorecognizeabadeggismoredifficultthanteachingittopreparetheomeletDrSandraLomaxsays.21.A.LondoncompanycalledUAShasalreadydevelopedamachinewhich________.A.canteachlanguagesandcareforthepatientsinhospitalB.canhelpoldpeopledocertainjobsinthehouseC.iscontrolledbymicrocomputerbrainD.canacceptsimplevoiceinstructions22.ThedirectorofUASbelievesthatinthenextfivetotenyearsnewformsofmachineswill________.A.beabletothinkwiththeirownbrainsanddoanythingwithimaginationB.costlessthan$1000C.beusedmoreinordinaryhomesthaninindustryD.domorehousework23.DrSandraLomaxthinksthat________.A.norobotwilleverbeabletoprepareanomeletB.arobotwillsoonbeabletodounusualhouseworkpeoplecan’tdoC.wecanprogramarobottolearnfromexperienceD.makinganomeletiseasierforarobotthanrecognizingabadegg

Atelescope望远镜calledGaiaisbeingdesignedbyastronomersinEuropeanditcouldn’tbemoredifferentfromPan-STARRSwhichisanothertelescopebeingdesigneD.WhilePan-STARRSwillbelookingforasteroids小行星andcometsheadedforEarthGaiawillbelookingatourentiregalaxy银河系.GaiaisdesignedtodrawamapoftheMilkyWayourhomegalaxy.JustasamapofyourtowngivesyouapictureofwherethingsarelocatedGaia’smapofthegalaxywilltellastronomerswherethestarsarE.OverfiveyearsGaiawillobserve观察aboutabillionstarsandotherobjectsinourgalaxy.Eachobjectwillbeobservedabout70times.Gaiawillbesentintospaceconnectedtoarocket.Itcontainstwotelescopeseachfocusedatadifferentangle角度.ThesetwotelescopesactlikeGaia’seyes.Thereasonwhyhumanscanseethingsin3Disthatwehavetwoeyesfocusedonthesameobjectatslightlydifferentangles.ByusingtwotelescopeslikeeyesGaiacanproducethefirst3Dmapofthepositionsofthestarsitviews.Gaiawhichistobesentintospacein2011willbeapowerfultelescopE.IfyouweretouseitonEarthforexampleyoucouldstand600milesawayfromyourbestfriendsandstillgetaclearpictureoftheirhair.Gaiaisoneofmorethanadozentelescopesbeingdesignedbyscientistsrightnow.Thenextgenerationoftelescopeswillrevealnewpartsofouruniversethatwillseemsurprising.Theuniversewithallitsplanetsstarsandotherstrangeobjectsisapuzzlewithpiecesthatwecanseebyusingpowerfultelescopes.28.HowmanydifferentanglescanGaiafocusateachtime?A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.29.ThemaptobedrawnbyGaia______.A.canshoweverybuildingonEarthB.canshowyouwhereyourtownisC.willjustshowthestarsaroundEarthD.willshowwherethestarsareinourhomegalaxy30.What’sParagraph4mainlyabout?A.WhatGaiawilldoinspacE.B.WhenGaiawillstarttowork.C.HowpowerfulGaiawillbE.D.WhatGaiawilldotoEarth.31.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphsuggeststhatthenextgenerationoftelescopes_______.A.seemverysurprisingtoscientistsB.willnotbeputintouseinashorttimeC.willjustlookatnewthingsinuniverseD.willbemorepowerfulthantheoldgenerations

Yourbrainhastheabilitytostoreandaccepttwokindsofthoughts:PositiveandNegativE.Somepeoplehavemorenegativethoughtsthanpositivebutmostpeopleare50/50andtheirmindsplayatugofwarperseconD.Howeverthereissomethingyoucandotogainapositivemindset.WhenyougetabadornegativethoughtintoyourmindyouneedtothinkofapositivethoughtsothatthebadornegativethoughtmakeswayforthepositiveonE.Asyoukeepdoingthisthoughtafterthoughtthepositivethoughtswillovercomethenegativeones.AstimegoesonandyourepeatthisprocessyouwillfindthatyourthoughtsandmindsetbecomepositiveandnegativethoughtswillnotevenbeallowedtoenteryourminD.Youwillbeabletobrushthemoffveryeasily.Allbademotionswillgoawaytoo.Youwillalsogainconfidenceinyourself;youcanrealizeyouhavemanygoodthingssuchasyourinnerstrengthpassionandcouragE.Thisisnotanovernightprocesssobepatientwiththisprocess.Ittookmeafewyearstofinallybeabletoexhibitthiswayoflivingonadailybasisbutsofaritisworkingoutquitenicely...IhavenotyetperfectedthisprocessandIhavealongwaytogoIthink.Rememberyoumustadheretotheprocess.Donotgiveupyourselforgiveintonegativityduringtheprocess.Nomatterhowharditseemsandwhatsituationsyouareinyoumustnotgiveup.HavingapositiveornegativemindsetisonlyachoicE.ChoosingtohaveapositivemindsetwillallowyoutoattractamazingopportunitiesandsuccessesinyourlifE.ChoosingtobenegativewillonlyattractmorenegativityandfailuresinyourlifE.Howwillyouchoosetoliveyourlife?66.Accordingtothepassagethewaytoovercomenegativethoughtsisto____.A.getridofnegativethoughtsB.acceptandstorenegativethoughtsC.findouthownegativethoughtshappenD.thinkofpositivethoughtswhentherearenegativethoughts67.Theauthorgavehisownexampletoshowthat____.A.changingone’sthoughtsisalongprocessB.positivethoughtscouldleadtosuccessC.gainingconfidenceinoneselfisaneasythingD.everyoneisbornwithinnerstrengthpassionandcourage68.WhatdoestheunderlinedphraseadheretoinParagraph5mean?A.Togiveup.B.Tobringin.C.Tostickto.D.Toworkout.69.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?A.A.positivemindsetisdeterminedbyoneself.B.Mostpeoplewon’tacceptnegativethoughtsatall.C.Quittheprocesswhenyoufeelit’stoohardforyou.D.Havinganegativemindsetwillnotdogreatharmtoone’slifE.70.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Don’tgiveintonegativityB.HowtogainapositivemindsetC.YoumustbelieveinyourselfD.Bepatienttochangeyourthoughts

Honey蜂蜜fromtheAfricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugaritisalsodelicious.Mostpeopleandmanyanimalslikeeatingit.Howevertheonlywayforthemtogetthathoneyistofindawildbees’nest巢andtakethehoneyfromit.Oftenthesenestsarehighupintreesanditisdifficulttofindthem.InpartsofAfricathoughpeopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper—alittlebirdcalledahoneyguidE.Thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoneybutitdoeslikethewax蜂蜡inthebeehives蜂房.Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswaxwhichisdeepinsidethebees’nest.Sowhenitfindsasuitablenestitlooksforsomeonetohelpit.ThehoneyguidegivesaloudcrythatattractstheattentionofbothpassinganimalsandpeoplE.Onceithastheirattentionitfliesthroughtheforestwaitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest.Whentheyfinallyarriveatthenestthefollowerreachesintogetthedelicioushoneyasthebirdpatientlywaitsandwatches.SomeofthehoneyandthewaxalwaysfallstothegroundandthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitssharE.Scientistsdonotknowwhythehoneyguidelikeseatingthewaxbutitisverydeterminedinitseffortstogetit.Thebirdsseemtobeabletosmellwaxfromalongdistanceaway.Theywillquicklyarrivewheneverabeekeeperistakinghoneyfromhisbeehivesandwillevenenterchurcheswhenbeeswaxcandlesarebeinglit.33.Whyisitdifficulttofindawildbees’nest?A.It’ssmallinsizE.B.It’shiddenintrees.C.It’scoveredwithwax.D.It’shardtorecognizE.34.WhatdothewordsthefollowerinParagraph2referto?A.AbeE.B.A.birD.C.A.honeyseeker.D.A.beekeeper.35.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WildBeesB.WaxandHoneyC.BeekeepinginAfricaD.Honey-Lover’sHelper

It’sagainstthelawforthepolicetoattachaGPSunittoyourcarwithoutyourpermissionastheU.S.SupremeCourtsettledin2012.ButifthepoliceareinhotpursuitofabankrobberorotherescapingcriminalsthatthreatenpublicsafetyaGPStrackerisacceptablE.ButexactlyhowcanthepoliceGPStrackacarthatismovingfast?TheanswertothatquestioncomesfromStarChaseanewpolicetechnologybeingusedbyasmallbutgrowingnumberoflawenforcement强化agencies.Itallowsthepolicetofireglue-coveredGPSbullet-likeprojectiles发射体fromanairgunfixedintheirpolicecars.IftheGPStrackermakescontactwiththeescapingrobber’scarit’llsticknomatterhowfastthevehicleisgoing.Thatwaythepolicewillhaveaconstantreadonthecar’slocationandheading.Besidessimplyapprehending逮捕criminalsit’sbelievedthatthisnewtechnologycouldhelpsavelives.IfthepolicesuccessfullyfireaGPSunitataspeedingcriminaltheycanavoidahigh-riskchasE.Chasescanbeincrediblydangeroustoallinvolvedincludinginnocentbystandersandotherdrivers.OncetheGPSbulletconnectsthere’snoneedforthechaseanylonger.NowaGPS-loadedgunisn’tcheap.Policedepartmentsneedtopayabout$5000pervehicleforthetechnologyandindividualGPSbulletscostasmuchas$250each.ThatmaysoundexpensivebutrememberThealternativeisoftenthousandsofdollarsinpropertydamageandgreathumancostininjuryandlostlifE.AccordingtoStarChasetheirGPSbulletsystemhasanapprehensionrateof80%withoutanyreportofinjuryorpropertydamagE.Ifyou’dliketolearnmoreabouttheStarChasesystemPopularMechanicshasjustpublishedagoodarticleaboutit.There’salsoplentymoreinformationavailableatthecompany’swebsitE.32.WhentheGPSbulletstickstotheescapingrobber’scarthepolicecan________.A.knowthecar’sconditionB.ensuretherobber’ssafetyC.playafairgamewiththerobberD.knowthecar’spositionanddirection33.TheGPSbulletscouldhelpsavelivesmainlybecause________.A.thebulletswon’thurtpeopleB.theycanmaketherobber’scarstopC.thepolicecanstopthedangerouschaseD.theyhavemoreadvantagesthannormalbullets34.FromthetextwecanlearnthatGPSbullets__________.A.areusefulforthepoliceB.arewidelyusedinAmericaC.cancontroltherisingcrimerateD.canreplacethepoliceinthefuture35.Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwereadthetext?A.LifeB.NatureC.FashionD.Technology

ThomasEdison'sincandescent白炽的light-bulbwillhavebeenbroughttoanendby2016becauseitusestoomuchenergy.Thegreatlighthopetoreplaceitisabulbmadefromlight-emittingdiodes两级管orLEDs.Moreefficienteventhanitsgreencompetitorthecompactfluorescentbulb小型荧光灯LEDscanlastabout20years.ButifyoutakeintoaccounthowmuchenergyisneededtoproducethemareLEDsstillasustainablechoice?MaryAsheagraduateengineeringstudentwho'sworkingonaresearchprojectthat'sassessingthelifecycleofLEDsaskeD.A.sustainabilitysensibility感受性issweepingthroughandtransformingthecurricula课程inAmerica'scollegesofengineeringwithmoreandmoreeducatorsstressingtheimportanceofdesignsandsolutionsthatrelyonrenewableresources.DavidT.Allenachemical-engineeringprofessorsayssustainableengineeringisverymuchinthegrowthmode.Itsgoalistouseresourcesinsuchawaythatcurrentneedsaremetwithoutrobbingfuturegenerationsoftheabilitytousethemaswell.StudentshaveaskedustodelivermorecoursesinthisareasaysAllen.ThepushiscomingfromstudentswhowanttoengageinwhatIcall‘engineeringthatyoucanfeelgoodabout'headds.Youhavetogobackseveralgenerationstofindanothergroupofstudentsinterestedindoingsomethinggoodforsociety.JeremyGuest27didn'tgetbittenbythegreen-designbug臭虫untilhisthirdyearingradschoolwhenhetookacourseinsustainability.Itopenedmyeyeshesays.NowGuestisresearchinghowtorecoverdrinkablewaternutrientsandenergyfromwastewater.28.ThequestionaskedbyAsheinthefirstparagraphisusedtoA.showthatshe'spuzzledbyLEDsB.encouragereaderstothinkaboutitC.introducethetopicofsustainableengineeringD.showhowdifficultsuchachoicecanbe29.ItcanbeinferredfromwhatAllensaysinParagraph3thatA.studentsstudyengineeringforpleasureB.sustainableengineeringwasonceunpopularC.studentsfindsustainableengineeringdifficultD.studentsusedtobelessconcernedaboutsocialbenefits30.Theunderlinedpartgetbittenbythegreen-designbuginthetextmeansA.becomeinterestedingreendesignB.begintolikegreenbugsC.sufferattacksfromgreeninsectsD.failingreendesign31.Whatisconveyedinthetext?A.Currentcoursessatisfystudents'interestinsustainability.B.Studentsareforcedtoshowapassionforenvironmentalproblems.C.SustainableengineeringisbecomingatrenD.D.Sustainabilityisahottopicamongstudents.

Istherelinkbetweenhumansandclimatechangeornot?Thisquestionwasfirststudiedintheearly1900s.SincethenmanyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifferencE.In1997theKyotoProtocolexplainedourroleintheEarth’schangingatmosphereandsetinternationallimitsforgasemissions排放from2008to2012.Somecountrieshavedecidedtocontinuethesereductionsuntil2020.MorerecentlytheParisAgreementstuckbynearly200countriesalsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.Butjustnowhowmuchwarmeritwillgetdependsonhowdeeplycountriescutcarbonemissions.3.5℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptotheinitialParispromisestoreducecarbonemissions;thisrisecouldstillputcoastalcitiesunderwateranddriveoverhalfofallspeciestoextinction.2℃TomeetthisminimumgoaltheAgreementrequirescountriestotightenemissionstargetseveryfiveyears.Eventhisincreasecouldsinksomeislandsworsedrought干旱anddriveadeclineofuptoathirdinthenumberofspecies.1.5℃ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreementafterapushbylow-lyingislandnationslikeKiribatiwhichsaylimitingtemperatureriseto1.5℃couldsavethemfromsinking.0.8℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureshaverisensincetheindustrialagebeganputtingus40%ofthewaytothe2℃point.0℃ThebaselinehereisaverageglobaltemperaturebeforethestartoftheindustrialagE.70.Itcanbeconcludedfromparagraph1that_______.A.theproblemofglobalwarmingwillhavebeenquitesolvedby2020B.gasemissionshavebeeneffectivelyreducedindevelopedcountriesC.theParisAgreementsismoreinfluentialthantheKyotoProtocolD.humanshavemadecontinuouseffortstoslowdownglobalwarming71.IfnationscouldonlykeeptheinitialpromisesoftheParisAgreementwhatwouldhappenbytheyear2100?A.ThehumanpopulationwouldincreasebyonethirD.B.Littleover50%ofallspecieswouldstillexist.C.Nationswouldnotneedtotightentheiremissionstargets.D.TheAgreement’sminimumgoalwouldnotbereacheD.72.Ifthoseislandnationsnotfarabovesealevelaretosurvivethemaximumtemperaturerisesincethestartoftheindustrialageshouldbe_______.A.0.8℃B.1.5℃C.2℃D.3.5℃

OneanimalwhichisstillalivebuthasalmostdisappearedfromtheworldistheChineseriverdolphinorbaiji.ThebaijiisabeautifulanimalwithagracefulbodyandalongnosE.Itisblue-greywithawhiteundersideweighsbetween100and160kilogrammesandcangrowuptoeightfeetlong.ItlivesinthemiddleandlowerpartsoftheYangtzeRiver.Mostdolphinsliveintheseasothebaijiisveryunusual.ItisoneofonlyfivekindsofriverdolphinsintheworlD.Inthepastthereweremanystoriesaboutthebaiji.Onestorysaidthatthedolphinwasreallyabeautifulprincesswhohaddrownedintheriver.Anothersaiditwasakindofhorsethatcouldgallop急速行进acrosswatercarryingGodonitsback.Sadlythesituationtodayisverydifferent.ManymillionsofpeopleliveintheYangtzeRiverBasinandtheriverisbusynoisyandpolluteD.Thebaijiisalmostblindandmovesaroundusingsounds.WithsomanyboatsandpeopleusingtherivertheanimalscannotfindtheirwayarounD.Theyareunabletofindfoodorfindeachother.Yearbyyearthenumberofbaijiintheriverbecomessmallerandsmaller.Alotofworkisbeingdonetohelpthebaiji.OnesectionoftheriverhasbeenmadeintoakindofnatureparkwherethebajijcanbesafE.FishermenworktogetherwithscientistsandtellthemwhentheyseeabajijoriftheyfindaninjuredonE.Injuredanimalsaretakentoaresearchcenterandnursedbacktobehealthy.Howeverinspiteofthesemeasuresscientistsestimate估计thatthemumberofthebajijstillaliveintherivermaybelessthan100.Ifthingscontinueastheyarethelovelycreaturewilldisappearinthenext25years.33.WhichdescriptionaboutthebaijiisWRONG?A.IthasalreadydiedoutfromtheworlD.B.Itisblue-greywithawhiteundersidE.C.ItlivesinthemiddleandlowerpartsoftheYangtzeRiver.D.Itisoneofonly5kindsofriverdolphinsintheworlD.34.ThereasonswhythebaijiisdisappearingarethefollowingEXCEPT.A.manymillionsofpeopleliveintheYangtzeRiverBasinmakingtherenoisyandpollutedB.thebaijiisblindbecauseofthepollutionandcan’tfindthewayaroundC.theboatsandpeoplearenoisymakingtheanimalscannotfindtheirwayaroundbysoundsD.theyareunabletofindfoodorfindeachotherbysoundssincetheriverisnoisy35.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.PeopleliketoliveintheYangtzeRiverBasinwithanimalsswimmingintheriver.B.Theanimalsdyingoutarebeinghuntedbyhumanbeings.C.Peoplecantakesomemeasurestosavetheanimalsdyingout.D.Therearemorebajijlivinginanatureparknow.

PersonalRobotMakeyourparentsandteachershappy!Areyouhavingproblemsfinishingyourhomeworkontime?Doyouavoidtidyingyourroomuntilyourmomshoutsatyou?Youdon’tneedtoworryifyoubuyaMr.HelpingHandpersonalrobot.Mr.Hcanbeprogrammedtoorganizeyourhomework.YourownpersonalrobotwillfollowyouaroundputtingawaybooksandobjectsthatyouhaveleftonthefloororbeD.Mr.Halsohasthesefeatures特点●weighsonly500grams●includeslong-lastingbatteries●comeswitha5-yearguarantee●rememberssimpleinstructionsOriginally最初soldfor$499NOWONLY$299BUYNOWWATCHCONTROLThisisawatchthatJamesBondwouldbeproudtowear!ThisisNOTawatchforordinarypeople!YourelectronicPENGOWATCHCONTROLØactsasaremotecontrolforTVsandvideos.Øgivesyouadailyweatherforecast.Øremindsyouwhentohandinyourhomework.Øsetsoffasilentwarningalarmwhenparentsorteachersarenear.BesidesyourPENGOWATCHCONTROLwillalwaystellyouthetimeaccurately!Originallysoldfor$199NOWONLY$99Forfurtherinformationclickhere.25.WithhelpfromaMr.Hyoucan_______.A.stopusingbatteriesB.getyourroomtidiedonyourwayhomeC.rememberyourteacher’sinstructionsD.finishyourhomeworkontime26.IfyoubuyaPENGOWATCHCONTROLnowyoucansave_______.A.＄99B.＄100C.＄200D.＄19927.Wherewouldyoubemostlikelytofindthetwotexts?A.OnanoticeboardB.InacompanybrochurE.C.OnateenagewebsiteD.Inacollegenewspaper.

RecentlyIspoketosomeofmystudentsaboutwhattheywantedtodoaftertheygraduatedandwhatkindofjobprospectstheythoughttheyhaD.GiventhatIteachstudentswhoaretrainedtobedoctorsIwassurprisedtofindthatmostthoughtthattheywouldnotbeabletogetthejobstheywantedwithoutoutsidehelp.Whatkindofhelpisthat?Iaskedexpectingthemtotellmethattheywouldneedarelativeorfamilyfriendtohelpthemout.SurgeryonereplieD.IwasprettyalarmedbythatresponsE.ItseemsthatthegraduatesoftodayareincreasinglywillingtogoundertheknifetogetaheadofotherswhenitcomestogettingajoB.Onegirltoldmethatshewasconsideringsurgerytoincreaseherheight.Theybreakyourlegsputinspecialextendingscrewsandslowlyexpandthegapbetweenthetwoendsoftheboneasitregrows.Youcangetatleast5cmtaller!AtthatpointIwasshockeD.Iamshort.Ican’tdenythatbutIdon’tthinkIwouldputmyselfthroughmonthsofpainjusttobeafewcentimeterstaller.Idon’tevenbothertowearshoeswiththicksolesasI.’mnottryingtohidethefactthatIamjustnottall!Itseemstomethatthereisatrendtowardwantingperfectionandthatisanidealthatjustdoesnotexistinreality.NooneisbornperfectyetmagazinesTVshowsandmoviespresentimagesofthintallbeautifulpeopleasbeingthenorm.Advertisementsforslimmingaidsbeautytreatmentsandcosmeticsurgery整容外科手术clinicsfillthepagesofnewspapersfurthercreatinganideathatperfectionisarequirementandthatitmustbepurchasednomatterwhatthecost.Inmyopinionskillsratherthanappearanceshoulddeterminehowsuccessfulapersonisinhischosencareer.32.Wecanknowfromthepassagethattheauthorworksas.A.adoctorB.ateacherC.amodeD.areporter33.Manygraduatestodayturntocosmeticsurgeryto.A.getanadvantageoverothersinjob-huntingB.becomeamodelC.marryabetterman/womanD.attractmoreadmirers34.Accordingtothepassagetheauthorbelievesthat.A.everyoneshouldpursueperfectionwhateverthecostB.it’srightforgraduatestoaskforotherstohelpthemoutinhuntingforjobsC.mediaaretoblameformisleadingyoungpeopleintheirseekingforsurgeryD.itisone’sappearanceinsteadofskillsthatreallymattersinone’scareer35.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhisheight?A.Hehatestobecalledashortman.B.Hetriestoincreasehisheightthroughsurgery.C.Healwayswearsshoeswiththicksolestohidethefact.D.Hejustacceptsitasitis.

ThesceneintheHollywoodmovieTheDayAfterTomorrowwhereglobalwarningcouldsoonturntheglobalclimateintoanewiceagE.Mayneveroccuraccordingtonewresearch.Thenexticeagecouldbe15000yearsawaysayEuropeanscientistswholastmonthannouncedacontinuousrecordof740000yearsofclimatedataobtainedfromtheAntarcticicE.Scientistsfrom10nationshavenowalmostcompletelydrilledthrougha3000-meterdepthoficehighintheAntarcticmainlanD.Theyfigureoutthattheareawheresummertemperaturescanfallto－40℃hasatleast900000yearsofsnowfallskeptasneatlyasthegrowthringsofatreE.Andtheiceandaircaughtineachlayerhavebeguntoanswerquestionsabouttheclimatesinthepast.Theresultsshowthattherehavebeeneighticeagesinthepast740000yearsandeightwarmerperiods.AndbycomparingthepatternofglobalconditionstodaywiththoseofthepasttheresearchersreportedinNaturethatthepresentwarmperiodcouldlastanother15000years.Researchsuggeststhatthereisaverycloseconnectionbetweengreenhousegaslevelsandglobalaveragetemperatures.Italsoshowsthatcarbondioxidelevelsarethehighestforatleast440000years.Ifpeoplesaytoyou:thegreenhouseeffectisagoodthingbecausewewouldgointoaniceageotherwiseourdatasaynoanewiceageisnothangingoverourheadssaidErieWolfffromtheBritishAntarcticSurvey.NowwehaveeightexamplesofhowtheclimategoesinandoutoficeagesandyoucanlearnwhattherulesarethatgointotheclimatemodelsthattellusaboutthefuturE.Scientistsfoundthatwhenevertemperaturesroseinthefrozenrecordsodidcarbondioxidelevel.In440000yearswehaveneverseengreenhousegasgetasthickasitistodaysaidDrWolff.5.IndrillingthroughtheiceinAntarcticascientistshavefoundthaA.thelowesttemperaturethereis-40℃B.snowfallsarekeptincertainpatternsC.theicehasexistedfor15000yearsD.thedepthoficeis3000meters6.TheinformationoftheglobalclimateconditionsinthepastcanbeobtainedthroughA.separatingcarbondioxidefromtheairB.examiningthegrowthringsoftreesC.comparingtemperaturesindifferentareasD.studyingtheiceandaircaughtineachlayer7.WecaninferfromEricWolff’swordsthatA.thereissomethingwrongwiththedataB.greenhouseeffectisalwaysabadthingC.anewiceagewillnotcomeinthenearfutureD.greenhousegaswillgetthickinthefuture8.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ResearchovertheAntarcticareA.B.HollywoodmoviesandtheglobalclimatE.C.Reportontheeighticeagesinthepast.D.Warmperiodtolastabout15000years.

ForaslongastheycanrememberJynneMartinandAprilSurgenthadbothdreamedofgoingtoAntarcticA.ThiswintertheyeachmadeittotheicycontinentasguestsoftheNationalScienceFoundationNSF.Buttheydidn’tgoasscientists.MartinisapoetandSurgentisanartist.TheywenttoAntarcticaasparticipantsintheNSF’sArtistsandWritersprogram.TheNSFisthegovernmentagencythatfundsscientificresearchinAntarcticA.ButitalsomakesitpossibleforartistsincludingfilmmakersandmusicianstoexperienceAntarcticaandcontributetheirownpointsofviewtoourunderstandingofthecontinent.ThemixingofscienceandartinAntarcticaisn’tnew.Someoftheearliestexplorersbroughtalongpaintersandphotographers.EdwardWilsonwasaBritishpainterdoctorandbirdexpertwhojourneyedwithRobertFalconScottontwoseparateAntarcticexpeditionsmorethan100yearsago.HerbertPontingwasaphotographerwhoalsoaccompaniedScottononeofthoseexpeditions.InhundredsofphotosPontingcapturedthebeautyofthecontinentandrecordedthedailylivesandheroicstrugglesoftheexplorers.Today’sscientistswritearticlesforscientificjournals.Unliketheearlyexplorers’journalsscientificpaperscannowbeverydifficultfornon-scientiststounderstanD.WritersinAntarcticaworktoexplaintheresearchtothepubliC.PeterRejcekiseditorwriterandphotographerfortheAntarcticSunanonlinemagazinedevotedtonewsabouttheU.S.AntarcticProgram.RejeckbeganhiscareerintheAntarcticin2003byspendingayearattheSouthPolE.HehasreturnedeveryyearsinceinterviewingscientistsaboutresearchatPalmerMcMurdoandSouthPolestations.TherearealsoscientistsinAntarcticawhoworkhardtoexplaintheirresearchtothepubliC.ScientistDianeMcKnightwroteTheLostSealachildren’sbookthatexplainstheresearchsheandothersaredoinginanunusualice-freeareainAntarcticacalledtheDryValleys.Antarcticaisfullofstoriesandwondersthatarescientifichistoricandpersonal.PeoplesuchasMartinSurgentRejcekandDianeMcKnightaredevotedtobringingthosestoriestoasmanypeopleastheycan.Somepeoplearegoingtobescientistssomepeoplearegoingtobejournalistssomepeoplearegoingtobeartistsbutwecanallworktogether.saysSurgenttocelebratethisextraordinaryplacE.32.WhatdoweknowabouttheNSF?A.Itisagovernmentagency.B.ItonlyfundsscientistsinAntarcticA.C.ItencouragestheunderstandingofhumannaturE.D.ItenablesthemixingofscienceandartforthefirsttimE.33.Whydidn’tsomeearliestexplorersbringwritersalong?A.WriterswerenotfundedatthattimE.B.Writingcan’tcapturethebeautyofthecontinent.C.WriterswerenotinterestedinpopularizingsciencE.D.Earlyexplorers’journalscanbeeasilyunderstoodbythepubliC.34.BymentioningDianeMcKnighttheauthormaytrytosuggestthat_____.A.scientistsshouldexplaintheirresearchtochildrenB.writersarenotnecessarysincescientistscantellstoriesaswellC.tellingstoriestochildrenismoreimportantthanknowingthetruthD.nomatterwhatroleweplaywecanworktogethertoappreciateAntarctica35.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthisarticle?A.Antarctica:A.LandforA11B.TheNSF:A.ProgramforAllC.Antarctica:A.LandofBeautyandStoriesD.TheNSF:A.ProgramforArtistsandScientists

Gravitationalwavesaretheripples波纹inthepondofspacetimE.Thegravityoflargeobjectswarpsspaceandtimeorspacetimeasphysicistscallitthewayabowlingballchangestheshapeofatrampoline蹦床asitrollsaroundonit.Smallerobjectswillmovedifferentlyasaresult—likemarblesspiraling盘旋towardabowling-ball-sizeddent凹迹inatrampolineinsteadofsittingonaflatsurfacE.Scientistsannouncedthattheyhavesucceededindetectinggravitationalwavesfromtheviolentmerging兼并oftwoblackholesindeepspacE.Thedetectionwasregardedasavictoryforacontroversialdelicatelycraftedbillion-dollarphysicsexperimentandasconfirmationofakeypredictionofAlbertEinstein'sGeneralTheoryofRelativity.ThereisnoobviousimmediateconsequenceofthisphysicsexperimentbutthescientistssaythisopensanewwindowontheuniversE.Untilnowastronomyhasbeenalmostexclusivelyavisualenterprise:Scientistshavereliedonlightvisibleandotherwisetoobservethecosmos.Butnowgravitationalwavescanbeusedaswell.Theycouldpotentiallytakeacensusofblack-holemergersspotthecollisionsofultra-denseneutronstars中子星probetheinnerdynamicsofexplodingstarsanddiscovertheoreticalcosmicstringsleftoverfromthebigbang.ThesewaveswillbeparticularlyusefulforstudyingblackholestheexistenceofwhichwasfirstimpliedbyEinstein’stheoryandotherdarkobjectsbecausethey’llgivescientistsabrightbeacontosearchforevenwhenobjectsdon’temitactuallight.Mappingtheabundanceofblackholesandfrequencyoftheirmergerscouldgetaloteasier.SincetheypassthroughmatterwithoutinteractingwithitgravitationalwaveswouldcometoEarthcarryingundistortedinformationabouttheirorigin.Theycouldalsoimprovemethodsforestimatingthedistancestoothergalaxies.ItwillalsostartaneweraofastronomyinwhichgravitationalwavesaretoolsforstudyingthemostmysteriousandexoticobjectsintheuniversE.33.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheexperimentofgravitationalwaves?A.Itisasuccessandwasapprovedofbyall.B.Itiswelldesignedthoughtimeandmoneyconsuming.C.Itprovesthatblackholesdogiveoutgravitationalwaves.D.ItprovesoneofthekeypredictionsofEinstein’sGeneralTheoryofRelativityright.34.Whyisgravitationalwavesimportant?A.Becausescientistshavereliedonlightvisibleandotherwisetoobservethecosmos.B.Becausetheyhavebeenusedtodiscoverfactsabouttheinnerdynamicsofexplodingstars.C.Becausetheycouldmakeitpossibletoprobeobjectsintotaldarknessevenwhentheydon’tgiveoutlight.D.Becausemappingtheabundanceofblackholesandfrequencyoftheirmergerscouldbeimpossiblewithoutthem.35.Theunderlinedwordundistortedinparagraph6probablymean_______A.UnrelateD.B.Unfamiliar.C.UnchangeD.D.Unreal.

Doessolvingamathproblemgiveyouaheadache?Doyoufeelnervouswhenyousitamathexam?Formoststudentsmathcanbetoughbutscientistshaveprovedthatmathproblemscanactuallytrigger引起physicalpain.Scientistscametothisconclusionwithanin-depthexperimentwhichwaspublishedinthePublicLibraryofScienceOnejournal.Theybeganbyfindingouthowmuchparticipantsfearmath.Thoseinvolvedwereaskedaseriesofquestionssuchashowtheyfeelwhentheyreceiveamathtextbookorwhentheywalkintoamathlesson.Basedontheiranswersparticipantsweredividedintogroups.Onegroupwasmadeupofpeoplewhowereparticularlyafraidofmathandparticipantsintheothergroupweremorecomfortablewiththesubject.Bothgroupswerethengiveneithermathtasksorwordtasks.Whenamathtaskwasgoingtocomenextayellowcirclewouldappearbutwhenawordtaskwassoontocomeabluesquarewouldbeshown.Usingabrain-scanmachinescientistsnoticedthatwheneverpeoplefromGroupOnesawayellowcircletheirbrainwouldrespondinawaysimilartowhentheirbodyisfeelingpain.ItwaslikethepaintheywouldfeelforexampleiftheyburnttheirhandonahotstovE.Buttheyreactedlessstronglywhentheyknewthattheywouldbefacedwithawordtask.Howeverscientistssawnostrongbrainresponsefrompeopleinthesecondgroup.Mathcanbedifficultandforthosewithhighlevelsofmathematics-anxietyHMAmathisassociatedwithtensionapprehension忧虑andfear.WhenyouarereallythinkingaboutthemathproblemsyourmindisracingandyouareworryingaboutallthethingsthatcouldgowrongexplainedIanLyonsfromUniversityofChicagoUSleaderofthestudy.Thehigheraperson’sanxietyofamathstaskthemoreheactivatedbrainregionsassociatedwiththreatdetectionandtheexperienceofpain.Moreinterestinglythebrainactivitydisappearedwhenparticipantsactuallystarteddealingwiththemathtasks.Thismeansthatit’snotthatmathitselfhurts;rathertheexpectationofmathispainfulLyonssaiD.Basedonthestudyscientistssuggestedthatthingscouldbedonetohelpstudentsworrylessandmovepasttheirfearofmathwhichmightmeantheyperformbetterintests.72.Inthefirststagescientistsaskparticipantssomequestionsto_____.A.seewhethermathhurtsB.findouthowmuchtheyfearmathC.observehowtheirbrainresponseD.testtheirenduranceofpain73.Theunderlinedwordtheexpectationofmathisclosestinmeaningto_____.A.theattemptoflearningmathB.themotivationtoworkoutmathproblemC.theefforttounderstandmathD.theactofthinkingaboutmath74.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Howtoovercomemathfear.B.PhysicalpainaffectsmathperformancE.C.Mathpaininyourbrain.D.Unknowntruthaboutpain.75.Whatcanbeconcludedfromtheexperiment?A.Theexpectationofmathhasnorelationtostudents’confidenceinmath.B.Moderatemathematicanxietyimprovesstudents’academicperformancE.C.Effectivesolutionshavebeenworkedouttolowerstudents’anxietyofmath.D.PhysicalpaincausedbyHMAdisappearsintheprocessofdoingmathproblem.

Themorningforoursnowmobiling雪上汽车adventurefinallyarrivedandwesetoffonthehour-and-a-halfdrivetotheresort度假地.A.freshpowderhadfallenthenightbeforeandeverythingwasfrostedwhitE.Wecouldn’thaveaskedformoreperfectconditions.Thesunsparkledonthesnowandthetrails路线werecompletelyempty–notanotherpersonorsnowmobileinsight.Wewerethrilledatbeingtheonlypeopleformilesarounduntilwegotgoing.Aswedrovethroughthedesertedwildernessmyexcitementbecamestone-coldfear.IhadnoideawhatIwasafraidoforwhyIwasafraidbutsuddenlyeveryturneveryhilleverysteep陡峭的sideofthemountainfrightenedmetodeath.Ikeptimagineuscrashingheadlongintoatreeorfallingoffthesideofadrop.ButafterlunchthingschangeD.Weweretheonlyhumanswhohadbeentheresincethesnowfall.Thepeacefulplacetheincrediblebeautyofthelandscapeandthealmostsacredexperienceofsharingamountainwiththewildlifetouchedmyverycore核心.MymindclearedandquietedandmymusclesrelaxeD.AswedrovethelastlegoftherunIbegantoresentbeingafraidtodrivE.DeepdownIwantedtobeinchargeofthethingthatscaredmE.ItmademeangrythatfearwaskeepingmefromsomethingIreallywantedtodo.Thedaywascomingtoanendandtheresortwasonlyafewmilesaway.IknewthatifIdidn’ttakemychancenowIwouldregretit.Isignaledformyhusbandtopullover.Iwantedtodrivealthoughmyheartpounded重击.IstartedoffslowlyandfeltthewindinmyfacE.IsmiledandspedupalittlE.WithaYee-haw!Iwentfullouttakingmyhusbandonthebestrideoftheday.Weendedthedayonthatbreathlesscarefree轻松愉快的noteandIfeltproudofmyself–proudofovercomingmyfear.21.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthearticle?A.Theauthorwasconfidentasshewasdrivinginthedesertedwilderness.B.Theauthordidn’tgetworrieduntiltheystartedtodrivethroughthedesertedwilD.C.Realizingthatsheandherhusbandweretheonlypeoplearoundtheauthorbecameanxious.D.TheauthorwassonervousthatshealmostcrashedintoabigtreE.22.Accordingtothearticleafterlunchtheauthor_______.A.graduallycalmeddownB.stoppedtoenjoythebeautifulsceneryC.sawsomewildlifeonthemountainD.wasafraidtocontinueherjourney23.TheunderlinedwordresentinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto_______.A.assumeB.undertakeC.hateD.recognize24.Whatisthestorymainlyabout?A.Whattheauthorlovesaboutsnowmobiling.B.WhatdifficultiesthecouplefacedduringtheiradventurE.C.Whatinterestedtheauthorduringhertimesnowmobiling.D.HowtheauthorovercameherfearduringheradventurE.

Apple’sipadhasbeenahugehitamongchildrenwithitseasytouseinterface界面andinnovativeapps.InfactresearcherssaytheastonishingriseoftheipadhasmeantithasnowovertakenhouseholdnamessuchasMcDonaldsandDisneytobecomethenumberonebrandamongAmerican6-12yearolds.TheannualstudyconductedbyleadingyouthandfamilyresearchfirmSmartyPantsranksmorethan250brandseachyear.iPad’snumberonestatusamongkidsrepresentsthesummitofthe‘tablettakeover’—amovementfromsharedscreensandTVnetworkdominancetoplannedcontentonpersonaldevices.SaidWynneTyreepresidentofSmartyPants.KidsincreasinglyturntoiPadforgamesTVshowsvideosbookshomeworkhelpandcommunicatingwithfriendsandfamily.Inthefirm’s2014studyApple’siPadwentaheadofkidbrandssuchasMcDonald’sandDisney.KidsseetheiPadastheall-in-onedigitaltoolgivingthemauniquesenseofindependencetheresearcherssay.TyreenotesthatiPad’smarchtothetophasbeendramatiC.InjustfiveyearstheiPadhasrisenfromranking109thtobeingkid’sfavoritebranD.EarlyonitcapturedtheheartsofteensandmiddleandupperclassfamiliesbutiPadisnowanindispensable不可或缺的partofchildhoodforthemasses.OnthestudyiPadwastopswithaweightedscoreof898outof1000.Disneycameat858Google’sYouTube852McDonald’s839iPhone830andApple829.DigitalentertainmentoverallisseeinganincreaseamongkidsandfamilieswithbrandssuchasNetflixHuluAmazonInstantVideoAndroidandSamsungpostingnoteworthyincreasesinthestudyameasureofkids’awarenesspopularityandloveforabranD.AlongwithiPadthesedevicesandservicesprovideentertainmentthatisalwayson.Offeringseeminglyendlessoptionstabletsanddigitalcontentprovidersaremeetingcontemporarykids’needs—withfunandconnectivitynevermorethanatapaway.24.Whatisthetablettakeovermovementaccordingtothepassage?A.InthemovementeveryoneownsaniPaD.B.ItreferstotheshiftfromwatchingTVtogethertousinganiPadseparately.C.Inthemovementpeoplebecomemoreindependentinentertainment.D.InthemovementpeoplereceivemoreinformationfromaniPadthanfromTV.25.WhatmakesaniPadappealingtothekids?A.AniPadhelpsthekidsbuildupstrongerrelationshipswiththeirparents.B.AniPadcandevelopthekids’readingskills.C.WithaniPadthekidscanbecomeabetterlearner.D.TheycanwatchTVshowsusinganiPaD.26.WhatisthecorrectrankingaccordingtoscoresfromthestudyofSmartyPants?A.Disney—YouTube—Apple—iPhone—iPad—McDonald’sB.iPad—Disney—YouTube--McDonald’s—iPhone—AppleC.iPhone—Disney—iPad--McDonald’s—YouTube--AppleD.iPad—Apple—iPhone--McDonald’s—Disney—YouTube27.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Apple’siPadcandevelopthekids’creativity.B.Tabletanddigitalproviderscannevermeetthekids’needs.C.AniPadcanprovidethekidswithmostentertainment.D.AniPad’sfunandconnectiontotheInternetattractsthekidsmost.

Sciencehasalotofuses.Itcanuncoverlawsofnaturecurediseasesmakebombsandhelpbridgestostandup.Indeedscienceissogoodatwhatitdoesthatthere’salwaysatemptation__todragitintoproblemswhereitmaynotbehelpful.DavidBrooksauthorofTheSocialAnimal:TheHiddenSourcesofLoveCharacterandAchievementappearstobethelatestinalonglineofwriterswhohavefailedtogoagainstthetemptation.Brooksgainedfameforseveralbooks.HislatestbookTheSocialAnimalhoweverismoreambitiousandseriousthanhisearlierbooks.Itisanattempttodealwithasetofweightytopics.Thebookfocusesonbigquestions:Whathasscienceuncoveredabouthumannature?Whatarethesourcesofcharacter?Andwhyaresomepeoplehappyandsuccessfulwhileothersaren’t?ToanswerthesequestionsBrooksstudiesawiderangeofdisciplines学科.Consideringthisyoumightexpectthebooktobeasimpledescriptionoffacts.ButBrookshasformedhisbookinanunusualandperhapsunfortunateway.Insteadofintroducingscientifictheorieshetellsastorywithinwhichhetriestomakehispointsperhapsinordertokeepthereader’sattention.SoasHaroldandEricatheheroandheroineinhisstorylivethroughchildhoodwehearaboutthescienceofchilddevelopmentandastheybegintodatewehearaboutthetheoryofsexualattraction.Brookscarriesthisthroughtothedeathofoneofhischaracters.OnthewholeBrooks’storyisacceptableifuninspireD.Asonewouldexpecthiswritingismostlyclearandtobefairsomechaptersstandoutabovetherest.IenjoyedforinstancethechapterinwhichHarolddiscovershowtothinkonhisown.WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemorablecharactersthemoreseriousproblemswithTheSocialAnimallieelsewherE.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrooks’attempttotranslatehistaleintosciencE.32.Theauthormentionsthefunctionsofscienceatthebeginningofthepassageto__________.A.explainwheresciencecanbeappliedB.showthevalueofBrooks’newbookC.remindthereaderoftheimportanceofscienceD.explainwhymanywritersusescienceintheirworks33.Accordingtotheauthorwhichofthefollowingcouldbeastrengthofthebook?A.Itsstrongbasis.B.Itsclearwriting.C.Itsconvincingpoints.D.Itsmemorablecharacters.34.Whatistheauthor’sgeneralattitudetowardsthebook?A.Contradictory.B.SupportivE.C.Cautious.D.Critical.35.Whatistheauthorlikelytowriteaboutafterthelastparagraph?A.Deathofthecharacters.B.Brooks’lifeexperiencE.C.Problemswiththebook.D.Brooks’translationskills.

WhatIsanE-TicketRide?AnE-ticketrideisanespeciallythrillingamusementparkridE.Thetermnowcanrefertoanythingextraordinary.WhatdistinguishesthisfromanyotherrideisthelevelofdetailtechnologyandentertainmentvaluE.From1955-1982theDisneylandthemeparkinAnaheimCaliforniasoldindividualrideticketswithadmissiontothepark.In1972simpleridesliketheKingArthurCarouseltookA-ticketswhileAliceInWonderlandwasB-tickets.C.andD-ticketrideswereabitmoreadvancedincludingPeterPan’sFlightandFlighttotheMoon.Thebiggestbestandnewestridesintheparkwerereservedforthe85centE-ticket.Inthe1970sthislistincludedPiratesoftheCaribbeanandtheHauntedMansion.OneinterestingthingabouttheticketsisthatDisneyofficialsconsistentlyreferredtothemascouponswhileguestsinsistedtheyshouldbecalledtickets.In1982thetickets—orcoupons—werephasedoutoftheDisneylandworldastheparkintroducedapay-one-priceadmission.AsareplacementofsortsfortheticketingsystemDisneyintroducedtheFASTPASSforsomeoftherides.GenerallytheFASTPASSisusedonthemostpopularrides.RumorsoftencirculatetosuggestthatDisneylandisplanningtostopusingthissysteminfavorofVIPticketsoutragingsomefans.From1997-2004theWaltDisneyWorldResortinFloridaofferedanexperiencecalledE.-rideNights.Thispopularalthoughcostlyextraallowedticket-holdingvisitorstostayintheparkthreehoursafterclosingandridesomeofthemostpopularattractions.TodayalthoughtheticketsnolongerofficiallyexistDisneyfansstillclassifyridesbytheirticketstatus.Inthe2007announcementofexpansionstotheCaliforniaAdventureParkatleasttwonewE-ticketattractionswereannouncedtheLittleMermaidrideandatest-trackracingridebasedonthePixarmovieCars.Recentcriticismsofthere-openedFindingNemoSubmarineVoyagesuggestthatsomefansthinktheridehasbeendowngradedtoaD-ticketfromitsformerglory.InpopularculturethephrasehasbeenusedtorefertoanextraordinaryexperiencE.AmericanastronautSallyRidefamouslyreferredtoridingthespaceshuttleasanE-ticketexperiencE.Thephrasehasappearedinseveralmovies.FansoftheDisneyparkshavealsoproducedaride-basedfanmagazinecalledTheETicketsince1986.AlthoughthetermnolongerappliestotheDisneymethodofrideadmissionitisstillconsistentlypopularasapopularphrasE.WhatIsanE-TicketRide?OutlinesSupportingDetails1______ofE-TicketRide●ItisathrillingamusementparkridE.●It2______fromanyotherrideinthelevelofdetailtechnologyandentertainmentvaluE.3______ofridetickets●From1955-1982ABC.andD-ticketrides4______upintheDisneylandthemepark.●FASTPASSwasintroducedtoDisneyto5______fortheticketingsystem.●From1997-2004peoplecouldgo6______E-rideNightsintheWaltDisneyWorldResortinFloridA.●DisneyofficialsreferredtothemascouponsallthetimE.●In2007atleasttwonewE-ticketattractionswereannouncedto7______totheCaliforniaAdventurePark.Presentsituation●Inpopularculturethetermcanrefertoextraordinary8______.●AmericanastronautSallyRide9______ridingthespaceshuttleasanE-ticketexperiencE.●AlthoughthetermnolongerappliestotheDisneymethodofrideadmissionit10______consistentlypopularasapopularphrasE.

Workyourbrain!Between2and3poundsofwonderitcontrolseverythingwesaydoorthinkwhoweareandwhatwecareaboutthewaywewalkorlaughorfigureoutthingswhatwelikeandthetalentswepossesshowweseeandtalkandrunandjumpandprocessourfooD.Thebrainuses20percentofourbody'soxygenand20percentofitsblooD.Somewherewithinitsproteinfat100000milesofbloodvesselsand100billionnervecellsithelpsusrememberwhereweputourgymshoes.Changeourtemperaturesowedon'tdiebecauseoftheheatorcolD.Speedusuporslowusdown.Helpuschoosebetweenorangejuiceororange­flavoreddrinks.ItscomplexityisstunningfarbeyondanythingmostofuscanimaginE.TokeepthisworkofartaspolishedaspossibleweneedtoeatrightexerciseandkeepmentallystimulateD.Goodnutritionhelpsbraincellscommunicatewitheachother.Exercisestimulatesahormoneinourbrainthatimprovesmemory.MentalstimulationkeepsyousharpevenasyouagE.It'sveryimportantthatwetellpeopletobephysicallyactiveandmentallyactivesaidneurologistMalcolmStewart.Peoplecannotstopagingbutyou'reabletoreducethedamage;you'reabletokeepthefunctionup.FollowingareDr.Stewart'sadviceforimprovingbrainhealthlNutritionAvoidfastfooD.Followtheoldadage格言:Forbreakfasteatlikeaking;forlunchlikeaqueen;forsupperlikeabeggar.lExerciseDoacombinationofstretchingaerobicandmuscle­strengtheningeveryday.lMentalgamesTrytohaveasenseofhopeaboutthefuturE.Dopuzzles.ListentomusiC.Reachouttootherstomaketheirlivesbetter.54.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageisto______.A.informushowthebrainworksB.giveusadviceonhowtokeepthebrainhealthyC.tellusthatthebrainplaysanimportantroleinourlivesD.showhowspecialthebrainistous55.ThewordstunninginParagraph5means______.A.interestingB.strangeC.significantD.amazing56.Accordingtothetextmoreexercise______.A.keepsourmindsharpB.helpsimproveourmemoryC.givesourbrainarestD.isgoodforbraincellscommunicatingwitheachother57.Inordertokeepbrainhealthyweshouldavoid______.A.eatingagoodlunchB.doingpuzzlesC.eatingalargesupperD.takingaerobicexercise

MakesomenoiseonMay7forMusicMonday.PeopleintheU.S.andCanadawillbecelebratingthedaybysingingandplayingmusicalinstrumentstogether.MusicMondayisthefirstdayofNationalWannaPlayMusicWeekwhichrunsfromMay7to13.TheNationalAssociationofMusicMerchantsNAMMorganizestheweeklongcelebrationeveryyear.ThismarkstheseventhyeartheorganizationsisteamingupwithCanada’sCoalitionforMusicEduscationCMEthegroupthatstartedMusicMonday.It’sadaytofilltheskieswithmusicandbringyoungpeopletogetherinsongCMEExecutiveDirectorHollyNimmonssaiD.TheCMEstartedMusicMondayin2005.ItisheldeveryyearonthefirstMondayofMay.Itwascreatedtohelppeoplerealizetheimportanceofmusiceducationprogramsinschoolsandincommunities.Thedayalsocelebratesthebenefitsofplayingmusicforpeopleofallages.NAMMresearchestheeffectsofmusiconchildren.TheyfoundthatplayingmusichaspositiveeffectsonthinkingskillsandonconfidencE.Italsohelpskidsgetalongwellwiththeirpeers同龄人.LearningmusicalskillscanalsohelpinyourstudiesofothersubjectssuchasmathreadingandlanguageLoraBodmerwhoworksatNAMMsaiD.Theirstudiesshowthatmusiccanalsohelppeopleformfriendshipsandconnectwithdifferentgroups.NimmonssaysanyonecanjoininonthedaynotjustthosewhoaremusicallygifteD.Ithinkthatweallhavethemusicinusandit’samatterofconfidenceshesaiD.SingwithotherpeopleorbeatdrumsjustenjoythemusiC.Participantscanturnontheradiotojoininthefun.EachyearasongischosenforMusicMonday.ThisyearthesongisTomorrowIsComingbyLukeDoucet.TheCanadianBroadcastingCorporationCBCwillbeplayingthesongat1p.m.EasternTimE.PeopleacrossNorthAmericawillplayorsingthesongattheexactsametimE.Theperformanceismeanttoconnectpeoplethroughmelody旋律.Morethan700000studentstookpartintheconcertlastyear.Schoolsafter-schoolprogramsorganizationsgroupsandindividualsthroughouttheU.SandCanadacanallparticipateinMusicMonday.Studentswhowouldliketoshareinthecelebrationshouldlettheirteacherororganizationleaderknow.ButNAMMalsoencouragespeopletopickupanyinstrumentandplayanytimeontheday.47.WhatcanweknowaboutMusicMondayaccordingtothepassage?A.NationalWannePlayMusicWeekbeginsonMonday.BItisafestivalforyoungpeoplE.C.Itwilllastatleastsevendays.D.Peoplecelebrateittwiceamonth.48.Whichofthefollowingmaybeabenefitofmusictokids?A.Kidscangetridofmanybadhabits.B.Kidsaremorelikelytodowellintheirlessons.C.Kidswouldliketoplaymorewithpeopleofallages.D.KidswillbecomegiftedatmusiC.49.HollyNimmonsprobablyagreesthat__________.A.studentswhoaregoodatmusicarepopularB.PlayingamusicalinstrumentcanshowhowgiftedyouareC.thewaytoparticipateinMusicMondayisimportantD.everyonecanhavefunonMusicMonday50.Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytellus?A.HowpeoplewillcelebrateMusicMonday.B.WhatstudentsshoulddoonMusicMonday.C.WhyathemesongischosenforMusicMonday.D.WherethecelebrationofMusicMondaywillbehelD.

Zerogravitylookscool.Butwhataboutthethingnoonelikestotalkabout?Yesthatisright:goingtobathroom.ZerogravitymakesthiseverydaytaskquiteachallengE.Astronautshavetobetoilet-trainedalloveragain.TheApolloastronautsraisedthemselvesofftheseatoftheirchairsandstuckaclearplasticbagtotheirbacksideswithstickystrips.A.secondastronautwatchedcloselytobesurenowastematterescapedtheseal.Youwouldnotwantthatstufffloatingaroundthecabin!Whenthedeedwasdonetheastronautcleanedupwithapieceofplasticattachedtotheinsideofthebagremovedthebagdroppedadisinfectantpillinwiththewastematterandputthewholethingsealedintoaspecialcontainer.DonaldW.RethkeanengineerforHamiltonStandardSpaceSystemsdevelopedamoreprivatewaytoanswernature’scall:thespacetoilet.Itissomewhatlikethekindoftoiletonewouldfindoncommercialairplanes---withuniqueadaptationsforzerogravityofcoursE.Forinstanceithasthighbarsthatkeeptheastronautfromfloatingofftheseat.Theastronautmaleorfemaledefecates排便inabagandurinates排尿inahosE.Solidandliquidwastesarekeptseparatedbecauseatleast85%oftheurineisrecycledandyesaftercarefulfiltrationusedfordrinkingandotherpurposes.WaterisalwaysindemandinspacE.A.vacuumsucksthewastematerialsintothetoiletwherethewasteiscompactedintohamburger-likepattiesforeasystoragE.Althoughnotexactlylikeanearthboundvisittothetoiletitisattheveryleastmuchmoreprivatethanintheearlydaysofspacetravel.28.Accordingtothefirstparagraphthelackofthegravitycanturnsomethingassimpleas_______intoamajorchallengE.A.eatingB.takingbathsC.sleepingD.answeringnature’scall29.HowdidastronautsusetoiletsystemsintheApollodays?A.Noneofthewastewasseparatedasitisnow.B.SolidwastewascompressedandstoredonboarD.C.Thetoiletunitsusedwatertoremovethewastethroughthesystem.D.Theastronautseachusedtheirownprivaterestroom.30.Toensuretheuserremainsseatedthetoiletcomesequippedwith_______A.aplasticbagB.astickystripC.awidehoseD.athighbar31.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefactthatmostoftheastronauts’urineisrecycled?A.Therecycledwatertastesbetter.B.WaterislimitedonthespaceshuttlE.C.ItisveryconvenienttogettheirurinerecycleD.D.SpacescienceincludesrecyclingurinE.

WhileIwillexplainabitaboutthescienceofstressandrelaxationalittlelaterinthechapterasimplewaytothinkaboutitisthatourbody’sstressresponseworkslikeacaralarm.Itisdesignedtokeepussafebywarningusofthepresenceofdangerinourimmediateenvironment.Butinsteadofwarninguswithaloudandannoyingsoundourbodyalarmsystemletsusknowthatsomethingiswrongbycreatingchangesinourneurochemistry神经化学.Ifyou’veeverexperiencedpaininyourstomachperiodsofextremeangerinabilitytofocusoreveninsomnia失眠chancesareyourbodywaspayingthepriceinthosemomentsforthebrainchemistryofstress.Soifit’ssouncomfortablewhynotjustgetridofstressaltogether?Thisisnotonlyimpracticalitwouldbedangerous.Let’sgobacktothemetaphor比喻说法ofthecaralarm.IfthealarmisturnedoffaltogetherthecarisexposedtocontinualdangerwithouttherebeinganywayofyourknowingaboutituntilitistoolatE.Itwouldbelikewalkingthroughthejunglewithoutanyfearsignalinthepresenceofapoisonoussnakeorotherdangerousanimals—whileitmightfeelnicetobesorelaxedyourbodyactuallyneedsthestressresponsenotonlytoremindyouofdangerbutalsotoofferextraadrenaline肾上腺素foryourheartandextrabloodandoxygenforyourarmsandlegs.Howeverifthecaralarmgoesoffatanytimesomeonejustlooksatthecarwithabitofanatti-tudeanditbecomesequallyuseless.Notonlydowestoppayingattentiontoitbutitbeginstodriveusandeveryonearoundusbecomesalittlebitcrazy.Inthecaseofourbodieswalkingaroundinaconstantstateofalarmalsohassomeprettyalarminghealthconsequenceswhichwewillexploreingreaterdepthinthenextchapter.25.Ourbody'sstressresponseiscomparedtoacaralarminthat_.A.theyworkallthetimeB.theybothgiveasignalC.theyworkinthesamewayD.theybothproduceasound26.Whenourbodyalarmsystemworks_.A.wefeelcalmB.wefeelexcitedC.somechangeshappeninourbrainD.somechangeshappeninourheart27.Whatwouldhappenifstressweregotridofcompletely?A.We'11befreeofworries.B.We'11achieveasenseofsafety.C.We'11reachaperfectstateofminD.D.We'11failtorealizethepossibledanger.28.What’sthepurposeofgivingtheexampleofwalkingthroughtheJungleinParagraph4?A.Toshowtheharmofstress.B.Toshowtheeffectofstress.C.ToexplainthefunctionofstressresponsE.D.ToexplainthenecessityofstressresponsE.

Scientistshaveknownfordecadesthathavingmeasles麻疹suppresseskids’immunesystemsforseveralweeksormonthsleavingthemill-equippedtofightoffpneumoniabronchitisandotherinfections.Nowateamofresearchershassuggestedthatthemeaslesvirusmayalsoleavealonger-lastingsortofimmune-amnesiathatmakesitharderforpeopletostaveoffotherillnessesfortwoyearsormorE.Thatre-emphasizestheimportanceofvaccination疫苗saidbiologistMichaelMinaleadauthorofapaperthatwaspublishedinthejournalScience.Theremaybealong-lastingimpactthatyoucan’tundoifyourchildgetsmeasleshesaiD.Ihopethisstudycanimpressuponpeoplethedangermeaslesposes.TheresearchersusedwhatMinacalledanunconventionalapproachtosearchforthelong-lastingimmunesystemeffects.PreviousworkinmonkeyssuggestedthatmonkeyswiththediseaselostwhitebloodcellstheirbodieshadtrainedtofightoffotherillnessesleavingthemmorelikelytobeinfecteD.Totestifasimilarthingmayoccurinhumansthegroupminedhistoricaldatatofindouttherelationshipbetweenmeaslesincidence发病率anddeathsfromotherinfectiousdiseases.TheyturnedtodatafromEnglandandWales—developednationswherediseaselevelsaregenerallylowallowingaless-confusedviewofmeasles’effects.StudyingmeaslesincidenceanddeathsfrominfectiousdiseasebothbeforeandaftertheintroductionofthemeaslesvaccineintheU.K.inthe1960sMinaandtheteamsawasortofshadoweffectwheredeathsfromavarietyofnon-measlesinfectiousdiseasescloselytrackedmeaslesincidencE.Themoremeaslesinapopulationthemoredeathsfromotherillnessesinthe28-monthperiodthatfolloweD.Reallyitdidn’tmatterwhatagegroupwhatdecadeorwhatcountrysaidMinA.Theyallshowedconsistentresultswhatwe’resuggestinghappensoverthelongtermisthatyourimmunesystemworksfinebutithasforgottenwhatitpreviouslylearneD.Someresearcherswhowerenotinvolvedintheworkquestionedwhetherthereductionsindeathsasmeaslescasesdeclinedmayhavehadmoretodowithimprovingnutritionandsmallerfamilysizethanwithprolongedimmunesuppression.Othersthoughtthepaper’sopinionofyears-longsuppressionwasseeminglyreasonablebutsaidtheycouldnotcommentonthemathematicalmodelsthegroupuseD.ToknowforcertainwhatwasbehindtheeffectthegroupsawMinaagreedscientistswouldneedtolookatimmunecellsandobservetheirbehavior.Hesaidhewouldliketopushtheworkinamoretraditionaldirection:backintothelaboratory.62.WhydidMinacalltheirresearchmethodanunconventionalapproach?A.TheirresearchwasbasedonthehistoricaldatA.B.Theirresearchcomparedmonkeyswithhumans.C.Theyonlypaidattentiontodevelopednations.D.Theydiscoveredasortofshadoweffect.63.AccordingtoMinawhatisthesignificanceoftheirresearch?A.Theywarnedpeoplethatmeaslescanresultinotherinfectiousdiseases.B.Theycarriedouttheresearchonmeaslesinanunconventionalapproach.C.Theyshowedhowdangerousmeaslesisandtheimportanceofvaccination.D.Theyfoundoutthediseaselevelsaregenerallylowindevelopednations..64.TheunderlinedphrasestaveoffinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto________.A.keepawayB.survivefromC.searchforD.turndown65.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?A.MeasleshasbeentheoriginofotherdiseasesanddeathsB.NewresearchconductedintomeasleshasbeenwidelyquestionedC.Studypointstoyears-longimmunesystemmisfortunesfrommeaslesD.Damagecausedbymeaslestotheimmunesystemcouldlastseveralweeks

EarlierthisyearthesocialmediawebsiteFacebookannouncedthatitwouldworkwithseveralnewsorganisations—includingTheNewYorkTimesTheGuardianandtheBBC—toplacenewsstoriesdirectlyintousers’personalFacebookwebpagE.StoriespublishedusingFacebookInstantwillloadmorequicklyandkeepthestyleoftheoriginalpublisherwhowillkeepalltheadvertisingincomethestoriesearn—atleastfornow.Thedealshowshowimportantsocialmediahasbecometonewsorganisationsandisaclearsignofhowtheworldofnewsischanging—andhasbeenforawhilE.WhenGoogleNewsbeganin2002manysawitasthedeathofthenewspaper.Ithadnohumaneditor.InsteadGoogleusedandstillusesasecretcomputerprogramthatselectsanddisplaysnewsstoriesaccordingtothereader’spersonalinterests.MorerecentlyAssociatedPressandYahoo!havebeenpunishingcomputer-writtenarticles.Bothusespecialsoftwaretoautomaticallyproducestoriesaboutcompanyfinancialresultsandsportsreports—areaswherethequalityofwritingisfelttobeofsecondaryimportancetotheaccuracyofthedatA.Shouldwebeworriedaboutsuchdevelopments?IthinkweshoulD.OneconcernisthatfacebookGoogleandothersocialmediawebsitesseejournalismasasidelineawayofputtingpeopleinfrontofadvertisements.Itisn’ttheirprimaryfunction—soifitstopsmakingthemlotsofmoneythey'relikelytostopdoingit.There’salsoaconcernthatcomputer-writtenarticlesarenotactuallyjournalismatallbecausewhatahumannewsteamproducesisactuallyquitecomplex.A.well-writtennewsstoryputsinformationincontextoffersavoicetoeachsideofanargumentandbringsthepublicnewknowledgE.Thougheconomicsandspeedofdeliverymeanreaderswillprobablychooseacomputer-writtenstoryoveracarefullyshapedarticle—atleastfordailynews—Idon'tthinkthecomputerswillbewritinganyin-deptharticlesforawhileyet.12.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?A.ToreportonanewcomputerserviceofferedbyFacebook..B.Toadvisereadersagainstreadingcomputer-writtennews.C.Toexpressconcernaboutrecenttrendsinonlinenews.D.Todescribetheprocessofonlinenewsreporting.13.Computer-writtennewsreportshavesofarfocusedonsportsandfinancebecause________.A.thesearethemostpopulartopicsforonlinereadersB.therearefewerjournalistsspecialisingintheseareasC.informationonthesetopicsismoreeasilyavailableD.writingstyleislessimportantthanaccuracyintheseareas14.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordItinParagraph3referto?A.Journalism.B.Advertising.C.Facebook.D.Business.15.InParagraph4whichofthefollowingismentionedasacharacteristicofawell-writtennewsarticle?A.Theinformationpresentedisup-to-datE.B.Theauthor'sopinionisclear.C.DifferentviewsonthetopicarepresenteD.D.ThelanguageusedisviviD.

Greatwhitesharks!Justhearingthatnamemakesmanypeople’shairstandonend.Inrealitythesebigfishhavemoretofearfromusthanwedofromthem.FormanyyearspeoplekilledcountlessgreatwhitesharksinthewatersaroundtheUnitedStates.Butthankstoconservation保护effortsgreatwhitesaremakingacomebackintheU.S.Tworecentstudiesshowthatthepopulationofthesesharksisrisingalongtheeastandwestcoast.Whyisthegrowingpopulationofakillerfishsomethingtocelebrate?WhenyoufishtoomanyofthemyoustarttolosebalanceintheenvironmentsayssharkresearcherTobeyCurtis.AsthebiggestkillersharkshelpkeepthepopulationsoffishsealsandothercreaturestheyeatfromgrowingtoolargE.Inspiteoftheirimportancegreatwhitesharkshadlongbeenhuntedfortheirmeatandtheirfins鳍.Thenin1997theU.S.governmentpassedalawthatdidn’tallowthehuntingofgreatwhites.AfterwardsthenumbersofthesesharksintheU.S.watersstartedtoincreasE.Thelawwasn’ttheonlythingthathashelpedgreatwhites.Conservationistshavealsoplayedapartinthesharks’comeback.TheresearchgroupOCEARCHisusingamethodcalledtagging加标签tohelpchangepeople’sattitudesaboutgreatwhitE.Theyletthepublicfolloweachsharkasittravelstheworld’soceans.OCEARCHalsogiveseachtaggedsharkanametohelppeopleformacloserconnectionwiththebigfish.Thegroup’smostwell-knownsharkisnamedKatharinE.ShewastaggedlastyearnearCapeCodMassachusetts.SincethenthousandsofpeoplehavetrackedKatharine’smovementsonTwitterandtheOCEARCHwebsitE.Thishelpspeopleseesharksinanewway.ChrisFischerthefounderofOCEARCHbelieveslearningtoappreciategreatwhiteswillencouragepeopletodomoretoprotectthem.28.Theunderlinedpartmakesmanypeople’shairstandonendinParagraph1canbestbereplacedby______.A.worriesmanypeopleB.boresmanypeopleC.frightensmanypeopleD.interestsmanypeople29.Thelawpassedin1997______.A.seemedveryhelpfulB.letscientistsdownC.neededtobechangedD.madepeoplelikegreatwhites30.Katharine’sexampleisusedtoshowthat______.A.greatwhitesareinfactlovelyanimalsB.theOCEARCHwebsitehasalotofvisitorsC.thenumberofgreatwhitesisgrowingquicklyD.OCEARCHhelppeoplegetclosertogreatwhites31.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.A.introduceanexperimentresultB.makeanadvertisementforOCEARCHC.remindusthatbigkillersaredyingoutD.informusthatgreatwhitesaremakingacomeback

TodaymanyspeciesofanimalsandplantsareendangereD.Thismeanstheyareindangerofbecomingextinctandlivingononlyinthepagesofhistorybooks.Thefamousdodoisaclassicexampleofacreaturethatbecameextinct.A.flightlessbirdthatlivedontheislandofMauritiusitwasdiscoveredbysailorsin1598butwashuntedtoextinctionby1681.HuntinghascausedtheBengaltigerandtheAfricanelephanttobeendangeredtodaybuthabitatdestructioncanalsoleadtoextinction.Thisisequallytrueforplants.Animalsandplantsdisappearforotherreasonstoobutthemaincauseisoftenadisruption打乱破坏inthenaturalfoodchainwhetherduetohuntinghabitatdestructionoreventheintroductionofalienspecies.Thenaturalfoodchainisthecyclethatgovernstheexistenceofalllifeonthisplanet.Itisacarefullybalancedcycleandanyimbalancethatoccurscancauseknock-oneffectsthathaveseriousconsequences.Atthebeginningofthenaturalfoodchainareplantswhichturnsunlightintoenergyanddrawnutrientsfromtheearth.Plantsarecalledproducers.Aftertheproducerscometheconsumers.Therearethreetiersofconsumers.Firstarecreaturessuchasplant-eatinganimalsfishandinsectswhichfeedofftheproducers.Theseanimalsthatonlyeatplantsarecalledherbivores.Thesecondtierofconsumersarecarnivores-animalsthatliveoffotheranimals.Thethirdtierofconsumerseatsbothotheranimalsandplants.Theseconsumersincludingmosthumansarecalledomnivores.Afteranimalsandplantsdietheybecomefoodforothersmallercreaturessuchasbacteriaandsomeplantssuchasfungi.Astheyfeedthesecreaturesturnthedeadbodiesbackintogasesandmineralswhichareagainfoodfortheproducersatthebeginningofthefoodchain.Andsothecyclecontinues.AllofnatureisconnectedandgovernedbyhundredsofthesedelicatefoodchainsandifasingleplantinthechaincannotsurvivethentheinsectsthatliveofftheplantstarttodieandtheanimalsthateattheinsectsalsostarttodiE.Whenafoodchainisdisruptedtheconsequencescanbeextremelyserious.Oneestimatesuggeststhatforeachplantspeciesthatislostupto30animalsandinsectsmayalsodieout.Onewondershowmanyspecieswereaffectedbytheextinctionofthedodo?Humanscanhavedisastrouseffectsonfoodchains.We'vealreadymentionedhuntingbutnowlet'slookattravel.Whenpeoplefirststartedtoexploretheworldtheytookplantandanimalspeciesfromtheirhomecountriesandintroducedthemwherevertheywent.Theydidn'trealizethatbyintroducingalienspeciestheyweredisruptingthenaturalfoodchainsoftheareastheydiscovereD.Althoughtherearestrictrulesinplacetodaycontrollingtheimportandexportofalienspeciessomeplacesarestillfightingtheeffectsofaliensintroducedhundredsofyearsago.ForexampleGoughIslandintheSouthAtlanticOceanisabreedinggroundforalbatrossesthathavebeennestingthereforcenturies.Butinthe19thcenturymicefrompassingshipswerebroughttotheislanD.Beingaspeciesalientotheislandtheyhadnonaturalpredatorsandhavenowgrowntosuchasizethattheyareattackingandkillingalbatrosschicks.Iftheyareallowedtocontinuetheywillwipeoutthealbatrosspopulation.Withimportlawsandpeople'srisingawarenessofhowhumansaffectthenaturalenvironmenthopefullywecanlearntofitbetterintothenaturalfoodchainsthatgovernourworlD.Otherwiseweneedtoacceptthatthelossofanymoreplantsandanimalscouldeventuallymeanourownextinction.62.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytellus?A.Huntingandhabitatdestructionleadtoextinction.B.ManyspeciesofanimalsandplantsareendangereD.C.Plantsandanimalsbecomeextinctforthesamereasons.D.Themaincauseofextinctionisoftenadisruptioninthenaturalfoodchain.63.WhichofthefollowingsentenceisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Strictrulesalonecanremovethebadeffectsofalienspecies.B.Plantsherbivoresandcarnivoresarethethreetiersofconsumers.C.IfabirdbecomesextincttherelevantfoodchainwillbedisrupteD.D.AnimalsandplantsbecomeextinctbecausealienspeciesareimporteD.64.BymentioningthemiceinGoughIslandtheauthorintendstohighlight______.A.miceworldwidearegrowingallthetimeB.beingalienstheyhadnonaturalpredatorsC.someplacesarestillfightingtheeffectsofaliensD.travelingcanhavedisastrouseffectsonfoodchains65.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Survivalofthefittest.B.Endangeredanimalsandplants.C.Howtoprotectthenaturalenvironment.D.Thelinkbetweenfoodchainsandextinction.

AccordingtotheUSgovernmentwindfarmsoffthePacificcoastcouldproduce900gigawattsofelectricityeveryyear.Unfortunatelythewaterthereisfartoodeepforeventhetallestwindmillstotouchbottom.AnexperimentunderwayoffthecoastofNorwayhowevercouldhelpputthemanywhere.TheprojectcalledHywindistheworld’sfirstlarge-scaledeepwaterwindturbine涡轮发电机.Althoughitusesafairlystandard152-ton2.3-megawattturbineHywindrepresentstotallynewtechnology.Theturbinewillbefixed213feetabovethewateronafloatingsparatechnologyHywind’screatortheNorwegiancompanyStatoilHydrohasdevelopedrecently.Thesteelsparwhichisfilledwithstonesandgoes328feetbelowtheseasurfacewillbetiedtotheoceanfloorbythreecables;thesewillkeepthesparstableandpreventtheturbinefrommovingupanddowninthewaves.Hywind’sstabilityinthecoldandroughseawouldprovethateventhedeepestcornersoftheoceanaresuitableforwindpower.IfallgoesaccordingtotheplantheturbinewillstartproducingelectricitysixmilesoffthecoastofsouthwesternNorwayasearlyasSeptember.ToproduceelectricityonalargescaleacommercialwindfarmwillhavetousebiggerturbinesthanHywinddoesbutit’sdifficultenoughtobalancesuchalargeturbinesohighonafloatingsparinthemiddleoftheocean.Tomakethatturbineheavierthewholespar’scenterofgravitymustbemovedmuchclosertotheocean’ssurface.Todothatthecompanyplanstodesignanewkindofwindturbineonewhosegearbox变速箱sitsatsealevelratherthanbehindtheblades.Hywindisatestrunbutthebenefitsforperfectingfloatingwind-farmtechnologycouldbeextremelylarge.Outatseathewindisoftenstrongerandsteadierthanclosetoshorewhereallexistingoffshorewindmillsareplanted.Deep-seafarmsareinvisiblefromlandwhichhelpsovercomethewindmill-as-eyesoreobjection.Ifthetechnologycatchesonitwillopenupvastareasoftheplanet’ssurfacetooneofthebestlow-carbonpowersourcesavailable.1.TheHywindprojectusestotallynewtechnologytoensurethestabilityof_________.A..thecableswhichtiethespartotheoceanfloorB..thesparwhichisfloatingindeep-seawaterC..thebladesdrivenbystrongandsteadyseawindD..thestonesfilledinthesparbelowtheseasurface2.Tobalanceabiggerturbinehighonafloatingsparanewtypeofturbineistobedesignedwithitsgearboxsitting_________.A..ontheseafloorB..onthespartopC..atsealevelD..behindtheblades3.Wideapplicationsofdeepwaterwindpowertechnologycan_________.A..solvethetechnicalproblemsofdeepwaterwindmillsB..makefinancialprofitsbyproducingmoreturbinesC..settletheargumentsaboutenvironmentalproblemsD..explorelow-carbonpowerresourcesavailableatsea