Shedding tears(流泪) is a natural way of making us feel more comfortablE.When our eyes are made uncomfortable by some small pieces of pollution, or when we are cutting onions, or when we are exhausted(精疲力竭; 疲劳) and have “red-eyes” from overwork and late hours, tears form in our eyes to clean and refresh them. Tears are also a sign of strong emotion.We cry when we are sad and we cry when we are happy. And tears seem to be uniquely (惟独) human.We know that animals also experience emotion ——fear, pleasure, loneliness——but they do not shed (流) tears.From this, we can conclude that tears are closely related to the emotional and biological make-up(结构；组成) of the human species. Biologically speaking, tears are actually drops of saline fluid, which is a little bit salty, produced by a gland (腺) in the body.Because salt is an important component, tears may actually constitute the most conclusive evidence that the human animal is the end product of a long evolutionary process that began in the seA. And it is clear that, in addition to (除了) the emotional benefits (好处), the shedding of tears has a specific biological function as well.Through tears, we can eliminate from our body certain chemicals which build up in response to stress and create a chemical imbalance(不平衡) in the body.Crying actually makes us feel better by correcting that imbalance and making us feel good again.And thus the emotional and biological functions of tears merge (合并) into one and make us even more “human” than we would otherwise bE. 60、According to the passage, human beings may have originated (起源于) in_______. A. the sea B. the salt C. chemicals D. animals 61、Which of the following is NOT a function of tears? A. Biological B. Emotional C. Political D. Chemical 62、The underlined word “eliminate” probably mean_______. A. add B. produce C. replace D. remove 63、Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. Tears are a sign of strong emotion. B. Tears are always making us feel more comfortablE. C. Tears are uniquely human. D. Tears have certain biological function.

DeathValleyisoneofthemostfamousdesertsintheUnitedStatescoveringawideareawithitssanD.Almost20percentofthisareaiswellbelowsealevelandBadwaterasaltwaterpoolisabout280feetbelowsealevelandthelowestpointintheUnitedStates.LongagotheIndianscalledthisplaceTomesha—thelandoffirE.DeathValley’spresentnamedatesbackto1849whenagroupofminerscomingfromNevadabecamelostinitsunpleasantnessandhugenessandtheiradventureturnedouttobeasadstory.TodayDeathValleyhasbeencalledaNationalMonument遗迹andiscrossedbyseveralwell-markedroadswheregoodservicescanbefoundeasily.Luckilythechangecreatedbyhumansettlementhasscarcely几乎没有ruinedthespecialbeautyofthisplacE.Herenaturecreatedalotofsurprisingsightsalmostlikethesightsonthemoonever-changingasthefrequentwindmovesthesandaboutshowingthemostunusualcolors.OneofthemostastonishingandchangeablepartsofDeathValleyistheDevil’sGolfCoursewhereitseemshardforonetotellrealityfromterribledreams.Sandsculptures沙雕standonafrighteninggroundaseveningshadowsmoveandlengthen.25.Accordingtothefirstparagraph______isthelowestplaceintheUnitedStates.A.TomeshaB.DeathValleyC.NevadaD.Badwater26.DevilGolfCourseisfamousfor_______.A.thefrequentwindB.thecolorsofthesandC.dream-likesightsD.thesandsculptures27.Fromthepassagewecanseethatthewriter_______theDeathValley.A.appreciatesB.isfearfulofC.dislikesD.istiredof

Thebabyisjustonedayoldandhasnotyetlefthospital.Sheisquietbutalert警觉.Twentycentimetersfromherfaceresearchershaveplacedawhitecardwithtwoblackspotsonit.Shestaresatitcarefully.A.researcherremovesthecardandreplacesitbyanotherthistimewiththespotsdifferentlyspaceD.Asthecardschangefromonetotheotherhergaze凝视startstoloseitsfocus—untilathirdwiththreeblackspotsispresenteD.Hergazereturns:shelooksatitfortwiceaslongasshedidatthepreviouscarD.Canshetellthatthenumbertwoisdifferentfromthreejust24hoursaftercomingintotheworld?Ordonewbornssimplyprefermoretofewer?Thesameexperimentbutwiththreespotsshownbeforetwoshowsthesamereturnofinterestwhenthenumberofspotschanges.Perhapsitisjustthenewness?Whenslightlyolderbabieswereshowncardswithpicturesofobjectsacombakeyanorangeandsoonchangingthenumberofobjectshadaneffectseparatefromchangingtheobjectsthemselves.Coulditbethepatternthattwothingsmakeasopposedtothree?Noagain.Babiespaidmoreattentiontosquaresmovingrandomlyonascreenwhentheirnumberchangedfromtwotothreeorthreetotwo.Theeffectevencrossesbetweensenses.Babieswhowererepeatedlyshowntwospotsbecamemoreexcitedwhentheythenheardthreedrumbeatsthanwhentheyheardjusttwo;likewise同样地whentheresearchersstartedwithdrumbeatsandmovedtospots.4.TheexperimentdescribedinParagraph1isrelatedtothebaby’s________.A.senseofhearingB.senseofsightC.senseoftouchD.senseofsmell5.Babiesaresensitivetothechangein________.A.thesizeofcardsB.thecolorofpicturesC.theshapeofpatternsD.thenumberofobjects6.Whydidtheresearcherstestthebabieswithdrumbeats?A.Toreducethedifficultyoftheexperiment.B.Toseehowbabiesrecognizesounds.C.Tocarrytheirexperimentfurther.D.Tokeepthebabies’interest.7.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Sciencefiction.B.Children’sliteraturE.C.Anadvertisement.D.A.sciencereport.

AcriticallyendangeredspeciesofrhinoisnowextinctinVietnamaccordingtoareportbyconservationgroups.WWFandtheInternationalRhinoFoundationsaidthecountry’slastJavanrhinowasprobablykilledbypoachers偷猎者asitshornhadbeencutoff.ExpertssaidthenewswasnotasurpriseasonlyonesightinghadbeenrecordedinVietnamsince2008.Fewerthan50individualsarenowestimatedtoremaininthewilD.ItispainfulthatdespitesignificantinvestmentinVietnameserhinoconservationeffortsfailedtosavethisuniqueanimalsaidWWF’sVietnamesedirector.VietnamhaslostpartofitsnaturalheritagE.Expertssaidgeneticanalysisofdung粪便samplescollectedbetween2009-2010intheCatTienNationalParkshowedthattheyallbelongedtojustoneindividual.ShortlyafterthesurveywascompletedconservationistsfoundoutthattherhinohadbeenkilleD.Theysaiditwaslikelytohavebeentheworkofpoachersbecauseithadbeenshotinaleganditshornhadbeencutoff.Globallytherehasbeenasharpincreaseinthenumberofrhinopoachingcases.EarlierthisyeartheInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureIUCNpublishedareportthatsaidrhinopopulationsinAfricawerefacingtheirworsepoachingcrisisfordecades.AnassessmentcarriedoutbyTRAFFICtheglobalwildlifetrademonitoringnetworksaidtheincreaseintheillegaltradeinrhinohornswasbeingdrivenbydemandsfromAsianmedicinalmarkets.TheVietnameserhino.aswellasbeingthelastofthespeciesonmainlandAsiawasalsothesecondsubspeciesthedisappearfollowingtheextinctionoftheIndianJavanrhino.28.WhydidpeoplethinkpoachershadkilledVietnam’slastJavanrhino?A.BecauseitwasshotintheheaD.B.BecauseithaditshornremoveD.C.BecauseithaditsskinremoveD.D.Becauseitsteethweremissing.29.WhatdidexpertssayabouttheJavanrhino?A.Morethan50JavanrhinosareestimatedtolivE.B.TheextinctionoftheVietnameserhinosurprisedthem.C.After2009theremightbeonlyoneJavanrhinoinVietnam.D.Vietnamhasn’tinvestedenoughinJavenrhinoconservation.30.Whatisindicatedinthelasttwoparagraphs?A.RhinohornsareofgreatmedicalvaluE.B.VietnameserhinosexistinotherAsiancountries.C.RhinosinAfricaarenowbeingbetterprotecteD.D.Thereisadeclineintheillegaltradeinrhinohorns.31.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.TimetoprotecttheJavanrhinoinVietnamB.Javanrhinos-anendangeredanimalC.VietnamruineditsnaturalheritageD.JavanrhinosareextinctinVietnam

Woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthatlikeanimalstreescommunicatewitheachotherandpassontheirwealthtothenextgeneration?UBCProfessorSimardexplainshowtreesaremuchmorecomplexthanmostofuseverimagineD.AlthoughCharlesDarwinthoughtthattreesarecompetingforsurvivalofthefittestSimardshowsjusthowwronghewas.Infacttheoppositeistrue:treessurvivethroughtheirco-operationandsupportpassingaroundnecessarynutritiondependingonwhoneedsit.Nitrogen氮andcarbonaresharedthroughmilesofundergroundfungi真菌networksmakingsurethatalltreesintheforestecologicalsystemgiveandreceivejusttherightamounttokeepthemallhealthy.Thishiddensystemworksinaverysimilarwaytothenetworksofneurons神经元inourbrainsandwhenonetreeisdestroyeditaffectsall.SimardtalksaboutmothertreesusuallythelargestandoldestplantsonwhichallothertreesdepenD.Sheexplainshowdyingtreespassonthewealthtothenextgenerationtransportingimportantmineralstoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.Whenhumanscutdownmothertreeswithnoawarenessofthesehighlycomplextreesocietiesorthenetworksonwhichtheyfeedwearereducingthechancesofsurvivalfortheentireforest.Wedidn'ttakeanynoticeofit.Simardsayssadly.DyingtreesmovenutritionintotheyoungtreesbeforedyingbutwenevergivethemchancE.IfwecouldputacrossthemessagetotheforestryindustrywecouldmakeahugedifferencetowardsourenvironmentalprotectioneffortsforthefuturE.10.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.OldTreesCommunicateLikeHumansB.YoungTreesAreInNeedOfProtectionC.TreesContributeToOurSocietyD.TreesAreMoreComplexThanYouThink11.InSimard'sopiniontrees_______.A.competeforsurvivalB.protecttheirownwealthC.dependoneachotherD.providesupportfordyingtrees12.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.mothertreesareusuallyofnousetoothertrees.B.CharlesDarwinhadthesamethoughtasSimarD.C.ifmothertreesarecutdownthesurvivalfortheentireforestwillbeaffecteD.D.peopleknowmuchaboutthecomplextreesocieties.13.Theunderlinedworditinthelastparagraphrefersto.A.howtreesocietiesworkB.howtreesgrowoldC.howforestryindustrydevelopsD.howyoungtreessurvive

TheInternethasbecomepartofteenagelifE.A.newreporton3375studentsagedfrom10to18insevenChinesecitiesfoundthat38percentofthembelievetheyusetheInternetoften.WhilemostofthemgetusefulinformationandusetheInternettohelpintheirstudiessomearenotusingitinagoodway.InordertohelpyoungpeopleusetheInternetinagoodwayatextbookongoodInternetbehaviorhasstartedtobeusedinsomeShanghaimiddleschoolsthisterm.ThebookusesrealexamplestoteachstudentsallaboutgoodwaysofusingtheInternet.Thebookgivesusefuladvicesuchasitbeinggoodtoreadnewsorfindhelpfulinformationtostudy.Somestudentsalsomakeonlinefriends.Butifyouaremeetingafriendofflinemakesureyourparentsknow.Teachersandparentsallthinkthebookisofgreathelp.A.teachersaidthebookwouldbeaguideforteensusingtheInternet.Shebelievesitwillkeepstudentsawayfrombadsites.ManystudentsareusingtheInternetwithoutguidancefromtheirparentsshesaiD.ThebookwillteachstudentshowtobeagoodpersonintheonlineworlD.45.Thetextbookmainlytellsus________.A.whyweshouldusetheInternetB.howtostudyusingtheInternetC.howtousetheInternetcorrectlyD.howtogethelpfromothers46.What’stheattitudeofteachersandparentstowardsthetextbook?A.Theyareagainstit.B.Theyareforit.C.Theydon’tcareaboutit.D.Thepassagedoesn’tmention.47.AccordingtothepassageteenagersareNOTencouragedto________.A.readonlinenewsB.goonlineC.findhelpfulinformationonlineD.meetafriendofflinewithoutlettingtheirparentsknow48.Fromthispassageweknowthat________.A.moreandmorestudentshavegivenupvisitingbadsitesB.schoolsandteachersbegintopayattentiontostudents’useoftheInternetC.nomorehomeworkwillbegiveninShanghaimiddleschoolsD.lessandlessinformationcanbefoundonline

ElderlyadultswhoregularlydrinkgreenteamaystaymoresharpandindependentthantheirpeersovertimeaccordingtoaJapanesestudythatcoveredthousandsofpeoplE.GreenteacontainsantioxidantchemicalsthatmayhelpstopthecelldamagethatcanleadtodiseasE.Researchershavebeenstudyinggreentea'seffectoneverythingfromcholesterol胆固醇totheriskofcertaincancerswithmixedresultssofar.Theyfoundthosewhodrankthemostgreenteaweretheleastlikelytodevelop''functionaldisability''orproblemswithdailyactivitiesorbasicneedssuchasdressingorbathing.Specificallyalmost13percentofadultswhodranklessthanacupofgreenteaperdaybecamefunctionallydisabledcomparedwithjustover7percentofpeoplewhodrankatleastfivecupsaday.Thestudydidnotprovethatgreenteaalonekeptpeoplesharpastheygrewolder.Green-tealoversgenerallyhadhealthierdietsincludingmorefishvegetablesandfruitaswellasmoreeducationlowersmokingratesfewerheartattacksandstrokesandgreatermentalsharpness.Theyalsotendedtobemoresociallyactiveandhavemorefriendsandfamilytorelyon.ButevenwiththosefactorsaccountedforgreenteaitselfwastiedtoalowerdisabilityrisktheresearcherssaiD.Peoplewhodrankatleastfivecupsadaywereone-thirdlesslikelytodevelopdisabilitiesthanthosewhohadlessthanacupperday.Thosepeoplewhoaveragedthreeorfourcupsadayhada25percentlowerrisk.Althoughit'snotclearhowgreenteamighthelpagainstdisabilityTomata'steamdidnotethatonerecentstudyfoundgreenteaextracts提取物seemtoincreaselegmusclestrengthinolderwomen.WhilegreenteaanditsextractsareconsideredsafeinsmallamountstheydocontaincaffeineandsmallamountsofvitaminKwhichmeansitcouldaffectdrugsthatpreventbloodclotting凝固.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword''peer''meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Father.B.Brother.C.A.personofthesameagE.D.A.personlivinginthesameneighborhooD.32.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.AntioxidantchemicalscanleadtodiseasE.B.Thosewhooftendrankgreenteacan’tdevelop''functionaldisability''.C.''Functionaldisability''isrelatedtoproblemswithdailyactivitiesorbasicneeds.D.PeoplewhodrankatleastfivecupsadayarenotlikelytobecomefunctionallydisableD.33.Whatdoesthefifthparagraphmainlytellus?A.HowthestudywasproveD.B.Whygreentea-loverscankeepsharp.C.WhathealthierdietsincludE.D.Howtolowerdisabilityrisk.34.WhathavetheResearchersdiscovered?A.Thosewhodrankgreenteacan'tdevelop''functionaldisability''.B.Greenteaalonekeptpeoplesharpastheygrewolder.C.Howgreenteamighthelpagainstdisability.D.Greenteaextractsseemtoincreaselegmusclestrengthinolderwomen.35.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat______.A.vitaminKiscontainedincaffeineB.vitaminKisgoodforourbloodC.vitaminKisbadforourhealthD.vitaminKisinfluencingonsomedrugs

Doyoueverwonderwhytreesbegintobud发芽earlierinsomecities?Scientistsfinallyfoundtheanswerbutit’snotverypleasant.Newsciencesuggestsarelationshipbetweenlightpollutionandthetimingwhentreesproducebudswhichsignalsthearrivalofthespringseason.LightpollutionisdefinedbytheLightingResearchCenterastheunwantedconsequenceofoutdoorlightingsuchasstreetlights.Excessive过多的man-madelightatnightresultsindisturbednaturalcyclesandalsopreventstheobservationofstarsandplanetsatnight.Butitseffectontheenvironmentgoesbeyondthat.Bystudyingsometreesresearchersfoundoutthattreesthataremoreexposedtoartificiallightingatnightbudupto7.5daysearlierthanthoseatthenaturalnighttimesetting.Andtheyfoundoutthatlighthadamoresignificanteffectthantemperaturewhenthebudscameout.Theearlybuddingmaycauseproblemsforinsectswhichfeedonleavesandthebirdswhichthenfeedontheminturn.ProfessorRichardFfrench-Constantwhohelpedleadtheresearchexplainedthatmorethanthebuddingoftreesthestudyimpliesthedangertothebalanceoftheecosystem.Atthemomentcaterpillars毛毛虫aretimedtohatchtomakethemostoftheopportunitiestofeedonfreshlybuddedleavesandbirdshatchintimetofeedontheyoungcaterpillarhesaiD.Migratory迁徙的birdsarealsonegativelyaffectedbylightpollution.TheglaremightconfusethemandmakethemlosetheirflyingsensE.Thephenomenonmightexplainwhysomebirdsaccidentallyknockintobuildings.Suchresultsstresstheneedtopursuestudiesthataimtomeasuretheeffectoflightpollution.Iftheissuewerelefttocontinueitisestimatedthatby2100springwouldbeginalmostafullmonthearlierthanitdoestoday.12.Whatwillhappenifthereistoomuchman-madelight?A.People’seyesightwillbedamageD.B.TheecosystemwilllikelyloseitsbalancE.C.Nostarsorplanetsmaybeobservedatnight.D.Animals’livinghabitsmaychangesuddenly.13.Howdoestheearlybuddingaffectinsectsorplants?A.Itwillcausetherisingnumberofinsects.B.Itcouldleadtotreesgrowingfewerleaves.C.Itmayresultinsomeinsectsgoinghungry.D.Itmightpushinsectstohatchmoreslowly.14.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A.TheeffectoflightpollutionisdestructivE.B.Thespringof2100willbecomemuchlonger.C.Lightpollutionshouldbetakenseriously.D.A.furtherstudyonlightpollutionisscheduleD.15.Whatisthesuitabletitleforthepassage?A.WhyspringcomesearlierinsomecitiesB.WhylightpollutionneedstobestudiedC.Howtrees’earlybuddingtakesplaceD.Howmuchlightistoomuch

Hummingbirds蜂鸟areoneofnature’smostenergeticfliersandtheonlybirdstohover盘旋intheairbyrelyingontheirstrengthalonE.Nowscientistshavefoundthatitistheratio比值ofthebird’swinglengthtoitswidththatmakesthemsoefficient.Thediscoveryishelpingexpertscompetewith42millionyearsofnaturalselectiontobuildhelicoptersthatareincreasinglyefficient.DavidLentinkanassistantprofessoratStanfordUniversityinCaliforniatestedwingsfrom12differentspeciesofhummingbirdswhichhesourcedfrommuseums.Heplacedthemonamachineusedtotesttheaerodynamics气力学ofthehelicopterblades桨叶.ProfessorLentink’steamusedthesamemachinetotestthebladesfromanadvancedmicro-helicopterusedbytheUK’sarmy.Theyfoundthatthemicro-helicopter’sbladesareasefficientathoveringastheaveragehummingbirds.Butwhilethemicro-helicopter’sbladeskeptpacewiththeaveragehummingbirdwingstheycouldnotkeepupwiththemostefficienthummingbird’swing.ThewingsofAnna’shummingbirdwerefoundtobeabout27percentmoreefficientthantheman-mademicro-helicopter’sblades.WhileProfessorLentinkwasn’tsurprisedatnature’ssuperiorityhesaidthathelicopterbladeshavecomealongway.ThetechnologyisatthelevelofanaveragehummingbirdhesaiD.AhelicopterisreallythemostefficienthoveringdevicethatwecanbuilD.ThebesthummingbirdsarestillbetterbutIthinkit’samazingthatwe’regettingcloser.It’snoteasytomatchtheirperformancebutifwebuildbetterwingswithbettershapeswemightmatchhummingbirds.ProfessorLentinksaidthatwedon’tknowhowhummingbirdsmaintaintheirflightinastrongwindhowtheynavigate确定方向throughbranchesorhowtheychangedirectionsoquickly.Hethinksthatgreatstepscouldbemadebystudyingwingaspectratios-theratioofwinglengthtowingwidth.Understandingtheseabilitiesandcharacteristicscouldbeabenefitforroboticsandwillbethefocusoffutureexperiments.29.Whatdidthescientistsfindabouthummingbirds?A.TheirwingsarelongandwideB.TheycanhoverintheairforalongtimeC.TheratiooftheirwinglengthtowingwidthisveryimportantD.Theyarethemostenergeticflierinnature30.WhichistherightorderofProfessorLentink’sresearch?①Testedwingsfromdifferentspeciesofhummingbirds②Gotresourcesfrommuseums③Analyzedtheresultsanddrewaconclusion④Testedthebladesfromamicro-helicopterA.①②③④B.②①③④C.②④①③D.②①④③35.AccordingtoProfessorLentinkwhatwillbethefocusoffutureexperiments?A.ToknowhowhummingbirdscanflyinastrongwindB.ToknowhowhummingbirdschangedirectionsoquicklyC.TodevelopanewkindofhelicopterD.Tostudythesecretsofhummingbirds

Harvardresearchershavecreatedatoughlow-costbiodegradable可生物降解的materialinspiredbyinsectshardoutershells.ThematerialsinventorssayithasanumberofpossibleusesandsomedaycouldprovideamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyalternativetoplastiC.Thematerialmadefromshrimp虾shellsandproteinsproducedfromsilkiscalledshrilk.Itisthinclearflexibleandstrong.Amajorbenefitofthematerialisitsbiodegradability.Plasticstoughnessandflexibilityrepresentedarevolutioninmaterialsscienceduringthe1950sand60s.Decadeslaterhoweverplasticsverydurability耐用性israisingquestionsabouthowappropriateitisforone-timeproductssuchasplasticbagsorshort-livedconsumergoodsusedinthehomeforafewyearsandthencastintoalandfillwheretheywilldegradeforcenturies.Whatisthepointofmakingsomethingthatlasts1000years?Shrilknotonlywilldegradeinalandfillbutitsbasiccomponentsareusedasfertilizer肥料andsowillenrichthesoil.ShrilkhasgreatpotentialtheinventorssaiD.Materialsfromwhichitismadeareplentifulinnaturefoundineverythingrangingfromshrimpshellsinsectbodiestolivingplants.Thatmakesshrilklowcostanditsmassproductionpossibleshoulditbeusedforproductsdemandingalotofmaterial.WorkonshrilkiscontinuinginthelaB.Theinventorssaidthematerialbecomesflexiblewhenwetsotheyreexploringwaystouseitinwetenvironments.Theyrealsodevelopingsimplerproductionprocesseswhichcouldbeusedfornon-medicalproductslikeforcomputercasesandotherproductsinsidethehomE.Theyreevenexploringcombiningitwithothermaterialslikecarbonfiberstogiveitnewproperties.11:ParagraphIofthepassageismainlyaboutshritks_____.A.remarkabledesignB.interestingnameC.majorcharacteristicsD.basicelements12:Whathasbecomeaconcernaboutplastic?A.Usingitproperly.B.Producingitcheaply.C.Developingitspropertiesquickly.D.Evaluatingitscontributionsfairly.13:Accordingtotheinventorsshrilkhasgreatpotentialpartlybecause_____.A.itcanhelpplasticdegradeB.itcanbefoundinlivingthingsC.itsmassproductionhasbeenrealizedD.itsrawmaterialsareabundantinnature14:Whataretheinventorsdoinginthelab?A.Replacingcarbonfiberswithshrilk.B.Testingahrilksuseinwetconditions.C.Makingshrilkoutofusedhouseholdgoods.D.Improvingshrilksflexibilityformedicalpurposes.15:Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.RecentProgressinEnvironmentalProtectionB.BenefitsofInsectsinScientificResearchC.TheHarmofOne-timeProductsD.APossibleAlternativetoPlastic

EversinceDonaldTrumpwaselectedthenextpresidentoftheUStheentireTrumpfamilyhasbeenputunderamicroscope显微镜.InChinathespotlighthasbeenmainlyfocusedonTrumpandhisdaughterIvankA.SheisdescribedonWeChatasanextremelyinfluentialrolemodelwithstunningbeautyasuccessfulcareerandahappyfamily.Sheleadsadreamlifethatamilliongirlswouldkillfor.Yesshewasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth.Butshegotwheresheisbyherself.There’salwaysgoingtobearticlesthatsaypeoplebornintowealthyfamiliesarebetterlookingandhaveabetterfamilybackgroundthanyoubutthesepeopledoworkharderthanyou.Areyoualoserifyouwereraisedinanordinaryfamily?ShouldyoufeelguiltythatyousleepeighthoursadaybecauseIvankasleepsfive?Ifyoujustwanttokeepastable稳定的nine-to-fivejobdoesitmeanyouarenotambitious?Howaboutifyoudon’tworkoutoreathealthydoesthatmeanyouwillnotfindyourMr.orMissRight?Thereisatendencyinmedianowadaystoencourageelitism精英主义.Theyaretryingtobrainwashyoungpeopleintothinkingthattheyshouldinvest投资alargeamountoftimeandmoneyinbodybuildingandappearancE.Theyencouragelifestylemakeovers:winetastingclassesandexpensivetripsoverseas.Theymakeyoubelievethatifyoudoastheysayyoucanimprovethequalityofyourlifeandjointheelites社会精英.Butwhat’sthedownsideofbeingordinary?Doyoureallyneedtogotothegymfivedaysaweek?Doyouneedtotakehundredsofselfies自拍andPhotoshoptheselectedonestopostonWeChat?Doyoureallyneedtobreakyourneckandsacrificetoearnyourfirstpotofgoldonlytoworryconstantlyabouthowtoenterhighsocietylater?Don’tlettheideaofelitismgettoyou.Everybodyhasarighttothelifetheywant.Humanbeingsshouldnotbejudgedasasuccessorfailurebasedonwhethertheyareapartoftheeliteornot.Aslongasyouleadahappyandcomfortablelifewhybothertochaseafterotherpeople’sshadows?Chooseyourownlifepathandgoforit.12.WhydoesIvankabecomeahitonlineinthewriter’sopinion?A.Shelivessuchadreamlifethatamilliongirlswouldliketokillher.B.Shegetswhatshehasthroughpersonaleffortsdespiterichorigin.C.ShehasabetterfamilybackgroundthanordinarypeoplE.D.SheisarolemodelfrequentlyseenamongordinarypeoplE.13.Whichofthefollowingareconsideredasalifebelongingtotheelites?①Polishandpostcarefully-selectedselfiesonWeChat.②BreakyournecktoearnyourfirstpotofgolD.③SparenoefforttoimprovephysicalappearancE.④Signupforwinetastingclassesandoverseatrips.A.③④B.②④C.②③D.①④14.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat____________.A.Ivankasleepingfivehoursadaymakesthemajorityofpeopleguilty.B.Keepingastablenine-to-fivejobwillbethoughtofasaloser.C.Improvingthequalityoflifewillhelpyouenterhighsociety.D.Joiningtheelitesiswhatmoreandmorepeopledreamofnowadays.15.Whichattitudetowardslifewouldthewriterprobablyagreewith?...A.Lifeislikeadogsledteam.Ifyouaren’ttheleaddogthesceneryneverchanges.B.Lifeisnotinholdinggoodcardsbutinplayingthoseyouholdwell.C.Thereisonlyonesuccess—tobeabletospendyourlifeinyourownway.D.Thegreatestlessoninlifeistoknowthatevenfoolsarerightsometimes.

TheIsraelifarmerswhopioneeredtherevolutionarytechnologyknownasdripirrigationweren’ttryingtosolveoneoftheworld’smosturgentproblems.Theywerejusttryingtosurvive.Theylivedinthedesertandtheydidn’thaveenoughwatertogrowtheircrops.Initssimplestformitwaslittlemorethanapipewithholesinit.Butbehindeachholewasahi-techdripperthatletoutjusttherightamountofwater.Snakedalongarowofcropssothattheholeswerepositioneddirectlyabovetherootsthepipecoulddirecteachpreciousdropofwaterdirectlytotheplantsgettingabiggerharvestwhileusingaverysmallamountofthewater.Overtimethefarmersimproveduponthetechnologyperfectingthedrippersthatregulatedtheflowofwaterandconnectingthepipelinestocomputersthatcoulddetermineexactlyhowmuchwatereachplantneededandwhen.Iftheglobalpopulationkeptgrowingtherestoftheworldwouldincreasinglyresembletheirlittlecommunityinthedesert.Sotheybegansellingtheirirrigationsystemsinotherpartsoftheworldeventuallyexpandingtomorethan110countries.Netafirmthecompanysaysit’sliftingpeopleoutofpovertyandconservingwateratatimewhentheimportanceofdoingsohasneverbeenclearer.Themassadoptionofdripirrigationwon’tsavetheworldbyitself.Toavoidthecomingcatastrophenearlyeverybodywillinsomewayhavetodomorewithlessperhapsthroughacceptingandusingothernewtechnologies.Otherwiseit’sgoingtogetugly.12.Whyisdripirrigationcalledtherevolutionarytechnology?A.Itsavestheworldallbyitself.B.Itiscontrolledbycomputers.C.Itmakesirrigationmoreeffective.D.Itprovidesdesertswithwater.13.Whatdoesoneoftheworld’smosturgentproblemsinParagraphlreferto?A.lackingwater.B.lackinglabor.C.lackingfood.D.lackingenergy.14.Howdoesthedripirrigationhelpfarmerswithcrops?A.Bydrillingholesonthepipes.B.Byregulatingwaterviadrippers.C.Bysnakingpipesalongthecrops.D.Byplacingpipesjustaboveroots.15.WhichofthefollowingwillbethebestsloganforNetafirmtoselltheirrigationsystems?A.LesswaterMoreharvest.B.NewtechnologyNewworld.C.MoregrainLessstarvation.D.WatersavingWorldsurviving.

TelevisionhaschangedthelifestyleofpeopleineveryindustrializedcountryintheworlD.IntheUnitedStateswheresociologistshavestudiedtheeffectssomeinterestingobservationshavebeenmadE.Televisionalthoughnotessentialhasbecomeanimportantpartofmostpeople’slives.Italterspeople’swaysofseeingtheworld;inmanywaysitsupportsandsustains维持modernlifE.Televisionhasbecomeababy-sitteranintroducerofconversationsthemajortransmitterofcultureandakeeperoftradition.YetwhenwhatcanbeseenonTVinonedayiscriticallyanalyzeditbecomesevidentthattelevisionisnotateacherbutasustainer;thepoorqualityofprogrammingdoesnotelevate提高peopleintogreaterunderstandingbutrathermaintainsandencouragesthelifeasitexists.TheprimaryreasonforthelackofqualityinAmericantelevisionisrelatedtoboththehistoryofTVprogrammingdevelopmentandtheeconomicsofTV.TelevisioninAmericabeganwiththeradio.Radiocompaniesandtheirsponsorsfirstexperimentedwithtelevision.ThereforethecloserelationshipwhichtheadvertisershadwithradioprogramsbecamethesystemforAmericanTV.Sponsorsnotonlypaidmoneyfortimewithinprogramsbutmanyactuallyproducedtheprograms.ThusinAmericansocietytelevisionisprimarilyconcernedwithreflectingandattractingsocietyratherthanexperimentingwithnewideas.AdvertiserswanttoattractthelargestviewingaudiencepossiblE.Todosorequiresthattheprogramsbeentertainingratherthaneducationalattractiveratherthanchallenging.TelevisioninAmericatodayremainstoalargeextentwiththesameorganizationandstandardsasithadthirtyyearsago.Thehopeforfurtherdevelopmentandtrueachievementtowardimprovingsocietywillrequireachangeintheentiresystem.32.AccordingtotheauthorAmericantelevisionispoorinqualitybecause_________.A.itiscontrolledbyradiocompaniesB.theprogramshavetobedevelopedpartlyforeconomicreasonsC.advertisersareinterestedinexperimentingwithnewideasD.itisstillatanearlystageofdevelopmentcomparedwiththeradio33.Intheauthor’sviewAmericanTVshould_________.A.beentertainingandattractiveB.reflectsocietyandattractsocietyC.maintainandencouragethelifeasitexistsD.changewiththedevelopmentofsociety34.BasedonthepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.TVhasbecomeamustintheAmerican’slifE.B.OnecanexpecttoimprovehisunderstandingsignificantlyfromwatchingTV.C.AmericanTVisimportanttomostpeopleasitaffectstheirlifeinmanyways.D.AmericanTVnowadayshassomedifferentstandardsfromthepast.35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsAmericantelevisionis_________.A.negativeB.positiveC.indifferentD.sympathetic

Whydosomepeoplelivetobeolderthanothers?Youknowthestandardexplanations:keepingamoderatedietengaginginregularexerciseetC.Butwhateffectdoesyourpersonalityhaveonyourlongevity?Dosomekindsofpersonalitiesleadtolongerlives?AnewstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestionbyexaminingthepersonalitycharacteristicsof246childrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleast100.Thestudyshowsthatthoselivingthelongestaremoreoutgoingmoreactiveandlessneurotic神经质的thanotherpeoplE.Long-livingwomenarealsomorelikelytobesympatheticandcooperativethanwomenwithanormallifespan.Thesefindingsareinagreementwithwhatyouwouldexpectfromtheevolutionarytheory:thosewholiketomakefriendsandhelpotherscangatherenoughresourcestomakeitthroughtoughtimes.Interestinglyhoweverothercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytolivelonger.Thosewhoweremoreself-disciplinedforinstancewerenomorelikelytolivetobeveryolD.Alsobeingopentonewideashadnorelationshiptolonglifewhichmightexplainallthosebad-temperedoldpeoplewhoarefixedintheirways.WhetheryoucansuccessfullychangeyourpersonalityasanadultisthesubjectofalongstandingpsychologicaldebatE.ButthenewpapersuggeststhatifyouwantlonglifeyoushouldstrivetobeasoutgoingaspossiblE.Unfortunatelyanotherrecentstudyshowsthatyourmother’spersonalitymayalsohelpdetermineyourlongevity.Thatstudylookedatnearly28000Norwegianmothersandfoundthatthosemomswhoweremoreanxiousdepressedandangryweremorelikelytofeedtheirkidsunhealthydiets.Patternsofchildhoodeatingcanbehardtobreakwhenwe’readultswhichmaymeanthatkidsofdepressedmomsendupdyingyounger.Personalityisn’tdestiny命运andeveryoneknowsthatindividualscanlearntochangE.Butbothstudiesshowthatlonglifeisn’tjustamatterofyourphysicalhealthbutofyourmentalhealth.32.WhatfindingofthestudymightprovesomewhatoutofourexpectationA.HelpfulpeoplecanlivearelativelylonglifE.B.Readinesstoacceptnewideasoffermorepossibilitytoenjoylongevity.C.Beingself-disciplinemakesnodifferencetolongevity.D.Personalitycharacteristicsthatproveadvantageousactuallyvarywithtimes.33.Accordingtotheauthoroutgoingandsympathcticpeople_______.A.haveagoodunderstandingofevolution.B.aremorelikelytorecoverfromhardship.C.areprobablymoreactiveandneurotiC.D.generallyappearmoreresourceful.34.WhatdoestherecentstudyofNorwegianmothersshowA.Children’spersonalitycharacteristicsarealwayssharedbytheirmothers.B.PeoplewithunhealthyeatinghabitsarelikelytodieatayoungagE.C.Mothers’mayhavealongerinfluenceonchildrenthanfathers’.D.Mothers’ancientmayaffecttheirchildren’slifespans.35.WhatcanwelearnfromthefindingsofthetwonewstudiesA.Amixtureofmentalandphysicalhealthproduceslongevity.B.Aperson’slifestyleislargelyrelatedtohisorherhealth.C.Personalityplaysadecisiveandsignificantroleinhowhealthyoneis.D.Anxietyanddepressionmoreoftenthannotcutshortone’slifespan.

TherecoveryoftradefollowingtheMiddleAgesinEuroperesultedinademandforgoodsfromAsiA.TraderouteswereestablishedacrosstheMediterraneanandthroughtheMiddleEasttohandlethisneeD.ButwhentheexpansionoftheOttomanEmpirecauseddestructionalongtheseroutesEuropeanswereforcedtoseekalternativewaysofimportingthesegoods.Intheearly1400sEuropeansbeganexploringthewestcoastofAfricainsearchofanallwaterroutetoAsiA.TheseearlyexplorationswereledbythePortuguesE.In1488BartholomeuDiasroundedtheCapeofGoodHope好望角atthesoutherntipofAfricA.In1498VascoDaGamaestablishedanallwaterroutetoIndiA.ThesuccessoftheseexplorationsledSpaintobeginitsownvoyages.In1492ChristopherColumbuscrossedtheAtlanticOceananddiscoveredtheAmericasforSpain.In1519supportedbySpainFerdinandMagellanstartedonavoyagewestwarD.HefoundasouthernroutearoundSouthAmericaandcametothePacificOcean.SailingwesthelandedinthePhilippineIslandswherehewaskilledinafightwiththepeopletherE.ThesediscoverieshadalastingimpactonEuropeAsiaAfricaandtheAmericas.EuropeannationscompetedforcoloniesacrosstheglobE.ThesecolonieswereexploitedfortheirrawmaterialsandusedasnewmarketsforEuropeangoods.EuropeanshadlittleregardformostofthenativepeoplesoftheseareasandasaresulttherewasagreatlossoflifeandculturE.TheAgeofExplorationisaturningpointinhistorybecauseitchangedthewaypeoplelivedacrosstheworlD.Thebiggestaspectofthischangedealswiththeexchangeofpeopleplantsanimalsideasandtechnology.ThisisknownastheColumbianExchangebecauseitstartswithColumbus.WhilemanyaspectsofthisexchangehadpositiveeffectssuchastheexchangeoffoodsbetweenEuropeandAmericatherewerealsonegativeeffectssuchastheexchangeofdiseasesbetweenEuropeandAmericA.AccesstonewandbetterfoodsallowedtheEuropeanpopulationtogrowandaccesstotheNewWorldgavethesepeopleaplacetogo.NewWorldcivilizationssuchastheIncaandAztecsfacedneartotaldestructionoftheircultureseitherthroughdiseasebroughtbytheEuropeansorbycolonization.AfricafacedaforcedmovementofitspeopleasslavesbecamethemainlaborforceintheAmericas.TheAgeofExplorationwasbothapositiveandnegativeexperienceformanycivilizations.46.WhydidEuropeanssearchfornewtraderoutestoAsia?A.AsiawasamaintradecentreatthattimE.B.Europeansneedednewculturalactivities.C.TheoriginalrouteswerebrokendownbyanempirE.D.TheexpansionofOttomanEmpireneededmoregoods.47.Inthe15thcenturysailorssupportedbySpain______.A.sailedacrosstheAtlanticOceanB.foundanallwaterroutetoIndiaC.sailedaroundtheCapeofGoodHopeD.foundasouthernroutetothePacificOcean48.AsaresultofColumbianExchange______.A.AfricansgotnewandbetterfoodsB.theEuropeanpopulationbegantodecreaseC.somediseasesspreadamongmorecountriesD.NewWorldcivilizationsdevelopedmorequickly49.WhatimpactdidtheEuropeanexplorationhaveonAfrica?A.Itseconomygrewrapidly.B.ItsculturewastotallydestroyeD.C.TherewasahugeincreaseintheAfricanpopulation.D.MillionsofAfricanswerebroughttotheAmericasasslaves.50.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheNewWorldB.TheAgeofExplorationC.TheColumbianExchangeD.GreatEuropeanNavigators航海家

High-techmachineshavemadelifeeasierformillionsaroundtheworlD.Howeversomepeoplestillpreferlow-techwaysofdoingthings.Here'sanexampleofwhythisishappening.Youcanmicrowaveafrozenhamburgerin60seconds.Howeveritwon'ttasteasgoodasoneyoucookonthestovE.Andifyou'reinthatmuchofahurryyouprobablywon'ttaketimetotoastthebun.High-techcookingsavestimebutitdoesn'tmakeforbettertastingmeals.Mostpeoplegettheirnewsfromhigh-techsourcesliketelevisionortheInternet.Thishasmanyadvantages.Forexampleelectronicnewsismoreuptodatethannewspapersormagazines.It'salsomoreexcitingtoseeliveandvideotapednewseventsthanphotographs.Howevernewspapersandmagazineshavesomeimportantadvantages.Theygivemorebackgroundanddetails.Theyalsoletyoureadthepartsthatareimportanttoyouandskiptherest.Otherhigh-techtimesavershavesimilardisadvantages.Forexamplemostpeopleusethephoneoremailtostayintouchwithfriendsandfamilymemberswholiveinotherplaces.ButwhenyouusetheInternetorthephoneyoudon'talwaysthinkcarefullyaboutwhatyouaresayingandsometimesyouforgettheimportantthingsyouwanttocommunicatE.Similarlywhenyouword-processahomeworkassignmentinsteadofhandwritingityoucancheckyourspellingelectronicallyandputinfancyheadings.Howeversomestudentsaresobusywiththecomputerthattheydon'tpayenoughattentiontotheactualwordstheyarewriting.29.Whatdoweknowabouthigh-techcooking?A.Itcan'tmakemuchfooD.B.Itispopularwitheveryfamily.C.Itmakesfoodslowerthanlow-techcooking.D.Itcan'tmakefoodasdeliciousaslow-techcooking.30.WhatisanadvantageofthenewsinnewspaperscomparedtothatontheInternet?A.Quickupdates.B.Livenewsevents.C.Detailedinformation.D.Convenientnewssources.31.Whichofthefollowingproverbscansummarizethetext?A.Easycomeeasygo.B.Betterlatethannever.C.Everycoinhastwosides.D.Learntowalkbeforeyourun.

LargerbrainsizelinkedtolongerlifeindeerThesizeofafemaleanimals’brainmaydeterminewhethertheylivelongerandhavemorehealthyoffspring后代accordingtonewresearchledbytheUniversityofCambridgE.ThestudypublishedintheRoyalSocietyOpenSciencejournalshowsthatfemalereddeerwithlargerbrainslivelongerandhavemoresurvivingoffspringthanthosewithsmallerbrains.Brainsizeispasseddownthroughthegenerations.Thisisthefirstextensivestudyofindividualdifferencesinbrainsizeinwildmammalsanddrawsondatacomparingsevengenerationsofdeer.Acrossspeciesofmammalsbrainsizevarieswidely.Thisisthoughttobeaconsequenceofspecificdifferencesinthebenefitsandcostsofalargerbrain.Mammalswithlargerbrainsmayforexamplehavegreatercognitiveabilitiesthatenablethemtoadaptbettertoenvironmentalchangesortheymayhavelongerlifespans寿命.Buttheremayalsobedisadvantages:forinstancelargerbrainsrequiremoreenergysoindividualsthatpossessthemmayshowreducedfertility繁殖力.TheresearchersbasedattheUniversityofCambridge’sZoologyDepartmentandEdinburghUniversity’sInstituteofEvolutionaryBiologywantedtotestiftheycouldfindmoredirectgeneticornon-geneticevidenceofthecostsandbenefitsoflargebrainsizebycomparingthelongevity长寿andsurvivalofindividualsofthesamespecieswithdifferentsizedbrains.Usingtheskullsof1314wildreddeerwhoselifehistoriesandbreedingsuccesshadbeenmonitoredinthecourseofalong-termstudyontheIsleofRumtheyfoundthatfemaleswithlargerendocranialvolumes脑腔容量livedlongerandproducedmoresurvivingoffspringinthecourseoftheirlives.LeadauthorDrCorinaLoganaGatesCambridgeScholarsaysThereasonsfortheassociationbetweenbrainsizeandlongevityarenotknownbutotherstudieshavesuggestedthatlargerbrainsareaconsequenceofthelonger-livedspecieshavinglongerdevelopmentalperiodsinwhichthebraincangrow.Thesehypotheses假设weregeneratedfromcross-speciescorrelations;howevertestingsuchhypothesesrequiresinvestigationsatthewithin-specieslevelwhichiswhatwediD.DrLoganaddsWefoundthatsomeofthecross-speciespredictionsaboutbrainsizeheldforfemalereddeerandthatnoneofthepredictionsweresupportedinmalereddeer.Thisindicatesthateachsexlikelyexperiencesitsownsetoftrade-offs权衡协调withregardtobrainsizE.Thestudyalsoshowedthatfemales’relativeendocranialvolumeissmallerthanthatofmalesdespiteevidenceofselectionforlargerbrainsinfemales.ProfessorTimClutton-BrockwhosetuptheRumRedDeerstudywithFionaGuinnessin1972andinitiatedtheworkonbrainsizepointsoutThereasonthatthiskindofstudyhasnotbeenconductedbeforeisthatitrequireslongtermrecordsofalargenumberofindividualsacrossmultiplegenerationsanddataofthiskindarestillrareinwildanimals.12.Whatdoesthenewresearchaboutbrainsizereveal?A.Large-brainreddeertendtobemorereproductivE.B.Large-brainfemaledeersurvivesmall-brainmaledeer.C.Brainsizecausesindividualdifferencesinsomemammals.D.Brainsizehasbeenincreasingfromgenerationtogeneration.13.Fordifferentspeciesofmammalsbrainsizevarieswidelyinthat______.A.mammalscandevelopdifferentadaptiveabilitiesB.alargerbrainhasitsadvantagesanddisadvantagesC.differentmammalsarebornwithdifferentlifespansD.brainsizeisaffectedbygeneticornon-geneticfactors14.Whatcanwelearnabouttherelationbetweenbrainsizeandlongevity?A.ThecauseandeffectneedstobefurtherinvestigateD.B.Brainsizeabsolutelydeterminesanimals’longevity.C.Longer-livedspeciesallowbrainstogrowtoalargesizE.D.Thecross-speciesassumptionsapplytoreddeerofbothsexes.15.WhatcanweinferfromProfessorTimClutton-Brock’swords?A.Researcherscan’tpossiblyreachaconclusionaboutthereason.B.Researchersarenotpatientenoughtokeeplongtermrecords.C.SuchresearchhasbeenthoroughlyconductedonwildanimalsbeforE.D.Suchresearchwillwitnessgreatdifficultyinthelong-termprocess.

OceanographyhasbeendefinedasTheapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea.Beforethenineteenthcenturyscientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhiswritingsbuthewasunwillingtogotoseatofurtherhiswork.FormostpeopletheseawasremoteandwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromtheseatherewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutitletalonetoaskwhatlaybeneaththesurfacE.ThefirsttimethatthequestionWhatisatthebottomoftheoceans?hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcable电缆fromEuropetoAmericawasproposeD.Theengineershadtoknowthedepthprofile起伏形状oftheroutetoestimatethelengthofcablethathadtobemadE.ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturnedin1853forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840sMauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundings测深weretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.Latersomeofhisfindingsarousedmuchpopularinterestinhisbook---ThePhysicalGeographyoftheSeA.Thecablewaslaidbutnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmadepermanentandreliablE.AttheearlyattemptsthecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecoveredinlivinggrowthsafactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthattherewasnolifeinthedeeperpartsoftheseA.Withinafewyearsoceanographywasunderway.In1872ThomsonledascientificexpeditionwhichlastedforfouryearsandbroughthomethousandsofsamplesfromtheseA.Theirclassificationandanalysisoccupiedscientistsforyearsandledtoafive-volumereportthelastvolumebeingpublishedin1895.29.Thepassageimpliesthatthetelegraphcablewasbuiltmainly________.A.foroceanographicstudiesB.formilitarypurposesC.forbusinessconsiderationsD.forinvestigatingthedepthsoftheoceans30.TheaimofvoyagesMauryencouragedinthe1840swas_________.A.tomakesomesoundexperimentsintheoceansB.tocollectsamplesofseaplantsandanimalsC.toestimatethelengthofcablethatwastobemadeD.tomeasurethedepthsofthetwooceans31.Theunderlinedworddefiedinthe4Thparagraphprobablymeans_A.doubtedB.challengedC.gaveprooftoD.agreedto32.Thethemeofthispassageisabout__A.thebeginningsofoceanographyB.thelayingofthefirstunderseacableC.theinvestigationofoceandepthsD.theearlyintercontinentalcommunications

Candogsandcatsgetalongwellinthesamehome?Peoplewhoarethinkingaboutgettingadogasafriendfortheircatareworriedthattheywillfight.A.recentresearchhasfoundthatifthecatistakenbackhomebeforethedogandiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyounglessthan6monthsforcatsayearfordogsitishighlyprobable很可能thatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly.Intwo-thirdsofthehomescatsanddogshaveagoodrelationship.Howeveritwasn’tallsweetnessandlight.Therewasareportedcoldnessbetweenthecatanddogin25%ofthehomeswhileaggression侵略好斗andfightingwerefoundin10%ofthehomes.Onereasonforthisisprobablythatsomeoftheirbodylanguagesarejustdifferent.Forexamplewhenacatturnsitsheadawayitmeansaggressionwhileadogdoingthesamemeanssubmission顺从.Inhomeswithcatsanddogslivingpeacefullyresearchersfoundasurprisingbehavior.Theyarelearninghowtotalkeachother’slanguagE.ItisasurprisethatcatscanlearnhowtotalkDoganddogscanlearnhowtotalkCat.What’sinterestingisthatbothcatsanddogshaveappearedtobecomesmarter.Theycanlearntoreadeachother’sbodylanguagessuggestingthatthetwomayhavemoreincommonthanwasexpecteD.Oncefamiliarwitheachother’sbodylanguagecatsanddogscanplaytogetherandenjoysleepingtogetheronthesofA.Theimportanceofthisresearchoncatsanddogsmaygobeyond超出pets—topeoplewhodon’tgetalongwellincludingneighborscolleaguesatworkandevencountries.IfcatsanddogscanlearntogetalongsurelypeoplehaveagoodchancE.32.TheunderlinedwordswimminglyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto________.A.earlyB.mostlyC.quicklyD.smoothly33.Somecatsanddogsmayfightwhen________.A.theyarecoldtoeachotherB.theylookawayfromeachotherC.theyareintroducedatanearlyageD.theymisunderstandeachother’sbodylanguages34.ItissuggestedinParagraph4thatcatsanddogs________.A.havecommoninterestsB.arelessdifferentthanwasthoughtC.haveacommonbodylanguageD.arenotsosmartaswasexpected35.Whatcanwehumanbeingslearnfromcatsanddogs?A.Weshouldlearntogetalongwellwithothers.B.Weshouldknowmoreaboutanimals.C.Weshouldliveinpeacewithanimals.D.Weshouldlearnmorebodylanguages.

Americanslovepeanutbutter.Theaveragechildwilleat1500peanutbutterbeforeheorshegraduateshighschool.Butthereisacontroversyoveranewpeanutbutter.ItiscalledSTEEMPeanutButter.Thispeanutbutteraddsanewingredient:caffeine咖啡因.Coffeeisapopularmorningdrinkbecauseithascaffeineandgivespeopleenergyinthemorning.Evensmallamountsofcaffeinecanbedangeroustochildren.UnitedStatesSenator参议员CharlesSchumersays.P.eanutbutteroneofthesnacksmostcloselyconnectedwithchildrenmighthavetobestoredinthemedicinecupboardratherthaninthekitchencupboard.ThiswillshocktheFoodandDrugAdministration.SchumerwantstheU.S.FDAtoinvestigatE.HeobservedthatearliertheFDApreventedplansforacaffeinatedchewinggum.STEEMthemanufacturersaidWearesellingthecaffeinatedpeanutbutterallovertheworlD.Theproductprovidescaffeineinaneasilydigestibleway.CaffeinatedfoodshavebeensoldinU.S.storesforwelloveradecadeandareinnowayanewideA.Customerstellustheywanttoeatthecaffeinatedpeanutbuttersotheydon’thavetodrinkasmuchcoffeeorenergydrinks.Thepeanutbutterisnotintendedforchildren.PeanutbutterhasbeenafavoriteofchildrenforgenerationsSchumercontinued:ParentsacrossthecountryhavetoworryaboutasceneinwhichtheirchildmightunknowinglybiteintoapeanutbutterthatcontainsmorecaffeinethantwocupsofcoffeE.TheAmericanAcademyofPediatricssayscaffeineinsmallamountscanhelpthephysicalperformanceofadults.Buttheacademyurgesparentsnottoallowchildrentotakeevensmallamountsofcaffeineowingtocaffeine’spossiblenegativeeffectsonachild’sheartandbraindevelopment.24.ThereisacontroversyovertheSTEEMPeanutButterbecauseitcontains______.A.fatB.peanutC.caffeineD.nutrition25.CharlesSchumersuggeststhatthenewpeanutbuttershouldbe______.A.keptinthekitchencupboardB.outofchildren’sreachC.manufacturedinhugequantitiesD.eatenbychildrenforgenerations26.AccordingtoSTEEMthenewpeanutbutterispopularwithadultsbecause______.A.itisatraditionalfoodB.itisdigestedmoreeasilyC.itsproductionisnotbannedD.theyeatitinsteadofenergydrinks27.WecanguessfromthetextthattheresponsibilityoftheFoodandDrugAdministrationisto______.A.introducenewfoodsanddrugsB.promotethesalesoffoodsanddrugsC.guaranteethesafetyoffoodsanddrugsD.improvethephysicalperformanceofadults

Needanappforthat?AnvithaVijay9yearsoldcanbuildit.WiththehelpofYouTubevideostheyounggirlfromMelbourneAustraliaLearnedtocode编程atage7.Soonshewastryingherhandatmakingapps.WhenIfirstgotmyiPadIwasattractedbyalltheappsonitshetoldTFK.Itwasn'tlongbeforeIwantedtocreatemyown.ShebuiltherfirsttwoappswithheryoungersisterinminD.SmartkinsAnimalshelpschildrenknowmorethan100animalsandtheirsounds.SmartkinsRainbowColorsteacheskidscolors.Eachapphasbeendownloadedthousandsoftimes.Anvitha'sskillswonheranawardtoattendabigtechconferencehostedbyAppleinSanFranciscoCaliforniaThereshegottipsfromsomanysmartpeoplE.Shewenttoworkshopswhereshelearnedaboutthelatestsoftware软件forappbuilding.Allthattrainingledtoanideaforathirdapp.ThisonecalledGoalsHiinspireskidstopracticegoodhabits.Usersarerewardedforachievinggoalssuchaseatingtheirvegetablesorpracticingpiano.KidscansetgoalswiththisappandgetstarswhentheyachievethemshesaysTheideaistoencouragekidstoachieveonelittlestepaday.Anvitha'sgoalistocontinuecreatingtechnologythathelpskidslearnwhilehavingfun.Butevenmoreimportanttoheristhattheworldseesthepoweroftechnologyinkids'hands.ThemoretrainingwegetintechnologyatanearlyageshesaysthebetterchancewehaveofbecomingpeoplewhowillonedaychangetheworlD.12.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Anvithahascreatededucationalapps.B.Anvithawonanawardforpracticingpiano.C.Thepoweroftechnologyhasbeeninkids'hands.D.Educationalappsareverypopularamongparents.13.WhichofthefollowinghelpedAnvithatolearntocodeatanearlyage?A.YouTubevideos.B.Heryoungersister.C.AllappsonheriPadD.AlltraininginAustraliA.14.WhatdoweknowabouttheappsAnvithacreated?A.Theyteachkidstopaint.B.Theyteachkidstokeeppets.C.Theyhelpkidstoinventinstruments.D.Theyhelpkidslearnwhilehavingfun.15.What'sthegeneralmeaningofwhatAnvithasaysinthelastparagraph?A.Kidsshouldkeephavingabeautifuldream.B.KidsmasteringtechnologymustchangetheworlD.C.Workhardandyou'llhaveabetterlifeinthefuturE.D.ChildrenhadbettergettrainingintechnologyasearlyaspossiblE.

Fromself-drivingcarstodeepseaexplorersmoreandmoreofhumans’tasksarebeingtakenoverbyrobots.Buttechnologydoesn’tstoptherE.Inmid-AugustreportedtheBBCscientistsfromCambridgeUniversitydevelopedaroboticsystemthatmeantarobotcouldbuildotherrobotseachonebetterthantheprevious以前的generation.TheBBCnotedthatthoseconcernedaboutmachinestakingovertheworldshouldn’tworry.Howeverover1000scientistsandnumerousartificialintelligenceAI人工智能researchers－includingUKastrophysicistStephenHawkingandApplecofounderSteveWozniakoftheUS-broughtthedangeroffullyautonomousweapons自主武器knownaskillerrobotstoourattentionearlierthissummer.Ifanymajormilitary军事的powerpushesaheadwithAIweapondevelopmentaglobalarmsraceisinevitable不可避免的warnedanopenletterreleasedattheInternationalJointConferenceonArtificialIntelligenceheldinBuenosAiresArgentinA.Unlikedrones无人机whichneedahumanhandthiskindofrobotwouldhavesomedecision-makingabilitiesandtheabilitytoactbyitself.WhilewhattheBBCcalledthesesoldersthatneversleepcouldhelpreducebattlefielddeathstheymightalsomakecountriesmorelikelytogointobattlewhichwouldleadtomoredeathsoverallnotedthescientists.Theriskstheysaidcouldbefargreaterthanthoseposedbynuclearweapons.Scientistscalledforabanonoffensive攻击性的autonomousweaponsbeyondmeaningfulhumancontrolreportedTheHuffingtonPost....InfactinaninterviewwiththeBBCin2014Hawkingwarnedthatthedevelopmentoffullartificialintelligencecouldspelltheendofthehumanrace.AndaccordingtotheBBCmanyleadingthinkershavebeenthinkingabouttheAI-poweredkillingmachineofthenot-too-distantfuturE.KillerrobotscouldbeherewithinyearsnotdecadesasStuartRussellprofessorofcomputerscienceatUCBerkeleyUSputit.Authoritiesaregraduallywakinguptotheriskofrobotwars.LastMayforthefirsttimetheUnitedNationsbroughtgovernmentstogethertobegintalksonso-calledkillerrobotsinahopeofstoppingsuchweaponswhilethereisstilltimE.MeanwhiletherearescientistswhoarelessworrieD.Theybelievealltechnologieshavepotential潜力forbeingusedforgoodandevilendsandarguethatthebancalledforbytheopenlettercouldclosethedoortodevelopingAItechnologythatcouldsavelives.TechnologycanclearlydobetterthanhumanbeingsinmanycasesRonaldArkindeanattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlantaUStoldTheChristianScienceMonitor.Ifwearewillingtoturnoversomeofourdecisionmakingtothesemachineswemayactuallygetbetteroutcomes.28.WhatdoesSteveWozniakthinkthefuturerobottechnologymightproduce?A.ArtificialIntelligencE.B.Autonomousweapons.C.Soldiersthatneversleep.D.Killingmachines.29.TheunderlinedwordspellinParagraph7isclosestinmeaningto______.A.causeB.preventC.reachD.change30.WhatdoesStuartRussellmeanbysayingkillerrobotscouldbeherewithinyearsnotdecades.?A.KillerrobotswillvisitUCBerkeleyUSsoonerthanexpecteD.B.KillerrobotswillbeproducedandusedsoonerthanexpecteD.C.KillerrobotswillspeedupthedevelopmentofAIinthenearfuturE.D.KillerrobotswillkillthesescientistsinthenearfuturE.31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Moreandmoreofhumans’tasksarebeingtakenoverbyrobots.B.Robotshavedecision-makingabilitiesandtheabilitytoactbyitself.C.Scientistscalledforabanonthedevelopmentofrobottechnology.D.Alltechnologieshavepotentialforbeingusedforgoodandevilends.

WhenaskedwhattheymostliketoeatteenagersintheUKwillsaythatfoodslikepizzaburgersandchipsaretheirfavoritE.Butwhatteenagersliketoeatisnotnecessarilywhattheyshouldeat.AccordingtotheNationalDietandNutrition营养SurveyfartoomanyyoungpeopleintheUKbetween4and18eattoomuchfatsugarandsaltintheirdietandtakeintoomanycalories.Andtheirintakeofstarchycarbohydrates含淀粉的碳水化合物fiberironvitaminsandcalcium钙istoolow.Foragrowingbodyeatingfoodscontainingplentyofcalciumsuchasmilkyoghurt酸奶andcheeseisveryimportantascalciumisessentialforthedevelopmentofhealthystrongbones.Similarlyfoodsthatarerichinironaregoodforyoungrapidlydevelopingbodiessoredmeatbreadgreenvegetablesanddriedfruitarealsogoodtoeat.Itisduringourteenageyearsthatlifestylehabitscanbecomeentrenched根深蒂固的soitisimportantthatyoungpeopleshouldbeeducatedaboutwhatfoodsaregoodforthem.In2005inordertochangeeatinghabitsandopenteenagers’mindstonewtasteschefJamieOliverstartedaFeedMeBetterproject.AspartofatelevisionseriesJamie’sSchoolDinnersheworkedwithteachersandcooksinanumberofschoolsacrosstheUKtoprovidemorenutritiousschoolmeals.Althoughsometeenagersandparentsrefusedtohaveatryatfirsttheprojectwentverywellandhelpedtoinfluencegovernmentalpolicy政策onnutritionalstandardsforschoolmeals.NooneexpectstoendtheteenageloveaffairwithfastandjunkfoodbuthopefullyifprojectslikeFeedMeBettercontinuetogiveouttherightmessagesmoreyoungpeoplewillunderstandtheimportanceofeatinghealthily.28.WhatproblemdoteenagersintheUKhave?A.Mostofthemaretoofat.B.MostofthemeattoolittlE.C.Manyofthemdon’teathealthily.D.ManyofthemareshortofexercisE.29.TheunderlinedwordessentialinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto_________.A.difficultB.possibleC.commonD.necessary30.AccordingtothetexttheFeedMeBetterproject_________.A.provedtobeasuccessB.taughtteachershowtocookC.wasstartedbythegovernmentD.failedatlast

TheMolamola翻车鱼istheworld’slargestknownbonyfish.Thespeciesisnativetotropicalandtemperatewatersaroundtheglobeandresemblesagiantfishheadwithatail.RatherthanhavingatailfinlikemostfishtheMolamola’smainbodyisflatteneD.Infactitsheightisoftenequaltoitslengthwhichisunusualinfish.Itcangrowto10-20feetinlengthandheightandweighinatanaverageof2000pounds.ItsspecificnamemolaisLatinformillstonewhichthefishresemblesbecauseofitsgreycolourroughtexture肌理androundedbody.ItscommonEnglishnamesunfishreferstotheanimal’shabitofsunbathingatthesurfaceofthewater.TheDutch-Portuguese-French-Catalan-Spanish-Italian-Russian-andGerman-languagenamesmeanmoonfishinreferencetoitsroundedshapE.InPolishitisnamedSamoglowmeaningheadalonebecauseithasnotruetail.TheChinesetranslationofitsacademicnameisfan-che-yu.Itsdietisextremelyvariedbutnutrient-poorconsistingmainlyofjellyfish.InordertoconsumeenoughdailynutrientsitmusttravelthroughawiderangeofoceanicdepthsinsearchofitsfooD.Ithasabeaked喙状嘴的mouththatdoesnottotallyclosesoitchewsitsfoodinseveralstages.Itsthickskiniscoveredinadenselayerofmucus粘液whichishosttomanykindsofparasites寄生虫.Totryandriditselfoftheseuninvitedguestsitwilloftenfloatonitssidenearthesurfaceofthewaterinvitingbirdstofeastontheparasites.Similarlyitwillsometimeslaunchitsconsiderablebodyuptotenfeetoutofthewaterbeforecrashingbackdowninanefforttoremovesomeoftheparasites.Withitshabitoffloatingnearthesurfaceitoftenrunstheriskofbeinghitbyboats.FinallysmallerMolamolasaresometimessubjecttoattackbysealions.28.ManyoftheMolamola’svariousnamessuggest_________.A.itsmaindietB.itsenormousweightC.itshabitofsunbathingD.itsflattenedandroundedshape29.WhatcanwesayabouttheMolamola?A.Itenjoyslivingincoldzones.B.Itcanalmostbeastallasitislong.C.Ithuntsmainlyatthesurfaceoftheocean.D.ItpossessesamouththatcancompletelyclosE.30.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.TheinfluenceoftheMolamolaontheocean.B.ThereasonsfortheMolamola’smanyparasites.C.ThesurvivalchallengesrelatingtotheMolamolA.D.TherelationshipbetweentheMolamolaandbirds.31.What’sthemainpurposeofthetext?A.ToprovidegeneralinformationabouttheMolamolA.B.TogiveadviceonhowtoprotecttheMolamolA.C.ToincreaseawarenessofthefragilestateoftheMolamolA.D.ToshowtheadvantagesoftheMolamoaloverotheranimals.

AirpollutionsuchashazehasbecomeaseriousproblemaroundtheworlD.Besideswearingamaskwhatelsecanwedotoprotectourselvesfromthedirtyair?Scientistshavedevelopedanewinhaler吸入剂thatcanreducetheeffectairpollutionhasonpeoplE.ItcouldhelpmillionsofpeoplewhoaresufferingfromairpollutiontheGuardianreports.ThisinhalerisdevelopedbyGermancompanyBitopandcontainsamolecule分子namedEctoinE.Themoleculecreatesalayer涂层thatprotectslungsfrompollutedair.It’sreportedthattheinhalerwillbeaffordabletomostpeoplewhenitcomestothemarket.Airpollutionkillsmorethanthreemillionpeopleayearworldwideandleadstohealthproblemslikelungandheartdiseaseandstrokesaccordingtoa2016researchprojectinthejournalNaturE.Itisalsolinkedtobraindiseasementalillnessanddiabetes糖尿病.AndreasBilsteinatBitopbelievedthattheinhalercouldbeusefularoundtheworldbecauseairpollutionisnotjustaEuropeanproblem:EspeciallyinAsia－Chinainparticular－thedemandforsuchaproductisevenhigher.ManyChinesecitieshavebeensufferingfromhazE.AccordingtoWorldHealthOrganizationtwoofthe10mostpollutedcitiesintheworldin2015wereinChinA.About800000deathsthatarelinkedtoairpollutiontakeplaceinthecountryeveryyear.HoweversuchinhalersshouldneverbeanexcusefornottryingtostopairpollutionsaidProfessorJeanKrutmannattheLeibnizResearchInstituteforEnvironmentalMedicinE.Thebestthingisthatwehavecleanairandwedon’tneedanyprophylactic预防性的treatmenthesaiD.28.Whatisthenewinhaler?A.Itcanhelpprotecttheenvironment.B.Itcanhelpusreducetheharmofairpollution.C.Itcansolvetheairpollutionproblem.D.Itcanmakethedirtyairclean.29.Fromthethirdparagraphwelearnthat______.A.theinhalercomesfromaUScompanyB.theinhalerisnamedEctoineC.amoleculeintheinhalerformsalayeronlungsD.theinhaler’spricewillnotbetoohighformostpeople30.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.AirpollutionkillsmillionsofpeopleayearworldwidE.B.Airpollutioncancausementalillness.C.TherearenoairpollutionproblemsinEuropE.D.AirpollutionisaseriousprobleminChinA.31.WhichisProfessorJeanKrutmann’sopinion?A.SuchinhalersmeanmuchtopeoplE.B.Weshouldtakeactiontocontrolairpollution.C.Wecandependoninhalerstosolveairpollutionproblems.D.We’dbetterproducemoremedicinestotreatlungdiseases.

Inanagewhentechnologymovesfasterthanmostcankeepupwithasmallgroupofpeoplestillremaininthetimeofold-fashionedletter.FranklyspeakingIwasoncecertainthattraditionalletterscouldneverbereplacedbyothermeansofcommunication.ButastoryaboutonlinecommunicationchangedmyminD.AnoldmanwhosufferedalotfromParkinson’sdiseasewasnotabletotalkclearlyandcouldhardlywritehisnamE.Livingtotallyalonehemanagedtokeepintouchwithnearlyallthemembersofhisfamily.Howdidheachieve实现this?HeclickedoutwordsonhiscomputerkeyboarD.IthereforemanagedtogetanE-mailboxassoonasthechancecamE.MylifechangeD.E-mailandallonlinecommunicationissomethingtrulydifferent.Ithasabilitiesthatfewotherproductscanmatch.E.-mailisconvenient.Ittakeslesstimewithitsfastspeedand24-hourconnection.Theslowpostalserviceisnomatch匹配之物.Ifyouwouldn’twanttohaveaface-to-facetalkwithyourmanageryoumighttalkwithhimthroughE-mailevenifyouareinthesameofficE.Namingallthegoodthingsaboutonlinecommunicationisnoteasy.Butwait.E-mailcanbeinconvenient.Itcanwastetimeandenergy.Justthinkwhatmayhappenwhenyoutakeashortvacationandreturntofindyoure-mailboxfilledwith200unreadmessages.Youcouldeasilyspendhalfadayclearingjunkads.Thenonlinecommunicationwillkeepusstayingatourcomputerwhileitconnectsustodistantstrangers.Oncewethrowourselvesintothemachinewemayforgetthehumantouchesweonceheldsodear.I’msurethereisandalwayswillbeaplacefortheold-fashionedletterphonecallandface-to-facemeetingevenintheworldofmoderncommunication.AsIlistentothesoundofthemodem调制解调器IwasexcitedatsteppingouttotheoutsideworldbutatthesametimeIsensedalossofcontroloversomethingvaluableinmypersonallifE.52.WhatcausedthewritertobecomeinterestedinE-mailandonlinecommunication?A.Hisownillness.B.Thesoundofthemodem.C.A.sickoldman’sexperiencE.D.ThechangingofhislifE.53.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofonlinecommunication?A.Itshouldreplaceold-fashionedletterscompletely.B.Itisperfectandalwaysdoesgoodtoyou.C.Itisextremelyusefulandconvenientbutitmaybeinconvenientorevenharmful.D.ItdoesmoreharmthangooD.54.Accordingtothewritertraditionalmeansofcommunicationwillneverdisappearbecause________.A.theyhelptokeepthefriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeopleB.theyareconvenientandpopularthoughtheyareslowC.mostpeoplecannotkeepupwiththedevelopmentoftechnologyD.modernmeansofcommunicationdoestoomuchharm55.Howdidthesickoldmankeepintouchwithhisfamilymembers?A.Byvisitingthemregularly.B.Bywritingletterswithhispen.C.Bymakingtelephonecalls.D.Withthehelpofhiscomputer.

Lifeisdifficult.Itisagreattruthbecauseoncewetrulyunderstandandacceptitthenlifeisnolongerdifficult.Mostdonotfullyseethistruth.Insteadtheycomplainabouttheirproblemsanddifficultiesasiflifeshouldbeeasy.Itseemstothemthatdifficultiesrepresent代表aspecialkindofsufferingespeciallyforceduponthemorelseupontheirfamiliestheirclassoreventheirnation.WhatmakeslifedifficultisthattheprocessoffacingandsolvingproblemsisapainfulonE.Problemsdependingontheirnaturecauseinussadnessorlonelinessorregretorangerorfear.Theseareuncomfortablefeelingsoftenaspainfulasanykindofphysicalpain.Andsincelifecausesanendlessseriesofproblemslifeisalwaysdifficultandisfullofpainaswellasjoy.Yetitisinthiswholeprocessofsolvingproblemsthatlifehasitsmeaning.ProblemsaretheserioustestthattellsussuccessfromfailurE.Whenwedesiretoencouragethegrowthofthehumanspiritweencouragethehumanability能力tosolveproblemsjustasinschoolwesetproblemsforourchildrentosolvE.Itisthroughthepainofmeetingandworkingoutproblemsthatwelearn.AsBenjaminFranklinsaidThosethingsthathurtinstruct.Itisforthisreasonthatwisepeoplelearnnottofearbuttowelcomethepainofproblems.56.Fromthepassageitcanbeinferredthat______.A.everybodyhasproblemsB.webecomestrongerbyfacingandsolvingtheproblemsoflifeC.lifeisdifficultbecauseourproblemsbringuspainD.peopleliketocomplainabouttheirproblems57.Thewriterprobablyusedjustoneshortsentenceinthefirstparagraphto______.A.savespaceB.persuadereadersC.makereaderslaughD.getreader'sattention58.Themainideaofparagraph3isthat______.A.mostpeoplefeellifeiseasyB.thewriterfeelslifeiseasyC.thewriterlikestocomplainabouthisproblemsD.mostpeoplecomplainabouthowhardtheirlivesare59.Accordingtothepassagewegiveschoolchildrendifficultproblemstosolveinorderto______.A.encouragethemtolearnB.teachthemtofearthepainofsolvingproblemsC.helpthemlearntodealwithpainD.teachthemhowtorespectforproblems

FrenchsurgeonshaveperformedwhattheysaidonWednesdaywastheworld'sfirstpartialfacetransplant移植---givinganewnosechinandlipstoawomanattackedbyadog.SpecialistsfromtwoFrenchhospitalscarriedouttheoperationona38-year-oldwomanonSundayinthenortherncityofAmiensbytakingthefacefromabrain-deadwomanwhohadhangedherselfjusthoursbeforetheoperation.Herfamilyagreedontheoperation.Thepatientisinanexcellentstateandthetransplantlooksnormalthehospitalssaidinabriefstatementafterwaitingthreedaystoannouncethepioneeringsurgery.ThewomanhadbeenleftwithoutanoseandlipsafterthedogattackedherlastMayandwasunabletotalkorchewproperly.SuchinjuriesareextremelydifficultifnotimpossibletorepairusingnormalsurgicaltechniquesthestatementsaiD.ThestatementdidnotsaywhatthewomanwouldlooklikewhenshehadfullyrecoveredbutmedicalexpertssaidshewasunlikelytoresemblethewomanwhohadbeenthesourceofhernewfacE.TheoperationwasledbyJean-MichelDubernardaspecialistfromahospitalinLyonwhohasalsocarriedouthandtransplants.Skintransplantshavelongbeenusedtotreatburnsandotherinjuriesbutoperationsaroundthemouthandnosehavebeenconsideredverydifficultbecauseofthearea'shighsensitivity敏感toforeigntissuE.TeamsinFrancetheUnitedStatesandBritainhadbeendevelopingtechniquestomakefacetransplantsarealityTherewasashort-termriskforthepatientifbloodvesselsbecameblockedamedium-termdangerofherbodyrejectingthenewskinandalong-termpossibilitythatthedrugsusedcouldcausecancers.Expertssaythatalthoughsuchmedicaladvancesshouldbecelebratedthetransplanthadthrownupmoral道德的andethical伦理的issues.Littleisknownaboutthepsychologicaleffectoftheetransplant.29.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe________.A.FrenchWomanhasFirstPartialFaceTransplantB.FirstFaceTransplantOpensDebateC.RisksandEthicalProblemsofaFaceTransplantD.A.CompleteFaceTransplantofaFrenchWoman30.Whydidthewomanneedsuchanoperation?A.HerfacehadbeenbittenbyadogB.HerfacehadbeenburntinafirE.C.ShewasbornespeciallyuglyD.Shewantedtotestsuchanoperation.31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheoperation?A.Thewomanhadusedthedeadwoman'swholefacE.B.Therehasarisen引起adebateabouttheoperation.C.Thewomanwillsufferfrompsychologicaldamagesoon.D.Suchtransplantshavebeenperformedbydoctors.32.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneoftherisksoftheoperation?A.Blockofbloodvessels.B.OrganrejectionC.HeartdamagE.D.Sideeffectofthedrugs

TheInternetandtheWorldWeb网aregreatplacestoberightnow.Weusethewordplacebecausesomanyofthethingsyoucandoonlinearesimilartothethingsyoucandowhereverpeoplegathertogether－inhomesschoolslibrariesshoppingcentersoratfamilyreunions团聚ortownmeetings.Theallowspeopletolearnshopfindimportantinformationandcommunicatewhetherthey'relocalglobalorsimplyvirtual虚的.TheWebisuseful.YoucanfindoldfriendsonlinE.Youcanresearchandbookflightschecktheweatherfindbreakingnewsfindoutinformationaboutschoolsandcolleges.YoucanevenplaceanorderforbooksCDscomputersandcars.TheInternetisalsofun.Youcanwritetooldfriendsorcheckouttheirwebpagesenjoyweb-basedsoapoperaslaughatonlinejokesjoininaliveEventchatwithotherInternetsurfers漫游者checktoseeifyournameappearsanywhereontheWeb.Millionsofuserslogontotheeverydayandit'snotjusttodoresearch.There'salotoffuntherE.That'sonereasonwhyit'scalledwebsurfing.OfcoursethefirststeptousingtheWebforbusinessorforfunislearninghowtoworkawebbrowser浏览器.Ifyou'renewtocomputersitmaytakeawhilebeforeyouarecompletelycomfortablewithyourbrowser.Don'tworry.Youdon'thavetobeacomputerwhiz专家.Thebasicsofawebbrowserareverymuchlikethebasicsofmodemcomputers—learninghowtopointandclickthemouselearninghowtoscroll滚动upanddownapageoftextandlearninghowtousepull-downmenus.Againbepatient.There'snotimelimitonwebsurfing.Giveyourselfachancetoexplore探索thebrowseritselfwhileyouexploretheWeB.33.ThewritercomparestheWebto______.A.someeasyjobB.placestogathertogetherinC.placestovisitD.thingsyoucandoonline34.WecanlearnfromthetextthattheWebisnotonly______butalso______.A.ofgreatuse;ofgreatenjoymentB.ofgreatuse;ofgreatvalueC.useful;funnyD.ofsomeuse;ofalittleinterest35.TousetheWeballwehavetodoistolearnhowto_______.A.usethecomputermouseB.scrollupanddownapageoftextC.usepull-downmenusD.alltheabove

ComputersareveryimportanttomodernlifE.ManypeoplethinkthatinthefuturecomputerswillbeusedinlotsofeverydaylifE.Itisthoughtthatwewon’thavetogoshoppingbecausewewillbeabletogetmostthingswhicharesoldinshopsontheInternet.Therewillbenomorebooksbecausewewillbeabletogetalltextsfromcomputers.TheInternetwillbeusedtoplaygamesseefilmsandbuyfooD.Mosttelephonecallswillbemadebycomputerstoo.Somepeoplearegladaboutthesenewwaysofshoppingandcommunicating.Othersdonotthinkthatcomputerswillreplaceouroldways.Let’slookatbooksforexamplE.Somepeoplethinkthatonedaywewillnotreadbooksmadeofpaper.Insteadwewillbuyandreadbooksusingcomputers.Wewillreadtextsonsmallpocketcomputers.ThecomputerswillkeepmanydifferentbooksinthematthesametimE.Wewon’tneedtoturnlotsofpagesandpaperwillbesaveD.Computerized计算机化bookswillbeusedmoreandmorE.IsInternetshoppingsuchapleasureasgoingtotheshop?Manypeoplesayitisnot.Itisapleasuretogointoshopsandlookatthingsyouwanttobuy.Itisalsounlikelythatmanypeoplewillwanttoreadlargetextsonourcomputers.Becausepaperbookswillperhapsbemorefriendly.Maybecomputerswon’tchangethesetwohabits.31.Inparagraph1itisthoughtpeoplewillusecomputersfor_______.A.playinggamesshoppingandmakingtelephonecallsB.makingtelephonecallshavingmealsandseeingfilmsC.seeingfilmsbuyingfoodandgoingforholidaysD.playinggamesmakingtelephonecallsandseeingthedoctor32.WhichreasonforusingcomputerizedbooksisNOTsaidinthepassage?A.Computerizedbookswon’tbeveryexpensivE.B.Computerscankeepmanydifferentbooksinthem.C.Wewon’thavelotsofpages.D.Wewon’tneedanypaper.33.Paragraph4tells_______.A.abouttheoldandnewwaysofshoppingandcommunicatingB.iftheInternetwillchangeourhabitsC.aboutcomputerizedbooksD.aboutfutureusesofcomputers34.Thetitleforthispassageis_______.A.ComputerswillReplaceShopsandBooksB.ComputerswillbeUsedintheFutureC.ComputerswillDoEverythingforManD.HowComputersChangeOurHabits35.Accordingtothewriter’sviewwhichisright?A.ComputerswillreplaceeverythingcompletelyinourdailylifeinthefuturE.B.ComputerswillnotbeusedatallinourdailylifeinthefuturE.C.ComputerswillnotbeusedinshoppinginthefuturE.D.Computerswillbringmoreandwiderusageinourdailylifeinthefuture.

ChinesefemalescientistTuYouyouwonthe2015NobelPrizeinmedicineonOctober5forherdiscoveriesconcerninganoveltreatmentagainstMalaria疟疾.ThisisthefirstNobelPrizegiventoaChinesescientistforworkcarriedoutwithinChinA.TusharedtheprizewithIrish-bornWilliamCampbellandSatoshiOmuraofJapanwhowerehonoredfortheirrevolutionaryanti-roundwormtreatment.84-year-oldTuisawardedthisprizeforhercontributiontocuttingthedeathrateofmalariareducingpatients’sufferingandpromotingmankind’shealth.Althoughshereceivedseveralmedicalawardsinthepastthe2015NobelPrizeisdefinitelythemostprivilegerewardthatrecognizesTu’sdedicationandperseveranceindiscoveringartemisinin青蒿素thekeydrugthatbattlesmalaria-friendlyparasites寄生虫.Howeverherroutetothehonorhasbeenanythingbuttraditional.ShewontheNobelPrizeformedicinebutshedoesn’thaveamedicaldegreeoraPhD.InChinasheisevenbeingcalledthethree-noeswinner:nomedicaldegreenodoctorateandshe’sneverworkedoverseas.NowonderhersuccesshasstirredChina’snationalprideandhelpedpromoteconfidenceofnativeChinesescientists.ThefactthatTuhasnoneofthesethreebackgroundsremindsusthatscienceshouldbemoreaccessibletoall.Oneshallbeabletobecomeascientistnomatterwhatkindofbackgroundheorshecomesfromaslongasonedivesintoscientificresearch.TherehavebeendiscussionsonpeoplewhoreallylovesciencebutareneverabletoachievemuchduringtheirwholelifE.TheircontributionscanneverbeignoreD.TheyworksohardtoprovethewrongwaysothatthefutureresearcherswillbeclosertotherightonE.AsthefirstChinesemainlandNobelPrizeWinnerofnaturalscienceawardTu’srecord-breakingwinningalsoservesasaremindertothosewhoaretooeagerforinstantsuccess.Scienceisneveraboutinstantsuccess.TuspentdecadesonscientificresearchbeforeitsvalueisofficiallyacknowledgeD.Thereisnowaytomeasurehowmuchonedevotestoscienceandcompareitwithhowmuchrewardheorshemayget.1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthat__________.A.TuworkedhomeandabroadtoconductherresearchB.TugottheNobelPrizeforheranti-roundwormtreatmentC.TheNobelPrizeisthefirstawardtorecognizeherworkD.HerdiscoveryofartemisininhashelpedtocutMalariadeathrate2.Theauthorseemstoagreethatapersonwhoismorelikelytobecomeascientististheonewith__________.A.asenseofnationalprideB.relevantacademicknowledgeC.adesiretoachievesuccessD.enthusiasmforscientificresearch3.Inwritingthepassagetheauthorintendsto___________.A.informreadersofthenewsandmakecommentsB.discouragethepursuitofinstantsuccessinscienceC.remindreadersoftheprinciplesofscientificresearchD.praisetheawardwinnerandencouragescientificresearch

Nexttimeyouhearafunnyjokeyou’dbetternotlaughtooharD.AccordingtoapaperpublishedbytheBritishMedicalJournallaughterisn’talwaysthebestmedicinE.Sometimesit$来&源ziyuanku.comcanevenbeharmful.ProfessorRobinFernerfromtheUniversityofBirminghamoneoftheauthorsofthestudyfoundthatbadthingscouldhappentopeoplewholaughedtoomuch.Hesays:Wefoundpeoplewithheartbeatproblemswhichhadstoppedtheirheartwefoundpeoplewhohadfainted昏倒andwefoundpeoplewhohaddislocatedtheirjawsorbursttheirlungs.Itseemsthatlaughingcanbenolaughingmatter.Butit’snotalldoomandgloom.ProfessorFernersaystherearebenefitstolaughingwhenyouwanttoloseweightforexamplE.Yesthat’sright:laughandbeslimmer!ProfessorFernerexplainsthat:Youuseenergywhenyoulaughyoumoveyourdiaphragm横膈膜youexpandyourlungsandboththosethingscanbehelpful.Accordingtotheresearchlaughingforaquarterofanhourcanburnupto40caloriesandifyoulaughedalldayyou’duseupabout2000calorieswhichiswhatmostpeopleconsumeinaday.Butdon’tdothatoryoumightendupwithapainfuljaw.Ouch!Oryoumightfindpeoplelookingatyouinafunnyway.ButIdon’twanttofinishthisarticleleavingyoufeelingdesperatE.Laughtercomesnaturallyformostofus.Babiesbegintolaughataround3-6months.Sogiveintoyoursenseofhumourandkeepsmiling.Lifeisshortanyway.21.LaughingtoomuchmaycausethefollowingharmfulresultsEXCEPT_________.A.heartstop.B.diaphragmmovement.C.lungburst.D.jawdislocation.22.TheunderlinedphrasedoomandgloominParagraph2probablymeans_______.资*源%库ziyuanku.comA.HopelessB.funnyC.PainfulD.nervous23.Howmanycaloriescanyouuseifyoulaughforhalfaday?A.About40.B.About1000.C.About2000.D.About2040.24.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardslaughinginthelastparagraph?A.UninteresteD.B.Disapproving.不赞同C.WorrieD.D.FavorablE.

Aroundtheworldeggshavebeenabreakfaststaple重要部分forallgoodreasons.Afterallaneggisastorehouseofvitalnutrientsmakingitanessentialpartofahealthydiet.Andforthoseofyouwhoareafraidofhavingthispowerfoodbecauseyou'reworriedthatitwilladdtoyourweightrememberoneeggcontainsabout80caloriesandaboutfivegramsoffat.Hencesmartconsumptionisafarhealthieroption.Eggsareawell-knownrichsourceofprotein—animportantbuildingblockofbonesmusclesskinandblooD.Thebodyusesproteintobuildandrepairtissuesaswellasmakingotherbodychemicals.Unfortunatelyunlikefatandcarbohydrates碳水化合物thebodydoesnotstoreproteinandthereforehasnoreservoirtodrawonwhenitneedsanewsupply.Thuseggsaretheperfectsourcesandasmartfoodchoiceforthosewhoreducetheirintakeofcarbohydratesinabittoloseextraweight.Anotherimportantnutrientyou'llfindabundantlyineggwhiteisriboflavinorVitaminB2.Andforallofyouwonderingwhat'sthebenefitofthisnutrientRiboflavinisawater-soluble水溶性vitaminwhichisinvolvedinvitalprocessesinthebodyandisnecessaryfornormalcellfunctiongrowthandenergyproduction.Theyolkwhichmanyofusavoidoutoffearisactuallyaveryhealthyfoodifconsumedinmoderation适度.Mainlyfattheyolkcontains1.33gmofcholesterol胆固醇per100gmsandisarichsourceofvitaminAB.vitaminscalciumphosphorous磷andiron.Incidentallytheironfoundintheyolkiseasilydigestedinthebody.Accordingtonutritionexpertsonecaneatonewholeeggeverydaywithoutharmingone'scholesterolandotherblood-fatlevels.Butforthosewhocraveformoreeggsyoucanreducefatbyhavingonewholeeggandthewhitesoftherestoftheeggs.8.Eggsareregardedasimportantinbreakfastbecause__________.A.itisacustomtohaveeggsinthebreakfast.B.theyaresoldatalowpricE.C.theyarehighincaloriesandlowinfat.D.theycanprovidepeoplewithmanynutrients.9.Whenourbodyisshortofproteinwemay____________.A.feeltiredandsleepy.B.feeldiscomfortinourlegs.C.gettiredofeatingeggs.D.beeagerforotherchemicals.10.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutprotein?.A.Itcan’tbestoredinthebody.B.Fatcanbechangedintoprotein.C.ItisakindofcarbohydratE.D.Ourbodycanonlygetproteinfromeggs.11.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat____________.A.theauthorsuggestsweonlyeatthewhitesofeggs.B.eatingenoughyolkcanreducecholesterolinthebody.C.ironandphosphorousintheyolkaredifficulttodigest.D.highblood-fatlevelcandoharmtoourhealth

Researchershavecreatedabackpackthathasacomputerandmedicinesinitthatcanhelpevenuntrainedsoldierssavethelivesofwoundedtroops.WoundedsoldiershaveabetterchanceofsurvivaliftheygethelpsoonafterbeinghurtandarequicklytakentoahospitalorcliniC.Butsoldierswhodonothavemedicaltrainingmaynotknowhowtohelptheirinjuredfriends.Doctorsandengineershavedevelopedwhattheycallanintelligentbackpack.Ithasacomputerandelectronicmeasuringdevices.Thebackpackalsohasroboticinstrumentsandmedicinesreadytogivetoinjuredtroops.About16doctorsandengineersfromtheUniversityofPittsburghCarnegieMellonUniversityandseveralotherplacesareworkingontheproject.TheU.S.DepartmentofDefensehasgivenmoneytotheproject.RonPoropatichleadstheproject.Heisaretiredarmysurgeon.HesaysthebackpackwillhelpsoldierscareforthosewhoareinjureD.Thedevicesincludedinthebackpackcanmonitoraperson^heartrateandbloodpressurE.Theroboticinstrumentscaneventellwhetherthesoldierhasacollapsedlung.Theintelligentbackpack'scomputercancompareinformationgatheredabouttheinjuredsoldierwiththousandsofsimilarcasesandquicklytellthebestmethodstousetosavethesoldier’slifE.SometimesitisnotalwayspossibletoquicklyremovetheinjuredsoldierfromthebattlefielD.SoDr.Poropatichsaystheresearchershopetocreateabackpackthatwillhavedevices.thatcankeepa.soldieraliveforalongtimE.Dr.Poropatichhopesthebackpackanditsinstrumentswillbereadyfortestinganimalsinaboutthreeyears.12.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.ThebackpackcanplayabigpartinthebattlefielD.B.Mostofthesoldierscan’tusethebackpackcorrectly.C.Soldiersshouldhavetakenmedicaltraining.D.WarorbattlehasbroughtharmtotheworlD.13.Howmanykindsofitemsarementionedinthebackpack?A.4.B.5.C.3.D.2.14.WhatcanweknowaccordingtoRonPoropatich?A.TheprojectgotsupportfromthewholeworlD.B.Theroboticinstrumentscanmonitorlungs.C.Theinjurer'sheartdiseasecanhecureD.D.Thedevicescanadjustsoldiers’bloodpressurE.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ResearchersandTheirWonderfulDiscoveryB.MedicalCareTestedontheWoundedSoldiersC.EmergencyMedicalCareinaBackpackD.RoboticDevicesUsedintheBattlefield

ThecurrentEbola埃博拉病毒outbreakinwesternandcentralAfricahasinfectedatleast3069peopleincluding1552deadmakingitthelargestoutbreakinhistory.Ebolaisadeadlyvirus-about60percentofpeopleinfectedwithithavedieD.HowisEboladoingitsharm?WhenapersonbecomesinfectedwithEbolathevirusdamagesthebody’simmune免疫的cellswhichdefendagainstinfectionsaidaresearcheratLancasterUniversity.Butifaperson’simmunesystemcanstanduptothisattackthenheismorelikelytosurvivethediseasE.Thepatientsthatsurviveitbestarethosewhodon’tgetsuchabaddisadvantageinimmunesystem.Butifthebodyisn’tabletogetridofthisattackthentheimmunesystembecomeslessabletoregulate调节itself.Thismeanstheimmunesystemismorelikelytorunoutofcontrolleadingtoadropinbloodpressuremulti-organfailureandeventuallydeath.Whatarethecommonsymptomsofthedisease?Fever.HeadachE.Jointandmuscleaches.Weakness.DiarrheA.Vomiting.Stomachpain.LackofappetitE.Chills.Rash.Rednessintheeyes.Hiccups.Cough.Sorethroat.Chestpain.Difficultbreathingorswallowing.Bleedinginsideandoutsideofthebody.HowtopreventthespreadofEbola?Ebolacanbespreadprimarilyviadirectcontactwithpatientsspecificallythebloodandfluidsofaninfectedpatient.Weshouldavoidcontactwithinfectedpatientsandobjectssuchasclothingbeddingandneedlesusedbythem.AvoidareaswhereinfectionshavebeenreporteD.FornowthediseasehasonlybeenconfirmedincentralandWestAfricafourcasesinAmericaandEuropE.Avoideatingwild-caughtbushmeat.Researchershavesuspectedthatthediseasecametohumansviaanimalsprobablythroughthemeatofprimates灵长类.Ifyou’reinanareawherethediseasehasbeenreportedavoidpurchasingeatingorhandlingwildgametostayonthesafesidE.Wearprotectivemedicalclothingifyou’rearoundinfectedpatients.Extremecautionisnecessary.Hospitalworkersmustusemasksglovesgogglesandgownswhichneededtobewornatalltimesifyou’rearoundinfectedpatients.HowDoPeopleSurviveEbola?Doctorsdon’tknowforcertainwhowillsurviveEbolaandthereisnospecifictreatmentorcureforthediseasE.Althoughintheminoritysomepeopledorecoverfrominfection.Oursuggestionsinclude:Maintainyourelectrolytes电解质andbodyliquiD.SportsdrinkscanbeuseD.Monitoryourbloodpressureandcontrolitifnecessary.Droppingbloodpressuremaybeaserioussignofinfection.Breatheinanoxygen-richenvironment.Quicklyaddressanysymptomsofinfection.Behonestaboutwhenandwhereyou’refeelingpain.12.Ebolacausesthedeathofahumanbeingby.A.attackinghimwithhighfeverB.regulatinghisimmunesystemC.damaginghisimmunecellsD.harmingallhisorgansdirectly13.WhatisNOTmentionedasthesymptomofEbola?A.FeverandchillsB.SwallowingdifficultyC.LackofappetiteD.Highbloodpressure14.InordernottobeinfectedbyEbolaweshould.A.havetheclothingoftheinfectedcleanedB.avoideatingwildanimalslikemonkeysC.nottraveltoAfricaAmericaorEuropeD.stayathomewithoutgoinganywhere15.Itistruethat.A.acertainnumberofpeoplesurviveEbolaB.humanhasfoundaspecialcureforEbolaC.oxygencansaveinfectedpeople’slivesD.lowbloodpressureissurelycausedbyEbola

Breakfastisnotonlythemostimportantmealofthedayitisalsothemostneglected.Commonreasonsfornoteatingbreakfastincludelackoftimenotfeelinghungrytraditionaldislikeforbreakfastanddieting节食.Breakfastsimplymeansbreakthefast.Yourbodyspendsatleast6to12hourseachnightinafastingstatE.Inthemorningyourbodyneedsenergyfortheday’sworkaheaD.Agoodbreakfastshouldprovideupto1/3ofyourtotalcaloriesneedsfortheday.Onaverage平均weeat400lesscaloriesforbreakfastthanfordinner.Ifbreakfastdoesn’tattractyouinthemorningtryeatingalighterforthebreakfastinthemorning.Ifyouaren’thungryinthemorningstartwithsomethingsmalllikejuiceortoastorhaveanutritious有营养的mid-morningsnackalterwhenyouarehungry.Soyousayyou’reonadiet.SomepeoplefeareatingbreakfastwillmakethemhungrierduringthedayandtheywilleatmorE.ItistruethateatingbreakfastislikelytomakeyoueatmorE.That’sbecauseyourbodyisworkingalldaylonginfactyouareprobablynot.Noteatingbreakfastcanalsocauseyoutoovereatsinceafallinbloodsugaroftenmakesyoufeelveryhungrylater.Tomakemattersworsesinceyourbodyisinaslowedstateitwillnotbeabletoburnthoseextracaloriesveryquickly.Ifyoufeedyourbodyhealthysnacksandmealsthroughthedayyouarelesslikelytobecomehungryandfillyourselfassoonasyoubegintoeat.Sincebreakfastisthefirstandmostimportantmealofthedaychoosingtherightfuelisimportant.Thebestbreakfastfoodsarefruitsjuiceleanmeatandgrainproductssuchasbreadricenoodlesandcereals.谷物21.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNotthereasonforhavingbreakfast?A.TheirtimeislimiteD.B.Theywanttoloseweight.C.Theirstomachsarefull.D.Theywanttostartworkearly.22.What’sthemeaningofthewordfastinthephrasebreakthefast?A.movementB.certainkindoffoodC.quicknessD.goingwithoutfood23.Ifyoudon’twanttohavebreakfastinthemorningthewritersuggestsyou.A.havesomesnackswhenhungryB.seeadoctortohaveanexaminationC.haveagooddinnerD.gotoarestauranttoenjoyagoodmeal24.Fromthepassagewecanknowthewriterbelieves.A.it’sOKnottohavebreakfastB.it’simportanttogoonadietatbreakfastC.youcandecidewhethertohavebreakfastD.it’snecessarytohavearightbreakfast

Howtoeathealthfullycanbeespeciallycomplexforworkingwomenoftenhaveneitherthedesirenorthetimetocookforthemselvesorforanyoneelse.Registereddietitian营养专家BarharaMorrisseysuggeststhatafewsimplerulescanhelp.Gofornutrient-dense营养丰富的foodsshesuggestsfoodsthatcontainamultipleofnutrients.ForexampleselectwholewheatbreadasabreakfastfoodratherthancoffeecakE.Ordrinkorangejuiceratherthanorangedrinkwhichcontainsonlyasmallpercentageofrealjuice-therestislargelycoloredsugarwater.Youjustcan’tcomparethevalueofthesefoodsthenutrientdenseonesaresosuperiorsheemphasizes.Morrisseybelievesthatvarietyisnotonlythespiceoflife—it’sthefoundation基础ofahealthfuldiet.Dietswhicharebasedononeortwofoodsarenotonlyvirtuallyimpossibletokeepupthestrengththeycanbeveryharmfulshesaysbecausenutrientsaren’tsuppliedinsufficientamountsorbalancE.AccordingtoMorrisseytryingtofindadietthatcancureyourillnessesormakeyousuperwomanisafruitlesssearch.AswomenmanyofusaretooconcernedwithstayingthinshesaysandwebelievethatvitaminsaresomekindofmagiccuretoreplacefooD.Weneedcarbohydratesproteinandfat—theyarelikethewoodinthefireplacE.Thevitaminsandmineralsarelikethematchthesparkforthefuelsheexplains.Weneedthemallbutinaverydifferentproportions比例.Andifthefuelisn’ttherethesparkisuseless.32.Fromtheparagraphweknowthatworkingwomen.A.thinkcookingisespeciallycomplicatedB.donotsharethesameviewswithregistereddietitiansC.arebusyandnotinterestedincookingD.arelikelytoeathealthfully33.Orangejuiceisdifferentfromorangedrinkinthat.A.itcontainsonlyasmallpercentageofrealjuiceB.itisnaturalnutritiousandpreparedfromrealorangesC.itislargelyorange-coloredsugarwaterD.itcontainsnothingbutcalories34.InParagraph4afruitlesssearchmeans.A.aneffortwithnoresultsB.asearchforadietwithoutfruitsC.aresearchonfruitlessdietD.adietservingasmedicine35.Bysavingifthefuelisn’ttherethesparkisuselesstheauthormeans.A.carbohydratesproteinandfatareenoughtosupportahumanlifeB.vitaminsandmineralsarevirtuallyofnovalueC.carbohydratesproteinandfatareasimportantasvitaminsandmineralsD.withoutcarbohydratesproteinandfatvitaminsandmineralsareofnouse

OldProblemNewApproachesWhilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylifeglobalwarningwillcontinueforsomedecadesafterCO2emissions排放peak.SoevenifemissionweretobegindecreasetodaywewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatE.HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimateadaptation.Whenitcomestoadaptationitisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandardbuttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.ThisiswhyinpartatleasttheUSNationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat:thereisno‘one-sizefitall’adaptation.Neverthelesstherearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost.AroundtheworldpeopleareadaptinginsurprisingwaysespeciallyinsomepoorcountriesFloodshavesomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.Hisnot-for-profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserverasfloatinglibrariesschoolsandhealthclinicsandareequipmentwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicationfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity连体toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel:hisstaffpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensfishpondspreventstarvationduringthewetseason.AroundtheworldpeopleareadaptinginsurprisingwaysespeciallyinsomepoorcountriesFllodshavebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.MobammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.Hisnot-for-profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibrariesschoodsandhealthclinicsandareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicatingfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconmetivity连接toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel:hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstopreventstarvationduringthewetseason.ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.Chewang.NophellivesinamountainousregioninIndiawhereheisknownastheIceMan.Thelossofglaciers冰川thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculturE.Withouttheglacierswaterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhenitcandamagecrops.Norphel’sinspirationcomefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinterwhenitwasnotneedeD.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfrozeandwasstoreduntilthespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlytimedirrigation灌溉water.Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves.Nophelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200000m3ofwater.ClimatechangeisacontinuingprocesssoNorhel’sicereserveswillnotlastforever.Warmingwillovertakethem.Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswillperhapsbeabletofindothermeansofadapting.IncreasingEarth’sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet.InsouthernSpainthesuddenincreaseofgreenhouseswhichreflectlightbacktospacehaschangedthewarmingtrendlocallyandactuallycooledtheregion.WhileSpainasawholeisheatingupquicklytemperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreaseD.Thisexampleshouldactasaninspirationforallcities.Bypaintingbuildingswhitecitiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess.InPenilocalfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingicE.TheoutcomeisstillfarfromclearButtheWorldBankhasincludedtheprojectonitsof‘100ideastosavetheplanet.MoreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywherE.A.friendofmineownsanareaoflandinwesternVictoriA.Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeentoowetforcropping.Butduringthepastdecadedecliningrainfallhasallowshimtoplanthighlyprofitablecrops.Farmersinmanycountriesarealsoadaptinglikethis—eitherbygrowingnewproduceorbygrowingthesamethingsdifferently.ThisiscommonsenseButsomesuggestionsforadaptingarenot.Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe’velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadaptit’sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual.Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinaryandastonishingways.Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.Afterallifweadaptinthewaywemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers.65.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2implies.A.adaptationisanever-changingprocessB.thecostofadaptationvarieswithtimeC.globalwarmingaffectsadaptationformsD.adaptationtoclimatechangeischallenging66.WhatisspecialwithregardtoRezwan’sproject?A.Theprojectreceivesgovernmentsupport.B.Differentorganizationsworkwitheachother.C.Hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation.D.Theprojectconnectsfloodedroadsandhighways.67.WhatdidtheIceMandotoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming?A.StoringiceforfutureusE.B.Protectingtheglaciersfrommelting.C.ChangingtheirrigationtimE.D.Postponingthemeltingoftheglaciers.68.WhatdowelearnfromthePeruexample?A.Whitepaintisusuallysafeforbuildings.B.TheglobalwarmingtreadcannotbestoppeD.C.Thiscountryisheatinguptooquickly.D.Sunlightreflectionmayrelieveglobalwarming.69.Accordingtotheauthorpollutingindustriesshould.A.adapttocarbonpollutionB.planthighlyprofitablecropsC.leavecarbonemissionaloneD.fightagainstcarbonpollution70.What’stheauthor’spreferredsolutiontoglobalwarming?A.settingupanewstandarD.B.Reducingcarbonemission.C.AdaptingtoclimatechangE.D.Monitoringpollutingindustries.

Apillthatcreatesthedesiretoexercise?Scientistshavediscoveredacompoundthatcouldmakesit-upsandStairMastersasattractiveassnacksandthesofA.36.Obesity-relatedconditionsheartdiseasestroketype2diabetesandcertaintypesofcancercomprise包含thenation’sleadingcausesofdeath.Whenitcomestothecompetitionbetweenfoodandexercisefoodclearlywinstheblueribbon.Butit’snotforlackofdesirE.TypeinmotivationtoexerciseinGoogleandprepareyourselffor61900000results.It’sjusthardtogetintotherhythmofgoingtothegym.Sohardinfactthatpeopleoftenopt挑选forwacky古怪的weightlossfads黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸dietgogglesanyone?andquestionabledietsinsteadhellofeedingtubediet.37.Butasresearchersarestrugglingtocreatesafeandeffectiveweightlossdrugswhatiftherewasapilltomakeyouwanttoworkout?38.A.teamofSwissresearchersfoundthatwhenahormoneinthebraincallederythropoietinEpowaselevated提升inmicethemiceweremoremotivatedtoexercisE.HereweshowthatEpoincreasesthemotivationtoexercisesaidMaxGassmannD.V.M.aresearcherinvolvedintheworkfromtheInstituteofVeterinary兽医的PhysiologyVetsuisse-FacultyandZurichCenterforIntegrative综合的HumanPhysiologyattheUniversityofZurichinSwitzerlanD.Popapillandchampatthebittohitthegym?39.obviouslybutalsomentalhealthdisordersforwhichexerciseisknowntoimprovesymptoms.Ifyoucan’tputexerciseinapillthenmaybeyoucanputthemotivationtoexerciseinapillinsteadsaidGeraldWeissmannM.D.editor-in-chiefofTheFASEBJournalwhichpublishedtheresearch.Asmoreandmorepeoplebecomeoverweightandobesewemustattacktheproblemfromallangles.Maybethedaywillcomewhengymsareaseasilyfoundasfast-foodrestaurants.40.A.Buttheyareintheirownways.B.Ortheysimplysurrendertoobesity.C.Morethanone-thirdofU.S.adultsareobesE.D.Assciencefictionseeminglycomestolifeitmaybecomeareality.E.Thiswouldhaveremarkablebenefitsforawiderangeofhealthproblems—obesityF.SomepeopleareverygladtobeflatteredbyothersduetooverweightandfatG.NowiftheycanjustcomeupwithapillthatmotivatesyoutocleanthehousE.

Adultsarehappytotelltheirchildrenthatcrusts面包皮willgivethemcurlyhaircarrotswillhelpthemseeinthedarkandspinachwillmakethemstrong.Eventhoughadultsknowit'snottotallytruetheythinkit'sgoodfortheirchildren'shealthastudyhadfounD.Inastudyabout31percentofadultssaidtheyoncetoldtheirchildrenthecurlyhairtaleand36percentsaidthey'dbeentoldthesamethingbytheirmotherorfather.Amongtheover-50salmosthalfsaidthey'dbeenpromisedcurlyhairiftheyatetheircrusts.A.quarterofthe2000adultsquestionedinthestudytoldtheirchildrencarrotswouldhelpthemseeinthedark.ThiscouldbetruetosomeextentbecauseofthehighlevelsofvitaminA.andbeta-caroteneinrootvegetables.Anotherfavoriteamongparentsisthatmilkwillmakeonestrong.A.thirdsurveyedsaidtheirparentstoldthemthisandabout29percentsaidtheytoldtheirchildrenthesamething.Butwhilethereisplentyofevidencetosuggestmilkisgoodforpeople'shealththerearealsoalotofscientificpaperssayingitisn't.ThankstoPopeyespinachisalsofedtochildrenalongwiththeideathatitwillmakethemstrong.Whilethereisalsosometruthinthisonescientistsnowbelieveitisnottheironbuttheinorganicnitrates无机硝酸盐thatimprovephysicalpower.OneinsevenofthesurveyedadmittedtellingtheirlittleonesthatrunnerbeanswillmakethemrunfasterwhichisnothingmorethanwordplayandhasnobasisinsciencE.AlmostoneinfiveadultsweresubjectedtothesametaleinchildhooD.Justoveronein10parentstoldtheirchildrengreenfoodwouldturnthemintoasuperheroandaquarteradmittedhidingvegetablesinmeals.LyndsayJonesspokesmanforPersilWashingUpLiquidsaidIt'sclearthatthemostpersuasivestoriesaboutfoodarepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Ourresearchshowsthattheideascontinueandwetellourkidsthesamethingsourparentstoldusevenifthey'renotalwaysentirelytruE.Crustsmaynotmakeyourhaircurlybutthere'splentyofresearchthatsayscrustscontainmoreofthegoodnessthantherestofaloaf.HopefullyasaresultofourCookwithKidspromisemoreparentswillbeencouragedtospendtimewiththeirchildreninthekitchenandteachthemthetruthaboutfooD.12.WecanknowfromParagraph3that________.A.athirdpeopleareforcedtodrinkmilkbytheirparentsB.milkisbeneficialtochildren'sphysicalstrengthC.thereisdoubtwhethermilkishelpfultopeople'shealthD.about29percentpeoplewishtheirchildrengoodhealth13.WhichofthefollowingdoesLyndsayJonesagree?A.AdultsarewillingtoteachtheirchildrenastheirparentsdiD.B.MostpersuasivestoriesaboutfoodarefalsE.C.Storiesaboutfoodshouldn'tbepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.D.Parentscan'tmakesureifsomestoriesaboutfoodaretotallytruE.14.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A.scientiststhinktheironinspinachhelpschildrengrowstrongB.parentsareexpectedtotellchildrenthetruthaboutfoodC.runnerbeanscanreallymakechildrenrunfastD.crustsaresaidtocontainlessnutritionthanaloaf15.Howisthepassagemainlydeveloped?A.ByfollowingtimeorderB.Bymakingcomparisons.C.BygivingexamplesD.Byanalyzingcauses.

High-techmachineshavemadelifeeasierformillionsaroundtheworld.Howeversomepeoplestillpreferlow-techwaysofdoingthings.Here’sanexampleofwhythisishappening.Youcanmicrowaveafrozenhamburgerin60seconds.Howeveritwon’ttasteasgoodasoneyoucookonthestove.Andifyou’reinthatmuchofahurryyouprobablywon’ttaketimetotoastthebun.High-techcookingsavestimebutitdoesn’tmakeforbetter-tastingmeals.Mostpeoplegettheirnewsfromhigh-techsourcesliketelevisionortheInternet.Thishasmanyadvantages.Forexampleelectronicnewsismoreuptodatethannewspapersormagazines.It’salsomoreexcitingtoseeliveandvideotapednewseventsthanphotographs.Howevernewspapersandmagazineshavesomeimportantadvantages.Theygivemorebackgroundanddetails.Theyalsoletyoureadthepartsthatareimportanttoyouandskiptherest.Otherhigh-techtimesavershavesimilardisadvantages.Forexamplemostpeopleusethephoneore-mailtostayintouchwithfriendsandfamilymemberswholiveinotherplaces.ButwhenyouusetheInternetorthephoneyouwon’talwaysthinkcarefullyaboutwhatyouaresayingandsometimesyouforgettheimportantthingsyouwanttocommunicate.Similarlywhenyouword-processahomeworkassignmentinsteadofhandwritingityoucancheckyourspellingelectronicallyandputinfancyheadings.Howeversomestudentsaresobusywiththecomputerthattheydon’tpayenoughattentiontotheactualwordstheyarewriting.21.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Thewriterlikeshigh-techcookingB.Low-techcookingproducesbetter-tastingmeals.C.High-technewsprogramsalwayskeepsyoureadingwhatisimportanttoyou.D.Handwrittenhomeworkisbetterthanword-processedhomework.22.Howdoesthewriterfeelabouthigh-techtools?A.Betterlatethannever.B.Easycomeeasygo.C.Everycoinhastwosides.D.Learntowalkbeforeyourun.23.Whatisthemainsubjectdiscussedinthetext?A.High-techvslow-tech.B.Advantagesvsdisadvantages.C.NewspapersandmagazinesvstelevisionandtheInternet.D.Word-processingvshandwriting.24.Howisthetextorganized?A.Mainidea-Argument-ExplanationB.Opinion-Discussion-DescriptionC.Topic-Comparison-Supportingexamples.D.Introduction-Supportingexamples-Discussion.

ManisalandanimalbutheisalsocloselytiedtotheseA.Throughouthistorytheseahasservedtheneedsofman.Theseahasprovidedmanwithfoodandaconvenient便利的waytotraveltomanypartsoftheworlD.Todaynearlytwo-thirdsoftheworld’spopulationlivewithin80kilometersoftheseacoast.Inthemoderntechnologicalworldtheseaoffersmanyresourcestohelpmankindsurvive=continuetolive.Resourcesonlandarebeginningtobeusedup.Theseahoweverstillcanbehopedtosupplymanyofman’sneeds.Thelistofrichesoftheseayettobedevelopedbyman’stechnologyisimpressivE.Oilandgasexplorations探险havebeencarriedoutfornearly30years.Valuableamountsofmineralsexistontheoceanfloorreadytobemined开采.FishfarmingpromisestobeagoodwaytoproducelargequantitiesoffooD.Thecultureoffishandshellfish贝类动物isanancientskillpracticedinthepastmainlybyOrientalpeoplE.Besidesoilandgastheseamayoffernewsourcesofenergy.Expertsbelievethatthewarmtemperatureoftheoceancanbeusedinawaysimilartothesteaminasteamship.Oceancurrents水流andwavesofferpossibleuseasasourceofenergy.Technologyisenablingmantoexplore勘探evermoredeeplyundertheseA.ThedevelopmentofstrongnewmaterialshasmadethispossiblE.ThetechnologytoharvesttheseacontinuestoimprovE.Expertsbelievethatbytheyear2000theproblemsthatpreventusfromexploitingfullythefoodmineralsandenergysourcesoftheseawillbelargelysolveD.60.Themajorthingsthattheseaoffersmanare______.A.fishandoilB.mineralsandoilC.warmtemperatureandoceancurrentsD.thefoodenergysourcesandminerals61.Theseaservestheneedsofmanbecause______.A.inprovidesmanwithfoodB.itoffersoiltomanC.itsuppliesmanwithmineralsD.alloftheabove62.Wecanconcludefromthispassagethat______.A.thesearesourceshavelargelybeenusedupB.theseainthebroadsensehasnotyetbeendevelopedC.theproblemsthatpreventusfromusingthefoodmineralsandenergysourcesoftheseahavealreadybeensolveD.D.bytheyear2000thetechnologywillbegoodenoughtoexploitallthesearesources63.TheunderlinedwordsOrientalpeopleinthefourthparagraphprobablymean______.A.thepeopleinAsiaB.AfricanpeopleC.EuropeanpeopleD.Americanpeople64.Thebesttitleforthispassageis______.A.SeaHarvestB.SeaFoodC.TechnologyforExploitingtheSeaD.ManandtheSea

ScientistsannouncedonThursdayFebruary112016atapressconferenceinWashingtonD.C.thatthemorethanhalf-centurysearchforgravitationalwavesfinallysucceedeD.Theyconfirmedthattheyhaddetectedgravitationalwavescausedbytwoblackholesmixingtogetherabout1.3billionyearsago.IthadbeenthefirsttimethephenomenonwasdirectlydetectedsinceitwaspredictedbyAlbertEinsteinl00yearsago.AChinaledspacegravitationalwavedetectionprojectisrecruiting招募researchersfromaroundtheworldchinanewscomreporteD.TheTianqinprojectwasstartedbySunYat-senUniversityinZhuhhai.Itcentersonresearchofkeytechnologiesinspacegravitationalwavedetection.Tomaketheprojectmorecompetitiveglobaltalentsinareassuchasgravitytheoryspacegravityexperimentsandprecisionmeasurementaresoughtwithanannualsalaryofupto1millionyuan$153.000.accordingtothereport.GravitationalwavesarenoteasilydetectablE.WhentheyreachtheEarthanextremelysensitivedetectorisneededasothersourcesofnoisecanoverwhelmthesignal.LuoJun.presidentofSunYatsenUniversitysaidthedetectionofgravitationalwavesisahugechallengeandtheprojectreflectstheresearchcompetenceofChinA.The15-billionyuanprojectaimstosendwave-detectionsatellitesintospacein15to20yearswithconstructionofaresearchcenterandobservatorytobestartedsoon.ResearcherswilllikelycooperatewithotherscientistsfromtheEuropeanSpaceAgency’sLISAProject.Gravitationalwavesareripples涟漪inspacetimegeneratedduringtheearliestmomentoftheuniversewhentheuniverseexperiencedabriefbutdisorderedperiodofexpansion.ThedetectionofgravitationalwavesisbelievedtohelpscientistsunderstandmoremysteriesoftheuniversE.5.Whatcanwelearnaboutgravitationalwaves?A.Theycausedblackholestomixtogether.B.Theycameoutabouthalfacenturyago.C.TheyworeprovedtruebyAlbertEinstein.D.Theyhavebeendiscoveredrecently.6.AccordingtothepassagetheTianqinprojectisintendedto.A.developtechnologiestodetectspacegravitationalwavesB.attracttalentedresearchersfromacrosstheglobeC.conductvariousspacegravityexperimentsD.seekprecisionmeasurementinspace7.Theunderlinedwordoverwhelminthethirdparagraphprobablymeans.A.absorbB.replaceC.removeD.cover8.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.A.explaintheimportanceofthegravitationalwavedetectionB.presentsomenewfindingsinspaceexplorationC.introduceagravitationalwaveresearchprojectD.encourageinternationalcooperationinscientificresearch

Asmallrobotmayhelpchildrenwhoarerecoveringfromalong-termillnessesinthehospitalorathomE.Thesechildrenmayfeelisolatedfromtheirfriendsandclassmates.Therobottakestheirplaceatschool.Throughtherobotthechildrencanheartheirteachersandfriends.Theyalsocantakepartinclassfromwherevertheyarerecovering.ANorwegiancompanycalledNoIsolationcreatedarobot.Theco-foundersofNoIsolationareKarenDolvaandMariusAabel.TherobotiscalledAV1.AV1goestoschoolforachildwhoisathomewhilerecoveringfromalong-termillness.Andthechild’sschoolfriendsmusthelp.Theycarrytherobotbetweenclassesandplacetherobotonthechild’sdesk.DolvaexplainshowtherobotAV1works.Shesaysfromhomethechildusesatabletorphonetostarttherobot.Thentheyusethesamedevicetocontroltherobot’smovements.AtschooltherobotbecomestheeyesearsandvoiceofthechilD.Thechildcantakepartinclassroomactivitiesfromwherevershe/heisrecovering—whetherathomeorfromahospitalbeD.Therobotisequippedwithspeakersmicrophonesandcamerasmakecommunicatingeasy.Itwasdesignedtobetough.ItiswaterresistantandcantakeafallfromadeskwithoutdamagE.InsideAV1thereisasmallcomputerconnectedtoa4Gnetwork.A.smallcamerahookeduptoasmallcomputercoulddothejoB.ButthatwouldnotbethesamE.AV1islargeandlookslikeahumanforareason.Dolvasaysthisisimportantbecausetherobotissupposedtobeafriendtothechildren.Androbotsarequitesimplycool.TherobotjustbecameavailabletothepubliC.HopefullyAV1willhelpsomechildrenfeellesslonelywhiletheyareabsentfromclass.25.WhichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedwordisolatedinParagraph2?A.freedB.tiredC.bannedD.separated26.WhatcanweknowaboutAV1?A.Itcangotoschoolonitsown.B.ItissmallandlookslikeakiD.C.Itcanreplacechildrentoattendclasses.D.ItwascreatedbyDolvaandAabel.27.HowarethemovementsofAV1controlled?A.ByusingatabletorphonE.B.Byjoininginclassroomactivities.C.Throughasmallspeaker.D.ThroughasmallcamerA.28.WhoisAV1mainlydesignedfor?A.Childrenwhohavejustrecoveredfromillnesses.B.Childrenwhocan’tgotoschoolforalongtimE.C.Childrenwhoareboredwithgoingtoschool.D.Childrenwhocan’tseehearorspeak.

Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthierhavebettermarriagesandhavemorerespectablejobs.Personaladvisorsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants.Butintheexecutive主管的circlebeautycanbecomealiability.Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladderitisharmfultoawoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswereconsideredhavingmorehonestythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoleadtotheirsuccess.Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelesshonestythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasconnectednotwithabilitybutwithfactorssuchasluck.Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemorehonestyandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestinglythoughtheriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasconnectedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanthatoftheattractiveovernightsuccesses.Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?AnattractivewomanisconsideredtobemorefemininehasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobsbutanattractivewomaninatraditionallymanlypositionappearstolackthemanlyqualifiesrequireD.ThisistrueeveninpoliticsWhentheonlyclueishowheorshelookspeopletreatmenandwomendifferentlysaysAnneBowmanwhorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates候选人.Sheasked125undergraduatestudentstoranktwogroupsofphotographsoneofmenandoneofwomeninorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagainintheordertheywouldvoteforthem.Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalescompletelydefeatedunattractivemenbutthewomenwhohadrankedmostattractiveunchangeablyreceivedthefewestvotes.Thewordliabilitymostprobablymeans________.A.disadvantageB.advantageC.misfortuneD.troubleBowman'sexperimentshowsthatwhenitcomestopoliticsattractiveness________A.turnsouttobeadisadvantagetomenB.ismoreofadisadvantagethananadvantagetowomenC.hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomenD.affectsmenandwomenalikeItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpeople'sviewsonbeautyareoften________.A.practicalB.supportiveC.old-fashionedD.one-sidedTheauthorwritesthispassageto________.A.giveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractiveB.discussthedisadvantagesofbeingattractiveC.demandequalrightsforwomenD.statetheimportanceofappearance

TherehavealwaysbeenalotofcommonlybelievedbutfalseideasaboutbeingfatanddoingexercisE.Somepeoplebelievethattheycan’thelpputtingonweightastheygetolderwhileothersholdthatiftheystopexercisingtheirmuscleswillturnintofat.Herearesomemoremyths:I’llneverloseweight---IcomefromafatfamilyWrong!Whilewecan’tchangethebodytypewearebornwithwecan’tblameourgenesformakingusfat.There’splentyofevidencethatfatnessrunsinfamiliesandthemainreasonisthattheysharethesamehabitsofeatingtoomuchandexercisetoolittlE.IamfatbecauseIburncaloriesslowlyWrong!Fatnessisnotcausedbyaslowmetabolism新陈代谢.Iffactalthoughfatpeopleconsumemoreenergythatslimpeopletheyalsofailtorealizehowmuchtheyeat!Keepingadiarycanhelpyouworkoutyourdailyfoodintakemoreaccurately.ExerciseisboringWrong!Anythingwillbecomeboringifyoudoitrepetitively.Thekeyistodevelopabalancedandvariedprogramthat’sfunaswellasprogressivE.IfyouenjoyaSundaywalktakeadifferentroutE.IfyoudoYogatryataichiclass.IfyoulikeswimmingsetyourselfadistanceortimechallengE.NopainnogainWrong!Exerciseisnotmeanttohurt.Indeedpainisyourbodytellingyousomething’swrongandcontinuingtoexercisecouldleadtoseriousinjury.Youmayexperiencemilddiscomfortasyoubegintoexerciseregularlybutthisyourbodyadaptingtothepositivechangesinyourlifestyleandtheachesshoulddisappearrelativelyquickly.Ifyoudon’trestandseekmedicaladvicE.12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutbeingfat?A.Itisthefamilygenesthatmakepeoplefat.B.Peoplearefatbecausetheyconsumetoolittleenergy.C.A.diaryofexercisecanpreventpeoplefrombecomingfat.D.Itistheconsequenceofpeople’sunbalancedlifestylE.13.Accordingtotheauthorhowcanwemakeexercisemoreinteresting?A.BytakingvariedexercisE.B.BychoosingsimpleexercisE.C.BydoingregularexercisE.D.BystickingtooutdoorexercisE.14.Whatistheauthor’sopinionaboutNopainnogaininexercising?A.KeepingfitisessentiallyapainfulexperiencE.B.Exerciseshouldbestoppedifcontinuouspainisfelt.C.Paininexerciseisapreconditionforreachingyourgoal.D.Gettingusedtopainleadstopositivechangesinyourbody.15.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Todeclaretheimportanceofkeepingfit.B.ToclarifysomemisconceptionsaboutfatnessandexercisE.C.Toconfirmwhathaslongbeenbelievedaboutkeepingfit.D.ToexplainsomemedicalfactsaboutbeingfatanddoingexercisE.

Runnerswhoencountervisualandauditory听觉的distractions分心maybemorelikelytosufferleginjuriesaccordingtoaresearchbytheAssociationofAcademicPhysiatristsinLasVegas.RunnersoftenseekdistractionsfromthetaskathanD.Whetheritismusictextingdaydreamingtakinginthesightsorproppingabookuponthetreadmill跑步机moreoftenthannotadistractioniswelcomE.ButresearchersfromtheUniversityofFloridahaverecentlydiscoveredthatthosedistractionsmayleadtoinjury.DanielHermanMDPhDassistantprofessoratUniversityofFloridaandhisteamconductedaresearchontheeffectofvisualandauditorydistractionson14runnerstodeterminewhateffectifanythesedistractionswouldhaveonthingssuchasheartratehowmucharunnerbreathesperminutehowmuchoxygenisconsumedbythebodythespeedinwhichrunnersapplyforcetotheirbodiesandtheforcethegroundappliestotherunners’bodieswhentheycomeincontactwithit.Therunnerswereallinjuryfreeatthetimeofthestudyandran31mileseachweek.Dr.Herman’steamhadeachparticipantrunonatreadmillthreeseparatetimes.Thefirsttimewaswithoutanydistractions.Thesecondtimeaddedavisualdistractionduringwhichtherunnersconcentratedonascreendisplayingdifferentlettersindifferentcolorswiththerunnershavingtonotewhenaspecificletter-colorcombinationappeareD.ThethirdtimeaddedanauditorydistractionsimilartothevisualdistractionwiththerunnershavingtonotewhenaparticularwordwasspokenbyaparticularvoicE.Whencomparedtorunningwithoutdistractionstheparticipantshadfasterapplicationofforcetotheirleftandrightlegscalledloadingratewithauditoryandvisualdistractions.Theyalsoexperiencedanincreasedamountofforcefromthegroundonbothlegscalledgroundreactionforcewithauditorydistractions.Finallytherunnerstendedtobreatheheavierandhavehigherheartrateswithvisualandauditorydistractionsthanwithoutanydistractionsatall.RunninginenvironmentswithdifferentdistractionsmayunfavorablyaffectrunningperformanceandinjuryriskexplainsDr.Herman.Sometimesthesethingscannotbeavoidedbutyoumaybeabletominimizepotentiallycumulative累积的effects.Forexamplewhenrunninganewrouteinanoisyenvironmentsuchasduringadestinationmarathonyoumaywanttoskiplisteningtosomethingwhichmayrequiremoreattention—likeanewsongplaylist.Dr.Herman’steamwillcontinuetoinvestigatethepotentialrelationshipbetweendistractedrunningandleginjuriesandanyeffectthisrelationshiphasondifferenttrainingtechniquesthatuseauditoryorvisualcues.32.Paragraph2tellsustheresearch______.A.processB.resultsC.questionsD.reflection33.Basedontheresearchrunnerswithauditorydistractionstendedto______.A.breatheheavierandhavelowerheartratesB.getanincreasedamountofgroundreactionforceC.applymoreforcewithlessoxygenconsumptionD.gainafasterspeedwithslowerloadingrates34.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Runningwithdistractionsbecomesuncommonnowadays.B.ListeningtoanewsongwhilerunningguaranteesperformancE.C.Runnersaremorelikelytogetinjuredinanenvironmentwithoutdistractions.D.Runnersareadvisedtominimizedistractionsinadestinationmarathon.35.WhatisprobablythenexttaskforDr.Herman’steam?A.Whatdeterminestrainingtechniques.B.Howdistractionsshouldbeusedintraining.C.Whyrunnersuseauditoryandvisualcues.D.Whateffectivewayscancureleginjuries.

Drinkingmorethantwoalcoholicdrinksdailyinmiddle-agemayraiseyourstrokeriskmorethantraditionalfactorssuchashighbloodpressureanddiabetesaccordingtonewresearchintheAmericanHeartAssociationjournalStrokE.Inastudyof11644middle-agedSwedishtwinswhowerefollowedfor43yearsresearcherscomparedtheeffectsofanaverageofmorethantwodrinksdailyheavydrinkingtolessthanhalfadrinkdailylightdrinking.Thestudyshowedthat:·Heavydrinkershadabouta34percenthigherriskofstrokecomparedtolightdrinkers.·Mid-lifeheavydrinkersintheir50sand60swerelikelytohaveastrokefiveyearsearlierinlifeirrespectiveofgeneticandearly-lifefactors.·Heavydrinkershadincreasedstrokeriskintheirmid-lifecomparedtowell-knownriskfactorslikehighbloodpressureanddiabetes.·Ataroundage75bloodpressureanddiabetesappearedtotakeoverasoneofthemaininfluencesonhavingastrokE.PaststudieshaveshownthatalcoholaffectsstrokeriskbutthisisthefirststudytopinpointdifferenceswithagE.Wenowhaveaclearerpictureabouttheseriskfactors----howtheychangewithageandhowtheinfluenceofdrinkingalcoholshiftsaswegetoldersaidPavlaKadlecováM.SC.astatisticianatSt.Anne'sUniversityHospital'sInternationalClinicalResearchCenterintheCzechRepubliC.ResearchersanalyzedresultsfromtheSwedishTwinRegistryofsame-sextwinswhoansweredquestionnairesin1967-1970.Alltwinswereunderage60atthestart.By2010theRegistryhadprovided43yearsoffollow-upincludinghospitaldischarge出院andcauseofdeathdatA.Researchersthensorted整理thedatabasedonstrokeshighbloodpressurediabetesandothercardiovascular心血管incidents.Almost30percentofparticipantshadastrokE.Theywerecategorizedaslightmoderateheavyornon-drinkersbasedonthequestionnaires.Researcherscomparedtheriskfromdrinkingandhealthriskslikehighbloodpressurediabetesandsmoking.Amongidenticaltwinpairssiblings兄弟姐妹whohadastrokedrankmorethantheirsiblingswhohadn'thadastrokesuggestingthatmid-lifedrinkingraisesstrokerisksregardlessofgeneticsandearlylifestylE.Thestudyisconsistent一致withtheAmericanHeartAssociation'srecommendedlimitoftwodrinksadayformenandoneforwomen.That'sabout8ouncesofwineforamanand4ouncesforawoman.Regularheavydrinkingofanykindofalcoholcanraisebloodpressureandcauseheartfailureorirregularheartbeatsovertimeinadditiontostrokeandotherrisks.Formid-agedadultsavoidingmorethantwodrinksadaycouldbeawaytopreventstrokeinlaterproductiveageKadlecovásaiD.67.Whomightbethetargetreadersofthepassage?A.PeoplewhohavesufferedastrokeB.PeoplewhohavetwinsiblingsC.PeoplewhohavehighbloodpressureD.Peoplewholikedrinking68.Whatdoweknowaboutthestudyinthepassage?A.ItrevealedfiverelatedresultsB.Itlastedforaperiodofover50yearsC.ItinvolvedtheagefactorinthecausesofstrokesD.Itincluded11644Australiantwinsasparticipants69.Theunderlinedpartirrespectiveofinthepassagecanbestbereplacedby_________.A.infavorofB.intermsofC.regardlessofD.insteadof70.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.ThereisahigherpossibilitythatheavydrinkerswillhaveastrokeinmiddleageB.PeoplewithoutastrokecandrinkmorealcoholthanthosehavingastrokeinmiddleageC.DrinkingalcoholhasbeenregardedasthemostdangerousfactorinstrokesD.Theamountofalcoholtakenbymenshouldbetwicethanthattakenbywomen.

RetirednurseSueCollinswasjustbeginningthesecondlengthofherlocalpoolwhenhermorningswimsuddenlybecameanythingbutapleasurE.TwomonthsagoSue69whohasneversufferedfromasthmaoranyotherbreathingprobleminthepastsuddenlyfoundherselfhardforbreath.Ifeltasifmythroatandoesophagus食道wereclosingupsaysSuE.Sueisconvincedtheproblemisrelatedtotheindoorswimmingbaths.IspendhalftheyearinTurkeyandswimeverydayoutsideinapoolortheseathereandneverhavethisproblemshesays.Shemayberightbecausealthoughatriptothepoolistheperfectexerciseformanythechlorine氯气usedtokeepthewaterfreefromgermscanleadtoproblems.Butinmostcasesit’snotthechlorinethatcausesproblemsbuttheby-productsformedwhenchlorineinteractswithothersubstances—andthisismostlyduetopeoplenotshoweringbeforetheyenterthepool.ThisthenpoisonsthewaterforthemandforotherssaysDr.Hull.Thechlorineinteractswithsweatandurine尿素ontheskinandformsby-productscalledchloraminesthatfloatabovethesurfaceasagaseoussolutionthatcanbeinhaledin.Chloraminesareheavierthanairsohangoverthewaterwheretheyareeasilybreathedin.Somebelievetheymaycauselungdisorders.A.Swedishstudyin2013examiningthehealthof146workersat46indoorpoolsfoundthat17percenthadairwaytroubleatwork—butnoproblemsathomE.AsDr.Hullsays:‘Peopleneedtorememberthatshoweringisn’tjustforthem.ItisforthegreatergooD.’32.WheredidSuesuddenlysufferfromasthma?A.inanoutdoorswimmingpoolB.intheseaC.inanindoorswimmingpoolD.athome33.Whyshouldweputchlorineintothewaterofthepool?A.TokeepthewaterwarmB.TokillthegermsinthewaterC.TomakethepeopleeasytobreatheD.Tostopthepossibilityofasthma34.Takingashowerbeforeswimminginthepoolisto_____A.stoptheinteractionbetweenthechlorineandsweatandurineontheskinB.maketheswimmerfeelcomfortableC.obeytheruleofthepoolD.stoppeoplefrombreathinginthechlorine35.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A.ToshowhowtoavoidasthmaB.Toexplainchloramines’susageC.TohelppeoplecureasthmaD.Totellpeoplewhytotakeashowerbeforeswimminginapool

A.recentstudyledbyresearchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingaporeNUShasfoundaclearlinkbetweenthecolorofataxianditsaccidentratE.Ananalysisof36monthsofdetailedtaxidriverandaccidentdatafromtwofleetsofyellowandbluetaxisinSingaporesuggestedthatyellowtaxishavefeweraccidentsthanbluetaxis.Thehighervisibility能见度ofyellowmakesitlessdifficultfordriverstoavoidgettingintoaccidentswithyellowtaxisleadingtoaloweraccidentratE.ThestudywasledbyProfHo.TotestwhethertherewasarelationshipbetweenthecolorofataxiandthenumberofaccidentsthetaxihadtheresearchteamanalyseddatacollectedbythelargesttaxicompanyinSingaporE.Theresearchersfoundthatyellowtaxishaveabout6.1feweraccidentsper1000taxispermonth.Theyalsostudiedtheeconomiceffectofchangingthecoloroftheentirefleetoftaxistoyellow.TheSingaporetaxicompanyinvolvedinthestudyownsabout16700taxisinaratio比例ofoneyellowtothreebluetaxis.Ifacommercialdecisionismadetoswitchfrombluetoyellowtaxis76.6feweraccidentswilloccurpermonthor917feweraccidentsperyear.Assuminganaveragerepaircostof$1000percarandadowntimeofsixdaysthecolorofalltaxistoyellowcouldproduceanannualsavingof$2million.Weareeagertocontinuetovalidate证实thefindingsofourstudybylookingattheuseofyellowinothertypesofpublictransportsuchasschoolbuses.Forexamplewehopetocomparetheaccidentratesofyellowschoolbusesagainstthoseofothercolorstofindoutifyellowisindeedasafercolorforschoolbuses.Besideswe’realsointerestedtolookatprivate-hirevehiclesanddoacomparisonoftheaccidentratesofvehiclesthatareofdifferentcolorsexplainedProfHo.21.WhatdoProfHo’swordsinthelastparagraphsuggest?A.Schoolbusesshouldbepaintedyellow.B.TheirstudywillbefurthereD.C.Theirfindingsareworthpopularizing.D.Yellowshouldbewidelyusedinpublictransport.22.What’sProfHo’sstudybasedon?A.PhysicalriskstaxipassengersexperiencE.B.Theeconomiceffectofchangingtaxicolor.C.PersonalreportsfromtaxidriversworldwidE.D.DatafromSingapore’slargesttaxicompany.23.Whydoyellowtaxisresultinfeweraccidents?A.Becauseyellowsignalsawarningofdanger.B.Becauseyellowcanbeseenmoreeasily.C.Becausedriverstendtohemorecarefulinyellowtaxis.D.Becausepeopleactmorequicklyinyellowsurroundings.24.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SafertoRideinYellowTaxis.B.Caution:YellowTaxisaheaD.C.WhyAreYellowTaxisPreferred?D.HowCanColorsHelpPreventAccidents?

Howlonghas3-Dtechnologybeenaround?Mostofusmightthinkofcrowdsofteenagersina1950’smoviehousewatchingBwanaDevilin3-D.But3-Dtechnologymadeitsfirstappearanceonthescenein1838withthefirststereoscope体视镜.Andthefirstactual3-Dmoviewasa1903filmcalledLeAriveed’unTrain.Althoughithassuchalonghistorythetechnologyhasstillremainedbasedononesimpleprinciple-----tomake3-DeffectsyoumustfindawaytoprojecttwoslightlydifferentpicturestoeacheyE.Modern3-Dtechnologyworksbyrapidlyflickering闪动twoversionsofthemovieandprojectingthemontoeacheyE.Thebraindoestherestoftheworkcombiningthetwopicturestogetherintooneandgivingtheshowtheappearanceofdepththethirddimension.Butdoesthisexposureespeciallylongexposurescauseharmtothechild’sdevelopingbrainandvisualsystem?Unfortunatelylong-termstudiesonnewflickerdigital3-Dtechnologyandchildrenaren’tyetavailablE.Wedonotknowifregularordaily3-Dviewingoveryearsaffectsthedevelopingvisualsystemalthougholder3-Dmethodsbasicallydothesamethingandarenotconsideredharmful.Thequestionofpossibleharminmodern3-DuseinTVisreallybasedontwofacts:theamountoftimechildrenwillnowbewatching3-DTVeachdayandthesensitivitysomechildrenshowinreactionto3-Dviewing.Itisdifficulttomakeactuallabstudiesoflongerterm3-Dviewinginchildrenbecauseofthepossibleharmoftheexperiment.Researcherswillhavetowaituntil3-DTVtechnologyisalreadyinthemarketplaceforanumberofyearsthencheckheavy3-DTVwatchersandcomparethemwithnon-watchers.Witha3-Dtelevisiontechnologyinthehomewewillsoonbeabletoanswerthequestionofwhetherornotlongerandmorefrequentperiodsof3-Dexposurecausemorechangesinthevisualsystem.WemayfindthatthebiggerproblemistheintroductionofanewtechnologythatleadstoevenmoretimespentonTVratherthanplayingoutdoors.8.Accordingtothetext3-Dtechnology______A.wasrefusedbypeoplewhenitfirstappeareD.B.willsoonchangethewaywewatchTV.C.doesnogoodtoourvisualsystem.D.hasahistoryofnearly200years.9.Paragraph2ismainlyabout________A.how3-Dtechnologyworks.B.why3-DmoviesarepopularC.thehistoryof3-Dtechnology.D.theinfluenceof3-Dtechnology.10.What’sthemethodsuggestedinparagraph4?A.TowaitandseeB.TocarryoutlabstudiesC.Tostopmaking3-DmoviesD.Toimprove3-Dtechnology11.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthetextisto_______A.askchildrennottowatch3-DmoviesB.discussif3-Dviewingisharmfultochildren.C.introducetheadvantagesof3-Dtechnology.D.predictthedevelopmentof3-Dtechnology.

Itisreportedthatbagsaregettingbiggerallthetimeandthattherearemorebagsperpersononthestreettodaythanatanyothertimeinhistory.Ifthisistruepossibleexplanationscouldincludethewideuseofsmallelectricandelectronicgadgets装置areading-materialexplosionapopularinteresttowardtightorpocketlessclothingorcheapbagmakinglaboroverseas.Butmuchasnaturefindsways--suchasdisease--tocontroloverpopulationcitylifehasthrownupimpediments障碍tobagstoentermanypublicbuildingstheatresballparksandperhapsevenundergroundrailwaystationsyoumustgothroughasearchorgobagless.Thecityhascountlessbagrules.Itishardtokeepthemallstraightandyou'reneversurewhenleavinghomeforthedaywhetheritmightbeabadideatobringonealong.LastweektheNewYorkPublicLibrarygotinthegamE.StudentsresearcherswritershistoriansandanyoneelsewhohasgotusedovertheyearstotreatingthevastRoseMainReadingRoomasanofficeorareadingroomcameupagainstanewrulE.Youarenolongerallowedtobringabaglargerthaneleveninchesbyfourteeninchesintothelibrary.Ifyouwalkinwithoneyoumustleaveitatthecoatcheck.Youmaykeepitscontentswithyouhoweverandthelibraryprovidesbigclearplasticbagsforthem.Youreturnthemwhenyoucomebackforyourownbag.Whatthelibraryistryingtopreventinthiscaseispeopletakingthingsoutratherthanbringingthingsin.A.librariansaidontheseconddayIt'sabigchangeforpeoplewhousedcomeandbringinhalftheirflats.Thepeoplewhousethelibraryresponsiblywillcontinuetodoso.Thepeoplewhostealwillcontinuetogetawaywithitiftheyreallywantto.32.Whatdoesthewritermainlytalkabout?A.Thehistoryofthebagrules.B.Theimportanceofusinglibraries.C.DifferentbagsusedinourdailylifE.D.Theuseofbagsandtherulesagainstit.33.Thebagrulesinmanypublicbuildingsrequirepeopleto________A.leavetheplacesbaglessB.payforbringinginbagsC.havetheirbagsexaminedD.usebigclearplasticbags34.WhatisthepurposeofthenewruleattheNewYorkPublicLibrary?A.tochangepeople'swayofreading.B.tohelppeoplebetterusethelibrary.C.topreventpeoplestealingfromthelibrary.D.tostoppeoplefrombringingindangerousthings.35.Howistheeffectofthenewruleaccordingtothelibrarian?A.Excellent.B.LimiteD.C.Harmful.D.Unclear.

MyfriendJennieCrossengaveherbonemarrow骨髓toa51-year-oldwomanwithleukemiaawomanshehasnevermet.AttheendofMarchtheRedCrosscalledback.Sixdifferentbloodelementsweretested;Jenniematchedfivecompletelyandwasabouta3/4matchofthesixth.Soshewasthebestmatch.InAprilJenniewentforacompletephysicalexambyoneofthedoctorswhowouldperformthesurgery.Thedoctorhadtomakesurethatitwouldbenothreattoher.Thedoctortoldherthatthesurgerywouldentailhavingtwoquartsofbonemarrowextractedfromherhipbones.Jenniewouldprobablybereleasedthesamedaythesurgerytookplaceandshouldexpecttobesoreforacoupleofmonths.Ididn'tthinkitwasthatbigadealuntilIrealizedIwasamatchJenniesaidTherewasn'taquestioninmyheaD.Itdidn'tseemlikesomethingthatwasgoingaboveandbeyonD.Jenniewasleftwithtwoverysmallscarsonherlowerbackfromthesurgeryandwasgivenmedicationtohelpdullthepain.Shestillfeltagreatdealofpressureonherlowerback.Beingonly21IfeellikeIamnotoldenoughtosignificantlyimpactsomeone'slifeJenniesaidItseemsstrangetomethatIcouldpossiblysavethiswoman'slifewhichwasbeingcutshortbycancer.ThreeweeksafterthesurgeryJenniereceivedacallfromtheRedCrossrepresentativewhotoldherthetransplantwassuccessful.IfeelgoodandIthinkitwillactuallyworkforhershesaidSomanypeoplesaythey'donlydonateifitwasforafamilymemberorclosefrienD.Thiswomanissomeone'sfamilyandsomeone'sfrienD.Obviouslynoonesheknowsisamatchandthefactthatyou'dbeabletohelpaperfectstrangerisgreat.21.JennieCrossengaveherbonemarrowto.A.aclosefriendB.astrangerC.aclassmateD.arelative22.BeforeJennieCrossenknewshewasthebestmatchherfeelingcoulddescribedas.A.frightenedB.nervousC.calmD.Excited23.TheunderlinedwordimpactinParagraph5probablymeans.A.takepleasureinthebeautyB.devoteallone'slifetosomethingC.endthedangerouspracticeofsomethingD.haveanimportanteffectonsomething24.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.A.GreatWomanB.ToSaveaStrangerC.MyGoodFriendD.Jennie'sLifeBlood

HELLisacitymuchlikeLondonsaidPercyByssheShelleyin1819.ModernacademicsagreE.LastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellers居民havea21%higherriskofsufferingfromanxietydisordersthandotheircalmerruralcountrymenanda39%higherriskofsufferingfrommooddisorders.Butexactlyhowtheinnerworkingsoftheurbanandruralmindscausethisdifferencehasremainedunclear—untilnow.A.studyjustpublishedinNaturebyAndreasMeyer-LindenbergoftheUniversityofHeidelbergandhiscolleagueshasusedascanningtechniquecalledfunctionalmagnetic-resonanceimaging机能性磁共振成像简称fMRItoexaminethebrainsofcitydwellersandcountrymenwhentheyareunderstress.InDrMeyer-Lindenberg’sfirstexperimentparticipantslyingwiththeirheadsinascannertookmathsteststhattheywereboundtofailtheresearchershaddesignedsuccessratestobejust25-40%.TomaketheexperiencestillmoreembarrassingtheteamprovidednegativefeedbackthroughheadphonesallthewhilecheckingparticipantsforindicationsofstresssuchashighbloodpressurE.Thecitypeople’sgeneralmentalhealthdidnotdifferfromthatoftheruralcountrymen.Howevertheirbrainsdealtwiththestresscausedbytheexperimentersindifferentways.Thesedifferenceswerenoticeableintworegions:theamygdalas杏仁核andtheperigenualanteriorcingulatecortex前扣带皮层简称pACC.Peoplelivinginthecountrysidehadthelowestlevelsofactivityintheiramygdalas.Thoselivingintownshadhigherlevels.Citydwellershadthehighest.InthecaseofthepACChoweverwhatmatteredwasnotwheresomeonewaslivingnowbutwhereheorshewasbroughtup.Themoreurbanaperson’schildhoodthemoreactivehispACCregardlessofwherehewasdwellingatthetimeoftheexperiment.Theamygdalasthusseemtorespondtothehere-and-nowwhilethepACCisprogrammedearlyonanddoesnotreactinthesameflexiblewayastheamygdalas.Second-to-secondchangesinitsactivitymightthoughbeexpectedtobeconnectedwithchangesintheamygdalasbecauseofitsroleinregulatingthem.fMRIallowssuchconnectionstobemeasureD.InthecasesofthosebroughtupinthecountrysideregardlessofwheretheynowlivetheconnectionswereasexpecteD.Forthosebroughtupincitieshowevertheseconnectionsbrokedown.Theregulatorymechanismofthenativeurbaniteinotherwordsseemstobeoutoforder.DrMeyer-Lindenbergandhisteamconductedseveralmoreexperimentstochecktheirfindings.Theyaskedparticipantstocompletemoremathstests—andalsotestsinwhichtheywerementallyupsanddowns—whileinvestigatorsscoldedthemabouttheirperformancE.Theresultsmatchedthoseofthefirsttest.Theyalsostudiedanothergroupofvolunteerswhoweregivenstress-freetaskstocompletE.TheseexperimentsshowednoactivityineithertheamygdalasorthepACCsuggestingthattheearlierresultswereindeedtheresultofsocialstressratherthanmentaleffort.Asisusuallythecaseinstudiesofthissortthesamplesizewassmallandtheresultshowedanassociationratherthanadefinitecausalrelationship.Thatassociationisneverthelessinteresting.LivingincitiesbringsmanybenefitsbutDrMeyer-Lindenberg’sworksuggeststhatShelleyandhisfellowRomanticshadatleasthalfapoint.Title:Dourbanbrainsbehavedifferentlyfromruralones?PurposeoftheresearchTheresearchwasconductedtoexplainwhycitydwellersaremorelikelyto96_______seriousdisordersthancountrymen.ProcessoftheresearchDesignoftheresearch·Theresearchersmadetheparticipantstakedifficultmathstestsandprovidednegativefeedbackwhichservedasthesourceof97_________fortheparticipants.·MeanwhiletheresearchersscannedtheirbrainsandgotindicationsbyascanningtechniquecalledfMRI.Findingsoftheresearch·Theactivitylevelintheamygdalasishighestincitydwellers98______bythoselivingintownsandthecountrysidE.Besidestheamygdalasrespond99____________.·Theactivitylevelofaperson’spACCregulatingtheamygdalasisdeterminedbytheplacewherehewas100________andthepACCworkswhenapersonisata101______agE.·TheassociationbetweentheamygdalasandthepACCdependsonaperson’sliving102_________103_________onthefindingsSeveralmoreexperimentswerecarriedoutwith104________results.ConclusionoftheresearchItisthesocialstress105_______thanmentaleffortthatleadstomentaldisorderssolivingincitiesalsobringssomedisadvantages.

AssistantProfessorMusicalTheatreDanceWichitaStateUniversityseekstohireafull-time9-monthassistantprofessorbeginningAugust2016.Applicantsarerequiredtohaveadegreeindanceteachingexperienceattheprofessionalorcollegelevelabilitytodirectandabilitytoteachstagemovement.SalarydependsonqualificationsandexperiencE.Forcompleteinformationseehttp://finearts.wichitA.edu.Associate/FullProfessorinTheatreandDanceTheDepartmentofTheatre&DanceattheUniversityofCaliforniaatSanDiegohttp://www-theatrE.ucsD.edu/isseekinganexperiencedtheatreartistinlightingdesign.SignificantprofessionalexperienceisrequireD.AreviewofapplicationswillstartonJune12016.Applicationdeadline:September12016.TechnicalDirectorinPerformingandFineArtsDeSalesUniversity’sPerformingandFineArtsDepartmentseeksahighlyskilledprofessionaltechnicaldirector.Thepositionisa10-monthstaffpositionwiththepossibilityforsummeremploymentwiththePennsylvaniaShakespeareFestival.BAdegreeorequivalentprofessionalexperienceisrequired;MFAispreferreD.Pleaseemailmaterialstojohn.belldesales.edu.ScreeningofapplicationsbeginsimmediatelyandwillcontinueuntilthepositionisfilleD.AssistantDirectorofMediaResourcesCenterMarylandInstituteCollegeofArtisseekinganAssistantDirectorofMediaResourcesCenterintheAcademicAffairsDivision.PositionqualificationsincludeadegreeinArtHistoryorrelatedfieldwithknowledgeofartanddesignhistorylibraryexperienceexcellentinterpersonalandcommunicationskillsandfamiliaritywithPhotoshopandscanning.Areviewofapplicationswillbeginimmediately.ApplicantsmayemailaletterofinteresttojobsmicA.edu.SalarydiffersdependingonyourexperiencE.Pleaseincludedesiredsalaryinyourletterofinterest.ApplicationInterestedpersonsshouldelectronicallysubmitacoverletterhighlightingtheirexperienceandqualificationsandnamesofthreeprofessionalreferenceswithphoneandemailcontactinformationusingtheApplyNowlinkabovE.21.WichitaStateUniversityoffers______.A.aparttimeandassistantprofessorjobB.ajobpeoplecanworkformanyyearsC.aflexiblepaytothefutureassistantprofessorD.workthatrequirepeopletoactonthestage22.Ifyouaregoodatcommunicatingwithothersyoushouldapplyto_____.A.DeSalesUniversityB.WichitaStateUniversityC.theUniversityofCaliforniaD.MarylandInstituteCollegeofArt23.Wecanprobablyfindtheadinthesectionof_____.A.EmploymentInformationB.InformationTechnologyC.AroundtheWorldD.Teen’sGarden

Rollercoastersarefastandexciting.Butpassingapainfulkidney肾stonesisnot.TheprocessispainfulandcantakealongtimE.ButAmericanresearchershavefoundthatarollercoasterridejustmighthelpthosesufferingfromakidneystonE.Theysaysuchrideshelppatientspassthestoneswitha70percentsuccessratE.DavidWartingerledthestudy.HefoundthatwherethepersonsitsontherollercoastercanmakeabigdifferencE.HesaidInthepilotstudysittinginthelastcaroftherollercoastershowedabouta64percentpassageratE.Sittinginthefirstfewcarsonlyhada16percentsuccessratE.Italsomatteredwherethestoneswerelocatedinthekidney.Theresearchersfoundthatstoneslocatedintheupperpartofthekidneymodelwerepassed100percent.Whenitcomestopassingkidneystonesnotallrollercoastersareequal.Theresearchersused174kidneystonesofdifferingshapessizesandweightstoseeifeachmodelworkedonthesamerideandontwootherrollercoasters.TheyfoundthatBigThunderMountainwastheonlyonethatworkeD.Theothertworollercoastersbothfailedthetest.Wartingersaidtheotherridesweretoofastandtooviolent.Themovementforcedthestonesagainstthesideofthekidney.Hesaidthattheidealrollercoasterisroughandquickwithsometwistsandturns.WartingerthinksrollercoasterridescouldalsobeusedasapreventativemeasurE.Hesaidthatayearlyrideonarollercoastercouldevenpreventstonesfromdeveloping.YouneedtoheedthewarningsbeforegoingonarollercoasterhesaiD.Ifyouhaveakidneystonebutareotherwisehealthyandmeettherequirementsoftheridepatientsshouldtryit.Headdsthatit’sdefinitelyalowercostalternativetoothertreatments.Andridingarollercoasterisdefinitelymorefun!12.Accordingtothetextpassingkidneystoneis______.A.fastB.excitingC.interestingD.painful13.Whichofthefollowingbenefitspeoplewithakidneystonemost?A.Sittinginthefirstcarofarollercoaster.B.Sittinginthemiddlecarofarollercoaster.C.Sittinginbigrollercoasterswithdoctors’carE.D.Sittinginroughandfastrollercoasterswithtwistsandturns.14.What’sWartinger’sattitudetoridingrollercoastersforpeoplehavingakidneystone?A.WorrieD.B.NegativE.C.SupportivE.D.Skeptical.15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SometreatmentsofkidneystonesB.AdvantagesofridingrollercoastersC.RollercoasterscanhelppasskidneystonesD.Kidneystonescanbecuredbyridingrollercoasters

Theideaofbeingabletowalkonwaterhaslonginterestedhumansgreatly.Sadlybiologicalfactspreventuseveraccomplishingsuchathingwithoutartificialaid—wesimplyweightoomuchandallourmasspushesdownthroughourrelativelysmallfeetresultinginalotofpressurethatmakesussink.Howeverseveraltypesofanimalscanwalkonwater.OneofthemostinterestingisthecommonbasiliskBasilicusbasilicusalizard蜥蜴nativetoCentralandSouthAmericA.Itcanrunacrosswaterforadistanceofseveralmetresavoidinggettingwetbyrapidlyhittingthewater'ssurfacewithitsfeet.Thelizardwilltakeasmanyas20stepspersecondtokeepmovingforwarD.Forhumanstodothiswe'dneedhugefeetthatwecouldbringuptoourearsinordertocreateadequatehitting.Butfortunatelythereisanalternative:cornflour.Byaddingenoughofthiscommonthickeningagenttowateranditdoestakealotyoucancreateanon­Newtonianliquidthatdoesn'tbehavelikenormalwater.Nowifthesurfaceofthewaterishithardenoughparticles粒子inthewatergrouptogetherforamomenttomakethesurfaceharD.Movequicklyenoughandputenoughforceintoeachstepandyoureallycanwalkacrossthesurfaceofanadequatelythickliquidofcornflour.Funthoughallthismaysoundit'sstillrathermessyandbetterreadaboutintheorythancarriedoutinpracticE.Ifyoumustdoitthenkeepthewaterwingshandyincaseyoustarttosink—andtakeashowerafterwards!8.WhatdoweknowaboutBasilicusbasilicusfromthepassage?A.Itislightenoughtowalkonwater.B.Itshugefeetenableittostayabovewater.C.ItcanrunacrosswateratacertainspeeD.D.Itsuniqueskinkeepsitfromgettingwetinwater.9.Whatisthefunctionofthecornflouraccordingtothepassage?A.TocreateathickliquiD.B.ToturnthewaterintosoliD.C.Tohelptheliquidbehavenormally.D.Toenablethewatertomoverapidly.10.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheideaofhumans'walkingonwater?A.Itisriskybutbeneficial.B.Itisinterestingandworthtrying.C.Itiscrazyandcannotbecomeareality.D.ItisimpracticalthoughtheoreticallypossiblE.

At2:30onDecember51945fiveUSNavytrainingplanestookoffinclearweatherfromthebaseLauderdaleFloridA.Theplanesflewcastoverthecoast...anddisappeareD.ThegroupwasFlight19onarunbetweenFloridaandBahamas.Tailorwasthegroupleader.Atabout3:40Tailorreportedthathiscompasseswerenotreadingproperly.TheotherplanesfollowedtheirleadersaimlesslyfirsteastthenwestthennortheastovertheoceanasTailortriedtomakesureofthedirectionbyradio.ThensuddenlyTailorwasheardtogiveorderstodivE.QuicklytwogiantMartinseaplanesweresentuptosearchforFlight19.Severalhourslaterthewindbecamestrongandvisibility能见度droppeD.A.returntobasewasordereD.ButonlyoneoftheMartinseaplaneslandeD.FourdayslatertheNavyandCoastGuardcombeda100000squaremilesareawithmorethan100planesandships.Nosignwasevershownofthemissingplanes.TodaypeoplehavenotedthedisappearanceofmanyshipsandplanesinthesouthwestpartoftheNorthAtlanticandbegantocallthisareatheBermudaTriangle百慕大三角区.ThepointsofthetriangleareBermudaPuertoRicoandaspotintheGulfofMexicowestofFloridA.Itisatwo-facedwaterworldoftinyislandsbrightbeachesandbeautifulwaters.Yetthickfogspowerfulcurrents激流andsuddenstormsarehiddenbehindthissmilingsurfacE.12.WhydidFlight19disappear?A.BecausethewindbecamestrongandvisibilitydroppeD.B.BecauseTailorwasgivenwrongorderstodivE.C.BecauseTailorcouldn’treadhiscompassescorrectly.D.Becausesomethingunknownmadethecompassesunabletoworkasusual.13.InwhatpositiondidFlight19disappear?A.InthesouthwestpartoftheNorthAtlanticOcean.B.InthenortheastpartoftheNorthAtlanticOcean.C.TothesouthwestpartofBermudaintheAtlanticOcean.D.TothenortheastpartofBermudaintheAtlanticOcean.14.Howmanyplanesdisappearedaltogetherthatday?A.FivE.B.Six.C.two.D.OnlyonE.15.Theunderlinedwordcombedinthepassagemean.A.coveredwithB.flewoverC.didupone’shairwithacombD.searchedallover

ResearchersatStanfordUniversityhavedevelopedanewmaterialthatcanmoveheatoutofbuildingsandintospacE.Theresearcherssaythematerialcancoolbuildingsevenonhotdays.Thecoolingmaterialisaverythinsheetwithmanylayersthatcouldbeplacedonarooflikesolarpanels板.Howeverinsteadofturningsunlightintoenergyassolarpanelsdothematerialturnsheatintoradiation.ShanhuiFanisanelectricalengineeringprofessoratStanfordUniversity.HesaysthatthepanelshavealayerofmaterialthatislikesanD.Thepanelsactlikeamirror.Theytakeheatoutofbuildingsandreflectthelightfromthesun.Andhesaysboththeheatandsunlightaresent100kilometersintoouterspacE.It'sastructure构造thatcoolsitselfwithoutelectricityinputevenunderthesun.Sowhatitdoesisbasicallyradiateheattoouterspaceandalsoreflectthesunlightsoitdoesn'tgetheatedupbythesun.Mr.FansaysitislikehavingawindowintospacE.Theheatissentdirectlyintospacewithoutwarmingtheair.Hesaysbuildingsindevelopingcountriesthatdonothaveelectricityorairconditioningcouldusethepanels.Inareaswhereelectricityisoutofreachformanypeoplethereisapotential潜在的benefitforstoringmedicineorevenfooD.Inmanyofthesesituationsbeingabletoreducethetemperatureisimportant.Andthiswouldprovideawaytodoit.Theresearcherssaythemainproblemiscreatingactualcoolingsystemsusingthehigh-techpanels.Theysayitmaybepossibletodevelopacoolingspray喷涂thatcouldbeusedonpresentsolidstructures.Theybelievethecoolingspraytechnologycouldbedevelopedinthenextthreetofiveyears.Theysayasmuchas15percentoftheenergyusedintheUnitedStatesisspentprovidingpowertoairconditioningsystems.27.Thefirstparagraphmainlytellsus________.A.livingonhotdaysisnolongerabigproblemnowB.anewmaterialiscreatedtocoolthebuildingsC.researchersaredevelopingnewsolarpanelsonroofsD.thenewmaterialisaverythinsheetwithmanylayers28.Howdoesthepanelwork?A.Ittakesintheheatandcoolsitdown.B.Itusesamirrortoreflectthesunlight.C.ItsendsheatawayrightintospacE.D.Ithasawindowtoletouttheheat.29.Thenewmaterialisespeciallyusefulinareasthat________.A.sufferhightemperatureB.havepoorairconditioningC.haveplentyoffoodD.areshortofpower30.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?A.Theapplianceofthenewpanelisstillunderresearch.B.Somepeoplegotbenefitsfromproducingthepanels.C.Peoplemayhaveproblemsinusingthenewmaterial.D.Thenewpanelsmaysave15percentoftheenergy.

AnypersonknowsbynowthatoneofthebestwaystoprotectyourbodyfromharmfulUVraysistoapplysunscreenbutyoumightbeforgettingoneimportantpart:youreyes.Sunglassesaretheonlywaytoprotectyoureyesbutbuyingsunglassescanbeaconfusingprocess.Specialistsoffertheirprofessionaladviceforchoosingyourrightpairofsunglasses.UVLookforalabel标签thatsays99or100percentUVabsorptionorUV400whichmeanstheglassesblockwavelengthsthatareshorterthan400nanometers纳米includingalloftheUVAandUVBraysIfthelabelonlysayssomethingvaguesuchasabsorbsUVputtheglassesbackontheshelf.Don’tmistakepolarizedforaddedsunprotection—polarizedsunglassesdonothaveanyadvantageinabsorbingforclearervisionparticularlywhiledrivingoronthewater.LenscolorDon’tmistakepolarizedforaddedsunprotection—polarizedsunglassesdonothaveanyadvantageinabsorbingUV.Insteadtheycuttheglare炫光fromhorizontalsurfacesallowingforclearervisionparticularlywhiledrivingoronthewater.LenscolorYoudon’thavetopickupthedarkestpairinthestoretogetthebestsunprotection.Manyshadescanworkwellincludinggraygreenyellowbrownandrose—it’samatterofpersonalpreferencE.Somecolorscanbeparticularlyhelpfulfordifferentactivitiesoftimesthough.Greenforinstancetendstobegoodinthemorningoratdust.LensmaterialAqualitypairofsunglasseswillhaveopticallyground光学打磨的lenseswithlittledistortion扭曲whilecheapervarietiesareoftenmadeoutofpressedplastiC.Howtotelllookingthroughthelensesanddetermineifthere’sanydistortion.FramesOversizedglassesaremorethanafashionstatement:theyaregoodforeyeprotectionaswell.BigframesorawraparoundstyleavoidmoreUVpreventingraysfromcominginatthesides.Wraparoundglassescanalsohelpcutdownondryeyebyprotectingevaporationoftheeye’snaturaltearfilm泪膜33.A.pairofsunglassescanprobablyoffergoodprotectionagainstUVraysifitslabelsays______.A.absorbsUVAB.absorbsUVBC.UV400D.polarized34.Whichofthefollowingmaybenefitthemostfrompolarizedsunglasses?A.A.truckdriverB.A.soccercoachC.aschoolsecurityguardD.amarathonrunner35.HowdoeslenscoloraffecttheeyesprotectionfromUVrays?A.GreenoffersthebestprotectioninmostenvironmentsB.ManycolorsappliedonsunglassescanoffergoodsunprotectionC.Thedarkerthelenscoloristhebetterprotectionthesunglassesoffer.D.Thelighterthelesscoloristhebetterprotectionthesunglassesoffer.

Antidepressant抗忧郁drugssuchasProzacwereviewedintheearly1900'saswonderpillsthatwouldremovedepressivebluesforgooD.ButinthepastfiveyearsgrowingscientificevidencehasshownthesedrugsworkforonlyaminorityofpeoplE.Andnowaresearchjournalsaysthattheseantidepressantscanmakemanypatients'depressionworsE.Thisalarmingsuggestioncentresontheverychemicalthatistargetedbyantidepressants-serotonin血清素.DrugssuchasProzacareknownasselectiveserotoninre-uptakeinhibitorsorSSRIs.Theiraimistoincreasethelevelofthisfeel-goodchemicalinthebrain.ButthenewresearchpublishedinthejournalFrontiersInEvolutionaryPsychologypointsoutthatserotoninislikeachemicalSwissArmyknifeperformingaverywiderangeofjobsinthebrainandbody.Andwhenwestartchangingserotoninlevelspurposelyitmaycauseawiderangeofunwantedeffects.Thesecanincludedigestiveproblemsandevenearlydeathsinolderpeopleaccordingtothestudy'sleadresearcherPaulAndrews.WeneedtobemuchmorecautiousaboutuseofthesedrugssaysAndrewsanassistantprofessorofevolutionarypsychologyatMcMasterUniversityinOntarioCanadA.PreviousresearchhassuggestedthatthedrugsprovidelittlebenefitformostpeoplewithmilddepressionandactivelyhelponlyafewofthemostseverelydepresseD.FamouspsychologistIrvingKirschhasfoundthatformanypatientsSSRIsarenomoreeffectivethanaplacebopill.A.researchin2010onDanishchildrenfoundasmallbutsignificantincreaseintheriskofheartproblemsamongbabieswhosemothershadusedSSRIsinearlypregnancy怀孕.Thekeytounderstandingtheseside-effectsisserotoninsaysAndrews.SerotoninisalsothereasonwhypatientscanoftenendupfeelingstillmoredepressedaftertheyhavefinishedacourseofSSRIdrugs.HearguesthatSSRIantidepressantsdisturbthebrainleavingthepatientanevengreaterdepressionthanbeforE.AfterlongusewhenapatientstopstakingSSRIsthebrainwillloweritslevelsofserotoninproductionhesaysaddingthatitalsochangesthewayreceptorsinthebrainrespondtoserotoninmakingthebrainlesssensitivetothechemical.Thesechangesarebelievedtobetemporarybutstudiesindicatethattheeffectsmaycontinueforuptotwoyears.MostdisturbinglyofallAndrews'reviewfeaturesthreerecentstudieswhichhesaysshowthatelderlyantidepressantusersaremorelikelytodieearlierthannon-usersevenaftertakingotherimportantvariablesintoaccount.OnestudypublishedintheBritishMedicalJournallastyearfoundpatientsgivenSSRIsweremorethan4percentmorelikelytodieinthenextyearthanthosenotonthedrugs.SerotoninisanancientchemicalsaysAndrews.Itisregulatingmanydifferentprocessesandwhenyoudisturbthesethingsyoucanexpectthatitisgoingtocausesomeharm.StaffordLightmanprofessorofmedicineattheUniversityofBristolandaleadingUKexpertinbrainchemicalsandhormonessaysAndrews'reviewhighlightssomeimportantproblemsyetitshouldalsobetakenwithapinchofsalt.Thisreportisdoingtheoppositeofwhatdrugcompaniesdohesays.DrugcompaniesselectivelypresentallthepositivesintheirresearchwhilethissearchselectivelypresentsallthenegativesthatcanbefounD.NeverthelessAndrews'studyisusefulinthatitisalwaysworthpointingoutthatthereisadownsidetoanymedicinE.ProfessorLightmanaddsthatthereisstillagreatdealwedon'tknowaboutSSRIs-notleastwhattheyactuallydoinourbrains.WhenitcomestounderstandingwhythedrugsworkonlyforalimitedpartofpatientsU.S.scientiststhinktheymightnowhavetheanswer.Theythinkthatinmanydepressedpatientsit'snotonlythelackoffeel-goodserotonincausingtheirdepressionbutalsoafailureintheareaofthebrainthatproducesnewcellsthroughoutourlives.Thisareathehippocampusisalsoresponsibleforregulatingmoodandmemory.ResearchsuggeststhatinpatientswhosehippocampushaslosttheabilitytoproducenewcellsSSRIsdonotbringanybenefit.55.Accordingtoparagraph2serotoninlikeachemicalSwissArmyknifecan______.A.makemanypatients'depressionworseB.causeawiderangeofunwantedeffectsC.affecthumanbodyandbrainmvariouswaysD.providelittlebenefitformostdepressedpeoplE.56.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat______.A.thenumberofpatientswithdepressionhasdecreasedB.antidepressantscanbenefitpeoplewithmilddepressionC.peoplehaverealizedthatProzaccannotbeusedtotreatdepressionD.antidepressantsmayincreasetheriskofearlydeathinolderpeople57.InStaffordLightman'sopinion______.A.drugcompaniesdon'tknowthenegativeeffectofantidepressantB.AndrewsfocusedondifferentthingsfromthedrugcompaniesC.scientistshavefoundwhatSSRIsdointhebrainD.Andrews'researchhasnomedicalvalue58.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutSSRIs?A.Theyareusedtoincreasethefeel-goodmedicalinthebrain.B.Theycanworkevenwhenthehippocampuscan'tproducenewcells.C.Theycreateariskofheartproblemsinpregnantwomen.D.Theyareresponsibleforcontrollingmoodandmemory.59.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninParagraph6?A.Andrews'reviewmightnotbecompletelytruE.B.Andrewsneedtodomoreresearchtosupporthisviewpoint.C.Andrewdoesn'tconsiderdrugcompanies'interests.D.AndrewshasfoundoneofthedisadvantagesofthemedicinE.60.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theaimofdrugcompanies.B.ThefunctionofSSRIs.C.Theside-effectsofantidepressants.D.Thecauseofdepression.

ItmayseemlikeamomentinasciencefictionmoviE.InafiercebattleacreaturelosesanarmbutthengrowsanotheronetotakeitsplacE.Howeverthisisnotsciencefiction.Itisscientificfact.Somefishandamphibianssuchassalamanderscanregrowlostlimbsandorgans.Asmammalsevolvedtheylosttheabilitytoregroworregeneratepartsoftheirbody.Howeverexperimentsshowthatitmaybepossibletoregainthatability.Tropicalfreshwaterzebrafisharepopularpets.Theyarealsopopularaslabanimals.Theirembryos胚胎areclearortranslucent.Theycanregrowdamagedfinsskinandhearts.Zebrafisharealsogenetically基因地similartohumans.In2013thewebsiteSci-Newsreportedthatresearchershadfoundthat70percentofprotein-codinghumangenesarerelatedtogenesfoundinthezebrafish.ThereportalsosaidthatresearchersattheWellcomeTrustSangerInstituteinBritainalsofoundthat84percentofgenesknowntobeconnectedtohumandiseasehaveazebrafishcounterpart.ScientistWangYadongisoneofthePittsburgresearchers.Heandhisteamarestudyingtheabilityofzebrafishtoregeneratelimbsandorgans.Wangsaysyoucancutawayabout20percentofthezebrafishheartanditwillregeneratE.Headdthatsameprocessmaybeabletohelphumans.Scientistsinjected注射anextracellularmatrixorECMfromtheheartofazebrafishintoaseverelydamagedmouseheart.Theyfoundthattheheartmuscleregrewindays.TheyfoundsomethingelsE.ThehealingwasevenfasterwhentheECMwastakenfromzebrafishthatwasitselfintheprocessofre-growingdamagedtissuE.12.Themainreasonwhythezebrafishwerechosenaslabanimalsisthat_____________.A.theyarepopularpetsB.theirbodiesarecleartostudyC.theyaregeneticallysimilartohumansD.theyareeasytofindfortheresearchers13.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordcounterpartinParagraph5probablymean?A.A.similarthing.B.A.differentfish.C.A.humanbeing.D.A.littlemousE.14.AfterinjectingECMfromazebrafishintothedamagedmouseheartwhatdidscientistsfind?A.Thezebrafishdiedquickly.B.Themouseheartregrewindays.C.Thezebrafishheartregrewquickly.D.Themousehealedmoreslowlythannormal.15.Whereisthemostprobablytakenfrom?A.A.sciencefiction.B.A.guidebook.C.A.fashionmagazinE.D.A.sciencereport.

AnxietyhasnowsurpasseddepressionasthemostcommonmentalhealthdiseaseamongcollegestudentsthoughdepressiontooisontherisE.Morethanhalfofstudentsvisitingcampusclinicsciteanxietyasahealthconcernaccordingtoarecentstudyofmorethan100000studentsnationwidebytheCenterforCollegiateMentalHealthatPennStatE.Nearlyoneinsixcollegestudentshasbeendiagnosedwithortreatedforanxietywithinthelast12monthsaccordingtotheannualnationalsurveybytheAmericanCollegeHealthAssociation.ThecausesrangewidelyexpertssayfrommountingacademicpressureatearlieragestooverprotectiveparentstoengagementwithsocialmediA.Anxietyhasalwaysplayedaroleinthedevelopmentofastudent’slifebutnowmorestudentsexperienceanxietysoacutethattheyareseekingprofessionalhelp.LikemanycollegeclinicstheCenterforCounselingandPsychologicalServicesattheUniversityofCentralFloridaUCF-oneofthecountry’slargestandfastest-growinguniversitieshasseensharpincreasesinthenumberofclients:15.2percentoverlastyearalonE.AnxietyhasbecomecharacteristicofthecurrentgenerationofcollegestudentssaidDanJonesthedirectorofCounselingandPsychologicalServicesatAppalachianStateUniversityinBooneN.C.Becauseofincreasinglypressuresduringhighschoolheandotherexpertssaystudentsarriveatcollegepreloadedwithstress.Accustomedtoextremeparentaloversightmanyseemunabletogovernthemselves.Andwithparentssoaccessiblestudentshavehadlessincentivetodeveloplifeskills.Theycan’ttoleratediscomfortorhavingtostruggleDrJonessaiD.Moreoftenanxietyismildandtemporarytheindicationofastudentunderthecontrolofanormaldevelopmentalissue-learningtimemanagementforexampleorhowtohandlerejectionfromasorority.Mildanxietyisoftentreatablewithearlymodestinterventions.Buttocareforrisingnumbersofseverelytroubledstudentsmanycounselingcentershavemovedtotriageprotocols分诊措施.Thatmeansthatstudentswithlessurgentneedsmaywaitseveralweeksforfirstappointments.LikemanycollegecounselingcentersUCFhasdesignedavarietyofdailyworkshopsandtherapygroupsthatimplicitlyandexplicitlyaddressanxietydepressionandtheirtriggers.Nextfallthecenterwilltestanewappfortreatinganxietywithaseven-modulecognitivebehavioralprogramaccessiblethroughastudent’sphoneandaugmentedwithbriefvideoconferenceswithatherapist.Italsoofferssemester-long90-minuteweeklytherapygroupssuchasKeepingCalmandinControlMindfulnessforDepressionandBuildingSocialConfidence-forstudentsstrugglingwithsocialanxiety.28.Whichofthefollowingcontributestoanxietyaccordingtothetext?A.Protectionfromteachers.B.Anappinstudents’phones.C.IncreasinglylearningpressurE.D.Managementoftimelearning.29.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordincentiveinParagraph3probablymean?A.Prevention.B.Motivation.C.Acquisition.D.Direction.30.What’sthepurposeofthosetherapygroupsmentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Tohelpstudentssufferinganxiety.B.Totestwhatsocialanxietyis.C.TointroducethecognitivebehavioralprogramofUCF.D.ToemphasizetheimportanceofcalmandconfidencE.31.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TipsondealingwithanxietyB.CausesofanxietyanddepressionC.DifferentmentaldiseasesthreatencollegestudentsD.Collegementalhealthcentersoverburdenedwithanxiousstudents

Foryearsscientistshavebeenworriedabouttheeffectsofairpollutionontheearth’snaturalconditions.SomebelievetheairinsidemanyhousesmaybemoredangerousthantheairoutsidE.ItmaybeonehundredtimesworsE.Indoorairpollutioncancauseapersontofeeltiredtosuffereyepainheadacheandotherproblems.Somepollutants污染物cancausebreathingdisordersdiseasesofbloodandevencancer.Mostscientistsagreethateverymodernhousehassomekindofindoorpollution.Peoplehavepaidmoreattentiontotheproblemnow.Itissaidthatwhenbuildersbeganmakinghousesandofficestheydidnotwasteenergy.TodothistheybuiltbuildingsthatlimitedtheflowofairbetweeninsideandoutsidE.Theyalsobeganusingman-madebuildingmaterials.Thesematerialsarenowknowntoletoutharmfulgases.Astheproblembecamemoreseriousscientistsbegansearchingforawaytodealwithit.Theydiscoveredanaturalpollutioncontrolsystemforbuilding-greenplants.Scientistsdonotreallyknowhowplantscontrolairpollution.Theybelievethataplant’sleavesabsorbortakeinthepollutants.Inexchangetheplantletsoutoxygenthroughitsleavesandsmallorganizationsonitsroots.ScientistssuggestthatallbuildingsshouldhaveonelargeplantorseveralsmallplantsinsideforeveryninesquaremetresofspacE.Studiesofdifferentplantsshowthateachabsorbsdifferentchemicals.Sothemosteffectivewaytocleantheairistousedifferentkindsofplants.HavinggreenplantsinsideyourhousecanmakeitaprettierandmorehealthyplacE.21.Generallyspeakingindoorairpollutionmaybemoreharmfulthantheairoutsidebecause_______.A.indoorairpollutioncanoftenmakepeopleseriouslyillB.man-madebuildingmaterialsgiveoffdangerousgasesC.theremaybemoreharmfulgasesoutsidethebuildingsD.theflowofairindoorsislimitedwhichisveryharmful22.Somekindofindoorpollutioncanbefoundin________.A.allkindsofofficesB.everyoldhouseC.allkindsofhousesD.everymodernhouse23.Theindoorairpollutioniscausedby________.A.thelimitoftheflowofairbetweeninsideandoutsideB.thebuildingwaythatthebuilderswanttosaveenergyC.thebuildingthingsthataremadeofman-madematerialsD.theman-madebuildingmaterialsandthelimitofair-flow24.Thereasonwhyweshouldusedifferentkindsofplantstocleantheairisthat________.A.plantscanletoutallkindsofpollutantsindoorsB.plantscanabsorballkindsofharmfulindoorchemicalsC.plantsmaytakeinmoreoxygenwhichpeopleneedD.plantscanmakeourhousesprettierandmorehealthy

A7.0-magnitude震级earthquakeattackedKumamotoJapanonApril15th2016lessthantwodaysaftera6.2-magnitudeearthquakerockedthesameareA.Thesmaller6.2-magnitudequakeonApril14thkilledninepeopleandinjuredhundredsmoreaccordingtotheU.S.GeologicalSurvey.Withthesetwoandthememoriesofthehuge9.0-magnitudeearthquakeandtsunami海啸thatdestroydnortheastofJapanin2011notfarfrompeople’smindswhatisitaboutthispartoftheworldthatmakesitsoactiveinearthquakes?FirstofallJapanisalongtheso-calledPacificRingofFirewhichisthemostactiveearthquakeareaintheworlD.ThisringisactuallyanimaginaryU-shapedzonethatfollowstheedge边缘ofthePacificOceanwheremanyoftheworld’searthquakesoccur.TheearthquakeinKumamotoseemstohavebeencausedbythecollision碰撞betweenthePhilippinesSeaPlate板块andtheEurasiaPlatesaidPaulCarusoageophysicistoftheUSGS.WhileJapanisnostrangertoearthquakesthe7.0-magnitudeearthquakeisoneofthelargesteverrecordedinthispartofsouthernJapanCarusotoldLiveSciencE.ThesecondlargestwasprobablyonMarch201939---therewasamagnitudeof6.7inthisareahesaiD.NotallearthquakescausetsunamisCarusosaiD.Ingeneraltherearethreekeyelementsthatcanproduceadangerousearthquake-tsunamicombinationheaddeD.Firsttheearthquakemustbeatleast7.0-magnitudE.Secondthequake’sepicenter震中hastobeundertheoceanCarusosaiD.Andfinallytheearthquakehasn’ttobetoodeep.WehavequakesaroundFijiallthetimebutthosearesometimes640kilometersundergroundsotheyaren’tgoingtocauseatsunamihesaiD.TheoneinKumamotowasabout10kmundergroundbuttheepicenterwasonlandCarusosaiD.TherearelotsoflargeaftershocksCarusotoldLiveSciencE.Andofcourseafteralargeearthquakebuildingsareoftenweakenedasaresult.AdditionaldamagecanbeexpecteD.PeoplelivingintheareashouldexpectmoreshakinginthecomingdaysaccordingtoCaruso.WecansayforcertainthattherearegoingtobemoreaftershocksinthisareahesaiD.Exactlywhenandhowbigthey’regoingtobeisdifficulttosaythough.Noonecanpredictthat.24.TheearthquakehappenedonApril15thinKumamoto________.A.wasthelargestonethateverhappenedthereB.causedthemovementofthePhilippinesSeaPlateandtheEurasiaPlateC.wasthefirstonethatreachedthemagnitudeof7.0inJapanD.broughtgreatdestructiontothenortheasternpartofJapan25.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordelementsinPara4mean?A.Conclusions.B.Influences.C.Ingredients.D.Intentions.26.WhichinferenceabouttheKumamotoearthquakeisthemostprobablycorrect?A.Itdidn’tcausetoomuchdestructiontothebuildings.B.Theepicenterwastoodeeptocausetsunami.C.Theaftershockswerewell-controlleD.D.Itdidn’tbringaboutanypowerfultsunamis.27.Whichofthefollowingmightbethetitleofthepassage?A.WhyAreEarthquakesinJapanSoDestructive?B.WhyDoSomanyEarthquakesAttackJapan?C.WhyDoEarthquakesCauseTsunamisinJapan?D.WhyDoSoManyEarthquakesHappen?

Newresearchattemptingtothrowlightuponhowmaleandfemalebrainsdifferhasfoundthattimingiseverything.AmericanVanderbiltUniversityresearchersStephenCamarataandRichardWoodcockdiscoveredthatfemaleshaveasignificantadvantageovermalesintimedtestsandtasks.Thestudyinvolvedmorethan8000malesandfemalesranginginagefrom2to90fromacrosstheUS.WefoundhardlyanydifferencesinoverallintelligencE.ButwediscoveredthatfemalesperformedbetterthanmenintimelimitedsituationsCamaratasaidItisveryimportantforteacherstounderstandthisdifferenceinmalesandfemaleswhenitcomestoassigningworkandtests.ManymalescandoabetterjobwithoutstricttimelimitsaddedCamaratA.Considerthatmanyclassroomactivitiesincludingtestingaredirectlyorindirectlyrelatedtoprocessingspeedtheresearcherswroteintheirreport.Thehigherperformanceinfemalesmaycontributetoaclassroomculturethatfavorsfemalesnotbecauseofteacherbias偏见butbecauseofinherent与生俱来的differencesingenderprocessingspeeds.TheresearchersfoundthatmalesscoredlowerthanfemalesinallagegroupsintestsmeasuringprocessingspeeD.Howeverthestudyalsofoundthatmalesconsistentlyoutperformedfemalesinsomelanguageabilitiessuchasidentifyingobjectsandknowingantonyms反义词andsynonyms同义词.Theresearchcontradictsthepopularbeliefthatgirlsdevelopallcommunicationskillsearlierthanboys.Theresearchersfoundnosignificantoverallintelligencedifferencesbetweenmalesandfemalesinanyagegroups.WebelievetherearefundamentaldifferencesinhowmaleandfemalebrainsendupgettingorganizedCamaratasaidOurnextstudieswillgiveussomeinsightintowheretheseprocessingdifferencesareoccurring.46.Thenewresearchreferredtointhepassageisintendedto________.A.findwhetheragehassomethingtodowithpeople'sintelligenceB.helpteacherstoassignworkandarrangetestsforstudentsC.findwhat'sthedifferencesbetweenmaleandfemalebrainsD.provethedifferencesinprocessingspeedbetweenmalesandfemales47.Theunderlinedwordoutperformedinthefifthparagraphprobablymeans________.A.toachievebetterresultsthansomeoneB.toperformworseinsomeaspectthansomeoneC.todosomethingaswellassomeoneD.tobenotsogoodatsomethingassomeone48.Peopleusuallybelievethat________.A.there'rehardlyanydifferencesbetweenmales'andfemales'overallintelligenceB.teachersfavorgirlstudentsinsteadofboystudentsinschoolsC.girlsdeveloptheirlanguageskillsearlierthanboysD.femaleshaveasignificantadvantageovermalesinallsubjects49.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Theresearchersinterviewedmorethan8000malesandfemalesallovertheworlD.B.Generallyspeakingmalescandobetterjobswithstricttimelimitsthanfemales.C.Femalesscoredhigherthanmalesinanyagegroupsinanysituations.D.Thedifferencesingenderprocessingspeedsoccurwhenpeopleareborn.50.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Theresearcherswillcontinuetostudyhowthegenderdifferencesintimingoccur.B.A.femalemathematicianwillmakegreaterachievementsthanamaleonE.C.SchoolteachershavealreadyknownabouttheseprocessingdifferencesbeforE.D.Ifagirlhasahigherprocessingspeedthanaboyshemustbemoreintelligentthanhim.

Alpacas羊驼aremembersofthecamelfamilyhavinglivedinSouthAmericaforthousandsofyears.Theirfurgivestheanimalsateddybear_likeappearancE.Alpacasaretoosmalltobeusedasanimalsofburdenbutarevaluedonlyfortheirfur.Generallytheirlifespanisaround15to20years.Alpacasaresocialanimalsthatliveinfamilygroupsmadeupofamalefemalesandtheiryoung.Theyaregentleelegantcuriousintelligentandobservant.Theyaresafeandpleasanttobearoundmovinggracefullyandslowlyaroundthefieldandarethereforeunlikelytorunintooroveranyoneevensmallchildren.Occasionallyanalpacawillspitsndkickbutthesoftpadded有爪垫的feetusuallydolittlemorethanjustgetyourattention.Becausetheseanimalsareenvironmentallyfriendlyandneedsolittlegrassandfoodyoucanusuallyraisefromtwotoeightalpacasonanacreoflandwithgrassorhay.A.single60poundbale大捆ofhaycangenerallyfeedagroupofabout20alpacasforoneday.Alpacasalsorequireaccesstoplentyoffreshwatertodrink.Alpacafurisusedformakingknitteddandwoven编织itemsjustassheep’swoolis.Theseitemsincludeblanketssweatershatsglovesscarvesawidevarietyoftextiles针织品inSouthAmericaandsweaterssockscoatsandbeddinginotherpartsoftheworlD.Thefurcomesinmorethan52naturalcolorsasclassifiedinPeru12asclassifiedinAustraliaand16asclassifiedintheUnitedStates.4.Accordingtothetextalpacascanbebestused_______.A.forlongdistanceridesB.toprotecthomeC.forchildrentoplaywithD.tocarryheavygoods5.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2probablymean?A.Alpaca’skickcan’thurtyou.B.Alpacaswanttodrawyourattention.C.YoumustlookoutforAlpacas’attack.D.YoushouldpaymoreattentiontoAlpaca6.Ifyouhave5acresoflandtoraiseAlpacashowmuchhaydoyouneedadayatmost?A.60pounds.B.120pounds.C.100pounds.D.180pounds.7.Accordingtothelastparagraphwhichofthefollowingistrue?A.Alpacafurisakindofsheep’swool.B.AlpacafurisonlyusedformakingsweatersinAustraliA.C.TheUSproducesthemostAlpacafurintheworlD.D.AlpacafurproducedinPerucomesinthemostnaturalcolors.

ResearchersattheUniversityofKansassaythatpeoplecanaccuratelyjudge90percentofastranger'spersonalitysimplybylookingattheperson’sshoes.ShoesconveyathinbutusefulpieceofinformationabouttheirwearertheauthorswroteinthenewstudypublishedintheJournalofResearchinPersonality.Shoesserveapracticalpurposeandalsoserveasnonverbalcues非语言暗示withsymbolicmessages.Peopletendtopayattentiontotheshoestheyandotherswear.MedicalDailynotesthatthedetailedpersonalityinformationdetectedinthestudyincludesaperson’sgeneralagegenderincomepoliticalideasandotherpersonalityincludingsomeone’semotionalstability.LeadresearcherOmriGillathsaidthejudgmentswerebasedonthestylecostcolorandconditionofsomeone’sshoes.Inthestudy63studentsfromTheUniversityofKansasresearcherslookedatpicturesshowing208differentpairsofshoeswornbythestudy’sparticipants.VolunteersinthestudywerephotographedintheirmostcommonlywornshoesandthenfilledoutapersonalityquestionnairE.Someoftheresultswereexpected:peoplewithhigherincomemostcommonlyworeexpensiveshoesandflashierfootwearwastypicallywornbyoutgoingpeoplE.Howeversomeresultsarefunnyandinteresting.Forexamplepracticalandfunctionalshoesweregenerallywornbymoreagreeablepeoplewhileanklebootsweremorecloselyalignedwithaggressivepersonality.Thestrangestofallmaybethatthosewhoworeuncomfortablelookingshoestendtohavecalmpersonality.Theresearchersnotedthatsomepeoplewouldchooseshoestylestomasktheiractualpersonalityinformationbutresearchersnotedthatvolunteerswerealsolikelytobeunawarethattheirfootwearchoiceswererevealingdeepinsightsintotheirpersonality.33.AccordingtoParagraph2whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Theshoespeoplewearmayreflecttheinformationofthewearer.B.Peoplewouldalwayslookatstrangers’shoeswithapracticalpurposE.C.Shoesaresofunnyandinterestingthattheyattractpeople’smuchattention.D.Peoplepayattentiontoshoesinordertoknowtheinformationoftheshoes.34.Accordingtothetexttheresearchersdidthestudyby__________.A.doingcasualinterviewsB.carryingoutlabexperimentsC.analyzingthedatafromtheparticipantsD.observingtheparticipants35.Theunderlinedpartalignedwithprobablymeans__________.A.familiarwithB.relatedtoC.providedwithD.devotedto

SmoginEuropeandNorthAmericacouldbemorethan25timesmoredeadlythantheaverageairpollutionfoundinChinesecitiesanewstudysuggests.Inthelargesteverstudyofitskindinthedevelopingworldresearcherstestedtheeffectsofairpollutiononthehealthofpeoplein272citiesinChinA.TheyfoundaverageannualexposuretofineparticlesknownasPM2.5inthosecitieswasmorethanfivetimeshigherthanthelevelrecommendedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationWHOaccordingtoapaperintheAmericanJournalofRespiratoryandCriticalCareMedicinE.HowevertheyalsodiscoveredthatitwasmuchlesslikelytoincreasethedeathratethanPM2.5inEuropeandNorthAmericA.TheresearchersledbyDrMaigengZhouoftheChineseCentreforDiseaseControlandPreventionsuggestedthiswasbecauseChinaisaffectedbylargeamountsofnaturaldustblownbythewindfromaridareaswhilemostpollutionintheWestcomesfromindustry.Theyfoundthatforeveryincreaseof10microgramsofairpollutioninacubicmeterofairthemortalityrateincreasedby0.22percentdiscountingdeathsfromaccidents.ProfessorFrankKellyanexpertinenvironmentalhealthatKing’sCollegeLondonwhowasnotinvolvedinthestudybuthasstudiedairpollutioninChinatoldTheIndependent:ThoserelativerisksareconsiderablylessthanthoseseeninEuropeandtheUS.Formortality死亡率inEuropeweareworkingonasixpercentincreaseper10micrograms.ThatsuggestsairpollutioninEuropeisabout27timesmoretoxicthanaverageairpollutioninChinA.HoweverProfessorKellysaidcitieslikeBeijingShanghaiandHongKongwerelikelytosufferfromWestern-styleairpollution.ThenaturaldustcomponentthereisnotofthemagnitudethatitwoulddwarfthecoalbiomassandfossilfuelsignalshesaidThatmaybetrueincertaincitieswhosepollutionisnotdominatedbylocalpowergenerationormajortrafficcongestion.Naturaldustparticlescancausephysicaldamagetothelungsandtriggeranasthmaattack.Particlesofcarbonproducedwhenfossilfuelsareburnedcanleadtosimilarproblemsbuttheyarealsocoatedwithtoxicheavymetalschemicalsandvolatileorganiccompounds.Theseareabletopassfromthelungsintothebloodstreamwhereitisthoughttheycausefurtherdamagetothebody.AreebaHamidanairpollutioncampaignerwithenvironmentalgroupGreenpeacesaid:Poisonousaircausesdamagetopeople’shealthwhereverintheworldtheylivE.Wenowknowfumesfromdiesel柴油机vehiclesarealotmorepoisonousthancarcompaniesclaimedandthisisabigcauseofairpollutioninEuropeandNorthAmericA.Thesecompanieshavealottoanswerforbutsofarthey’vemanagedtoavoidanyrealaccountability.ThestudyofcitiesinChinafoundtheaverageannualexposetoPM2.5was56microgramspercubicmetercomparedtotheWHOguidelinelimitforsafeairqualityof10micrograms.Peoplewhowereolderthan75hadlesseducationorwholivedinhotterplacesweremorelikelytodiE.ItisthoughtpeopleinwarmercitiesweremorelikelytospendtimeoutsideorleavetheirwindowsopentherebybreathingmorepollutedairtheresearcherssaiD.Theyalsospeculatedthatlesswelleducatedpeoplemighthavepooreraccesstohealthcareorexperiencepoorerenvironmentalhealthconditions.62.WhyPM2.5inChinaislessdeadlythanthatinEuropeandNorthAmerica?A.ChinaisfreefromanypollutionaboutPM2.5.B.PollutantsaffectingChinamainlycomefromaridareas.C.FewerpeoplediedfromPM2.5inChinathanthoseinEuropeandNorthAmericA.D.EuropeandNorthAmericaarepollutedbynaturaldust.63.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinPara7referto?A.TheaveragemortalityratE.B.ThehighermortalityratE.C.ThelowermortalityratE.D.ThenormalmortalityratE.64.What’stherealcauseofairpollutioninEuropeandNorthAmericaaccordingtoAreebaHamid?A.Fumesfromdieselvehiclesaremuchmorepoisonous.B.Theenvironmentalagenciescan’ttakeonresponsibilities.C.Thetechnologydoesn’tmeetthestandards.D.Carcompaniescan’tevaluatetheresults.65.Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassageisto________.A.appealtopeopletolayanemphasisonenvironmentalprotection.B.illustratesmoginEuropeandNorthAmericaisquiteserious.C.demonstrateChinaissafestplaceintheworldtolivein.D.providesomegoodwaystoaddressthesmog.

Itis7amandthealarmisgoingoff.Youknowyouhavetobeoutofbedtocatchthebus.Buttheurgetoburyyourselfinthebediseversostrong.Soundsfamiliar?Whyisitthatteensfinditdifficulttogetthemselvesoutofbedintimeeverymorningorstaysharpandfocusedduringthefirstcoupleofhoursofschool?Duringadolescencethebodygoesthroughmanychangesandtheseincludeashiftinsleeppatterns.ResearchersfromMIThavebeentrackingthebody’sneedforsleepinteenagers.Theyfoundthatthoughadolescentsneedasmuchas9.5hoursofsleepadaytheygettobedlaterandlaterwitheachpassingyear.Infactthesleepcycleshiftslaterbyasmuchas12to18minuteseachyearbetweentheagesof10and20!Sobythetimea10­year­oldwhosleepsat8pmgrowstobe17or18hisbodynaturallywantstostayuptill1030pmor11pm.Accordingtoresearchersthisisbecauseofahormonecalledmelatonin褪黑激素thatissecreted分泌bythepinealgland—atinystructuredeepinsidethebrain.Melatoninregulatesthebody’snaturalday­nightrhythms.Itcausesapersontobecomesleepybyloweringhisbody’scoretemperaturE.Inteensmelatoninissecretedmuchlaterintheeveningandcontinuestoincreasethroughoutthenight.Thismakesitdifficultforteenstofallasleepearlierastheydidintheiryoungeryears.Likewisetheeffectofmelatonincontinuesuntilmuchlaterinthemorningmakingithardforthemtowakeupearly.Astudyfoundthatatleastoneinfourteensistiredandfallsasleepinschoolatleastonceaweek.Duringsleepimportantbodyfunctionsandbrainactivitieshappen.Sohowcanteenagersgettheirsleepenough?TheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsAAPrecommendsthatmiddleandhighschoolsshouldstartlater—notbefore830am.Thisshouldgiveteenssomemoretimetosleepatnight.24.FromParagraph2wecanlearnthatifyousleeplatethenextdayyoushould________.A.staysharpB.skipbreakfastC.getuplateD.stayuplate25.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordthisinParagraph3referto?A.Thestudentswanttostayup.B.TheshiftsofthesleepcyclE.C.Thepinealglandsecretesmelatonin.D.TheadolescentssleeplatE.26.Theteensgotosleeplaterthanbeforebecause________.A.melatoninissecretedmuchlaterB.melatoninregulatesthesleeptimeC.theysleepalotinthedaytimeD.theyneedtofinishtheirhomework27.AccordingtoAAP’srecommendationmiddleandhighschoolsshould________.A.letteenssleepinthedayB.letthestudentsbeactiveC.delaythestarttimeD.startlaterat8am

ThesciencefictiontypeofentertainmentisconsideredbymosttobefatheredbyJulesVerneAJourneytotheCenteroftheEarthandTwentyThousandLeaguesUndertheSeaandH.G.WellsTheTimeMachineandTheWaroftheWorlds.Sci-Fiasitiscommonlyshortenedisafictionalstoryinwhichscienceandtechnologyhaveasignificantinfluenceonthecharactersandplot.ManysuchworksareguessworkaboutwhatthefutureholdsandhowscientificfindingsandtechnologicaladvanceswillshapehumankinD.Writinginthelate1800sJulesVernewasremarkablysuccessfulinhis10guessesaboutfuturetechnologiesofairconditioningautomobilestheInternettelevisionandunderwaterairandspacetravel.UnbelievablyofallplacesfromwhichtochooseJulesVerneguessedTampaFloridaUSAasthelaunchingsiteofthefirstprojecttotheMoonwhichwasonly200kilometersawayfromtheactual1969locationatCapeCanaveralFloridA.Oneofthebest-knownsciencefictionbooksisNineteenEighty-FourbyGeorgeOrwell.Publishedin1949itwasnotmeantasapredictionbutasawarning:OrwellwasdescribingwhathesawastheoutcomeoftheideastrendsandemergingtechnologiesofhistimE.Manyinventedtermsfromthisnovelhavebecomecommonineverydayusesuchasbigbrotheranddoublethink.Eventheauthor’snamehasbeenmadeintoanadjective—Orwellian—andhasbecomeawarningexpressionofsituationswhereprivacyislostandtheindividualhasnopowerandiscompletelycontrolledbythegovernment.NineteenEighty-Fourwastranslatedintosixty-fivelanguageswithinfiveyearsofitspublicationsettingarecordthatstillstands.Whathelpsbringsciencefictionintobeingisusuallyanewdiscoveryorinnovation.Theauthorcreatesananalysisofthepotentialinfluenceandconsequencesandthenwrapsitinapleasantstory.ForexamplethebeginningofspaceexplorationwasfollowedafewyearslaterbytheStarTrektelevisionprogramandmovieseries.Thesciencefictionauthor’sself-determinedroleistosearchtheworldoffuturepossibilitiesupontheroadwhichwearetraveling.32.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatsciencefictionmightbe_________.A.aforecastofhowanewdiscoverycouldinfluencemankindB.abriefreviewofthepresentdrawbacksoftechnologyC.athoughtfullookatthepastandapredictionofthefutureD.ananalysisofhowanewtechnologycouldbeusedtoharmhuman33.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesNineteenEighty-Four?A.A.predictionoffuturetechnologies.B.A.warningofunfairandcruelruling.C.Themotiveofscientificdevelopment.D.Animaginaryperfectworldoffreedom.34.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat_________.A.H.G.WellspredictedtheInternetinthelate1800sB.NineteenEighty-FouradoptedsomepopulartermsC.StarTrekmovieserieswerebasedonspaceexplorationD.CapeCanaveralwasmentionedinJulesVerne’sfiction35.Accordingtotheauthorwhatistheroleofsciencefictioninourlife?A.A.referenceoftechnology.B.A.moralcompass.C.A.recordofsciencedevelopment.D.A.formofthinkingaboutpossibilities.

Astudyfindsthatyoungsterswhohaveasisterarehappier.Why?Theusualanswer—thatgirlsandwomenaremorelikelythanboysandmentotalkaboutemotions—issomehowunsatisfyingespeciallytoaresearcherlikemE.Muchofmyworkovertheyearshasdevelopedtheassumptionthatwomen'sstylesoffriendshipandconversationaren'tletterthanmen's.AmanoncetoldmethathehadspentadaywithafriendwhowasnewlydivorceD.Whenhereturnedhomehiswifeaskedhowhisfriendwasgoing.HerepliedIdon'tknow.Wedidn'ttalkaboutit.Hiswifeblamedhim.ThismadethemanfeelbaD.Sohewasrelievedtoreadinmyhookthatdoingthingstogethercanbeacomfortinitselfanotherwaytoshowcaring.Butiftalkingaboutproblemsisn'tnecessaryforcomfortthenhavingsistersshouldn'tmakemenhappierthanhavingbrothers.Yettherecentstudyissupportedbyothers.ScientistsLizWrightandTonyCassidyfoundthatyoungpeoplewhohadgrownupwithatleastonesistertendedtobehappierandmoreoptimisticespeciallyiftheirparentshaddivorceD.ResearcherJudyDunnfoundasimilarpatternamongolderadults.Iinterviewedabout100womenabouttheirsistersbutiftheyalsohadbrothersIaskedthemtocomparE.Mostsaidtheytalkedtotheirsistersmoreoftenatgreaterlengthandaboutmorepersonaltopics.Thisoftenmeantthattheyfeltclosertotheirsisters.It'struethathavingasistermakesonehappierbutitneedn'tbetalksaboutemotions.WhenwomentoldmetheytalktotheirsistersmoreoftenatgreaterlengthandaboutmorepersonaltopicsIbelieveit'sthefirstelementthatisthemostimportantratherthantherest.25.WhydidthewifeblameherhusbandinParagraph3?A.BecausehelaughedathisdivorcedfrienD.B.Becausehestayedwithhisfriendfortoolong.C.Becauseshedidn'tthinkhehadshowncaretohisfrienD.D.Becauseshedidn'tlikeherhusband'scontactwithhisfrienD.26.Whatcanwelearnfromthesixthparagraph?A.Evenanolderadultcanbehappierifhehasasister.B.Women'sstylesofconversationarebetterthanmen's.C.Talkingisn'ttheonlyfactorthatmakespeoplehappier.D.Talkingaboutproblemsisthebestwaytoshowcareforothers.27.Asfortalksbetweensisters.whatisthemostimportantinthewriter'sopinion?A.Thecontent.B.Thefrequency.C.ThetopiC.D.Thelength.28.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhySisterlyChatsMakePeopleHappierB.Sisters'NaturalTendencyinEmotionalTalkingC.TalkingIstheBestWaytoMakePeopleHappyD.WomenEnjoyDifferentStylesofCommunication

Sleepinginaroomwithtoomuchlighthasbeenlinkedtoanincreasedriskofpilingonthepoundsastudyshows.A.teamattheInstituteofCancerResearchinLondonfoundwomenhadlargerwaistlinesiftheirbedroomwaslightenoughtoseeacrossatnightHowevertheycautionthereisnotenoughevidencetoadvisepeopletobuythickercurtainsorturnofflights.Thewomenwereaskedtoratetheamountoflightintheirbedroomsatnightas:LightenoughtoreaD.LightenoughtoseeacrosstheroombutnotreaD.Lightenoughtoseeyourhandinfrontofyoubutnotacrosstheroom.Toodarktoseeyourhandoryouwearamask.Prof.AnthonySwerdlowtoldtheBBC:Inthisverylargegroupofpeoplethereisanassociationbetweenreportedlightexposureatnightandoverweightandobesity.Butthereisnotsufficientevidencetoknowifmakingyourroomdarkerwouldmakeanydifferencetoyourweight.Theremightbeotherexplanationsfortheassociationbutthefindingsareintriguingenoughtoguaranteefurtherscientificinvestigation.Thelightisdisruptingthebodyclockwhichstemsfromourevolutionarypastwhenwewereactivewhenitwaslightinthedayandrestingwhenitwasdarkatnight.Lightaltersmoodphysicalstrengthandeventhewayweprocessfoodina24-hourcyclE.Artificiallightisknowntodisruptthebodyclockbydelayingtheproductionofthesleephormonemelatonin褪黑素.Prof.Derk-JanDijksaidtherewouldbenoharmintryingtomakebedroomsdarker.HetoldtheBBC:Peopleingeneralarenotawareofthelightpresentintheirbedroom.Ithinkpeopleshouldassesstheirbedroomandseehoweasyitwouldbetomakeitdarker.StreetlightssomealarmclocksandstandbylightsonelectricalequipmentsuchastelevisionscouldlightaroomhesaiD.OverallthisstudypointstotheimportanceofdarknessheconcludeD.29.Thepassagemainlytellsus________.A.brightbedroomslinktoobesityB.darkbedroomslinktoobesityC.peopleshouldturnofflightsD.peopleshouldbuythickercurtains30.WhatdoestheunderlinedworddisruptParagraph4mean?A.stop.B.disturbC.improvE.D.recover.31.What’sProf.Derk-JanDijk’sattitudetowardsthedarkroom?A.Unclear.B.Doubtful.C.NegativE.D.FavorablE.

GlobalPositioningSystemsarenowapartofeverydaydrivinginmanycountries.Thesesatellite-basedsystemsprovideturn-by-turndirectionstohelppeoplegettowheretheywanttogo.Buttheycanalsocausealotofproblemssendyoutothewrongplaceorleaveyoucompletelylost.ManytimesthedriveristoblamE.SometimesaGPSerrorisresponsiblE.MostoftensaysBarryBrownanexpertinhuman-computerinteractionitisacombinationofthetwo.WespoketoMr.BrownbySkype网络电话软件.HetoldusaboutanincidentinvolvingafriendwhohadflowntoanairportintheeasternUnitedStates.ThereheborrowedaGPS-equippedcartouseduringhisstay.BarryBrown:Andtheyjustpluggedinanaddressandthensetofftotheirdestination.Andthenitwasn'tuntiltheyweredrivingforthirtyminutesthattheyrealizedtheyactuallyputinadestinationbackontheWestCoastwheretheyliveD.Theyactuallyputtheirhomeaddressin.SoagaintheGPSiskindof‘garbageingarbageout’.Mr.Brownsaysthisisacommonhumanerror.ButhesayswhatmakestheproblemworsehastodowithsomeoftheshortcomingsorfailuresofGPSequipment.BarryBrown:OneproblemwithalotoftheGPSunitsistheyhaveaverysmallscreenandtheyjusttellyouthenextturn.Becausetheyjustgiveyouthenextturnsometimesthatmeansthatitisnotreallygivingyoutheoverviewthatyouwouldneedtoknowthatit'sgoingtothewrongplacE.BarryBrownonceworkedonaprojectwithEricLaurierfromtheUniversityofEdinburgh.ThetwomenstudiedtheeffectsofGPSdevicesondrivingbyplacingcamerasinpeople’scars.Theywroteapaperbasedontheirresearch.ItiscalledTheNormalNaturalTroublesofDrivingwithGPS.ItlistsseveralareaswhereGPSsystemscancauseconfusionfordrivers.TheseincludemapsthatareoutdatedincorrectordifficulttounderstanD.TheyalsoincludetimingissuesrelatedtowhenGPScommandsaregiven.BarryBrownsaystomakeGPSsystemsbetterweneedabetterunderstandingofhowdriverspassengersandGPSsystemsworktogether.24.InParagraph2MrBrownmentionedhisfriendintheconversationto.A.builduphisownreputationB.laughathisstupidfriendC.provetheGPSsystemisonlygarbageD.describeanexampleofhumanerror25.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldBarryBrownmostlikelyagreewith?A.GPSunitsaretoblameformostGPSservicefailures.B.WeshouldintroducehigherstandardsforthedrivinglicensE.C.CamerasareurgentlyneededtohelpimproveGPSsystems.D.DriversGPSsystemsandpassengersshouldunitetoimproveGPSsystems.26.WhatisMr.Brown'sattitudetowardsGPS?A.UnconcerneD.B.PrejudiceD.C.ObjectivE.D.Critical.27.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DrivingwithGPScanbedifficult.B.DrivingconfusionscanbecausedbysmallscreensC.DrivingwithoutGPSshouldbemuchmoreconvenientD.ProblemswithGPSarecausedbyhumanerrors.

OnApril14th2010myentirelifechangedinaninstant.OnemomentIwasjoyfullyridingthroughthesunshinE.Thenextmomentmetalfleshandbonewerespreadingagainstthepavementinathunderouscrash.AnothercyclistbikingcarelesslyhadcutmeoffandsentmesupermanningtowardoncomingtraffiC.AsiftosymbolizetheaccidentthathadhitmylifeanotherdisasteralsooccurredonApril14th2010.Itcosttheairlineindustry＄l.7billion.Tenmilliontravelerswerestuckfordays.EconomiesallovertheworldweredisturbeD.ThiswastheeruptionofEyjafjallajokulloneofIceland’smanyvolcanoes.HowevervolcanoesarenotallbaD.Infacttheyarenecessary.Theyareresponsibleforthebirthofnewearthandforthecreationofrichsoil.Thiseruptiongaveoff0.15milliontonsofcarbondioxideintotheatmospheredaily.Butcancelling48%oftheworldsflighttravelsavedabout2.8milliontonsofCO2fromenteringtheatmospheretemporarilydecreasingourcarbonfootprint.SimilarlytheaccidenthadbadlyaffectedmyemotionbutitalsoallowedmetolookmorecloselyinsidemyselfanddiscoverthingsaboutmyselfIneverwouldhaverealizeD.Ilearnedhownottojudgemyselfformynewlimitations.In1973anotherIcelandicvolcanoEldfellbrokeout.Icelandersdecidedtobombitwithcoldwateruntilitfrozeandchoseadifferentpath.Aftertheirplanworkedtheyusedthegeothermal地热energyforthenext15yearstoheattheirhomes.A.goodexampleoflifebringinglemonsandmakinglemonade!OnemustmoveonfrommisfortunesfocusingonlyonthepresentmomentandbeinghopefulforthefuturE.IranfromApril14th2010toeverykindofescapE.EventuallyIendedupinuniversityforanew-foundloveinEarthsciences.32.WhathappenedtothewriteronApril14th2010?A.Hewasinvolvedinacarcrash.B.HewasstuckinIceland’sairport.C.Hewitnessedavolcaniceruption.D.HewasbadlyinjuredonabikeridE.33.WhichwasaneffectoftheeruptionofEyjafjallajokull?A.Economywascostgloballybytheeruption.B.Carbondioxidewasincreasedtemporarily.C.TheearthinIrelandwasterriblypolluteD.D.Mostoftheworld’splaneswereheldup.34.WhydidthewritermentiontheEldfellvolcano?A.ItbrokeoutinIcelandonApril14thaswell.B.ItsymbolizedtheaccidentthatchangedhislifE.C.Itencouragedhimtoknowmoreabouthimself.D.Ittoldustomakethemostofgivensituation.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.InspirationfromDisastersB.EscapefromVolcanoesC.LoveforEarthScienceD.AttitudetowardsNature

BeingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlifE.Relationshipswithfamilyfriendsneighborsevenpetswillallhelpbutthebiggestlongevity长寿seemstocomefrommarriagE.Theeffectwasfirstnoticedin1858byWilliamFarrwhowrotethatwidowsandwidowers鳏夫wereatamuchhigherriskofdyingthanthemarriedpeoplE.Studiessincethensuggestthatmarriagecouldaddasmuchassevenyearstoaman’slifeandtwotoawoman’s.Theeffectcanbeseeninallcausesofdeathwhetherillnessaccidentorself-harm.Evenifthechancesareallagainstyoumarriagecanmorethancompensateyou.LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecanexpecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Similarlyamarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn’tsmokE.There’saflipsidehoweveraspartnersaremorelikelytobecomeillordieinthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirhusbandorwife’sdeathandcaringforyourhusbandorwifewithmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesamesevereproblems.EvensothechancesfavormarriagE.Ina30-yearstudyofmorethan10000peopleNicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchooldescribeshowallkindsofsocialnetworkshavesimilareffects.Sohowdoesitwork?Theeffectsarecomplicatedaffectedbysocio-economicfactorshealth-serviceprovisionemotionalsupportandothermorephysiologicalmechanisms生理机制.ForexamplesocialcontactcanpromotedevelopmentofthebrainandimmunesystemleadingtobetterhealthandlesschanceofdepressionlaterinlifE.Peopleinsupportiverelationshipsmayhandlestressbetter.Thentherearethepsychologicalbenefitsofasupportivepartner.A.lifepartnerchildrenandgoodfriendsareallrecommendedifyouaimtoliveto100.TheoverallsocialnetworkisstillbeingmappedoutbutChristakissays:Peopleareinter-connectedsotheirhealthisinter-connecteD.8.ItcanbeinferredfromthecontextthattheflipsideParA.2refersto_________.A.thedisadvantagesofbeingmarriedB.theemotionalproblemsarisingfrommarriageC.theresponsibilityoftakingcareofone'sfamilyD.theconsequenceofabrokenmarriage9.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsocialnetworks?A.TheyhaveeffectssimilartothoseofamarriagE.B.Theyhelpdeveloppeople'scommunityspirit.C.TheyprovidetimelysupportforthoseinneeD.D.Theyhelprelievepeopleoftheirlife'sburdens.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.It'simportantthatwedevelopasocialnetworkwhenyoung.B.Tostayhealthyoneshouldhaveapropersocialnetwork.C.Gettingadivorcemeansriskingareducedlifespan.D.Weshouldshareoursocialnetworkswitheachother.

ResearchersinChinaandtheUnitedStateshavedevelopedanewcataract白内障treatmentwithcellsthathasrestoredvisioninbabiesinatrialandmayeventuallybeusedinadults.Thetreatment-bydoctorsandstaffmembersattheUniversityofCaliforniaSanDiegoSchoolofMedicineandSichuanandSunYat-senuniversitiesinChina-waspublishedinMarch9editionofthescientificjournalNaturE.Acataractisacloudingofthenormallyclearlens晶体ofaneyE.TypicalcataractoperationinvolvestheremovalofthecloudylensandtheinsertionofanartificialonE.Thenewoperationhasbeentestedinanimalsandduringasmallhumantrial.Itresultedinfewercomplications并发症thanthecurrentharmfuloperationandinregrownlenseswithsuperiorvisualfunctioninall12ofthebabycataractpatientswhoreceivedtheprocedurE.Acongenitalcataract-lenscloudingthatoccursatbirthorshortlyafter-isimportantcauseofblindnessinchildren.InthenewresearchKandZhangheadofophthalmicgeneticsatUSSanDiego’sShileyEyeInstituteandhiscolleaguesreliedontheregrownpotentialofendogenous同源的stemcells.AccordingtoZhangendogenousstemcellsaredifferentfromotherstemcellsthataretypicallygrowninalaboratorytransplantedintoapatientandcanhaverisksofimmune免疫的rejectioninfectionorcancers.ZhangtoldCBSNewsWeinventedanewoperationtomakeaverysmallopeningatthesideofacataractouslensbagremovethecataractinsideallowtheopeningtohealandpromotepotentiallensstemcellstoregrowanentirelynewlenswithvision.Thehumantrialinvolved12babiesundertheageof2whoweretreatedwiththenewmethodwhile25babiesreceivedtheestandardoperationcarE.Thelattergroupexperiencedahigherincidenceofpos-operationdangerearly-onseteyehighbloodpressureandincreasedlensclouding.Thescientistsreportedfewercomplicationsandfasterhealingamongthe12babieswhohasthenewprocedurE.12.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.TheconceptofthecataractB.AnewcataracttreatmentwithstemcellsC.Badeffectsofpost-operationinthecataractD.Thereasonswhythecataractcomesintobeing13.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribethenewcataracttreatmentaccordingtothepassage?A.ConvenientB.ComfortableC.CheapD.Safe14.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewcataracttreatment?A.IthasmorerisksB.ItmaybeusedwidelyC.IthasbeenputintopracticewidelyD.Itcanonlyrestorevisioninbabies15.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordcongenitalinthefourthparagraphmean?A.BornB.StrangeC.SeriousD.Dangerous.

Ifresearcherswanttoknowwhathappenedonaspecialdaytheyoftenlookatnewspaperspublished出版onthatday.Butwhatwouldhappenifnewspapersweretostoppublishing?FutureresearcherswouldlikelyturntotheWeB.TheInternetArchive’sWaybackMachineatArchivE.orghasforyearssavedwebsitesfromthepast.Butitonlydoesthisonceadayfornewswebsites.A.reporterBenWelshdecidedtocreateasitesimilartoArchivE.org.Buthewantedtoarchive存档onlynewswebsites.Andhewantedtosavetheirhomepages主页moreoften.InMayMr.WelshcreatedPastPages.orgtosavethehomepagesofseventynewswebsitesonceanhour.HesaidThisscheduleofwhatIcall‘harvesting’isimportantintoday’squickly-changingnewsenvironment.Becauseoverthecourseofadayanewsstorycandevelopquiteabit.Noonehassavedthehomepagesofsomanynewswebsitessooftenandmadethatmaterialavailable可获得的tothepubliC.IhopetokeepaddingtothesiteuntilitisarchivingmaterialfromuptothreehundrednewswebsitesaroundtheworlD.BenWelshspentaboutsixtydollarsamonthonstoragespacE.HefearedthecostwouldincreasebeyondwhathecouldaffordsoheaskedpeopleforhelpthroughthewebsiteKickstarter.WithinaboutaweekhehadgottenwhathehadaskedforandmorE.StephanieBluesteinareporterattheLosAngelesTimessaidNowyoucouldgobackandseewhattheleadstorywashowtheheadlinechangedandhowthenewspaperplayedastory.YoucanactuallycomparE.Today’snewschangessoquicklythatevenarchivingonceanhourmaysoonnotbeenough.32.WhydoesPastPages.orgsavehomepagesofnewswebsitesonceanhour?A.Becausenewschangesquicklyinmoderntimes.B.Becausethereareover300newswebsitesthatneedtobesaveD.C.BecausethewebsitecanmakeallthenewsavailabletothepubliC.D.Becausesavinghomepagesofnewswebsitesmayearnmoney.33.Mr.WelshaskedforhelpthroughthewebsiteKickstarterto______.A.helpmorepeoplesavehomepagesB.makemoremoneyfromPastPages.orgC.tohelpcreateanothersiteArchivE.orgD.raisemoneytopayforthecostofstoragespace34.What’sStephanieBluestein’sattitudetowardsPastPages.org?A.Uncaring.B.FavorablE.C.DisagreeablE.D.Doubtful.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WebsitescompetewithnewspapersB.WebsitessaveusefulhomepagesinthepastC.Websitessavetoday’shomepagesforthefutureD.Websitessavemorehomepagesthannewspapers

Gettingridofdirtintheopinionofmostpeopleisagoodthing.Howeverthereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcenturypeoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasawaytopreventdiseaseasmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.A.particulardangerwasthoughttoexistinpublicbaths.By1538theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIVkingofFrancewasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabaththekingorderedthattoavoidtheattackofdiseasethenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemerit优点ofdirtwaslong-liveddirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeakingcleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.CleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdiseasE.YetitseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhiteclothseversoftersurfacestoshinE.Hasthehatefordirthowevergonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirtwhichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdiseasE.OnthecontraryMaryRuebushanAmericanimmunologist免疫学家encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.AndthelatterpositionisgainingsomegrounD.24.ThekingsofFranceandEnglandinthe16thcenturyclosedbathhousesbecause.A.theylivedhealthilyinadirtyenvironmentB.TheybelieveddiseasecouldbespreadinpublicbathsC.theyconsideredbathingascauseofskindiseaseD.theythoughtbathhousesweretoodirtytostayin25.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHenryIV’sattitudetobathing?A.CuriousB.ApprovingC.AfraidD.Uninterested26.Howdoesthepassagemainlydevelop?A.ByfollowingtheorderoftimE.B.Bymakingcomparison.C.ByprovidingexamplesD.ByfollowingtheorderofimportancE.27.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassages?A.Tostresstheroleofdirt.B.Tointroducethehistoryofdirt.C.Tocallattentiontothedangerofdirt.D.Topresentthechangeofviewsondirt.

AlexandraScottwasborntoLizandJayScottinManchesterConnecticutonJanuary181996thesecondoffourchildren.ShortlybeforeherfirstbirthdayAlexwasdiagnosedwithneuroblastomaatypeofchildhoodcancer.OnherfirstbirthdaythedoctorsinformedAlex’sparentsthatifshebeathercanceritwasdoubtfulthatshewouldeverwalkagain.JusttwoweekslaterAlexslightlymovedherlegatherparents’requesttokick.Thiswasthefirstindicationthatshewouldturnouttobeacourageousandconfidentchildwithbigdreamsandbigaccomplishments.ByhersecondbirthdayAlexwasabletostandupwithlegbraces支架.Sheworkedhardtogainstrengthandtolearnhowtowalk.Sheappearedtobeovercomingthedifficul-tiesuntiltheshockingdiscoverywithinthenextyearthathertumors肿瘤hadstartedgrowingagain.Intheyear2000thedayafterherfourthbirthdayAlexreceivedastemcelltransplant干细胞移植andinformedhermotherWhenIgetoutofthehospitalIwanttohavealemonadestanD.ShesaidshewantedtogivethemoneytodoctorstoallowthemtohelpotherkidsliketheyhelpedmE.Truetoherwordsheheldherfirstlemonadestandlaterthatyearwiththehelpofherolderbrotherandraisedanamazing$2000forherhos-pitalPeoplefromallovertheworldmovedbyherstoryheldtheirownlemonadestandsanddonatedtheearningstoAlexandhercausE.InAugustof2004Alexpassedawayattheageof8knowingthatwiththehelpofothersshehadraisedmorethan$1milliontohelpfindacureforthediseasethattookherlifE.Alex’sfamily—includingbrothersPatrickEddieandJoey—andsupportersaroundtheworldarecommittedtocontinuingherinspiringcausethroughAlex’sLemonadeStandFoundation基金会.12.ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthatAlex____________.A.couldn’twalkuntilshewasfourB.wastheonlydaughteroftheScottsC.heldherfirstlemonadestandin2001D.wasbornwithcancer13.WhywasAlex’sLemonadeStandFoundationfounded?A.TopromoteherlemonadE.B.Tosetupachildren’shospital.C.ToattractpublicattentiontoherdiseasE.D.Tocollectmoneytohelpchildrenwithcancer.14.WhatdidthepublicdotosupportAlexandhercauseA.TheyhelpedherselllemonadE.B.Theyprovidedfreestandsforher.C.Theydonatedmoneytoherfoundation.D.Theydonatedstemcellsforheroperation.15.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeAlexA.Stubborn.B.DetermineD.C.Innocent.D.EnergetiC.

Lifeexpectancy预期寿命isrisinginmuchoftheworlD.Butdoctorsareseeinganothertrendthatisdisturbing.Somepeoplearechoosinglifestylesthatcontributetoearlydeath.A.newUSstudylooksatfourlifestylechoicesthatpreventpeoplefromstayinghealthyandlivinglonger.Itusedtoberareforpeopletoliveto100.ButbabiesbornintheUStodaycanhopetolivethatlong.Inthetwentiethcenturylifeexpectancyinwealthynationsincreasedbyasmuchas30years.AveragelifeexpectancyforAmericansis78.Butdoctorsareseeingpeopleadoptbadhabitsthatcancuttheirlivesshortsuchaseatingtoomuchoreatingtoomuchjunkfoodexercisingtoolittleandsmokingcigarettes.ThesehabitsincreasetheriskforcancerdiabetesheartdiseaseandstrokE.ResearchersatHarvardUniversityandtheUniversityofWashingtonwantedtofindouthowmanyyearsarelostwiththeselifestylechoices.WhatwefoundwasthathighbloodpressuresmokingandoverweightaccountforfiveyearsoflossoflifeexpectancyinmenandaboutfouryearsinwomenatthenationallevelGoodarzDaneaioneoftheprincipalresearcherssaiD.Theresearchersbrokedownthedataintoraceincomeandlocation.andtheyfoundevengreaterdifferences.Middle-incomewhiteshavethebestbloodpressurE.ButAsian-Americanshavefewestbadhabitsandthebesthealth.They’renotgettingheartdiseasebecauseoflowbloodpressuretheyarenotgettingcancerbecausetheyhavelowriskfactorsforcancerincludingsmokingDanaeisaiD.Theresearcherssaypublichealthofficialscouldusethestudytoplanprogramsthatwillhelppeoplemakebetterlifestylechoices.9.Somepeople’searlydeathistheresultoftheir.A.lifeexpectancyB.genesC.lifestylesD.hobbies10.BabiesbornnowadaysintheUScanbeexpectedto.A.liveto100B.livelessthan100C.live30yearslongerD.liveto7811.Highbloodpressuresmokingandoverweightcanleadto.A.fouryearsoflossofexpectancyinmenandfiveyearsinwomenB.fiveyearsoflossoflifeexpectancyinmenwhileaboutfouryearsinwomenC.fiveyearsoflossoflifeexpectancyinbothmenandwomenD.Nineyearsoflossoflifeexpectancyinbothmenandwomen12.ComparedwithAsian-Americansmiddle-incomewhiteshave.A.fewerbadhabitsB.betterhealthC.betterbloodpressureD.lowerriskofcancer

Doyouknowhowitiswhenyouseesomeoneyawnandyoustartyawningtoo?Orhowharditistobeamongpeoplelaughingandnotlaughyourself?Wellapparentlyit'sbecausewehavemirrorneurons神经元inourbrains.Putsimplytheexistenceofmirrorneuronssuggeststhateverytimeweseesomeoneelsedosomethingourbrainsimitate模仿itwhetherornotweactuallyperformthesameaction.Thisexplainsagreatdealabouthowwelearntosmiletalkwalkdanceorplaysports.Buttheideagoesfurther:mirrorneuronsnotonlyappeartoexplainphysicalactionstheyalsotellusthatthereisabiologicalbasisforthewayweunderstandotherpeoplE.Mirrorneuronscanundoubtedlybefoundalloverourbrainsbutespeciallyintheareaswhichrelatetoourabilitytouselanguagesandtounderstandhowotherpeoplefeel.ResearchershavefoundthatmirrorneuronsrelatestronglytolanguagE.A.groupofresearchersdiscoveredthatiftheygavepeoplesentencestolistentoforexample:Thehandtookholdoftheballthesamemirrorneuronsweretriggeredaswhentheactionwasactuallyperformedinthisexampleactuallytakingholdofaball.Anyproblemswithmirrorneuronsmaywellresultinproblemswithbehavior.Muchresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewithsocialandbehavioralproblemshavemirrorneuronswhicharenotfullyfunctioning.Howeveritisnotyetknownexactlyhowthesediscoveriesmighthelpfindtreatmentsforsocialdisorders.Researchintomirrorneuronsseemstoprovideuswithevenmoreinformationconcerninghowhumansbehaveandinteract互动.Indeeditmayturnouttobetheequivalent相等物forneuroscienceofwhatEinstein'stheoryofrelativitywasforphysics.Andthenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetocoughinthecinemawhensomeoneelsedoes—wellperhapsyou'llunderstandwhy.42.Mirrorneuronscanexplain_____.A.whywecrywhenwearehurtB.whywecoughwhenwesufferfromacoldC.whywesmilewhenweseesomeoneelsesmileD.whyweyawnwhenweseesomeoneelsestayuplate43.Theunderlinedwordtriggeredinthethirdparagraphprobablymeans____.A.setoffB.cutoffC.builtupD.brokenup44.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatmirrorneurons_____.A.relatetohumanbehaviorandinteractionB.controlhumanphysicalactionsandfeelingsC.resultinbadbehaviorandsocialdisordersD.determineourknowledgeandlanguageabilities45.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Waystofindmirrorneurons.B.Problemsofmirrorneurons.C.Existenceofmirrorneurons.D.Functionsofmirrorneurons.

ClimatechangewillincreaseUSwildfiresandthesmokyairwillcauseterribleproblemsinareasfarbeyondthoseburnedreportsanenvironmentalgroupThursday.Two-thirdsofAmericansornearly212millionlivedinstatessufferingfromwildfiresmokethreeyearsagoaccordingtothereportbytheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncilNRDC.Theseareaswhichhadsmokeforatleastaweekwerenearly50timesgreaterthanthoseburneddirectlybyfirE.ItaffectsamuchwideareaoftheUnitedStatesthanpeoplehaverealizeD.saysauthorKimKnowltonaColumbiaUniversityhealthprofessoraddingthesmokecanmoveuptohundredsofmiles.Shesaysthesmokecontainsairpollutionandcancauseseveralkindsofdiseases.Texaswashithardestin2011whensmokestayedforatleastaweekinareasthatarehometo25millionpeopleaccordingtoNRDC’sreport.Illinoiswhichrecordednowildfireswithinitsborderscamesecondwithnearly12millionpeopleaffectedbysmokethatmovedinfromelsewhere.Theothereightstateswiththemostpeopleintouchwithsmokyairwereindescendingorder:FloridaMissouriGeorgiaLouisianaMichiganAlabamaOklahomaandIowA.Nearlytwodozenstateshadnowildfireswithintheirbordersin2011buteightofthemstillhadatleastoneweekofsmokyair:IllinoisMissouri.IowaKansasNebraskaIndianaWisconsinandOhio.Only18statesandtheDistrictofColumbiahadnopeopleintouchwithatleastaweekofsmokethatyearalthoughfiveofthem—AlaskaCaliforniaHawaiiNevadaandUtah—hadalargeareaburnedbywildfires.TheproblemwillonlygetworseKnowltonsays.Scientificresearchshowsclimateiscausinghighertemperaturesandhealthproblems.28.Wecanlearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat_______.A.climatechangekilledmanyAmericansB.therearefewerstatesburnedbywildfiresC.everystatehadwildfiresmokeforatleastaweekD.mostAmericanssufferedfromwildfiresmoke3yearago29.Whichofthefollowingstateshadwildfireswithinitsbordersin2011?A.Iowa.B.Kansas.C.Ohio.D.California.30.Theunderlinedworddescendinginthefourthparagraphprobablymeans_______.A.goingdownB.comingtrueC.lookingpracticalD.turningback31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Climatechangecausesmorewildfires.B.Wildfiresmokebecomesaserioushealthproblem.C.Morewildfirescauseclimatechanges.D.Airpollutionbecomesaterribleproblem.

InthefamousfairytaleSnowWhiteeatstheQueen’sappleandfallsvictimtoacurse;inShakespeare’snovelRomeodrinksthepoisonanddies;someancientChineseemperorstookpillsthatcontainedmercurybelievingthatitwouldmakethemliveforeverbuttheydiedafterwarD.Poisonhaslongbeenanimportantingredientinliteratureandhistoryanditseemstoalwaysbeconnectedwithevildangeranddeath.Buthowmuchdoyoureallyknowaboutpoison?AnexhibitionThePowerofPoisonopenedlastmonthattheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryinNewYorkintendedtogivetheaudienceamorevividunderstandingofpoison.TheexhibitionwillcontinueuntilAugustreportedTheNewYorkTimes.Themuseumtourstartsinarainforestsettingwhereyoucanseeliveexamplesofsomeofthemostpoisonousanimals:caterpillars毛虫frogsandspiders.Goldenpoisonfrogsforinstancearen’tmuchbiggerthanacoinbuttheirskiniscoveredinapoisonthatcancutoffthesignalingpowerofyournervesandasinglefroghasenoughvenom毒液tokill10grownhumans.Theexhibitionalsofeaturesinteractiveactivities.InaniPad-basedgamevisitorsarepresentedwiththreepuzzlingillnessesandaskedtoidentifythepoisonsbasedonsignsandsymptoms.Inonecaseforexampleapetdogisfoundsickinabackyardandvisitorshavetofigureoutwhetheritwasthetoad蟾蜍theleakybatteriesinthetrashorthedirtypondwaterthatdidit.''Poisonscanbebadforsomethings''MichaelNovacekseniorvicepresidentofthemuseumtoldNBCNews.''Yettheycanalsobegoodforothers.''Thisiswhatvisitorslearnfromthelastpartoftheexhibitionwhichdisplayshowpoisonscanbeusedfavorablybyhumansincludingformedicaltreatment.Thebloodtoxinsofvampirebatsforexamplecanpreventbloodfromclotting凝结whichmayprotectagainststrokes中风.A.poisonouschemicalfoundintheyewtreeiseffectiveagainstcancerwhichiswhatledtotheinventionofacancer-fightingdrugcalledTaxol.OnechemicalinthevenomofGilamonsterscanlowerthebloodsugarofitsvictimssoithasbeenusedtotreatdiabetes.ThebenefitsfromnaturalpoisonsarenotlimitedtojustmedicinE.Believeitornotmanythingsthatweregularlytakein–chilicoffeeandchocolateetC.–owetheirspecialflavorsoreffectstochemicalsthatplantsmaketopoisoninsects.33.BymentioningSnowWhiteandRomeoatthebeginningofthestorytheauthorintendsto________.A.drawreaders’attentiontothetopicofthearticleB.showthatpoisonisalwayslinkedwithevilanddeathC.showthatpoisonhaslongbeeninvolvedinliteratureD.getreaderstothinkofmoreexamplesoftheuseofpoisoninstories34.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheexhibitionThePowerofPoison?A.Toinformpeopleaboutwhichanimalsarethemostpoisonous.B.Toteachpeoplehowtohandlepoisonousanimals.C.Togivepeoplemorein-depthknowledgeaboutpoison.D.Toshowhowpoisonhasbeenusedformedicaltreatment.35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheexhibitionisTRUEaccordingtothearticle?A.Theexhibitionwillleadvisitorstoarealrainforest.B.ThosewhovisittheexhibitioncanjoininsomeiPad-basedinteractivegames.C.Goldenpoisonfrogsarethemostpoisonousanimalsondisplay.D.Visitorscanlistentolecturesonrecentstudiesofpoisonousanimals.

LastyearCongressissuedamoralcalltoactionwhenitorderedtheNationalInstitutesofHealthtoreevaluateitsethicaloversight伦理上的疏忽ofgovernment-fundedprimate灵长类research.AlthoughthescientificcommunitywidelyseesnonhumanprimatesasessentialforadvancesinbiomedicinetheyhavecausedmajorgainsinthefightsagainstAIDSandneurologicaldiseasessuchasParkinson’sforexampleresearchersagreemorecanbedonetotreattheanimalsmorehumanelyandconductresearchlesswastefully.TothatendtheNIHgatheredfamousscientistslastSeptembertodiscussthefutureofprimate-basedresearch—andtheyagreedthatdatasharingisthewayforwarD.ResearcherscouldreduceexperimentsonnonhumanprimatesbystudyingdatathathavealreadybeencollectedtoanswernewquestionssaysDavidO’ConnorapathologistattheUniversityofWisconsin–Madison.O’Connoriswalkingthewalk:hislaboratorystudiestheZikavirusinprimatesandheimmediatelypostsalltheresultsonlinE.ThegoalistofigureoutwaystofightZikaasquicklyaspossiblewithoutplacinganundueburdenonresearchprimates.TheSeattle-basedAllenInstituteforBrainSciencewhichusesrhesusmacaquessmallSouthAsianmonkeystostudythemolecularbasisofbraindevelopmentalsomakesallresultspubliC.O’Connorsaysthispracticeshouldbemorewidespreadsothatresearcherswhoareusingthisscarcebutvitalresourcecanlearnasmuchaspossiblefromasfewanimalsasnecessary.Stillheisskepticalthatdatasharingwillcatchonbecauseitwouldrequireachangeinnormativebehavior—science’sstrongcultureofsecrecyinwhichdataarekeptunderwrapsuntiltheyarepublishedinapeer-reviewedjournal.OnesteptowardfulltransparencyistofollowtheleadofhumanclinicaltrialssaysChristineGradyabioethicistattheNIH.U.S.lawrequiresmostclinicaltrialstoregisteronlineandmaketheirresultspublicevenifastudyfailsorisinconclusivE.Thisensuresthatotherresearcherscanlearnfromatrialregardlessofitsresults—amovethatcouldalsosafeguardprimatesagainstbeingusedforthesamethingtwicE.NancyHaigwooddirectoroftheOregonNationalPrimateResearchCenteralsosaysdatasharingisthewayofthefuturE.Hercenterhosts4800primatestostudyavarietyofhumandiseases.ShecurrentlycontributesresultsfromhercentertoO’Connor’sWebsitE.Idon’tseeadrawbackshesays.Wehavetosharedatamorequickly.61.WhatdoesCongressthinkoftheprimateresearch?A.IthasdoneagreatdealofgoodtoadvancesinbiomedicinE.B.Itisahugewasteofmoneytoconductresearchonprimates.C.Primate-basedresearchmustbestoppedformoralreasons.D.Properattentionshouldbegiventotreatingprimateshumanely.62.TheunderlinedphrasewalkingthewalkinParagraph2showsthatO’Connor_______.A.istheleaderinfightingZikavirusinprimatesB.iswalkingawayfromhisownresponsibilityC.iscarryingoutwhathehassaidheshoulddoD.istakingatoughroadwhenpostinghisdata63.AccordingtoO’Connorwhatmightpreventscientistsfromsharingtheirdata?A.Thedeep-rootedculturethatdatashouldbekeptsecretuntilpublisheD.B.Thefactthatscientistsarereluctanttochangetheirwayofresearch.C.TherequirementthatmostclinicaltrialsshouldberegisteredonlinE.D.ThefearthattheywillbelaughedatifastudyfailsorisinconclusivE.64.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMercilessPracticeofPrimateResearchB.ToTreatPrimatesMoreHumanely:TransparencyC.ToAbandonExperimentsonPrimates:FinalGoalD.T.heBurdenofResearchonNonhumanPrimates

Dinosaursruledtheplanetformillionsofyearsandtheyaregenerallybelievedtohavegoneextinct.Buttherealityisthatmodernversionsofdinosaursareallaroundus.Scientistshavebeenexploringsimilaritiesbetweenbirdsanddinosaurs;andnewresearchshowsthatthesetwotypesofanimalsaredirectlylinkeD.TheconnectionsbetweenbirdsanddinosaursareexploredinanewmuseumexhibitcalledDinosaursAmongUsattheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryinNewYorkCity.AccordingtoMarkNorellthedirectoroftheexhibitandanexpertatthemuseumitisbasedonnewscientificevidencecollectedoverthelasttwodecades.IthinkthisisreallygoingtoshakeupthewaypeoplethinkofdinosaursNorelltoldreporters.Onecouldarguethatwestillliveintheageofdinosaurs.Theexhibitincludesancientfossilsandlifelikemodelsofdinosaursofallsizestoshowtheevolutionofdinosaursintobirds.Itexaminesseveralpropertiesthataresharedbetweenthetwospeciesincludingfeatherscomplexbrainstheshapes.Andsizesofeggsandtheabilitytofly.Birdstodaymakenestslayeggsandtendtobabies.Fossilresearchshowsthatsomedinosaursalsomadenestsandlaideggs.Alsobirdshavehollow中空的boneswhichdon’tweighmuchandallowbirdstotakemoreairintotheirlungs.Theseadaptationshelpwithflight.Somedinosaurshadthesepropertiesaswell.Inadditiontheexhibitshowsthattherearemanysimilaritiesbetweenthelegsclaws;andfeetofdinosaursandbirds.Norellnotedthattheresearchbehindthisexhibitistheresultofadvancedscientifictechniques;andnewtechnologies.Forexampleresearchersusedascanning扫描processcalledcomputedtomographyCTtolookinsidethebrainsofextinctdinosaurs.ItcombineswithmanyX-raystoproducea3DimagE.ModerntechnologytellsusmorethanwethoughtwecouldeverknowabouttheconnectionsbetweendinosaursandbirdsNorellsaiD.32.What'sthemainideaofthistext?A.Experts.havediscoveredmanydinosaurs'fossils.B.A.newmuseumhasopenedforvisitorstoNewYorkCity.C.Researchhasbeendoneonthelifestylesofbirdsanddinosaurs.D.Anexhibitshowstheconnectionsbetweenbirdsanddinosaurs.33.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordpropertiesinParagraph4mean?A.Advantages.B.Characters.C.Changes.D.Activities.34.Oneofthesimilaritiesthatdinosaursandbirdsshareliesin________A.theirlungsB.theirlightbonesC.theshapesoftheirnestsD.thenumberoftheireggs35.WhatdidMarkNorelltrytoshowbymentioningCT?A.Theimportanceoftheresearch.B.Whatconnectsdinosaursandbirds.C.Theapplicationofmoderntechnology.D.Howdinosaurslivedmillionsofyearsago.

Cantreestalk?Yesbutnotinwords.Scientistshavereasontobelievethattreesdocommunicatewitheachother.Notlongagoresearcherslearnedsomesurprisingthings.Firstawillowtreeattackedinthewoodsbycaterpillars毛虫changedthechemistryofitsleavesandmadethemtastesoterriblethattheygottiredoftheleavesandstoppedeatingthem.Thenevenmoreastonishingthetreesentoutaspecialsmell—asignal信号causingitsneighborstochangethechemistryoftheirownleavesandmakethemlesstasty.Communicationofcoursedoesn’tneedtobeinwords.Wecantalktoeachotherbysmilingraisingourshouldersandmovingourhands.Weknowthatbirdsandanimalsuseawholevocabularyofsongssoundsandmovements.Beesdancetheirsignalsflyingincertainpatternsthattellotherbeeswheretofindnectar花蜜forhoney.Sowhyshouldn’ttreeshavewaysofsendingmessage?28.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatcaterpillarsdonotfeedonleavesthat______.A.arelyingonthegroundB.haveanunpleasanttasteC.beesdon’tlikeD.haveanunfamiliarshape29.Thewillowtreedescribedinthepassageprotecteditselfby______.A.growingmorebranchesB.communicatingwithbirdsandbeesC.changingitsleafchemistryD.shakingcaterpillarsoff30.Accordingtothepassagethewillowtreewasabletocommunicatewithothertreesby______.A.wavingitsbranchesB.givingoffaspecialsmellC.droppingitsleavesD.changingthecolorofitstrunk31.Accordingtothispassagebeescommunicateby______.A.makingspecialmovementB.touchingoneanotherC.smellingoneanotherD.makingunusualsound

Backin2001PenHadowandItraveledtotheNorthPolE.Onemorningwe’djusttakendownourtentandstartedskiing.PenwasinfrontandIwasfollowinghim.SuddenlyIgotastrangefeelingthatsomethingwasbehindus.Istoppedlookedbackandsawapolarbearwalkingtowardsus.PenandIplannedtostaywhereweweretryandlookbigandfrightenitaway.Penhadashotgunthatwe’dboughtinRussiA.ThatwashisjoB.Myjobwastolookbigandtotakeoffmyskisholdtheskisintheairmakelotsofnoiseandfrightenawaythebear.Penraisedthegunandfiredintotheair.Howeveritjammedandfailedtowork.Thebearwaswalkingtowardsus.Pentriedagainbutagainitdidn’twork.ThenhewalkedtowardsthebearandIthoughtWowPen’sgonecompletelymaD.He’sgoingtogeteaten.WhatshouldIdo?IthoughtmaybeIcouldthrowaskiatitorstab刺itwithaskipoleorsomething.SuddenlythebearstoppeD.PenstoppeD.Bang.Thegunwentoffintheair.TherewasabigcloudofsmokethatIthoughtsurprisedPenandmemorethanitsurprisedthebear.Theanimallookeduplookeddownturnedaroundandwalkedoff.PenturnedroundandsaidQuickgetthecameraandtakeaphotographandthatwaswhensuddenlyIfeltreallynervous.Icouldn’tevenundotheziponourbag.Thatwasthemorningoftheseconddayofthisjourney.Wewereouttherefortwomonths—fifty-ninedaysbutweneversawanotherbearthatclosE.21.WhathappenedtotheauthorandPen?A.Theylosttheirway.B.Theyfeltterriblyill.C.Theybroketheirtent.D.Theywerefollowedbyabear.22.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthorandPen?A.CalmandbravE.B.CaringandprouD.C.Honestandfriendly.D.Carefulandhumorous.23.Whofrightenedthebearawayintheend?A.Theauthor.B.A.hunter.C.Pen.D.Anotheranimal.24.Inthetexttheauthormainlytalksabout_____.A.hisdiscoveryintheNorthPoleB.hisexperienceintheNorthPoleC.whyhetraveledtotheNorthPoleD.howhetraveledacrosstheNorthPole

Theloneliestchimp黑猩猩intheworldjustgotthebestsurprise------ahugfromanewfriend.Ponsohasbeenbyhimselffornearlythreeyearsfindinghimselfaloneafterhiswifeandchildrendiedontheislandwheretheywereabandonedbyamedicaltestingcompanymanyyearsago.ForyearsanearbyvillagernamedGermainhasbeenPonso’sonlycompanyvisitinghimsooftentobringbananasandbread—thechimp’sonlysourceoffoodonthetinyisland.ItwasclearhowmuchPonsomissedcompanionshipwhenhewasrecentlyvisitedbyChimpanzeeConservationCentreDirectorEstelleRaballand.ThechimpimmediatelyembracedEstelleRaballandinahugehugandlaughedasshereachedoutforhimwithhissmilefromeartoear.ForthosewhoknowPonso’sbackstoryhisimmediateeaseandtrustinhumansmightbesurprising.Ponsowasoneof20chimpsallbetweentheagesof7to11yearsoldrelocatedtoanislandofftheIvoryCoastafterbeingusedfortestingbytheNewYorkBloodCentre.Afterthetestswerecompletedin2005thelabreportedlytransferredthechimpstoastringofislandsoccasionallydroppingofffoodandwaterbecausetherewasnoneinthechimps’newhomes.DiseaseandhungersoonleftonlyPonsohismateandtheirtwochildrenstanding.Butattheendof2013theydiedwithindaysofeachotherandPonsowasnowcompletelyalone.AgroupcalledSOSPONSOistryingtoraisemoneyforthepoorlonelychimpalreadyachievingitsgoalof$20000-allofwhichwillbeusedforPonso’scare.32.WhatdoweknowaboutthechimpPonso?A.Hewasdesertedbyhisfamily.B.Hefoundmanysourcesoffood.C.Hecametotheislandforatest.D.Hesuffersfromlonelinessgreatly.33.HowdidPonsofeelaboutthevisitofEstelleRaballand?A.Excited.B.Frightened.C.Embarrassed.D.ConfuseD.34.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thechimps’newsettlement.B.HowPonsocametotheisland.C.WhyPonsowasusedforatest.D.Themedicaltestaboutchimps.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Germainwon’tvisitPonsoanymore.B.Anewlabwillbebuiltontheisland.C.ManypeopleshowconcernforPonso.D.Morechimpswillbebroughttotheisland.

Facialexpressionscarrymeaningthatisdeterminedbysituationsandrelationships.ForexampleinAmericanculture文化thesmileisingeneralanexpressionofpleasurE.Yetitalsohasotheruses.A.woman’ssmileatapoliceofficerdoesnotcarrythesamemeaningasthesmileshegivestoayoungchilD.A.smilemayshowloveorpoliteness.Itcanalsohidetruefeelings.Itoftencausesconfusion困惑acrosscultures.ForexamplemanypeopleinRussiaconsidersmilingatstrangersinpublictobeunusualandevenimproper.YetmanyAmericanssmilefreelyatstrangersinpublicplacesalthoughthisislesscommoninbigcities.SomeRussiansbelievethatAmericanssmileinthewrongplaces;someAmericansbelievethatRussiansdon’tsmileenough.InSoutheastAsiancultureasmileisfrequentlyusedtocoverpainfulfeelings.VietnamesepeoplemaytellasadstorybutendthestorywithasmilE.Ourfacesshowemotions情感butweshouldnotattempttoreadpeoplefromanothercultureaswewouldreadsomeonefromourownculturE.Thefactthatmembersofoneculturedonotexpresstheiremotionsasopenlyasmembersofanotherdoesnotmeanthattheydonotexperienceemotions.RatherthereareculturaldifferencesintheamountoffacialexpressionspermitteD.ForexampleinpublicandinformalsituationsmanyJapanesedonotshowtheiremotionsasfreelyasAmericansdo.WhenwithfriendsJapaneseandAmericansseemtoshowtheiremotionssimilarly.ItisdifficulttogeneralizeaboutAmericansandfacialexpressivenessbecauseofpersonalandculturaldifferencesintheUnitedStates.PeoplefromcertainculturalbackgroundsintheUnitedStatesseemtobemorefaciallyexpressivethanothers.Thekeyistotrynottojudgepeoplewhosewaysofshowingemotionaredifferent.Ifwejudgeaccordingtoourownculturalhabitswemaymakethemistakeofreadingtheotherpersonincorrectly.27.WhatdoesthesmileusuallymeanintheU.S.?A.LovE.B.Politeness.C.Joy.D.Thankfulness.28.TheauthormentionsthesmileoftheVietnamesetoprovethatsmilecan___.A.showfriendlinesstostrangersB.beusedtohidetruefeelingsC.beusedinthewrongplacesD.showpersonalhabits29.Whatshouldwedobeforeattemptingtoreadpeople?A.Understandtheirculturalbackgrounds.B.Learnabouttheirrelationswithothers.C.FindoutabouttheirpastexperiencE.D.Figureoutwhattheywilldonext.30.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetest?A.CulturalDifferencesB.SmilesandRelationshipC.FacialExpressivenessD.HabitsandEmotions

Electronicsensorsbuiltintopapercouldbeusedinarangeofwaysfrominformationstor­agetotouchscreensandmorE.Electronicsensorsbuiltintocartons纸盒maymakeiteasiertotellwhenit’stimetothrowoutrottenmilkororangejuicE.Andthat’sjustthestart.Atleastthat’sthegoalforre­searchersworkingonputtingelectronicsintopaper.They’retryingtofigureouthowtocombinetheflexibilitylow-costandrecyclabilityofpaperwiththeinformation-carryingabilityofelectronics.DanielTorbjorkaphysicsgraduatestudentinFinlandhasbeenworkingontheproblem.He’spublishedareviewofthefieldinthethejournalAdvancedMaterials.MuchresearchhasbeenfocusedinthisareA.Whilemostelectronicapplicationsrequirepatternedconducting传导的structuresconductivepapercouldbeusedinapplicationssuchasenergystoragedevices.sensorselectricheatersandothersaccordingtoTorbjork.YoucouldevenhavesomeinteractivefunctionsinmagazinesTorbjorksaidYoucouldputasimplegameinapackagE.Ifyouwantatouchscreenpressabuttonandthensomethinghappen.SensorsinpapercouldtelluswhensomethinghasgonebaD.AdditionalapplicationssuchasinformationstorageandsecuritypaperhavebeensuggestedformagneticpaperscontainingmagnetitE.InMassachusettsresearchershavefiguredouthowtopostavideoofsuchadeviceputintoapaperairplanE.Germanresearchershavealsoputelectronicchipsinpaperbanknotestodefendcounter-feiters造伪币者.Paperisagoodmaterialbutprintingelectronicsalsorequireslow-costmanufacturing.AsmanyUSandEuropeanpapermakerslosemarketsharetocheaperpaperfromChinathesebigpapercompaniesarelookingforaddedvalueproducts.That’swhereelectronicpaperdevicescouldmakeadifferencE.Themajorobstaclesarepaper’slargesurfaceroughnessandchemicalimpurities.Torbjorksays.ButothersinthefieldthinkthatelectronicsensorsinpaperarestillfarfromtheconsumermarketplacE.Idontthinkitsgoingtohappen.saidRoyHorgan.YouneedaconductivesurfacE.Itcouldbe10yearsout.Whatwearelookingforaresolutionsthatyoucancommercializeto­day.SolarPrintispartneringwithItalianautomakerFiattodevelopauniqueauto-glasswithtinyphotostaticcells光电thatcancaptureelectricityfromthesun.Inthemeantimeusingpapertoconductelectricityisstillablue-skyproject.IwouldlovetoSeesomeoneprovemewrongbecausethatmeansthatit’sactuallyhap­pening.HorgansaiD.Ifsomeonecomesupwithconductivepaperthenthat’saveryinter­estingtechnology.61.Puttingelectronicsintopaperwill________.A.cutthecostandimpurityofpaperB.dependonflexibleconductivestructureC.helpconsumerottenmilkororangejuiceD.combinetheadvantagesofpaperandelectronics62.Paragraphs4to7mainlytalkaboutthe________oftheconductivepaper.A.practicaluseB.theoriesC.structuresD.designprocess63.Somepapermakerswelcomethenewtechnologyprobablybecauseitwill________.A.putanendtofakemoneyB.makethepapersmootherC.addmorevaluetopaperD.improvetheprintingtechnology64.FromthepassageweknowthatRoyHorgan________.A.hasaburningdesiretomakeagreatprofitB.showedmuchinterestinSolarPrintindustryC.isnotconfidentabouttheconductivepaperD.startedablue-skyprojecttostudypaper

ResearchersinChinaandtheUnitedStateshavedevelopedanewcataract白内障treatmentwithcellsthathasrestoredvisioninbabiesinatrialandmayeventuallybeusedinadults.Thetreatment—bydoctorsandstaffmembersattheUniversityofCaliforniaSanDiegoSchoolofMedicineandSichuanandSunYat-senuniversitiesinChina—waspublishedintheMarch9editionofthescientificjournalNaturE.Acataractisacloudingofthenormallyclearlens晶体ofaneyE.TypicalcataractoperationinvolvestheremovalofthecloudylensandtheinsertionofanartificialonE.Thenewoperationhasbeentestedinanimalsandduringasmallhumantrial.Itresultedinfewercomplications并发症thanthecurrentharmfuloperationandinregrownlenseswithsuperiorvisualfunctioninall12ofthebabycataractpatientswhoreceivedtheprocedurE.Acongenitalcataract—lenscloudingthatoccursatbirthorshortlyafter—isasignificantcauseofblindnessinchildren.InthenewresearchKangZhangheadofophthalmicgeneticsatUCSanDiego'sShileyEyeInstituteandhiscolleaguesreliedontheregrownpotentialofendogenous同源的stemcells.AccordingtoZhangendogenousstemcellsaredifferentfromotherstemcellsthataretypicallygrowninalaboratorytransplantedintoapatientandcanhaverisksofimmunerejectioninfectionorcancers.ZhangtoldCBSNewsWeinventedanewoperationtomakeaverysmallopeningatthesideofacataractouslensbagremovethecataractinsideallowtheopeningtohealandpromotepotentiallensstemcellstoregrowanentirelynewlenswithVision.Thehumantrialinvolved12babiesundertheageof2whoweretreatedwiththenewmethodwhile25babiesreceivedthestandardoperationcarE.Thelattergroupexperiencedahigherincidenceofpost-operationdangerearly—onseteyehigherbloodpressureandincreasedlensclouding.Thescientistsreportedfewercomplicationsandfasterhealingamongthe12babieswhohadthenewprocedurE.12.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theconceptofthecataract.B.A.newcataracttreatmentwithstemcells.C.Badeffectsofpost-operationinthecataract.D.Thereasonswhythecataractcomesintobeing.13.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribethenewcataracttreatmentaccordingtothepassage?A.Convenient.B.ComfortablE.C.Cheap.D.SafE.14.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewcataracttreatment?A.Ithasmorerisks.B.Itmaybeusedwidely....C.IthasbeenputintopracticE.D.ItcanonlyrestoreVisioninbabies.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordcongenitalinthefourthparagraphmean?A.Born.B.StrangE.C.Serious.D.Dangerous.

Recentlytherewasamajordiscoveryinthescientificresearch—themappingofallDNAinahumangene基因iscomplete.Coupleofyearsagothisseemsanimpossibletaskforscientisttoaccomplish.Allthisprogressinscienceleadsustobelievethatthedaywhenthehumanbeingwillbeclonedisnotfaraway.Humancloninghasalwaysbeenatopicofargumentintermsofmoralityorreligion.Takingalookatwhycloningmightbebeneficialamongmanycasesitisarguablethatparentswhoareknowntobeatriskofpassingageneticlimitationtoachildcouldmakeuseofcloning.Iftheclonewasfreeofgeneticlimitations.thentheotherclonewouldbeaswell.Thelattercouldfoeinsertedinthewomanandallowedtoripentoterm.Moreovercloningwouldenablewomenwhocan'tgetpregnanttohavechildrenoftheirown.Cloninghumanswouldalsomeanthatorganscouldbeclonedsoitwouldbeasourceofperfecttransferorgans.Thissurelywouldbegreatlybeneficialtomillionsofunfortunatepeoplearoundtheworldthatareexpectedtolosetheirlivesduetofailureofsingleormoreorgans.Itisalsoarguablethatabanoncloningmaybeunlawfulandwouldrobpeopleoftherighttoreproduceandlimitthefreedomofscientists.Argumentsagainstcloningarealsoonaperfectlypracticalside.PrimarilyIbelievethatcloningwouldstepinthenormalcycleoflife.Therewouldbealargenumberofsamegeneswhichreducethechancesofimprovementandinturndevelopment—thefundamentalreasonhowlivingthingsnaturallyadapttotheever-changingenvironment.Lifeprocessesfailingtodosomightresultinuntimelydisappearance.Furthermorecloningwouldmaketheuniquenessthateachoneofuspossessesdisappear.Thusleadingtocreationofgeneticallyengineeredgroupsofpeopleforspecificpurposesandchancesarethatthoseindividualswouldberegardedasobjectsratherthanpeopleinthesociety.Scientistshaven't100percentguaranteedthatthefirstclonedhumanswillbenormal.Thusthiscouldresultinintroductionofadditionallimitationsinthehumangene-pool.Regardingsucharguabletopicsinblackorwhiteapproachseemsveryinnocenttomepersonally.Weshouldrathertrytolookatallshadesofit.Ibelievethatcloningisonlylegalifitspurposeisforcloningorgans;nothumans.Thenwecouldregardthisasforsavinglifeinsteadofcreatinglife.Ibelievecloninghumansismorallyandsociallyunacceptable.32.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Geneticlimitationwillbebeneficialforsomewomen.B.Alargenumberofgeneswillpreventusfromdeveloping.C.Prohibitionofcloningmightlimitthefreedomofscientists.D.Firstclonedhumansmightbenormalaccordingtoscientists.33.What'stheauthor'sopiniononcloning?A.Cloningshouldbeentirelybanned.B.Cloningshouldbeusedincreatinglife.C.Cloningwilltakeawaytherighttoreproduce.D.Cloningisacceptableifitisusedforcloningorgans.34.Wherecanyoureadthisarticle?A.Inastorybook.B.Inamagazine.C.Inasciencefiction.D.Inabrochure.35.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?

ApolloForloversoftheartsApolloisatrulynecessarymagazinE.Coveringtheagesandthegreatciviliza??tionsoftheworldApollobringsyouwell-illustratedyetacademicarticlesbyinternationallyfamousscholarsaswellasinformationonexhibitionsandsales.Experiencefivemonthlyissuesforaslittleas??5each.TheGuardianWeeklyTheGuardianWeeklygivesyouaglobalviewwitharticlesfromfouroftheworld'smostrespectednewspapers.ReadthenewsfromdifferentviewsanddrawyourownconclusionsonthestoriesshapingourworlD.Tryitfor3monthsforjust??15.55.PlusgetafreecopyofTheGuardianYear2003.NewInternationalistFullofexcellentwritingandphotographytheN1coversonekeysubjecteachmonthfromTerror??ismtoPovertytoClimateChangE.Reportersfromaroundtheglobeprovideyouwithacomprehen??siveworldview.PLUS:massesoffreshreportsandstoriestokeepyouup-to-dateonworldaffairs.3monthsfreeandfreeWorldMap.TheWeekTheWeekistheonlyweeklysummarygivingyouthebestoftheBritishandforeignnewspapersinjust35pages.Designedtobereadinjust1houritprovidesyouwitheverythingyouneedandwanttoknow.TryTheWeeknowwith13issuesforjust??13.75.Ifyoudecideit'snotforyoujusttelluswithinthefirst6weeksandyoucangetyourmoneyback.72.Whichofthefollowingmagazineswillprobablyprovideyouwitharticlesaboutmusicandpaintings?A.Apollo.B.TheWeek.C.NewInternationalist.D.TheGuardianWeekly.73.Itispossiblethatmostofthereadersofthefourmagazinesare______.A.menB.womenC.childrenD.grown-ups74.Whichofthefollowingwouldyoumostprobablyreadifyouwanttogetinformationfromtheworld’smostpopularnewspapers?A.Apollo&TheWeek.B.Apollo&NewInternationalist.C.TheGuardianWeekly&TheWeek.D.TheGuardianWeekly&NewInternationalist.75.Thepurposeofwritingthesefourtextsisto______.A.tellthereadersthelatestnewsB.getmorereaderstosubscribe订阅C.showtheimportanceofthefourmagazinesD.introducethefourmagazinestonewreaders

Artificialintelligencecanidentifyskincancerinphotographswiththesameaccuracyastraineddoctorssayscientists.TheStanfordUniversityteamsaidthefindingswereincrediblyexcitingandwouldnowbetestedinclinics.EventuallytheybelieveusingAIcouldrevolutionizehealthcarebyturninganyone'ssmart-phoneintoacancerscanner.TheAIwasrepurposedfromsoftwaredevelopedbyGooglethathadlearnedtospotthedifferencebetweenimagesofcatsanddogs.Itwasshown129450photographsandtoldwhattypeofskinconditionitwaslookingatineachonE.Itthenlearnedtospotthehallmarksofthemostcommontypeofskincancer:carcinomaandthemostdeadly:melanoma黑色素瘤.Onlyonein20skincancersaremelanomayetthetumor肿瘤accountsforthree-quartersofskincancerdeaths.TheexperimentdetailedinthejournalNaturethentestedtheAIagainst21trainedskincancerdoctors.OneoftheresearchersDrAndreEstevatoldtheBBCNewswebsite:Wefindexcitedlyingeneralthatweareonparwithexcellentskincancerdoctors.Howeverthecomputersoftwarecannotmakeafulldiagnosisasthisisnormallyconfirmedwithatissuebiopsy活检.DrEstevasaidthesystemnowneededtobetestedalongsidedoctorsinthecliniC.TheapplicationofAItohealthcareiswebelieveanincrediblyexcitingareaofresearchthatcanbeleveragedtoachieveagreatdealofsocietalgoodhesaiD.OneparticularroutethatwefindexcitingistheuseofthisalgorithmonamobiledevicebuttoachievethiswewouldhavetobuildanappandtestitsaccuracydirectlyfromamobiledevicE.Incredibleadvancesinmachine-learninghavealreadyledtoAIbeatingoneofhumanity'sbestGoplayers.AndateamofdoctorsinLondonhavetrainedAItopredictwhentheheartwillfail.32.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat.A.ArtificialIntelligencemustreplacehumanonedayB.WecanuseArtificialIntelligencetocureskincancersC.Wecanusesmart-phonetoscanourskinatpresentD.Theresearchwillbeofgreathelptousandourhealthcare33.WhichonewillheagreewithaccordingtoDrEsteva?A.ArtificialIntelligencehasbeatenallofhumanity’sbestGoplayers.B.ArtificialIntelligencecouldsupportassessmentsbyGPs.C.Westillneedprofessionaldoctorswiththehelpofthesystem.D.TherearetoomanydisadvantagesforArtificialIntelligencE.34.TheunderlinedwordsonparwithinPara4likelymean.A.inferiortoB.equaledbyC.superiortoD.oppositeto35.What’sprobablythebesttitleofthispassage?A.CancerDoctorsAreOutB.AnAPPScanningSkinCancersC.ArtificialIntelligence—changeourfutureD.ArtificialIntelligence—asgoodascancerdoctors

Sleepdeprivation缺失isanimportanthiddenfactorinloweringtheachievementofschoolpupilsaccordingtoresearcherscarryingoutinternationaleducationtests.Itisaparticularprobleminrichercountrieswithsleepexpertslinkingittotheuseofmobilephonesandcomputersinbedroomlateatnight.Sleepdeprivationissuchaseriousproblemthatlessonshavetobedraggeddowntoalowerleveltosuitsleep-deprivedlearnersthestudyfounD.TheinternationalcomparisoncarriedoutbyBostonCollegefoundtheUnitedStatestohavethehighestnumberofsleep-deprivedstudentswith73%of9-and10-year-oldsand80%of13-and14-year-oldsidentifiedbytheirteachersasbeingnegativelyaffecteD.Inliteracy读写能力teststherewere76%of9-and10-year-oldslackingsleep.Thiswasmuchhigherthantheinternationalaverageof47%ofprimarypupilsneedingmoresleepand57%amongthesecondaryagegroup.Othercountrieswiththemostsleep-deprivedyoungsterswereNewZealandSaudiArabiaAustraliaEnglandIrelandandFrancE.High-performingFinlandisalsoamongthemostlackinginsleep.CountrieswiththebestrecordsforgettingenoughsleepincludeAzerbaijanKazakhstanPortugaltheCzechRepublicJapanandMaltA.Ithinkweunderestimatetheimpactofsleep.Ourdatashowthatacrosscountriesinternationallyonaveragechildrenwhohavemoresleepachievehigerinmathsscienceandreading.ThatisexactlywhatourdatashowsaysChadMinnichoftheTIMSSandPIRLSInternationalStudyCenter.It’sthesamelinkforchildrenwhoarelackingbasicnutritionsaysMrMinnichbasedattheLynchSchoolofEducationBostonCollegE.IfyouareunabletoconcentratetoattendmentallyyouareunabletoachieveatyourbestlevelbecauseyourmindandbodyareinneedofsomethingmorebasiC.Sleepisafundamentalneedforallchildren.Ifteachersreportsuchlargeproportionsofchildrensufferingfromlackofsleepit’shavingasignificantimpact.Butworsethanthatteachersarehavingtoadjusttheirinstructionbasedonthosechildrenwhoaresufferingfromalackofsleep.Thechildrenwhoaresufferingfromalackofsleeparedrivingdowninstruction.Thatmeansthateventhechildrenwhoaregettingenoughsleeparestillsufferingfromthissleep-relatedlowering.24.WhatdidtheresearchofBostonCollegetrytofindA.Whychildrendon’tgetenoughsleepB.HowmanyhoursbetweensleepandtestresultC.TherelationshipbetweensleepandtestresultsD.Therelationshipbetweensleepandhealth25.Manychildrensufferfromsleepdeprivationbecause_________.A.theysitinfrontoftheTVfortoolongB.theycanhardlysleepsoundlyanddeeplyC.theirhomeworkoccupiestoomuchoftheirtimeD.moderntechnologicaldevicesconsumealotoftheirtime26.Whichofthefollowingcountrieshasthemostsleep-deprivedstudents?A.JapanB.MaltaC.FinlandD.Portugal27.Whyarechildrenwhogetenoughsleepalsovictims?A.Becausetheyaredisturbedbysleep-deprivedstudentsB.Becauseteachingisdrivendownbysleep-deprivedstudentsC.Becausetheyhavetospendtimehelpingsleep-deprivedstudentsD.Becausetheteacherswastetimediscipliningsleep-deprivedstudents

A.newresearchshowsthatinBritainmoreandmorepeoplearereturningtotheoldtraditionthatthewholefamilyhasamealattablE.Worryingabouttheobesity肥胖症andbreakdownofafamilypeoplechangetheireatinghabitssogreatlyaccordingtoanalysis.Theyfindthenumberofthefamilyhavingamealtogetherincreasesby5%from2002to2004andmostpeoplewhohavemealswiththeirfamilycomefromtherichsocialclass.ThenewdiscoverymakesdoctorsandthepeoplestrugglingagainstobesityextremelyexciteD.Givingupthetraditionthatthewholefamilyhaveamealtogetherisexactlyoneofthereasonsforaseriesofproblemsincludingchildren’soverweight.IfachildhasamealinfrontofthetelevisionorthecomputeralonehewillofteneatsomefastfooD.JasonCollinsisoneofthepersonsreturningtotheoldtradition.CollinsisamanagerofabakehousE.Hefindsafterhegetsusedtohavingamealathomewithhischildthechildbecomesmuchmoreobedient听话的.Dr.Jinisachildpsychologistandsheexpresseswelcometothisresultofthestudy.Shesaysitcanmakeparentshaveaverygoodchancetochatwiththechildwhenthewholefamilyhaveamealtogether.63.WhatmakespeoplechangetheireatinghabitbacktotheoldtraditioninBritain?A.WorryingabouttheirchildrenB.WorryingaboutsomesocialproblemsC.WorryingaboutthelivingexpenseD.Worryingabouthealthandfamilyproblems64.Howdothepeoplewhohopetoloseweightfeelaboutthenewdiscovery?A.TheyfeelgladB.TheyfeelsurprisedC.TheyfeelsorryD.Theyfeeldisappointed65.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Thechildhavingdinnerwithhisparentsdoesn’tlikewatchingTVB.ChildrenbecomeoverweightallbecauseofhavingdinneraloneC.ThefamilyhavingdinnertogetherismoreunitedandfriendlyD.Thereasonachildhasdinneraloneisthathelikesfastfood

Forhundredsofmillionsofyearsturtles海龟havestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheireggsonsandybeacheslongbeforetherewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethemorGPSsatellitesandmarinebiologiststotrackthemorvolunteerstohand-carrythehatchlings幼龟downtothewater’sedgelestforfearthattheybecomedisorientedbyheadlightsandcrawltowardsamotelparkinglotinsteaD.A.formidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.Withallthatattentionpaidtothemyou’dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenottogoextinctdieout.ButNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairnessandareportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtlesnotablyloggerheadswhichcangrowtoasmuchas400pounds.TheSouthFloridanestingpopulationthelargesthasdeclinedby50%inthelastdecadeaccordingtoElizabethGriffinamarinebiologistwiththeenvironmentalgroupOceanA.ThefigurespromptedOceanatopetitionthegovernmenttoupgradethelevelofprotectionfortheNorthAtlanticloggerheadsfromthreatenedtoendangered—meaningtheyareindangerofdisappearingwithoutadditionalhelp.Whichraisestheobviousquestion:whatelsedotheseturtleswantfromusanyway?ItturnsoutaccordingtoGriffinthatwhilewehavedoneagoodjobofprotectingtheturtlesfortheweekstheyspendonlandasegg-layingfemalesaseggsandashatchlingswehaveneglectedtheyearsspendintheocean.ThethreatisfromcommercialfishingsaysGriffin.Trawlerswhichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloorandlonglinefisherswhichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformilestakeaheavytollonturtles.Ofcourselikeeveryotherenvironmentalissuetodaythisisplayingoutagainstthebackgroundofglobalwarmingandhumaninterferencewithnaturalecosystems.Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythethreatofrisingsealevelsastheoceanswarm.Ultimatelywemustgetahandleonthoseissuesaswelloracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurs恐龙willmeetitsendatthehandsofhumansleavingourdescendantstowonderhowcreaturesouglycouldhavewonsomuchaffection.27.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.A.humanactivitieshavechangedthewayturtlessurviveB.effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingoutC.governmentbureaucracyhascontributedtoturtles’extinctionD.marinebiologistsarelookingforthesecretofturtles’reproduction28.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairnessLine1ParA.2?A.Natureisquitefairregardingthesurvivalofturtles.B.Turtlesarebynatureindifferenttohumanactivities.C.ThecourseofnaturewillnotbechangedbyhumaninterferencE.D.Theturtlepopulationhasdecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.29.WhatconstitutesamajorthreattothesurvivalofturtlesaccordingtoElizabethGriffin?A.Theirinadequatefoodsupply.B.Unregulatedcommercialfishing.C.Theirlowerreproductivelyability.D.Contaminationpollutionofseawater30.Howdoesglobalwarmingaffectthesurvivalofturtles?A.Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.B.Thechangingclimatemakesitdifficultfortheireggstohatch.C.Therisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrow.D.IttakesthemlongertoadapttothehighbeachtemperaturE.

Areyouthepeace-lovingtypeortheambitiousgo-getter?YourfingerlengthmightbeacluE.Takealookatyourfingers.WouldyoubelievemeifItoldyouthatthelengthofyourfingersinrelationtooneanothercanpredictyourpersonality?IknowthatitsoundslikeoneofthosesillytestsyouseeonFacebookbutIhavetoadmitthatitisexactlycorrectformE.Here’showitworks.LookatyourthreemiddlefingersofyourhanD.Isyourindexfinger食指longerthanyourringfinger无名指?Isyourringfingerlongerthanyourindexfinger?Orarethetwoofthesamelength?Findthesituationthatbestmatchesyourhandandseeifwhatfollowsisanaccuratedescriptionofyourpersonality.Longerringfinger:TheSweetTalkerIfyourringfingerislongerthanyourindexfingerresearchshowsthatyou’relikelyacharmingtypeandyoucanprobablytalkyourselfoutofanysituation.Othersoftenfindthispersonalitytypeirresistibleandwillgotogreatlengthstohelpyou.You’remorelikelytotakerisksandyou’regoodatproblem-solving.Peopleinthiscategorymakegreatengineerssoldiersandcrossword-puzzlesolvers.Longerindexfinger:TheOverConfidentOneIfyourindexfingerislongerthanyourringfingerchancesareyouarefullofconfidence—possiblyeventothepointofbeingover-confidentandprouD.Youarenotnecessarilyintroverted内向的butyoudoenjoytimetoyourselfespeciallywhenyou’retryingtocompleteaproject.Youareadreampursuerwhocanmakethingshappenbutyoumaybeshywhenitcomestotakingthefirststepinarelationship.Youarealsoprobablyhappywithwhatyouhavebutyou’realwayswishingformorE.Indexandringfingerareofthesamelength:ThePeacemakerIfyourindexfingerandringfingerareroughlyofthesamelengthyouarelikelytoavoidconflictatallcostsandseektokeepthepeaceinyourrelationships.Youarewell-organizedfaithfulandsympathetiC.Butdeepdownunderallofthatcaringandpeace-lovingyoualsohaveahot-temperedsidethatcanappearunexpectedlywhenyou’repushedtoofar.Youwilltryyourhardesttoavoidafight.Howwelldothesedescriptionsmatchyourpersonality?IwassurprisedattheaccuracyinmycasebutI’mnotgoingtotellyouwhichoneitwas!32.Whichofthefollowinghandcouldbeanengineer’shand?A.B.C.D.33.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethattheauthor______.A.isverycharmingandhelpfulB.alwaystrieshardtoavoidafightC.oftentakessillytestsonFacebookD.thinksthedescriptionssuithimwell34.Whatdoesthepassageintendtotellus?A.Howaccuratethedescriptionofthetestis.B.Thelengthoffingerscanrevealpersonality.C.Whyyourfingersarenotofthesamelength.D.Personalityisdeterminedbyyourfingerlength.35.Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?A.A.popularmagazinE.B.Anofficialreport.C.Apublicadvertisement.D.Abiologytextbook.

SometimessomethingthatisconsideredtobenegativeturnsouttobeanadvantageonthejoB.Thoughheisonly18yearsoldandblindSuleymanGokyigitisamongthetopcomputertechniciansandprogrammersatInteliDataTechnologiesCorpalargesoftwarecompanywithseveralofficesacrosstheUnitedStates.AfterourcompanyunitedwithanotheronelastOctobertwodifferentcomputernetworksweredrivinguscrazyrecallsDouglasBrauntheInteliDatapresident.Wecouldn’tevensende-mailtoeachother.InthreeweeksMr.Gokyigitcreatedthesoftwareneededtoconnectthetwonetworks.Noneofthecompany’s350otheremployeescouldhavedonethejobinthreemonthssaysMr.Braun.Sulymancan‘see’intotheheartofthecomputer.Mr.Bokyigit’sgiftasMr.BrauncallsitisanunusualabilitytoformanideaoftheinsideofamachinE.ThecomputerpermitsmetoreachoutintotheworldanddoalmostanythingIwanttodosaysMr.Gokyigit.Theyoungprogrammerisathomewithhardwareaswellthankspartlytoahighlydevelopedsenseoftouch.MitziNowakowskianofficemanageratInteliDataremembershowheeasilydisconnectedandreconnectedtheircomputersystemsduringamovelastyear.ThroughfeelSuleymancanfindthepositionofconnectorspinsandwiresmuchfasterthanmostotherpeoplewithsighthesays.Muchofthestudentprogrammer’sspeedcomesfromhisabilitynottobeinterruptedwhileatthecomputer.Whentypinghelistenscarefullytothesynthesizer合成器.HislongthinfingersflyoverthekeyboarD.NothingseemstoshakehisattentionsaysMrs.Nowakowskihisboss.Mr.Gokyigitistheonlycompanyemployeewhoisavailable24hoursaday.Weconsiderhimourtopproblemsolver.saysMr.Braun.32.AccordingtoMr.BraunSuleyman___________.A.canworkwondersoncomputerB.isthebesttechnicianintheworldC.hasdoneahardjobinthreemonthsD.hasunitedInterliDataTechnologiesCorp.withanothercomputercompany33.Theunderlinedpartisathomewithhardwareparagraph4means____________.A.isgoodatdealingwithcomputerhardwareB.isfondofcomputerhardwareC.workswithcomputerhardwareathomeD.feelscomfortablewhenworkingwithcomputerhardware34.Sulyemanwasquickwhileatthecomputermostlybecauseof__________.A.hisblindnessB.hisattentiononthesynthesizerC.hislongthinfingersD.hisabilitynottobeinterrupted35.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A.ComputertechniciansaremorelikelytobegifteD.B.One’sdisadvantagesmayprovetobeadvantages.C.Thedisabledcanalsoplayanimportantroleinsociety.D.Topcomputerscientistshaveunusualabilitiestoformideasofcomputers.

Developedanddevelopingnationscanlearnfromeachotherseekingalow-carboneconomy.IntermsofenergysavingandgreeneconomyChinadoesn'tlagbehinddevelopednationssaidZhouChangyidirectoroftheenergysavingdepartmentoftheMinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnology.WhilewecanlearnmanyaspectsfromdevelopednationstheyalsoshouldlearnsomethingfromussuchaswaterconservationZhousaidinaspeechduringthenewPathofChina'sIndustrializationforumattheongoingChinaInternationalIndustryFair.HesaidindustrializednationsandChinaaredealingwithdifferentissuestofightclimatechangE.TheUnitedKingdomforexampleisconcernedabouttransportbuildingsandnewenergyinreducingcarbonemissions.ForChinathemosturgenttaskishowtorealizenewtypeofindustrializationandavoidmistakesthatothercountriesmadewhentheyindustrializeD.SwisspowerandautomationtechnologygroupABBcalledforastrongerfocusonproductlife-cycleassessmentorLCAwhichisusedtostudytheenvironmentalimpactofaproductfromtheresearchandmanufacturingstagethroughitsusageandrecycling.TobiasBeckerheadofABB'sprocessautomationdivisionforNorthAsiaandChinasaidLCAisaneffectivetoolinhelpingmanufacturingindustriestoreducecarbonemissions.LCAshowsthatindustrialcustomersshouldfocusonaproduct'senvironmentalimpactthroughoutitslife-cycleinsteadofonitsinitialinvestment.RichardHausmannNorthEastAsiaCEOofSiemenssaidThecoloroffutureindustrializationisgreen.TheGermanycompanyrecentlyannouncesthatitwantstoreceiveordersworthmorethan6billionEurosUS8.8billionforintelligentpowernetworksSmartGridoverthenextfiveyears.Siemenshasseta20percentmarketsharetargetfortheglobalsmartgridbusiness.Asmartgriddeliverselectricityfromsupplierstoconsumersusingdigitaltechnologyadvancedsensorsspecializedcomputersthatsaveenergyreducecostsandincreasereliability.TheUnitedStatesandChinaareconsideredthetwobiggestmarketsforsmartgriD.12.WhichofthefollowingcanbestreplacethephraselagbehindinParagraph1A.actbetterthanB.performworsethanC.runfasterthanD.keepquieterthan13.WhatdoweknowaboutLCAfromthetext?A.LCAisusedtostudytheimpactonaproduct.B.LCAisoneoftheexhibitionsatthisyear'sfair.C.LCAcanhelpmanufacturingindustriesdecreasecarbonreleasealot.D.LCAadvisesindustrialcustomerstofocusontheinitialinvestment.14.____aboutSmartGridisn'tmentionedinthetext.A.SmallinsizeB.Low-costC.Energy-savingD.Security15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.IntelligentPowerNetworksB.Low-carbonEconomy-aSharedGoalC.TwoBiggestMarketsforSmartGridD.DevelopedandDevelopingNationsCanLearnfromEachOther