About one million years ago,the Ice Age began.The Ice Age was a long period of time in which four great glaciers(冰川) pushed southward to cover almost all the upper half of North America,and then melted away.Each glacier was a thick sheet of ice and snow that spread out from a center near what is now Hudson Bay in CanadA.The winters were long,and the cool summers were too short to melt much of the ice and snow.The evergrowing sheet built up to a thickness of two miles at its center. As all glaciers do,these great glaciers slid(滑动). They pushed down giant trees in their paths and scraped(刮削)the earth bare(光秃秃)of soil.Many animals moved farther south to escapE.Others stayed and were destroyeD. When winters of little snow came,the summer suns into the edges to the ice sheets.As the glaciers melted,rocks,soil and other things that had mixed with the ice and snow were left.New hills,lakes and rivers were formeD. The last of the great glaciers began its melting about 11 000 years ago.Itsmelting formed the Great Lakes.These lakes are today little changed from their early sizes the glaciers.This is the Mississippi Missouri Ohio system.These rivers were miles wide at first.Through the years they settle into their present channels. The main idea of this passage is ________ . A.the Ice Age was a long period of time B.great glaciers covered North America many years ago C.changes in climate helped to melt the glaciers D.how glaciers changed North America 2.The author states that all glaciers ________. A.are two miles thick B.form frozen lakes C.are a million years old D.move and slide 3.From the information in this passage we know that ________. A.glaciers are destructive B.all glaciers in the world move southward C.the Mississippi Missouri Ohio systems is larger than it was before the Ice Age D.the Great Lakes are now smaller than they were before the Ice Age 4.The Ice Age lasted almost ____. A.1 000 years B.100 years C.1 000 000 years D.11 000 years 5.In the last sentence,the word “their” refers to ________ . A.lakes B.rivers C.glaciers D.systems

ComputersareveryimportanttomodernlifE.ManypeoplethinkthatinthefuturecomputerswillbeusedinlotsofeverydaylifE.Itisthoughtthatwewon’thavetogoshoppingbecausewewillbeabletogetmostthingswhicharesoldinshopsontheInternet.Therewillbenomorebooksbecausewewillbeabletogetalltextsfromcomputers.TheInternetwillbeusedtoplaygamesseefilmsandbuyfooD.Mosttelephonecallswillbemadebycomputerstoo.Somepeoplearegladaboutthosenewwaysofshoppingandcommunicating交流.Othersdonotthinkthatcomputerswillreplace代替ouroldways.Somepeoplethinkthatonedaywewillnotreadbooksmadeofpaper.InsteadwewillbuyandreadbooksusingcomputerswhichwillkeepmanydifferentbooksinthematthesametimE.Wewon’tneedtoturnlotsofpagesandpaperwillbesaveD.Computerized计算机化的bookswillbeusedmoreandmorE.Whilemanypeoplesayitisapleasuretogointoshopsandlookatthingsyouwanttobuy.Itisalsounlikelythatmanypeoplewillwanttoreadlargetextsonourcomputers.Becausepaperbookswillperhapsbemorefriendly.Maybecomputerswon’tchangethesetwohabits.Whichisthemainideaofthispassage?A.PeoplelikegoingshoppingB.ReadingbooksisimportantC.ComputersareimportantD.ComputercanbeusedtoplaygamesTherewillbenomorebooksbecause________.A.ThereisnopaperinthefuturE.B.Peopledon’tlikereadingbooks.C.TheyareveryexpensivE.D.Wecanreadpassagesfromcomputers.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Wecanseefilmsbycomputers.B.Peopleallliketogoshoppingbycomputers.C.Wecan’tbuyanythingusingcomputers.D.Allthepeoplelikereadingbooksfromcomputers.Whichofthefollowingismentioned提到inthepassage?A.Computerscanhelpuse-mailourfriends.B.Wecanchatbyusingcomputers.C.Computerscanhelpusmaketelephonecalls.D.Wecanlistentothemusicbycomputers.

ShishmarefanEskimovillageonanislandoffnorthwesternAlaskaisfallingintotheocean.Giantstormwaveshavesohittheplace—oncewellbufferedbyseaice—thatvillagersvotedin2002toleavetheirancestralhomeforthemainlanD.Theyarebeingcalledoneofthefirstrefugees难民ofglobalwarming.k+s-5#uWetendtodescribeclimatechangeintermsthatareabstract—aonedegreeriseintemperatureanincreaseingreenhousegases—butwhenwaveswashawayavillagethat’sconcreteandveryemotionalsaysIgorKrupnikanexpertattheNationalMuseumofNaturalHistory.Whentheyloseapieceoftheirlandtheyaren’tjustlosingacertainnumberofsquaremiles.Theyarelosingpartoftheirhistoryandtheirmemory.Theyarelosingchildhoodeventsandgrandparents’tales.BeforetemperaturesbegantoriseinShishmarefabout30yearsago20to30milesofhardseaiceprotectedthevillagefrompowerfulfallstorms.Butthenativessaytheicedoesn’tfreezeassolidlyorassoonasitusedtoandnowstretchesonlysixorsevenmilesleavingthecommunityof600peoplemoreexposeD.Stormshaveswepthousesintotheocean.Thevillagers’planistomovetoTinCreekasiteontheAlaskamainland12milesawayandtheyhavereceived$180millionfromthegovernment.Residentshopethatintheirnewcommunitythey’llbeabletomaintaintheirclosetiescontinuehuntinganimalsandkeepfishingmuchastheirancestorshavedoneforcenturies.Peopleareaskingwhythegovernmentshouldbespendingsomuchmoneyonsofewpeoplesaidagovernmentofficial.ButpeopleinAlaskaarelikeeveryoneelsE.WewanttohelpkeeptheirculturealivE.Theunderlinedwordbufferedprobablymeans______.k+s-5#uA.protectedB.destroyedC.preventedD.damagedFromthepassagewhatdoweknowabouttheseaicearoundthevillageinthepast?A.Itwasverythinandeasilybroken.B.Itwasverythickandsmooth.C.Itfrozenmoresolidlyandsooner.D.Itfrozenmoreslowlyandsolidly.Accordingtothepassage_____causedthevillagetobeindangerofdisappearing.A.waterpollutionB.globalwarmingC.airpollutionD.human’sactionsWhat’sthevillagers’mainpurposetorebuildthecommunity?A.TolivemorehappilyB.ToearnmoneyC.ToavoidbeingwashedawayD.Tokeeptheirculturealive

31stOctober——A.teamofBritishexplorershasannouncedtheyaregoingtotheNorthPoletomeasuretheicecap’sthickness.Theexplorationwilltakeground-basedreadings仪表的读数ofaniceformationwhichmostscientistsagreeisshrinkingatanalarmingratE.ExplorerPenHadow’sthree-memberteamwillpullasled-fixedradardevicewhichmeasuresicedensityeveryeightcentimeters2000kilometersacrosstheArcticandwillproducemillionsofreadings.TheywillleaveinFebruary2008andwillfacetemperaturesof-50℃onajourneythatwilltakeupto120days.TheyhavebeentestingtheirequipmentinBritainandCanadA.Hadowisexcitedabouttheprospects前景Forthefirsttimewewillbeabletotransmitvideoimages—webcamfilmoftheexpedition—asitunfoldssopeoplecantrackusandthewholeideaistoengageasmanypeopleaswecaninwhatwe’redoing.Newfallensnowontopoftheicemakesground-basedmeasurementsmoreaccuratethansatellitedatA.IthasbeenintheplanningstageforawhilesaidHadow.Wespentthelasttwoyearsdevelopingimpulseradar冲击雷达whichnormallyisabout100kilogramsandhangsunderanaircraftandsoon.We’vemanagedtogetitdowntoabout4kilograms.It’sthesizeofabriefcaseandwearedraggingitbehindthesledaswego.Theicecapshrankenoughin2007sothatapathwaythroughthecapknownastheNorthwestPassageopenedupduringthemeltingoftheArcticsummer.CambridgeUniversity’sJoaoRodriguesexplainsThicknessoftheicecapwilldeterminehowmuchsolarradiationwillbereflectedandtheheatexchangebetweentheoceanandtheatmosphereanditisthusavitalcomponent成分ofclimatemodels.IfwarmingtrendscontinuesomeexpertspredictthattheArcticOceancouldbeice-freeduringthesummerwithinafewdecades.１Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ExplorationtotheNorthPolE.B.Arcticicecapshrinking.C.ArcticicesurveyannounceD.D.Ground-basedmeasurementsoficE.２.Whatisspecialabouttheexploration?A.ItwillbebroadcastliveontheInternet.B.Explorerswilluseasled-fixedradardevicE.C.Explorerswilltravelinextremelycoldconditions.D.Ground-basedmeasurementsaremoreaccuratE.３.Whatisthepurposeoftheexploration?A.Tomeasuretheicecap’sthickness.B.TostudywhethericewilldisappearintheArctiC.C.TomakeafilmabouttheArcticexploration.D.Tomakepeopleinterestedinwhattheyaredoing.４.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.iceintheArcticwilldisappearintenyearsB.theexplorationwilllastforhalfayearC.Hadowspenttwoyearsdevelopingakindofradarwhichisabout100kilogramsD.ifthereissnowonicesatellitescan’tmeasuretheicethicknessaccuratelyenough５.Fromthepassagewelearnthat________.A.theexplorerswillmeasureicedensityeveryothercentimeterB.peoplewillbeabletofollowtheexplorersandseewhattheyaredoingC.peoplecouldgothroughtheNorthwestPassageinthe2007ArcticsummerD.theequipmentthatHadow’steamusewillbetestedintheUnitedStates

TheGalapagosafar-awayarchipelago群岛andlargelyuntouchedbymanisnowfacingaproblem.ItslocalpeoplewholiveontheislandofSantaCruzwanttodevelopthebusinessandtouristpotential旅游资源oftheislanD.RecentlytheyarelockedinabitterstrugglewiththenaturalistswhoworkattheCharlesDarwinCentrealsoonSantaCruz.Thenaturalistswanttoprotecttheisland’swildlifewhichisalreadysufferingasaresultofhumanactivity.Theanimals’greatthreatusedtobesailorswhohundredsofyearsagorobbedtheislandsforfooD.Theywipedoutabout250000GiantTortoises.ForexampleonPintaoneofthesmallestislandstherearenoGiantTortoisesleftatall.Thelastsurvivoran80-year-oldGiantTortoisecalledLonesomeGeorgelivesundertheprotectionofnaturalistsattheDarwinCentrE.Todaytheisland’sanimalsarenolongerhuntedforfooD.Butotherdangershavereplacedthethreatfromsailors.GoatsforexampleintroducedovertheyearsbymanhavegonewilD.Withnonaturalenemiestheirnumberhasreached10000onthelargestoftheGalapagosislandsIsabellA.TheyareeatinghugequantitiesofplantsandrobbedtheremainingGiantTortoisesoffooD.TheproblemisnowsobadthattheNationalParkServicehashiredhunterstokillthegoatsinordertosavetheGiantTortoisefromdyingout.TodayyoucanfindtheGiantTortoisesontheislandof_______.A.SantaCruzB.PintaC.IsabellaD.GalapagosWhichofthefollowingshowstherightrelationshipbetweentheGalapagosIsabellaPintaandSantaCruz?A.TheGalapagos>Pinta>Isabella>SantaCruzB.Isabella>SantaCruz>theGalapagos>PintaC.TheGalapagos>Isabella>SantaCruz>PintaD.Isabella>theGalapagos>Pinta>SantaCruzWecanlearnfromthearticlethegreatestdangertotheGiantTortoisesisfrom________.A.sailorsB.huntersC.goatsD.thelocalpeopleFromthefirstparagraphwecaninferthat_____.A.thenaturaliststrytohelpthelocalpeoplewiththeirinterest.B.ThelocalpeoplepaymoreattentiontotheeconomicgrowththanthewildlifethereC.Theanimalsandplantsareofgreatimportancetothelocal.D.Thenaturalistsdon’tcareaboutthelocalpeopleatall

第二节简答题共3小题每小题1.5分满分4.5分Tsunamis海啸areaseriesofhugewavescreatedbyanundergroundmovementsuchasanearthquakeoravolcaniceruption火山喷发.A.tsunamicantravelhundredsofmilesperhourintheopenoceanandhitthelandwithhugewaves.Fromtheareawherethetsunamiscomewavestravelinalldirections.Oncethewavesapproachthecoasttheywillbecomemorethan100feetinheight.Thetopography地形ofthecoastlineandtheoceanfloorwillinfluencethesizeofthewavE.TheremaybemorethanonewaveandthelatteronemaybelargerthantheonebeforE.Thatiswhyasmalltsunamiatonebeachcanbeahugewaveafewmilesaway.AlltsunamisaredangerouseveniftheymaynotdamageeverycoastlinetheystrikE.A.tsunamicanstrikeanywherealongmostoftheUScoastlinE.ManyharmfultsunamishaveoccurredalongthecoastsofCaliforniaOregonWashingtonAlaskaandHawaii.A.movementoftheoceanfloorcausedbyearthquakesmostoftencausestsunamis.Ifatsunamioccursclosetoacoastthefirstwavecouldreachthebeachinafewminutesevenbeforeawarningisgiven.Areasareatgreaterriskiftheyarelessthan25feetabovesealevelandwithinamileofthecoastlinE.Drowningisthemostcommoncauseofdeathduringatsunami.Tsunamiwavesareveryharmfultobuildings.Otherdangersincludefloodspollutionofdrinkingwaterandfiresfromgaslines.Anaccurateprediction预报systemwillallowauthorities官方toissuetimelywarningsandsavelivesintheeventofashore-boundtsunami.ButforecastingtsunamisaccuratelyisverydifficultbecausetheoceanisusuallycalmbeforetheystrikelanD.65.Whatcancausetsunamisaccordingtothepassage?回答词数不超过6个______________________________________________________________________________66.Whatharmcanatsunamibringbesideskillingpeopleanddamagingbuildings?回答词数不超过15个______________________________________________________________________________67.Whyisitverydifficulttoforecasttsunamiaccurately?回答词数不超过9个______________________________________________________________________________

HowRoomDesignsAffectOurWorkandFeelingsArchitectshavelonghadthefeelingthattheplacesweliveincanaffectourthoughtsfeelingsandbehaviors.Butnowscientistsaregivingthisfeelinganempirical经验的实证的basis.Theyarediscoveringhowtodesignspacesthatpromotecreativitykeeppeoplefocusedandleadtorelaxation.Researchesshowthataspectsofthephysicalenvironmentcaninfluencecreativity.In2007JoanMeyers-LevyattheUniversityofMinnesotareportedthattheheightofaroom'sceilingaffectshowpeoplethink.Herresearchindicatesthathigherceilingsencouragepeopletothinkmorefreelywhichmayleadthemtomakemoreabstractconnections.Lowceilingsontheotherhandmayinspireamoredetailedoutlook.Inadditionstoceilingheighttheviewaffordedbyabuildingmayinfluenceanoccupant'sabilitytoconcentratE.NancyWellsandhercolleaguesatCornellUniversityfoundintheirstudythatkidswhoexperiencedthegreatestincreaseingreennessasaresultofafamilymovemadethemostgainsonastandardtestofattention.UsingnaturetoimprovefocusofattentionoughttopayoffacademicallyanditseemstoaccordingtoastudyledbyC.KennethTannerheadoftheSchoolDesign&PlanningLaboratoryattheUniversityofGeorgiA.Tannerandhisteamfoundthatstudentsinclassroomswithunblockedviewsofatleast50feetoutsidethewindowhadhigherscoresontestsofvocabularylanguageartsandmathsthandidstudentswhoseclassroomsprimarilyoverlookedroadsandparkinglots.Recentstudyonroomlightingdesignsuggeststhandim暗淡的lighthelpspeopletoloosenup.Ifthatistruegenerallykeepingthelightlowduringdinneroratpartiescouldincreaserelaxation.ResearchersofHarvardMedicalSchoolalsodiscoveredthatfurniturewithroundededgescouldhelpvisitorsrelax.Sofarscientistshavefocusedmainlyonpublicbuildings.Wehaveaverylimitednumberofstudiessowe'realmostlookingattheproblemthroughastraw吸管architectDavidAllisonsays.Howdoyoutakeanswerstoveryspecificquestionsandmakebroadgeneralizeduseofthem?That'swhatwe'reallstrugglingwith.WhatdoesJoanMeyers-Levyfocusoninherresearch?A.Light.B.Ceilings.C.Windows.D.FurniturE.Thepassagetellsusthat______.A.theshapeoffurnituremayaffectpeople'sfeelingsB.lowerceilingsmayhelpimprovestudents'creativityC.childreninadimclassroommayimprovetheirgradesD.studentsinroomswithunblockedviewsmayfeelrelaxedTheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphprobablymeansthat______.A.theproblemisnotapproachedstepbystepB.theresearchessofarhavefaultsinthemselvesC.theproblemistoodifficultforresearcherstodetectD.researchinthisareaisnotenoughtomakegeneralizedpatternsWhichofthefollowingshowstheorganizationofthepassage?CP:CentralPointP:PointSP:Sub-point次要点C:Conclusion

A.sunflowerisasunflower.A.mobilephoneisamobilephonE.Butcanyoucombinethetwotodosomethingforyourlocalenvironment?AsearlyasnextyearitmaywellbepossiblE.Whenyouhavefinishedwithyourmobilephoneyouwillbeabletoburyitinthegardenoraplantpotandwaitforittoflower.A.biodegradable生物可降解的mobilephonewasthismonthintroducedbyscientists.ItishopedthatthenewtypeofphonewillencourageconsumerstorecyclE.Scientistshavecomeupwithanewmaterialoverthelastfiveyears.Itlookslikeanyotherplasticbutovertimeitcanbreakdownintothesoilwithoutgivingoutanypoisonouschemicals.BritishresearchersusedthenewmaterialtodevelopaphonecoverthatcontainsasunflowerseeD.Whenthiscoverturnsintowasteitformsnitrates硝酸盐.Thesefeedtheseedandhelptheflowergrow.We’veonlyputsunflowerseedsintothecoversofar.Butweareworkingwithplantexpertstofindoutwhichflowerswouldperformbest.MaybewecouldputrosesinnexttimE.saidonescientist.Asphonetechnologyisdevelopingsoquicklypeopleareconstantlythrowingtheirmobilesaway.Thismeansproducersareunderpressuretofindwaysofrecyclingthem.Some650millionmobilephoneshavebeensoldthisyear.Mostofthemwillbethrownawaywithintwoyearsaddingplasticheavymetalandchemicalwastetotheenvironment.A.biodegradablecovercanoffersomerelieffornatureaccordingtothescientists.Theseedisreleasedandtheflowergrowsinthepotsoyoudon’thavetoconcernyourselfwiththephonewhenyouhavefinishedusingitsaidKerryKirwantheleaderoftheresearchteam.Afteryouhavefinishedusingthenewtypeofmobilephone_______.A.thesunflowerseedwillcomeoutandflowerinthepotB.thephonecoverwillbreakdownverysooninthesoilC.itwillberecycledbytheproducersD.itcanchargeitselfwithelectricityinagreenwayThistypeofresearchisdonebecause________.A.thetechnologyofmakingphonesischangingrapidlyB.toomanywastemobilephonesmayleadtoenvironmentalproblemsC.nobodyhaseverthoughtofrecyclingmobilephonesD.producingmobilephonesusesalotofenergyWecaninferfromthestory________.A.thenewtypeofmobilephonesarealreadyonthemarketB.thenewtypeofmobilephoneswillsellextremelywellC.thematerialofthenewtypeofphonesisharmfulD.otherflowersmaybeusedinthenewtypeofmobilephonesThebesttitleofthispassageis.A.RecyclingourphonesB.ThephonesthatflowerC.A.newmaterialformakingphonesD.Theharmofthrown-awayphones

第三部分阅读理解共15小题每小题2分满分30分阅读下列短文从每题所给的四个选项A.B.C和D中选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑A.PeoplewithlesseducationsufferfewerstressfuldaysaccordingtoareportinthecurrentissueoftheJournalofHealthandSocialBehavior.Howeverthestudyalsofoundthatwhenless-educatedpeopledidsufferstressitwasmoresevereandhadastrongereffectontheirhealth.Fromthisresearchershaveconcludedthattheday-to-dayfactorsthatcausestressareregular.Whereyouareinsocietydeterminesthekindsofproblemsthatyouhaveeachdayandhowwellyouwillcopewiththem.Theresearchteaminterviewedanationalsampleof1031adultsdailyforeightdaysabouttheirstresslevelandhealth.Peoplewithoutahighschooldiplomareportedstresson30percentofthestudydayspeoplewithahighschooldegreereportedstress38percentofthetimeandpeoplewithcollegedegreesreportedstress44percentofthetimE.Lessadvantagedpeoplearelesshealthyonadailybasisandaremorelikelytohavedownwardturnsintheirhealth.leadingresearcherDr.JosephGrzywaczofWakeForestUniversityBaptistMedicalCentersaidinapreparedstatement.Thedownwardturnsinhealthwereconnectedwithdailystressors紧张刺激物andtheeffectofdailystressorsontheirhealthismuchmoredamagingforthelessadvantageD.Ifsomethinghappenseverydaymaybeit’snotseenasastressor.Grzywaczsays.MaybeitisjustlifE.56.Stressleveliscloselyrelatedto.A.familysizeB.socialpositionC.bodyweightD.workexperience57.Whichgroupreportedthebiggestnumberofstressfuldays?A.Peoplewithoutanyeducation.B.Peoplewithouthighschooldegrees.C.Peoplewithhighschooldegrees.D.Peoplewithcollegedegrees.58.Thelessadvantagedpeoplearethegreater.A.theeffectofstressontheirhealthisB.theeffectofeducationontheirhealthisC.theleveloftheireducationisD.thedegreeoftheirhealthconcernis59.Less-educatedpeoplereportfewerdaysofstresspossiblybecause.A.theydon’twanttotelltruthB.theydon’twanttofacethetruthC.stressistoocommonafactorintheirlifeD.heirstressismuchgreater

Researchesshowwhatwealreadysuspected:ThreeoutoffourbabieswhodiedofSIDS婴儿猝死involvedco-sleeping.We’llsayitagain.Thesafestcourseisnottosleepwithbabies.Weknowtheargument:Badparentingnotco-sleepingistoblameforthedozensofbabies’deaths.Someparentssticktoco-sleepingbecauseithelpsthembondwiththeirnewborns.Theysaythosewhogiveco-sleepingabadnameeitherhadbeendrinkinguseddrugsorweretootiredtonoticethattheyrolledoverontheirchildren.Butmostofthecasesdidnotinvolvedrugsoralcohol.There’sabutherehowever.Submittingtoatestfordrugsoralcoholinthesecasesisvoluntarysoit’sdifficulttoknowwithcertainty.OrganizationsliketheBlackHealthCoalitionandothershaveexplainedthesafewaytoco-sleep.Whileweunderstandthoseargumentswealsoknowthatmistakescanhappenandthatitonlytakesonetimeforsomethingtogoterriblywrong.Theriskoutweighsthebenefit.Inalllikelihoodparentswillcontinuetoco-sleepandsomewilldosowithouteverhavinganincidentbutbabiesaretoovulnerable易受伤的forparentstotakesuchchances.Thereforethebestplaceforbabiestosleepisintheirownbedsontheirbackswithnopillowsblanketsortoys.Noparentwantsatragedy悲剧tooccur.Thebestwaytomakesurethetragedydoesn’thappenistoallowbabiestosleepaloneintheirowncribs摇篮.AccordingtotheauthormostoftheSIDScaseshappenedbecauseof________.A.drugsB.co-sleepingC.drinkingD.badparentingSomeparentsthinksleepingwiththeirbabiescan________.A.keepthebabieshealthyB.giveco-sleepingagoodnameC.preventthemselvesfromdrinkingD.developagoodrelationwiththeirbabiesTheauthorholdstheopinionthat________.A.parentscansleepwithbabiesbutcautiouslyB.co-sleephelpstobringbabiesclosertoparentsC.parentscan’ttakechancestosleepwiththeirbabiesD.accidentsonlyhappentothosecarelessparentsWhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthestructureofthetext?A.①B.①②C.①D.①↙↘↓↙↓↘↙↓↓↘②③④③④②③④②③④⑤↘↙↓↘↓↙⑤⑤⑤

Therearerobotsallaroundus.Somedoverycomplicatedjobslikeflyingairplanesanddrivingsubwaytrains.andsomedoonesimplejoB.Whenanautomaticwashingmachineisswitchedonwaterpoursin.Themachinewaitsuntilthewateriswarmenoughforwashingclothes.Itdoesthisbyfeedback反馈.Informationaboutwhatishappeningisfeedbackintotherobottotellwhattodonext.Oureyesearsandothersensesareourfeedback.Theytelluswhatisgoingonaroundus.Sorobotsarelikehumanbeingsintwoways.Theyworkandtheyhavefeedback.Insomewaysrobotsarebetterthanhumanbeings.Theyworkquicklyanddonotmakemistakes.Theydonotgetboreddoingthesamejoboverandoveragain.AndtheynevergettireD.Sorobotsareveryusefulinfactories.Theycanbetaughttodomanydifferentjobs.FirsttheirelectronicbrainmustbeshownhowthejobisdonE.A.personmovestherobot’sarmsandhandsthrougheachpartofthejoB.ThemostintelligentrobotscanmoveandseE.Theireyesarecameras.Theirfingerscanfeelshapesandsizesoftheobjects.Theserobotshavecomputerbrainslinkedtotheireyesandfingerswhichcontroltheiractions.Theexpensiverobotsareusedinscientificresearch.Theydosuchjobashandlingradioactivematerials.Inthispassagetheauthortellsusthat________.A.robotsareverypopularB.therearevariouskindsofrobotsC.weseerobotsonlyatcertaintimesD.robotscanbeeasilycontrolledWhatdoestheauthorseemtoinformyouaboutrobots?A.TheyshouldbegreatlyimproveD.B.TheywillprobablytakeoverinthefuturE.C.Theyareveryhelpfulandusefultohumans.D.Theyaremachinesthatbreakdownalot.Theauthorsaysthatinindustry________.A.robotsbreakdownalotB.robotscandomanyjobsC.robotsonlygetinthewayD.robotssometimescausetroublesThefactthatarobotnevergetsboreddoingthesamejobmeansthat_______.A.itisverymuchlikehumanbeingsB.itcandoboringjobsforpeopleC.itwillneverborepeopleD.itwillworkmuchbetterthanhumanbeingsTherobotsusedforscientificresearch_______.A.arenotverycleverB.areverycheapC.areverybigD.areverycostly

Whydidhumansevolvetowalkupright?Perhapsbecauseit’sjustplaineasier.Makethatenergeticallylesscostlyscientificallyspeaking.Bipedalism—walkingontwofeetisoneofthedefiningcharacteristicsofbeinghumansandscientistshavedebatedforyearshowitcameabout.Inthelatestattempttofindanexplanationresearcherstrainedfivechimps黑猩猩towalkonatreadmill跑步机whilewearingmasksthatallowedmeasurementoftheiroxygenconsumption.Thechimpsweremeasuredbothwhilewalkinguprightandwhilemovingontheirlegsandknuckles膝关节.Thatmeasurementoftheenergyneededtomovearoundwascomparedwithsimilartestsonhumansandtheresultsarepublishedinthisweek’sonlineeditionofProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Itturnsoutthathumanswalkingontwolegsuseonlyone-quarteroftheenergythatchimpsusewhileknucklewalkingonfourlimbs肢.Andthechimpsonaverageuseasmuchenergyusingtwolegsastheydidwhentheyusedallfourlimbs.Howeverthereweredifferencesamongchimpsinhowmuchenergytheyusedandthisdifferencecorrespondedtotheirdifferentmannerofwalkingandanatomy解剖构造.OneofthechimpsusedlessenergyontwolegsoneusedaboutthesameandtheothersusedmoresaidDavidRaichlenassistantprofessorofanthropologyattheUniversityofArizonA.Whatweweresurprisedatwasthevariation变异hesaidinatelephoneinterview.Interview.Thatwasprettyexcitingbecausewhenyoutalkabouthowevolutionworksvariationisthebottomlinewithoutvariationthereisnoevolution.WalkingontwolegsfreedourarmsopeningthedoortodrivetheworldsaidRaichlen.Wethinkabouttheevolutionofbipedalismasoneoffirsteventsthatledhominids原始人downthepathtobeinghumans.TheresearchwassupportedbytheNationalScienceFoundationandtheL.S.B.LeakeyFoundation.TheunderlinedwordBipedalisminParagraph2probablymeans____.A.movingsidewaysB.walkinguprightC.walkingonfourlegsD.runningfastWecaninferfromthepassagethat____.A.scientistshavenoideaonhowhumans’walkingontwolegscameaboutB.scientistshavehaddifferentviewsonwhychimpswalkonfourlegsC.scientistshavehaddifferentviewsonhowhumans’walkingontwolegsvameaboutD.scientistshavehadsimilarviewsonhowhumans’walkingontwolegscameaboutWhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Howchimpssavedenergy.B.Whychimpsdidn'twalkontwolegs.C.DavidRaichlenstudiedchimps.D.Differentchimpsconsumeddifferentenergy.Accordingtothepassagehumanswalkuprightinorderto____.A.conserveenergyB.differfromotheranimalsC.freetheirbrainsD.strengthentheirlegs

第三部分阅读理解共20小题每小题2分满分40分阅读下列短文从所给的四个选项A.B.C.D中选出最佳选项Sciencesummercampsareoneofthebestwaystoimprovecreativityofstudentsandteachthemapracticalapproachtowardsscienceanditsapplications应用.Studentstakingpartinthecampscanlearntoappreciatescienceandtechnologyatanearlyagetobebetterpositionedforfurtherlearningandfinallybetterpreparedtofacechallenges.Apartfromtheoriesscientificexperimentsanddiscussionsareencouragedatthesecamps.ThesciencesummercampsareusuallyheldbetweenJuneandAugustandit’sgoodforparentstostartplanningtheirchildren’ssummercampsatleast6to7monthsinadvancE.Thisperiodoftimeprovidesanopportunityforthemtodoproperresearchandsavemoney.Withmorethan2000summercampsintheUSthereisawidevarietyforparentstochoosefrom.Ifthechilddoesn’tlikebiologythereisnopointsendinghimtoananatomy解剖学sciencecamp.Likewise同样地ifonethinksthathischildlimitshimselftobooksthroughouttheschoolyearheshouldtryandchoosecampswhichprovidestudentswithanopportunitytomoveoutintheopenandbephysicallyactivE.Tomakethetaskeasiertherearemanywebsiteswhichprovideonlineresourcematerialstohelpparentsselectasummercampthatfitstheneedsoftheirchildren.Generallyasciencesummercampcostsbetween$150and$500dependingonwherethecampislocatedhowlongitlastsandofcoursewhatsubjectitcovers.Someofthemalsoprovidescholarships奖学金forbrightstudentstoencouragethem.56.Asciencesummercampoffersstudents.A.chancestobewellpreparedforfuturestudyB.chancestoresearchandsavemoneyC.waystogetonlineresourcematerialsD.chancestoliveindependently57.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtheminthesecondparagraphreferto?A.StudentsB.OrganizersCScientistsD.Parents58.Wecaninfer推断fromthesecondparagraphthat.A.it’simportantforchildrentorelaxatthesummercampsB.onlineresourcematerialscanhelptoorganizeasummercampC.propercampsshouldbechosenforchildrenaccordingtotheirneedsD.differentparentsshouldbechosenforchildrenaccordingtotheirneeds59.Whatdothecostsofasciencesummercampdependon?A.Organizers’effortsandsuggestions.B.Locationtimeandcontent.C.Students’likesanddislikes.D.Effectsandbenefits.

Formorethantwentyyearsscientistshavebeensearchingforsignsoflifeonotherplanets.Mostofthesesearcheshavebeendoneovertheradio.Thehopeisthatsomeoneinouterspacemaybetryingtogetintouchwithus.Scientistsalsohavesentradioandtelevisionmessagesonspaceshipstravelingthroughspaceonthechancethatsomeonemaybereceptivetosuchmessages.Scientistsareusingpowerfulradiotelescopestolistentosignalsfromabout1000starsallwithin100lightyearsofearth.Inadditiontheywillscan扫视theentireskytolistenforradiomessagesfrommoredistantstars.UsingacomputertheywillbeabletomonitormorethaneightchannelsatonetimE.ScientistsarelookingforanysignaltheystandsoutfromthebackgroundnoisE.Ofthe200billionstarsintheMilkyWaygalaxy银河星系scientistsfindthatfivepercentarelikeoursun.Perhapshalfofthemhaveaplanetlikeearth.Suchaplanetwouldbeareasonabledistancefromthestarfortemperaturestoberightfortheevolution进化oflifE.BasedontheinhabitablethatcanbelivedinplanetsinourgalaxymostscientistsagreethatchancesarelikelythatoneormoreoftheseplanetssupportsomelifE.Howevermanyscientistswonderwhetherintelligent有智力的lifeexistsonotherplanets.SomebelievethattwentyyearsofsearchingwithoutanyintelligiblemessagesshowsthatnooneisouttherE.Theysaythattheevolutionofintelligencecomparabletooursisunlikely.Otherscientistsbelievethatoursearchhasn’tbeenlongenoughtoruleoutthepossibilitythatintelligentlifeexistsinourgalaxy.Althoughoursunfamilyisonlyaboutfivebillionyearsoldourgalaxyisabout20billionyearsolD.Inthattimesomescientiststhinkitislikelythatcivilization文明muchmoreadvancedthanourshavedevelopeD.Perhapsthesecivilizationssendusnosignals;perhapswehavenotrecognizedthesignalstheyhavesentus.Ifwehopetofindintelligentlifethesescientistsbelievethatwehavetokeeplooking.Accordingtothepassagehowmanyplanetsinourgalaxymightbeinhabitable?A.5billion.B.10billion.C.15billion.D.200billionThefirstparagraphinthispassageismainlyabout________.A.howscientistsarelookingforsignsoflifeonotherplanetsB.whyscientistsarelookingforsignsoflifeonotherplanetsC.wherescientistsarelookingforsignsoflifeonotherplanetsD.whenscientistsarelookingforsignsoflifeonotherplanetsTheunderlinedwordmonitorinthepassagemeans________.A.findB.followC.checkD.formWhichofthesestatementsistruebasedontheinformationinthepassage?A.Theearthisoneoftheoldestplanetsinourgalaxy.B.Mostscientistsbelievethatthereisintelligentlifeonotherplanets.C.Scientistsaretryingdifferentwaystofindsignsoflifeonotherplanets.D.Scientistsdon’tbelievethattheremightbelifeonotherplanets.

Believeitornotopticalillusion错觉cancuthighwaycrashes.Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Butstripescalledchevrons人字形paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyareandthusdriversslowdown.NowtheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundation基金会forTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD.C.isplanningtorepeatJapan’ssuccess.Startingnextyearthefoundationwillpaintchevronsandotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatternsreducehighwaycrashes.Excessivetoogreatspeedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofallfataltrafficaccidentsaccordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidentsthefoundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedhazardsdangerarethegreatestcurvesexitslopestrafficcirclesandbridges.Somestudiessuggestthatstraighthorizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitiallycuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.Howevertrafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars.Chevronsscientistssaynotonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspeedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents.Thepassagemainlydiscusses________.A.anewwayofhighwayspeedcontrolB.anewpatternforpaintinghighwaysC.anewwayoftrainingdriversD.anewtypeofopticalillusionOnroadspaintedwithchevronsdriverstendtofeelthat________.A.theyshouldavoidspeed-relatedhazardsB.theyaredrivinginthewronglaneC.theyshouldslowdowntheirspeedD.theyarecomingneartothespeedlimitTheadvantageofchevronsoverstraighthorizontalbarsisthattheformer________.A.cankeepdriversawakeB.cancutroadaccidentsinhalfC.willlookmoreattractiveD.willhavealongereffectondriversTheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyplansto________.A.tryouttheJapanesemethodincertainareasB.changetheroadsignsacrossthecountryC.replacestraighthorizontalbarswithchevronsD.repeattheJapaneseroadpatternsWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutstraighthorizontalbarspaintedacrossroads?A.Theyaresuitableonlyonbroadroads.B.TheyarefallingoutofuseintheUnitedStates.C.TheyareignoredinalongperiodoftimE.D.Theycannotbeusedsuccessfullytotrafficcircles.

PerhapsthemostfamoustheorythestudyofbodymovementwassuggestedbyProfessorRayBirdwhistell.HebelievesthatphysicalappearanceisoftenculturallyprogrammeD.Inotherwordswelearnourlooks—wearenotbornwiththem.A.babyhasgenerallyinformedfacefeatures.A.babyaccordingtoBirdwhistelllearnswheretosettheeyebrowsbylookingatthosearound-familyandfriends.ThishelpsexplainwhythepeopleofsomeareasoftheUnitedStateslooksomuchalikenewEnglandersorSouthernershavecertaincommonfacefeaturesthatcannotbeexplainedbygenetics遗传学.Theexactshapeofthemouthisnotsetatbirthitislearnedafter.Infactthefinalmouthshapeisnotformeduntilwellafternewteethareset.Formanythiscanbewellintogrown-ups.A.husbandandwifetogetherforalongtimeoftencometolookalikE.Welearnourlooksfromthosearoundus.Thisisperhapswhyinasinglecountryareawherepeoplesmilemorethanthoseinotherareas.IntheUnitedStatesforexampletheSouthisthepartofthecountrywherethepeoplesmilemostfrequently.InNewEnglandtheysmilelessandinthewesternpartofNewYorkStatestillless.ManysouthernersfindcitiessuchasNewYorkcoldandunfriendlypartlybecausepeopleonMadisonAvenuesmilelessthanpeopleonPeachtreeStreetinAtlantA.GeorgiA.PeopleinAtlantaGeorgiA.Peopleinlargelypopulatedareasalsosmileandgreeteachotherinpubliclessthanpeopleinsmalltownsdo.RayBirdwhistellbelievesthatphysicalappearance____.

Thousandsofdeadred-wingedblackbirdsfellfromtheskyinanArkansastownonNewYear’sEveaftermassiveinjuriestestsbyArkansasofficialsconcludedonMonday.Some5000birdsmysteriouslyfellfromtheskyinBeebeArkansasafterdarkonNewYear’sEvE.Thebirdssufferedfromacutephysicalinjuriesleadingtointernalhemorrhage大量出血anddeath.TherewasnosignofinfectiousdiseasetheArkansasGameandFishCommissionsaidinastatement.ThebirdswereotherwisehealthyitsaiD.OnetheoryisthatbirdswerefrightenedbyNewYear'sfireworksandflewintobuildingsorotherobjects.Loudnoiseswerereportedshortlybeforethebirdsbegantofallfromtheskythestatementsaidaddingthatblackbirdshavepoornightvisionandseldomflyatnight.AnothertheorywasthatsevereweathersuchaslightningaccountedfortheloudnoisesbutthiswasdiscountedbecausetheviolentweatherhadalreadylefttheareA.We’releaningmoretowardastresseventsaidArkansasGameandFishCommissionspokesmanKeithStephens.Thecommissionalsoistryingtodeterminewhatcausedthedeathsofupto100000fishovera20-milestretchoftheArkansasRivernearadaminOzark125mileswestofBeebE.ThefishwerediscoveredonDecember30.Stephenssaidthecommissionexpectedresultsonthefishtestsinprobablyamonth.Sincealmostallthefishwereonespecies--bottom-feedingdrumStephenssaidthetestwasveryimportant.Stephensalsosaid:TheeventsdonotappearrelateD.Boththatsectionoftheriverandtheairatthesiteofthebirddeathsweretestedfortoxins毒素.Beebeisatownofabout4500peoplelocated30milesnortheastofthestatecapital.WhatisNOTtheprobablereasonwhythedeadred-wingedblackbirdsfellfromthesky?A.InternalhemorrhageB.FireworksC.LightningweatherD.MurderInthethirdparagraphtheunderlinedworddiscountedprobablymean________.A.nottoreducecostB.nottobelieveC.tomakeupapartD.toexplainmysteryAccordingtoStephenswecaninfertheprobablecauseofthedeadfishis_________.A.coldweatherB.poormanagementC.diseaseD.lackoffoodThepassageismainlydevelopedby__________.A.analyzingcausesB.makingcomparisonsC.examiningdifferencesD.followingthetimeorder

BTheworldisnotcomingtoanendonDecember212012theUSspaceagencyinsistedMondayinararecampaigntodispelwidespreadrumorsfueledbytheInternetandanewHollywoodmoviE.ThelatestbigscreenofferingfromSonyPicture2012arrivesintheatersonFridaywitha200-million-dollarproductionabouttheendoftheworldsupposedlybasedonmythsbackedbytheMayancalendar.ItisclaimedthattheendoftimewillcomeasaPlanetX---orNibiru---headstowardorcollideswiththeEarth.SomewebsitesaccuseNASAofhidingthetruthontheplanet’sexistencebuttheUSspaceagencycondemnedsuchstoriesasanInternethoax.ThereisnofactualbasisfortheseclaimsNASAsaidinaquestion-and-anwserpostingonthiswebsitE.IfsuchacollisionwererealastronomerswouldhavebeentrackingitforatleastthepastdecadeanditwouldbevisiblebynowtothenakedeyE.Obviouslyitdoesnotexist.Crediblescientistsworldwideknowofnothreatassociatedwith2012itinsisteD.AfterallourplanethasbeengettingalongjustwellformorethanfourbillionyearsaddedNASA.ThereisanotherplanetErisfloatinginspacE.ButthesmallplanetsimilartoPlutowillremainsafelyfixedintheoutersolarsystemanditcancomenocloserthanfourbillionmilestotheEarthaccordingtoNASA.EarliertheoriessetthedisasterforMay2003butwhennothinghappenedthedatewasmovedforwardtothewinterin2012tocoincidewiththeendofacycleoftheancientMayancalendar.NASAinsistedtheMayancalendarinfactdoesnotendonDecember212012asanotherperiodbeginsimmediatelyafterwarD.AndeveniftheplanetsweretolineupassomehaveforecasttheeffectonourplanetwouldbenegligibleunimportantNASAsaiD.Andwhilecometsandasteroids小行星havealwayshittheEarthbighitsareveryrareNASAnoteD.Thelastmajorimpactwasbelievedtobe65millionyearsagoresultingintheendofdinosaurs.WehavealreadydeterminedthattherearenothreateningasteroidsaslargeastheonethatkilledthedinosaursthespaceagencysaiD.49.______playedakeyroleinthespreadoftherumors.A.AnewbookB.TheInternetandanewHollywoodmovieC.NASAD.AnIndiancalendar50.Wecaninferthat______.A.peopledidn’ttaketherumorseriouslyB.PlanetX---orNibirudoesexistC.astronomershavebeentrackingPlanetXforovertenyearsD.therumorcausedapanicamongsomepeople51.NASAthinksthatEris______.A.mighthaveathreattotheEarthB.doesn’thaveanythreattotheEarthC.istoofarawaytobevisibleD.issimilartoourplanetwherelifemightexist52.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?A.NewHollywoodmovie2012B.December212012NottheendoftheworldC.EndoftheancientMayancalendarD.Howrumorscameintobeing

Thereisadefinitepossibilitythattheclimateoftheworldmaybechanging.SomescientistsimaginethatthiscouldevenmeanthebeginningofanothericeagE.Theeffectsofsuchachangeinclimateonthehumanpopulationoftheworldwouldbestartling惊人的.RecentresearchsuggeststhatthegeneralwarmingtrendofthepasthundredyearsorsomaybecomingtoanenD.DuringthepasttenyearsmeteorologiststellustheaveragetemperatureoftheEarthhasdroppedaboutonedegreeFahrenheit.ThisdoesnotseemlikemuchbutitcouldhaveeffectsonwindandrainpatternswhichinfluencetheoverallweatherpicturE.Ifthesepatternschangealotitcouldmeanthatcertainregionsoftheworldmaycontinuetohavelongdroughtswhileotherswillpossiblysufferfromwidespreadflooding.Whatregulates调节theclimateisnotexactlyknown.MeteorologistsbelievethatcloudsmaybeanimportantfactorinregulatingtheamountofsolarheatheldbytheEarthwhichinturndeterminesthetemperatureoftheplanet.Anotherpossibilityisthatman’sindustrialandagriculturalmethodsmaybeaffectingthenaturalweatherpatterns.Howevertheweatherisnotunderstoodwellenoughforscientiststosayforcertainwhatishappeningtotheclimateandwhatsideeffectsthiswillactuallyhaveontheworld’spopulation.Accordingtothepassagetheclimateoftheworldseemsto.A.begettingcolderB.begettingwarmerC.remainthesameinthepasttenyearsD.havegoodeffectsontheworld’spopulationWhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Man’sactivitieshavenoeffectontheclimatE.B.Anothericeagewillcomesoon.C.Peopledon’tcareaboutthechangingclimatE.D.ScientistsarenotyetsureaboutthereasonforthechangingclimatE.A.meteorologistisapersonwho.readsweatherforecastsonradioortelevisionB.thinkstherewillbeanothericeageC.studiesandknowsabouttheweatherD.believestherewillbewidespreadfloodingWhichofthefollowingmaybethefactorsthataffectsthenaturalweatherpatterns?A.Clouds.B.TheamountofheattheEarthreceives.C.Man’sindustrialandagriculturalmethods.D.AlloftheabovE.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe.A.DroughtsandFloods.B.MeteorologistsC.TheChangingClimateD.SolarHeat

Theinventionoftheelectrictelegraphgavebirthtothecommunicationsindustry.AlthoughSamuelB.Morsesucceededinmakingtheinventionusefulin1837itwasnotuntil1843thatthefirstimportanttelegraphlinewasconstructeD.By1860morethan50000milesoflinesconnectedpeopleeastoftheRockies.ThefollowingyearSanFranciscowasaddedtothenetwork.ThenationaltelegraphnetworkstrengthenedthetiesbetweenEastandWestandcontributedtotherapidexpansionoftherailroadsbyprovidinganefficientmeanstomonitorschedulesandroutes.Furthermoretheextensionofthetelegraphcombinedwiththeinventionofthesteam-drivenrotaryprintingpressbyRichardM.Hoein1846revolutionizedtheworldofjournalism.Wherethebusinessofnewsgatheringhadbeendependentuponthemailandonhand-operatedpressesthetelegraphexpandedtheamountofinformationanewspapercouldsupplyandallowedformoretimelyreporting.ThecreatingoftheAssociatedPressasacentralwireservicein1846markedthearrivalofanewera纪元injournalism.71.Themaintopicofthepassageis.A.thehistoryofjournalismB.theoriginofthenationaltelegraphC.howthetelegraphnetworkcontributedtotheexpansionofrailroadsD.thecontributionsanddevelopmentofthetelegraphnetwork72.Thewordgatheringinline11refersto.A.peopleB.informationC.objectsD.substances73.Theauthor'smainpurposeinthispassageisto.A.comparetheinventionofthetelegraphwiththeinventionofthesteam-drivenrotarypressB.proposenewwaystodevelopthecommunicationsindustryC.showhowtheelectrictelegraphaffectedthecommunicationsindustryD.criticizeSamuelB.Morse74.Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundina.A.U.S.historybookB.bookontrainsC.sciencetextbookD.computermagazine75.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.SamuelMorsedidnotmakeasignificantcontributiontothecommunicationsindustryB.Morse'sinventiondidnotimmediatelyachieveitsfullpotential潜力C.theextensionofthetelegraphwasmoreimportantthanitsinventionD.journalistshavetheAssociatedPresstothankforthebirthofthecommunicationsindustry

Howmuchcanenvironmentaffectintelligence?InonestudystrikingincreasesinIQoccurredin25childrenwhoweremovedfromanorphanage孤儿院tomorestimulating使人兴奋的使人振奋的environments.Thechildrenwhowereallconsideredmentallyretardedandunadoptableweremovedtoaninstitutionwheretheyreceivedpersonalattentionfromadults.Laterthesesupposedlyretardedchildrenwereadoptedbyparentswhogavethemloveafamilyandastimulatinghomeenvironment.Thechildrengainedanaverageof29IQpoints.Foronechildtheincreasewasanamazing58points.Asecondgroupofinitiallylessretardedchildrenwhostayedintheorphanagelostanaverageof26IQpoints.Otherencouragingresultscanbefoundinearlychildhoodeducationprogramswhichprovidestimulatingintellectualexperiencesfordisadvantagedchildren.Inonestudychildrenfromlow-incomefamiliesweregivenenrichedenvironmentsfromearlyinfancy婴儿期throughpreschool.Byage2theirIQscoreswerealreadyhigherthanthoseinacontrolgroup.Moreimportanttheywerestill5pointshighersevenyearslater.High-qualityenrichmentprogramssuchasHeadStartcanpreventchildrenfromfallingbehindinschool.A.particularlystrikingenvironmentaleffectisthefactthat14nationshaveshownaverageIQgainsoffrom5to25pointsduringthelast30years.TheseIQboostsaveraging15pointsoccurredinfartooshortatimeforgeneticstoexplainthem.Itismorelikelythatthegainsreflectenvironmentalforcessuchasimprovededucationnutritionandlivinginatechnologicallycomplexsociety.What'sthemainideaofthispassageA.RetardedchildrencannotimprovetheirIQ's.B.Orphanagesarefullofmentallyretardedchildren.C.Environmentalfactorsinfluenceachild'sIQ.D.Earlychildhoodeducationprogramsareimportant.Theauthorisinfavorof_____________accordingtothepassagE.A.puttingretardedchildrenintoinstitutionsB.providingearlychildhoodeducationprogramsC.keepingchildreninorphanagesD.keepingretardedchildrenwithotherslikethemselvesWhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasanenvironmentalfactorthataffectsIQ.A.Goodnutrition.B.Improvedtechnology.C.Bettereducation.D.Foodpollution.Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A.Attentionfromparentshaslittleeffectonachild'sIQ.B.HeadStartprogramsareawasteofmoney.C.IncreasesinIQhavehappenedintheUSmorerapidlythanelsewherE.D.Geneticsarelessimportantthanenvironmentingainingone'sIQ.

Inthelast500yearsnothingaboutpeople—theirclothesideasorlanguages—haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginalchocolatedrinkwasmadefromtheseedsofthecocoatree可可树bySouthAmerican.Indians.TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500’s.AndalthoughitwasveryexpensiveitquicklybecamefashionablE.InLondonshopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday.ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorlD.Around1600theSpanishbroughtitfromPerutoEu??ropewhereitsoonwaswidelygrown.IrelandbecamesodependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeo??plestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthePotatoFamine饥荒of1845—1846andthousandsmorewereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmericA.TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorlD.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowtheworld’slargestgrowerofcoffeeandcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopiaacountryinAfricA.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabsduringthe1400’s.accordingtoan.ArabiclegendcoffeewasdiscoveredwhenapersonnamedKaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneandexperiencedthewide-awakefeelingthatonethirdoftheworld’spopulationnowstartsthedaywith.1.accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowinghaschangedthemostinthelast500years?A.FooD.B.Clothing.C.Ideology.D.LanguagE.2.Thewordsomeinthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphrefersto________.A.somecocoatreesB.somechocolatedrinks.C.someshopsD.someSouthAmericanIndians3.ThousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedduringthePotatoFaminebecause________A.theyweresodependentonpotatoesthattheyrefusedtoeatanythingelseB.theywereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmericaC.theweatherconditionsinIrelandwerenotsuitableforgrowingpotatoesD.thepotatoharvestwasbad4.accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Onethirdoftheworld’spopulationdrinkscoffeE.B.CoffeeisnativetoColombiA.C.CoffeecankeeponeawakE.D.CoffeedrinkswerefirstmadebyArabs.

CHINACoalminesclaim使失踪morelivesA.COALmineblast爆炸inJixiHelongjiangleftmorethan100minersdeadonThursday.TenminesinJixiwereorderedtostopproduction.Thegovernmenthastriedtoshutdownthousandsofsmallillegal非法的minesinthecountrythatdonotmeetsafetystandards标准.MIDDLEEASTBomberscontinuestokillPALESTINIANSkilled32IsraelisinthreemajorattacbetweenTuesdayandThursday.Thereweretwosuicidebombing自杀性爆炸andamilitant武装的attackonJewishsettlement.TheyledtooneofthehighestIsraelideathtolls死亡人数insuchashortperiodoverthelasttwoyears.CHINAYoungpeoplestandtallTheaverageheightofChineseyoungpeoplehasrisenby6centimetersparedtothatof20yearsago.Thisyearfarexceeds超过theword’saveragegrowthspeeD.A.surveyonhealthconductedbyapanel调研组ofChinesestudentsfoundtheresults.Accordingtotheworldaveragelevelyouthsgettallerby1cmevery10years.CANADATalkingaboutworldissue援助TheGroupofEightG8—theUSJapanGermanyBritainFranceItalyCanadaandRussia----willholdasummit峰会onJune26and27inKananaskisCanadA.TheG8aretherichestandmostpowerfulcountriesintheworlD.G8leadersandsomeAfricanpresidentswilldiscussstrengtheningglobaleconomicgrowthandhelpingAfricA.KofiAnnanUnitedNationsSecretaryGeneralwillalsoattenD.1.Thousandsofmineshavebeenshutbecause______.A.theyhaveblastB.theyproducedlesscoalC.theyareverysmallandillegalD.theydon’tmeetthesafetystandards2.Inthelast20yearstheaveragegrowthspeedofChineseyouthsexceedstheworld’saveragelevelby_______.A.1cmB.4cmC.5cmD.6cm3.What’sthepurposeoftheSummit?A.tostrengthentheglobaleconomicgrowthandhelpingsomepoorAfricancountries.B.Tomaketheseeightcountriesmuchmorepowerful.C.TohelpsomeAfricanpresidenttostrengthentheireconomicgrowth.D.KofiAnnanwillhaveanimportantspeechonworldissues.

.Doyouwanttoliveanother100yearsormore?Someexpertssaythatscientificadvanceswillonedayenablehumanstolasttensofyearsbeyondwhatisnowseenasthenaturallimitofthehumanlifespan.Ithinkweareknockingatthedoorofimmortality永生saidMichaelZeyaMontclairStateUniversitybusinessprofessorandauthoroftwobooksonthefuturE.Ithinkby2075wewillseeitandthat’saconservativeestimatE.AttheconferenceinSanFranciscoDonaldLouriaaprofessoratNewJerseyMedicalSchoolinNewarksaidadvancesinusinggenesaswellasnanotechnology纳米技术makeitlikelythathumanswillliveinthefuturebeyondwhathasbeenpossibleinthepast.Thereisagreatpushsothatpeoplecanlivefrom120to180yearshesaiD.Somehavesuggestedthatthereisnolimitandthatpeoplecouldliveto200or300or500years.Howevermanyscientistswhospecializeinagingaredoubtfulaboutitandsaythehumanbodyisjustnotdesignedtolastabout120years.Evenwithhealthierlifestylesandlessdiseasetheysayfailureofthebrainandorganswillfinallyleadallhumanstodeath.ScientistsalsodifferonwhatkindoflifethesuperagedmightlivE.Itremainstobeseenifyoupass120youknow;couldyoubehealthyenoughtohavegoodqualityoflife?saidLeonardPoondirectoroftheUniversityofGeorgiaGerontologyCenter.Atpresentpeoplewhocouldgettothatpointarenotingoodhealthatall.67.BysayingweareknockingatthedoorimmortalityMichaelZeymeans_____.A.theybelievethatthereisnolimitoflivingB.theyaresuretofindthetruthaboutlonglivingC.theyhavegotsomeideasaboutlivingforeverD.theyareabletomakepeoplelivepastthepresentlifespan68.DonaldLouria’sattitudetowardlonglivingisthat_____.A.peoplecanlivefrom120to180B.itisstilldoubtfulhowlonghumanscanliveC.thehumanbodyisdesignedtolastabout120yearsD.itispossibleforhumanstolivelongerinthefuture69.TheunderlineditParA.4refersto_____.A.agreatpushB.theideaoflivingbeyondthepresentlifespanC.theideaoflivingfrom200to300D.theconservativeestimate70.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.LivinglongerornotB.SciencetechnologyandlonglivingC.NolimitforhumanlifeD.Healthylifestyleandlongliving

Forsomepeoplethesightofamousecanbereasontoscream.Forothermicethesamesightcanbereasontosing.Micewillprobably21singtheirwaytoanyconcertbutresearchersintheUnitedStateshavefound22thatmicedo23sing.Scientistsalreadyknewthatmicemakeultrasonic超声波sounds—noisesthataretoohigh-pitched高音的forpeopletohear24specialequipment.Tofindoutwhethermiceputsuchsoundstogetherinsong-like25theresearchersrecordedthesoundsof1micE.Usingcomputer26theywereabletoseparatethesoundsintospecifictypesofsyllables音节andfoundthemiceproducedabout10syllablesperseconD.Theresultsshowedthatnearlyallofthemicerepeatedsequences顺序ofsyllablesindifferentpatterns.That’senoughtomeetthedefinitionofwhatscientists27song.Butnotallscientistsare28_thatwhatthemicearedoingis29singing.Toproveittheresearchersmustshowthatthere’slearninginvolveD.Andtheyneedto__30whythemicesing.21.A.almostB.evenC.neverD.usually22.A.coincidenceB.evidenceC.guidanceD.instance23.A.atonceB.bymeansC.forexampleD.infact24.A.duringB.insideC.throughD.without25.A.fashionsB.instructionsC.patternsD.styles26.A.accessB.printerC.screenD.software27.A.callB.hearC.singD.write28.A.accustomedB.convincedC.involvedD.qualified29.A.actuallyB.obviouslyC.simplyD.unlikely30.A.figureoutB.getaboutC.runacrossD.talkover

You’relostintheworldofdreamsandsleep.YourolloversmilingasyoucomeacrossaswimmingpoolfilledwithchocolatE.AndthenyourwonderfuldreambecomesanightmarewhensomeoneisscreamingGetup!It’sjustwhateveryteenagergoesthrougheachmorning!Nowthereseemstobeoneschoolthatfinallyunderstandsthatrequiringteenstoshowupat9amisnotjustcruelbutalsoharmfultoboththekidsandtheschool.TheMonkseatonHighSchoolinNorthTynesideBritainrecentlydecidedtoexperimenttoseeifthereisanydifferenceinstudentbehavioriftheyjustpushedbackthestartoftheirdaybyonehourfrom9amto10am.Andtheresultsaresurprising.SincecarryingoutthelaterstartMonkseatonhasseena28%dropintruancyevenhardlyanylatenessandbestofallhighertestscores.Oneofthereasonsisthattheteenagersaremuchhappiertohavetheextrahourofsleepbutthereisalsoascientificreasonbehindwhytheyneedtheextrasleep.Theschool’sdecisiontopushbackthetimewasbasedontheresearchdonebyOxfordProfessorRussellFosterwhopointedoutthatteenagersandadultshavedifferentsleepcyclesexplainingwhyteenagersgotobedlateandwakeuplatE.Whileadultsarewideawakeandreadyat8amteenagersarenotfullyawakeuntil10amsometimesevennoon.Teachersmayarguethattheirstudentsperformbetterinthemorningbutinfactitisbecausetheyareinthezonewhiletheirstudentsarestillsleepymakingthestudentseasiertocontrol.MemorytestsprovethatthemoredifficultclassesshouldbeintheafternoonwhenteenagersaremostwideawakE.TheMonkseatonschoolofficialsareencouragedbytheresultsandplanonvotingtomakeitapermanentchangE.What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.Getupearlyteenagers!B.Finallyaschoolunderstandsteenagers.C.Whydoteenagersstayuplate?D.Differencebetweenteensandadults.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordtruancy?A.gradesB.subjectsC.absenceD.classesWhatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.TeenagersandadultshavethesamesleepcyclE.B.Teenagersarefullyawakeat10am.C.Teenagersaremuchhappiertosleepthanstudy.D.Teenagersneedtheextrasleepalsoforascientificreason.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.TheMonkseatonschoolissatisfiedwiththeresultofexperiments.B.Itiscruelfortheteenagerstoshowupat9am.C.TheMonkseatonschoolplanstochangetheschooltimeforever.D.Teenagersperformbetterinthemorningthanintheafternoon.

A.weathermapisanimportanttoolforgeographers.A.successionofthreeorfourmapspresentsacontinuouspictureofweatherchanges.Weatherforecastersareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts.Theyarealsoabletodeterminewhetheranairmassisretainingitsoriginalcharacteristicsortakingonthoseofthesurfaceoverwhichitismoving.Thusamostsignificantfunctionofthemapistorevealansynopticpicture气象图ofconditionsintheatmosphereatagiventimE.Allstudentsofgeographyshouldtointerpretaweathermapaccurately.WeathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalareA.TheyrevealinafewminuteswhatotherwisewouldtakehourstodescribE.TheUnitedStatesWeatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstormsfloodsfrostsdroughtsandallclimateconditionsingeneral.Twiceamonthitissuesa30-dayoutlookwhichisaroughguidetoweatherconditionslikelytooccuroverbroadareasoftheUnitedStates.Theseoutlooksarebasedonananalysisoftheupperairlevels.Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandsatellitesenormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations气象站.Experimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodificationstudiesalthoughfewsuccessfulresultssuchasartificialrainmakinghavebeenachievedsofar.Whichisnotmentionedinthispassageinthefollowingaboutonecharacteristicofweather?A.Fronts.B.TemperaturechangE.C.WindspeeD.D.Frost.Theobservationofweatherconditionsbysatellitesisadvantageousbecause_______.A.itismodernandsophisticatedB.itusedelectronicinstrumentsC.itenablesmantoaltertheweatherD.itgivesthescientistsinformationnotobtainedreadilyotherwiseThewordinterpretinParagraph2mostprobablymeans_______A.explainB.presentC.modifyD.illustrate

第二部分阅读理解共20小题每小题2分满分40分AToooftenweaccuseothersofnotlisteningpretendingthatweourselvesarefaultlessyetinourheartsweknowthatmanyofthemistakeswemakecomeaboutbecausewehaven’tlistenedcarefullyenough.Wegetthingswrongbecausewehaven’tlistenedcarefullyenough.Wegetthingswrongbecausewehaven’tquiteunderstoodwhatsomeonemeantwhentheyweretalkingtous.Anyonewhohasevertakentheminutesofalongmeetingwillknowhowharditistoremember--despitethebenefitofnotes--exactlywhateveryonesaiD.Butsuccessdependsongettingthingsright--andthatmeanslistening.Listeningisnotthesamethingashearing;itisnotaneffortactively.Itdemandsattentionandconcentration.Itmaymeanquizzingthespeakerforadditionalinformationorforclarification------itisalwaysbettertoaskthantocontinueregardlessandgetthingswrong.Howeverifyouallowyourmindtowanderontosomethingelseevenforafewminutesyou’llmisswhatthespeakerissaying------probablyattheverymomentwhenheorsheissayingsomethingcritical.Andnothavingheardyouwon’tknowyou’vemissedanythinguntilit’stoolatE.ThemostcommonbadhabitwehaveistostartthinkingofwhatwearegoingtosayaboutthesubjectlongbeforetheotherspeakerhasfinisheD.Wethenstoplistening.Evenworsethisoftenaddsrudenesstoinattentivenessasonceyouhavedecidedwhattosaythereisafairchanceyouwillinterrupttosayit.Goodlistenersdon’tinterrupt.Infactitisoftenworthexplainingthemainideaofwhatyouhavejustbeentoldbeforegoingontomakeyourownpoints.Nobodyisoffendedbythisanditshowsthatyouhavelistenedwell.Aboveallbepatientandacceptthatmanypeoplearenotverygoodcommunicators.It’shelpfultorememberthatthewayspeoplemoveandpositionthemselveswhiletheyarespeakingcanrevealagreatdealaboutwhattheyaresaying.Equallyimportantyoushouldputyourselfintheotherperson’splacebothintellectuallyandemotionally;itwillhelpyoutounderstandwhattheyaregettingatandformaresponsE.Butdon’tbetooclever.Facedwithaknow-allmanypeoplekeepquietbecausetheyseenopointincontinuing.56.Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Don’tbetoocleverB.Beagoodlistener.C.Don’tmissanythingcriticalD.Thinkofthespeaker57.Inthelastparagraphwhattheyaregettingatmeans________.A.whattheyimplyB.whattheylikeC.whattheyattackD.whattheyachieve58.Whatisthewriter’sopinion?A.Ifyouwanttobeagoodlisteneryoushouldbeverycleverandemotional.B.Speakerswon’tcontinuetalkingwhentheirlistenersexplainwhatthey’vehearD.C.Ifyoudon’twanttogetthingswrongit’simportanttobeagoodlistenerD.It’shardtobeagoodlistenerbecauselisteningtestsyouonyourintelligencE.59.Whatisthelessonwecanlearnfromthispassage?A.Don’taccuseothersofnotlisteningwhiletalkingwiththem.B.Don’tgetanythingwrongifyoumisswhatthespeakerissaying.C.Listeninginattentivelymaycostyouthelossofyoursuccess.D.Thinkcarefullyofwhatyou’regoingtosaybeforethespeakerfinishes.

ManycitiesaroundtheworldtodayareheavilypolluteD.Carelessmethodsofproductionandlackofconsumerdemandforenvironment环境friendlyproductshavecontributedtothepollutionproblem.Oneresultisthatmillionsoftonsofglasspaperplasticandmetalcontainersareproducedandthesearedifficulttogetridof.Howevertodaymoreandmoreconsumersarechoosinggreenanddemandingthattheproductstheybuyshouldbesafefortheenvironment.Beforetheybuyaproducttheyaskquestionslikethese:Willthisshampoodamagetheenvironment?Canthismetalcontainerbereusedorcanitonlybeusedonce?A.recentstudyshowedthattwooutoffiveadultsnowconsidertheenvironmentalsafetyofaproductbeforetheybuyit.Thismeansthatcompaniesmustnowchangethewaytheymakeandselltheirproductstomakesurethattheyaregreenthatisfriendlytotheenvironment.Onlyafewyearsagoitwasimpossibletofindgreenproductsinsupermarketsbutnowtherearehundreds.Somesupermarketproductscarrylabels标签toshowthattheproductisgreen.Somecompanieshavemadethemanufacturing生产ofcleanandsafeproductstheirmainsellingpointandemphasizeitintheiradvertising.Theconcernforasaferandcleanerenvironmentismakingcompaniesrethinkhowtheydobusiness.NolongerwillthepublicaccepttheoldattitudeofBuyituseitthrowitawayandforgetit.Thepublicpressureisonandgraduallybusinessiscleaningupitsact.64.Itbecomesclearfromthetextthatthedrivingforce动力behindgreenproductsis______A.publiccaringfortheenvironmentB.companiesdesireforbiggersalesC.newwaysofdoingbusinessD.rapidgrowthofsupermarkets65.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BusinessandPeopleB.BusinessGoesGreenC.ShoppingHabitsAreChangingD.SupermarketsandGreenProducts66.Theunderlinedworditinthefourthparagraphrefersto_____A.asellingpointB.thecompanynameC.agreatdemandforhealthfoodsD.themanufacturingofgreenproducts

Whenbuildinghousespeopleusedtothinkaboutnotonlytheclimateoftheareasbutalsothebuildingmaterialsandthefashionsfortheirhouses.Howeversinceelectricitybecamemoreandmoreexpensivepeoplebegantopaymuchmoreattentiontotheenergytheycouldgetfortheirhousesandthenewwaystheycouldfindtoprotecttheirhousesfrombothcoldandheat.Nowhousesofanoldyetnewtypehavebeenwidelybuilt.Insomepartsoftheworldpeoplesharetheirhouseswiththeirlivestock家畜.Duringcoldweathertheygathertheircowsgoatsorotheranimalsandkeepthemonthefirstflooroftheirhouses.Thereasonsarethattheanimalscanbeprotectedfromthecoldandthattheycanhelptoheatthehousesaswell.ThebodyheatgivenoffbytheanimalsrisestothesecondfloorofthehouseswherepeoplelivE.Bysharingtheirhouseswiththeirlivestockpeoplegainasourceofheat.Peoplewholiveinornearcitiesdonotusuallykeeplivestock.Howeverhomebuildersusethefactthatheatrises.Thisnaturallawcanbeusedinbuildinghousesintheseareas.Insteadofkeepinglivestockonthefirstfloorbuildersfillitwithlargerocks.Astheyareopentothesun’sraysduringcoldweathertheserockstakeinheat.Theyalsogiveofftheheatandofcoursethewarmairrisesintothelivingareasofthehouses.Sothesehousesareenergy-saving.House-buildingbecomesagreatchallenge挑战tobuildingdesignersandenergyengineers.Theytrytomeetthischallengebylearningfromoldtraditionsandbyusingmoderntechnology.Andsomedayinthefuturepeoplewillbeabletoliveinmoreenergy-savinghouses.56.Whatdidpeoplebegintoconsideraselectricitywasnolongercheap?A.Theclimateoftheirareas.B.Theenergyfortheirhouses.C.Thefashionsfortheirhouses.D.Thebuildingmaterialsfortheirhouses.57.Peopleinsomeareasgainasourceofheatby_________.A.keepingtheirlivestockdownstairsB.protectingtheirlivestockfromthecoldC.sharingtheirhousesonlywiththeircowsD.livingonthesecondfloorwiththeirlivestock58.Theunderlinedwordsnaturallawinthethirdparagraphrefertothefactthat________.A.heatraisesthetemperatureinthehousesB.heatgoesintheupwarddirectionC.heatgoesupiftemperatureisraisedD.heatincreasesthetemperatureofrocks59.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat__________.A.peoplewillnolongerconsiderbuildingmaterialsinthefutureB.energy-savingbuildingswillbecomemorepopularinthefutureC.almostallpeoplewillmoveintothehousesheatedbylargerocksD.energyengineerswilldevotethemselvesonlytomoderntechnology

Spacetravelisdefinitelybadforastronauts’bonesreducingtheirbonedensity密度afteronlyamonthofweightlessnessaccordingtoFrenchresearchpublishedonFriday.LaurenceVicoandhisfellowworkersatStEtienneUniversitycalledformoreresearchintotheeffectsofmicrogravityaftertheirstudyof15astronautsfromtheRussianMIRstationshowedbonelosscontinuedthroughoutspaceflights.BonelosswasespeciallystrikinginfourastronautsthescientistsreportedintheLancetMedicalJournal.TheymeasuredthebonemineraldensityBMDofbonesintheforearm前臂andlowerlegoftheastronautswhohadspentonetosixmonthsinspacE.TheBMDlosswassignificantinthetibia胫骨ofthelowerlegaweight-bearingbonebutbarelychangedintheradius桡骨oftheforearm.Ourresultsindicatetheneedtoinvestigatenotonlydifferentbonesbutalsodifferentareasofthesamebonesincenotallsitesoftheskeleton骨架aresimilarlyaffectedbyspaceconditionstheyaddeD.Withoutgravitythebodyisn’tbearinganyweightsothereisnoneedforcalcium钙whichmakesbonesstronganditbecomesemptyintothebloodstream.Theresearchteamsuggestedinfuturescientistsshouldtrytodetermineifthelossofbonedensitywasonlyonweight-bearingbonesonlongerflightsalsothepossiblerecoveryafterreturningtoEarth.FrenchscientistsdidtheirresearchonRussianastronautsbecause_______.A.theyonlycaredfortheRussianastronautsB.theywerenotinterestedintheirownastronautsC.theRussiangovernmentinvitedthemtodotheirresearchD.theRussianastronautsworkedinspaceforalongtimeScientistshavefoundthat_______.A.theBMDlossmaycauseseriousillnesstoastronautsB.theBMDlossmaycausesomechangeinastronauts’bodiesC.astronautsshouldn’tcareabouttheBMDlossD.astronautsshouldtakesomecalciumbeforespacetravelWhatcausetheBMDlosstoastronautsaccordingtothispassage?A.ThefoodtheyeatinspacE.B.ThedrinkstheytakeinspacE.C.ThetemperatureinspacE.D.ThegravityinspacE.Inthethirdparagraphthewordstrikingmeans______.A.unusualB.simpleC.weakD.slow

Everyoneagreesthatit’snecessarytoreducecarbonemissions排放物aroundtheworlD.Thereislessagreementoverexactlyhownationsshouldgoaboutachievingamorecarbon-freeplanet.Thustheenvironmentalequivalent:cap–and–tradecarbonemissionsorplaceacarbontaxonallusers?Withcap–and–tradeprogramsgovernmentslimitthelevelofcarbonproducedbyanindustry.Companiesthatholdtheiremissionsbelowthecapcanselltheirremainingallowanceonacarbonmarketwhilecompaniesthatgobeyondtheirlimitmustpurchasecreditsonthatmarket.Carbontaxesaremorestraightforward:asettaxrateisplacedontheconsumptionofcarbonwiththeideathatraisingthepricewillencourageindustriesandindividualstoconsumeless.Atthemomentcap–and–tradehastheupperhandbutdoesn’tdefeatthetaxjustyet.Supportersofthetaxarguethatacap–and–tradesystemwouldbetoodifficulttoadminister–andtooeasilygamedbyindustrieslookingtosidestepemissionscaps.Cap–and–tradeadvocatescontradictthatlikeallotherflattaxesacarboncollectionwouldrelativelyburdenlower–incomefamilieswhospendagreaterpercentageoftheirincomeonenergythanrichhouseholds.Sowhichsystemwillhavealargereffectoncarbonconsumption?A.10%carbontaxmightreducethedemandforcarbonabout5%orlessaccordingtoananalysisbytheCarbonTaxCenteranenvironmentaladvocacygroup.Thatmaynotbeenough.Businessesandgovernmentshaven’tfiguredouthowthetwocompetingsystemscanworktogetherbutintheendtheworldmayneedboth.1.Thepassagefocuseson_________.A.programsofcollectingtaxesB.systemsofreducingcarbonemissionsC.reasonsforreducingcarbonemissionsD.contradictionsbetweenthetwosystems2.Accordingtothecap–and–tradeprogramcompanies_________.A.areforbiddentoproducecarbonemissionsB.areallocatedthesameamountofcarbonconsumptionC.canselltheirremainingallowancewithintheirlimitsD.canselltheextraamountofcarbonatahigherprice3.Carbontaxesworkby_________.A.burdeningwell–offfamiliesB.encouragingindustriestoconsumecarbonC.raisingthepriceforcarbonconsumptionD.limitingthecarbonconsumptionofindustriesonly4.Theunderlinedwordcapinthesecondparagraphmostlikelyrefersto_________.A.limitB.creditC.levelD.rate5.Wecanlearnfromthepassage_________.A.carbontaxesaredifficulttocarryoutB.cap–and–tradeplaysagreaterroleatpresentC.cap–and–tradewillbepreferableinthefutureD.carbontaxeswillbepreferableinthefuture

ShapingtheFutureofTVNobodycanpredictthefutureofTVwithanycertaintybutsomemajorfiguresintheindustryhaverecentlyputforwardtheirthoughtsonwhatwillshapeTVofthefuturE.TheshapingofapersonalizedtelevisionfutureisstartingtotakeplacesaysIntel.Thechipgiantwhomakestheprocessorsfoundinmostpersonalcomputersstatesthatby2015therewillbejustover12milliondevicesusingIPTVservicesthatwillbecapableofconnectingtoover500billionhoursofTV&video.ThissupportstheideatomaketelevisionamoresocialpersonalizedandreadilyaccessibledeviceavailableanywherethroughIPTVservices.AsmoreandmorepeopleconsumeTV&videothroughvariousmediumsthereisnowagreaterneedtodistributeandmanagethiscontent.AssuchcompanieslikeTVGeniusareacceptingthisannouncementmadeatIntel’sDeveloperForumIDFintheUSAbytheirchieftechnologyofficerJustinRattner.WithsuchavarietyofcontentlikelytobecomeavailabletechnologyfirmswillneedtoassistinmakingpersonalizedTVrecommendationsmorereadilyaccessiblE.Mr.RattnerspeakingtotheBBCsaidTVwillremainatthecentreofourlivesandyouwillbeabletowatchwhatyouwantandwhereyouwant.WearetalkingaboutmorethanoneTV-capabledeviceforeverymanandwomanontheplanet.Peoplearegoingtofeelconnectedtothescreeninwaystheyhaven’tinthepast.Onewayinwhichthiswillhappenwillalsobeassistedbyamoreunitedserviceofmaterialcombiningincludingvideocontentinternetcontentbroadcastcontentandpersonalcontent.ThiscontentwillbecomemuchmoreaccessiblethroughremotedeviceslikemobilephonesusingIPTVtechnology.ThismeansthatuserswillbeabletowatchtheirfavoriteprogramsawayfromthetraditionalmediahubthehomE.63.Theauthorusesthepassagemainlyto________.A.recommendanewtypeofTVB.introduceapossibleshapeoffutureTVC.describethefunctionoffutureTVD.supportthenewtypeofTV64.WeknowfromthepassagethatthefutureTVmighthavemajorfeatureslike_______.A.beingcapableofconnectingtomanymorehoursB.changingtheshapeveryeasilyC.receivingprogramsatanyplaceD.displayingtheadvancedmaterialsE.usingservicesaccessingtheInternetvideoradioetcA.abcB.cdeC.aceD.bce65.Theunderlinedwordthisinthethirdparagraphrefersto__________.A.IntelthechipgiantB.TVandvideoC.readilyaccessibledeviceD.WidelyusedIPTVservices66.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_________.A.thepresentTVwilldisappearinthenearfutureB.thefutureTVwillhaveabeautifullookC.peoplearedevelopingthetechnologyofTVveryquicklyD.peoplewillspendmoretimewatchingTVathome

BWhateverourdifferencesashumanbeingsareweallthinkwe’remoreliketherestoftheanimalworldthanwerealizE.Itissaidthatweshare40percentofourgenetic遗传的structurewiththesimpleworm.ButthatfacthashelpedSirJohnSulstonwinthe2002NobelPrizeforMedicinE.SirJohnisthefounderoftheSangerInstituteinCambridgewhichwassetupin1992togetfurtherunderstandingofthehumangenome染色体组.Tohelpthemdothistheyturnedtotheworm.Thenematode线虫类的wormisoneoftheearliestcreaturesonplanetearth.ItislessthanonemillimeterlongcompletelytransparentandspendsitsentirelifediggingholesthroughsanD.Butitstillhaslotstosayabouthumanlifeandwhatcanbedonetomakeitbetter.WhatthewormtoldSirJohnandhiscolleagueswasthateachofcellsinthehumanbodyisprogrammedlikeacomputer.Theygrowdevelopanddieaccordingtoasetofinstructionsthatarecodedinourgeneticmake-up.ManyofthediseasesthathumanssufferfromhappenwhentheseinstructionsgowrongorarenotobeyeD.Whenthecellrefusestodiebutcarriesongrowinginsteadthisleadstocancer.HeartattacksanddiseaseslikeAIDScausemorecelldeathsthannormalincreasingthedamagetheydotothebody.SirJohnwasthefirstscientisttoprovetheexistenceofprogrammedcelldeath.60.SirJohnSulstongotaNobelPrizeforMedicinebecausehehas.A.foundthathumanbeingsaresimilartothewornB.gotthefactweshare40percentofourgeneticstructurewiththesimplewormC.foundthecomputerwhichcontrolseachofthecellsinthehumanbodyD.provedthatcelldeathisprogrammed61.Peoplemightbeseriouslyillifthecellsinheirbody.A.growwithoutbeinginstructedB.dieregularlyC.failtofollowpeople’sinstructionsD.developinthehumanbody62.Theunderlinedwordtheyparagraph5refersto.A.celldeathsB.diseasesC.instructionsD.cells63.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?A.Thetheoryofprogrammedcelldeaths.B.Agreatscientist—SirJohnSulston.C.TheprogrammedhumanlifE.D.Dangerousdiseases.

A.mobilephoneisnolongerjustaphone--itisalsoamusicplayervideocameraandpersonalorganizer.Andmobilephoneswithtelevisionprogrammingarejustaroundthecorner.Butthemorefunctionscellphonemanufacturersaddthegreatertheamountofpowerthephonesuseandthelesspracticalrunningthemonlithium锂batteriesbecomes--sotheracetofindaviablealternativeison.Twooftheworld'sbiggestelectronicsmakersHitachiandToshibaarecurrentlycompetingagainsteachothertocomeupwithanalternativemostlikelytobemicrofuelcells.ThetaskhasbeensetbyJapan'ssecondlargestmobilephoneproviderKDDIwhichwantsitscustomerstosoonbeabletousespecialtelevisionprogrammingontheirhandsetsandhasaskedthetwoelectronicscompaniestocomeupwithabetterpowersourcE.HitomiMurakamiofKDDIsaysbattery-operatedmobilephonescannotkeepupwiththenewapplications.We'relookingatvariouswaystoexpandcontentandservicesthatwecanprovidetothepeoplE.Andwedon'twanttohavebatteryissuesdelayingusfromdoingthathesays.Hitachi'sAtsushiMoriharasaysitisacriticalraceforbothofthecompaniesastheresultingproductwillhaveamajorimpactonthemobilemarketinthefuturE.Weareincompetitionandit'suptobothofustocomeupwithagoodproduct.A.productthatwillsatisfyKDDI'sneeds.IthinkIcangoasfartosaythatthewinnerwilltakeall.Miniaturizeddirectmethanol甲醇fuelcellsaredifferentbatteriesinthattheycreatepowerinsteadofsimplystoringit.Thatpowerismadebynewtechnologyutilizingcheapmethanol.Ifallgeestoplancome2007Japanesephoneuserswillnotuseanelectricchargertopowertheirmobilestheywillinsteadcarryasmallbottleofmethanolandwithjustafewsquirtstheywillhavepowerfortheirphones.Butthemethodhasitsdownsidesincludinghowpassengerswillbeabletotakesmallmountsofflammablemethanolonairliners.FumioUenoofToshibasaysthatoncedevelopedtheusesofminiaturizeddirectmethanolfuelcellshaveendlesspossibilities.Thelithiumbatteriesarebecomingimproperforthecellphonebecause______.A.thereisatelevisioninthephoneCitisinconvenienttouseB.itcan'tprovideenoughpowerDpeoplehavefoundsubstitutesAccordingtothepassageToshiba______.A.isincriticalcompetitionwithKDDIB.willprobablybeatitsrivalC.attachesgreatimportancetomethanolfuelD.isoneofthelargestbatteryproviderWhichofthefollowingisNOTthecharacteristicofmethanolfuel?A.EasytocatchfirE.CPortablE.B.InexpensivE.DAvailableeverywherE.Thebesttitleforthepassageis______.A.Searchforbetterphonepower.B.Developmentofcellphonebattery.C.Competitionbetweentwoelectronicfirms.D.Advantageanddisadvantageofmethanolfuel.

AmericaisacountryonthemovE.Inunheardofnumberspeopleofallagesareexercisingtheirwaytobetterhealth.Accordingtothelatestfigures4percentofAmericanadultsexerciseregularly-up12percentfromjusttwoyearsagoandmorethandoublethefigureof25yearsago.Evennon-exercisersbelievetheywouldbemoreattractiveandconfidentiftheyweremoreactivE.ItishardnottogetthemessagE.Thevirtuesofphysicalfitnessareshownonmagazinecoverspostagestampsandtelevisionadsofeverythingfrombeautysoapstotravelbooks.Exerciseasapartofdailylifedidnotcatchonuntilthelate195swhenresearchbymilitarydoctorsbegantoshowthehealthbenefitsofdoingregularphysicalexercises.Growingpublicity宣传forracesheldinAmericancitieshelpedfuelastronginterestintheancientsportofrunning.AlthoughrunninghasleveledoffinrecentyearsasAmericanshavediscoveredequallyrewarding-andsometimessafer-formsofexercisesuchaswalkingandswimmingrunningremainsthemostpopularformofexercisE.Asthepopularityofexercisecontinuestomountsodoesscientificevidenceofitshealthbenefits.Thekeytofitnessisexercisingthemajormusclegroupsvigorously强有力地enoughtoapproximatelydoubletheheartrateandkeepitdoubledfor20to30minutesatatimE.Doingsuchphysicalexercisesthreetimesormoreaweekwillproduceconsiderableimprovementsinphysicalhealthinaboutthreemonths.5.Itcanbelearntfromthepassagethatthehealthbenefitsofexercise.A.aretobefurtherstudiedB.areselfevidentC.areyettobeprovedD.aresupportedbyscientificevidence6.Agrowinginterestinsportsdevelopedafter___________.A.anincreasingnumberofraceswereheldinAmericancitiesB.researchshowedtheirhealthbenefitsC.scientificevidenceofhealthbenefitswasshownonTVadsD.peoplegotthemessagefrommagazinecoversandpostagestamps7.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Exercise-TheRoadtoHealthB.ScientificEvidenceofHealthBenefitsC.DifferentFormsofExerciseD.Running-APopularFormofSport8.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephraseleveledoffintheparagraph2?A.reacheditslowestlevelinpopularityB.stoppedbeingpopularC.stoppedincreasinginpopularityD.becomeverypopular

BA.mosquitoisaninsectthatisfoundallovertheworlD.Therearethousandsofdifferentkindsofmosquitoesinmanydifferentsizesandcolors.Thefemalemosquitoneedsbloodfromvertebrates脊椎动物tolayeggsandproducemoremosquitoes.Shehasaspecialpartofhermouththatsheusestosuckbloodandhersalivaspitthinsthebloodsoshecandrinkit.Infact.It’sthemosquito’ssalivathatmakesthebitesitch痒!A.personwhogetsbittenbyamosquitowillnoticeawhealwhichisabumparoundthebitE.ThewhealwillberoundwithpinkorredaroundtheedgeandwhiteinthemiddlE.Thewhealwillitchalot.Soonthewhealwilldisappearbuttheitchwillstay.Ifyou’vebeenbittenbyamosquitowashthebitewithsoapandwater.Putonsomecalaminelotiontohelpstoptheitchingoranadultcanfindananti-itchcreamatthedrugstoreforyou.Placinganicepackonthebitemayalsohelp.Tellanadultyou’vebeenbittenbyamosquitoespeciallyifyouliveintheeasternUnitedStates.Butifyoudevelopanallergicreactionandfeeldizzyorsicktelladoctorimmediately.HecantreatallergicreactionswithsolemedicinE.Thebestwaytoavoidmosquitobitesistowearaninsectrepellent.RepellentsthatincludeoneoftheseingredientsarebestBEETandlemoneucalyptus.Askaparenttohelpyouapplythem.Sincemosquitoeslaytheireggsinwaterit’salsoagoodideatoemptyoutbucketsflowerpotstoysandotherthingsinyouryardthatmayhavecollectedwaterduringarainstorm.Andwhenit’spossibleyou’dbetterwearlong-sleevedshirtsandlongpantstokeepmosquitoesawayfromyourskin.60.Whatmakesyouitchafterthemosquitoes’bites?A.AbumparoundthebitE.B.Themosquito’ssalivA.C.Somecalaminelotion.D.Anantic-itchcream.61.TheunderlinedwordwhealParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto________.A.asmallmouththatcanpreventaninsectB.asmallmarkafteraninsectbitethatusuallyitchesC.anillnessafteraninsectbitethatalwaysspreadsnearbyD.anillnessfrommosquitoes’bitesandotherpollutiondiseases62.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothispassage?A.Therearethousandsofmosquitoesinthesamesizesandcolors.B.Thewhealwillneverdisappearforeverbuttheitchwilldisappearsoon.C.AskadoctorforsomemedicineifyoudevelopanallergicreactionforthebitE.D.Askaparentforaninsectrepellentifyouseemosquitoeslayingtheireggsinwater.

Notverylongagoaspecialfamilysystem体系existedincertainpartsofSouthIndiA.Inthesystemtheactualheadofafamilyunitwasthemother’seldestbrotherthoughthemotheralsohadanimportantpositioninthefamily.Infamiliesofthiskindahusbandwasactuallynomorethanavisitor.HedidnotlivewithhiswifebutwithhisownmotherbrothersandsistersinanotherhousE.Hesawhissonsanddaughterssometimesbutthemanwhoactuallyfedandcaredforthemandactedastheirfatherwastheiruncle---theirmother’sbrother.ButthissysteminwhichbrothersandsisterstaketheplaceofthefathernolongerexistsinSouthIndiaexceptinafewvillages.Economic经济的changeshavehadfar-reachingeffectonfamilylifE.FamilylifebegantochangewhenmenwentouttoworkinfactoriesandofficesinsteadofworkingwiththeirmothersbrothersandsistersonthelanD.Whenamanwentouttoworkhehadmoneyofhisownandcouldbuyhisownlandandbuildhisownfamilyinsteadofdependingonhismotherandhisbrothers.Hewantedtobeindependent独立的.Thisisanexampleofthewayinwhicheconomicrelationscanhaveaneffectonfamilyrelationships.Thebesttitleofthispassageis______.A.HusbandActuallyVisitorinFamilyB.FamilySysteminSouthIndiaC.WifeHasImportantPositioninFamilyD.EconomicRelationsAffectsFamilyRelationshipsWhohadtheactualcontrolofafamilyinSouthIndianotlongago?A.Themother.B.Themother’seldestbrother.C.Thefather.D.Thefather’smother.Inthissystemthehusbandlivedtogetherwith______.A.hiswifeB.hissonsanddaughtersC.hismotherbrothersandsistersD.hiswife’sbrotherNowinSouthIndiathereare__ofthissysteminwhichahusbandhasnocontrolofhisfamily.A.nofamiliesB.manymorefamiliesC.veryfewfamiliesD.notanyfamilies

BPeopleallovertheworldtodayarebeginningtohearandlearnmoreandmoreabouttheproblemofpollution.Pollutioniscausedeitherbyman'sreleaseofcompletelynewandoftenartificialsubstancesintotheenvironmentorbyreleasinggreatlyincreasedamountsofanaturalsubstancesuchasoiltankersintotheseA.Thewholeindustrialprocesswhichmakesmanyofthegoodsandmachinesweneedanduseinourdailylivesisboundtocreateanumberofwasteproductswhichupsettheenvironmentalbalanceortheecologicalbalanceasitisalsoknown.Manyofthesewasteproductscanbepreventedordisposedofsensiblybutclearlywhilemoreandmorenewandcomplexgoodsareproducetherewillbenewdangerouswastestobedisposedofforexamplethewasteproductsfromnuclearpowerstations.Manypeoplethereforeseepollutionasonlypartofalargerandmorecomplexproblemthatisthewholeprocessofindustrialproductionandconsumptionofgoods.Othersagainseetheproblemmainlyinconnectionwithagriculturewherenewmethodsarehelpingfarmersgrowmoreandmoreontheirlandtofeedourever-increasingpopulations.HoweverthelanditselfisgraduallybecomingwornoutasitisbeingusedinsomecasestooheavilyandartificialfertilizercannotrestorethebalancE.Whateveritsunderlyingreasonsthereisnodoubtthatmuchofthepollutioncausedcouldbecontrolledifonlycompaniesindividualsandgovernmentswouldmakemoreefforts.InthehomethereisanobviousneedtocontrollitterandwastE.Foodcomeswrappedupthreeorfourtimesinpackagesthatallhavetobedisposedof;drinksareincreasinglysoldinbottlesortinswhichcannotbereuseD.Thisnotonlycausesalitterproblembutalsoisagreatwasteofresourcesintermofglassmetalsandpaper.Advertisinghashelpedthisprocessbypersuadingmanyofusnotonlytobuythingsweneitherwantnorneedbutalsotothrowawaymuchofwhatwedobuy.Pollutionandwastecombinetobeaproblemeveryonecanhelptosolvebycuttingoutunnecessarybuyingexcessconsumptionandcarelessdisposaloftheproductsweuseinourdailylives.45.Theunderlinedphrasedisposedofinthesecondparagraphmeans_______.A.dealtwithB.exposedC.disapprovedofD.collected46.Inthewriter’sviewthemorenewgoods_______.A.thelesspollutionB.theharderpollutioncanbepreventedC.themorepollutiontherewillbeD.themoreeasilypollutioncanbecontrolled47.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Wecandomuchtoreducepollution.B.Thegovernmentistryinghardtostoppollution.C.IndividualsknowhowtogetridofthehabitoflitteringeverywherE.D.Wecan’tstopbuyingunnecessarythings.48.Peoplecanhelpsolvetheproblemofpollutionby_______.A.urgingtheirgovernmentstocontrollitterandwasteB.makinganti-pollutionadvertisementsC.cuttingdowntheuseofoilandotheroilproductsD.reducingunnecessarybuyingover-consumptionandcarelessdisposalofwastes

WeoftenthinkoffuturE.Weoftenwonderwhattheworldwouldbelikeinahundredyears'timE.Thinkofspaceperhapsapermanent永久的stationonthemoonwillhavebeensetup.Perhapspeoplewillbeabletovisitthemoonastourists.Cheaprocketsforspacetravelwillhavebeendevelopedpermittinglongjourneysthroughoutthesolarsystem太阳系.Whenthattimecomespeoplewillbetakingholidaysinspaceandvisitingotherplanets.Greatprogresswillhavebeendiscoveredforthemostterribleofalldiseases—cancer.PollutionisaproblemwemustsolvE.Inahundredyears'timeitwillhavebeencontrolleD.Alltheworldwillhavebeendeveloped—evenAntarcticA.TherewillbelargecitiesinAntarcticA.Wealreadyhavesupersonic超音速的flightbutinahundredyears'timewewillhavesupersoniclandtravelaswell.Wewillhaveusedupmostofearth'slandtobuildourcitiessofloatingcitieswillhavebeenbuilt.TheJapanesealreadyhaveplansforcitiesofthiskinD.AndtherewillbecitiesundertheseA.ThefirstofthesewillhavebeencompleteD.39.Wewillhavedeveloped__________inahundredyears'timepermittinglongjourneysalloverthesolarsystem.A.cheaprocketsforspacetravelB.aplaneforspacetravelC.apermanentspaceshipD.asatellitefortourists40.Thelastparagraphmainlytalksabout_____________.A.newwaysofbuildingcitiesB.thebuildingofcitiesundertheseaC.thebuildingoffloatingcitiesinJapanD.thedangerwhichearth'slandwillface41.Thebesttitleforthepassageis______________.A.TravelintheFutureB.FutureLifeC.WheretoLiveintheFutureD.SpaceTravel

Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectedonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffiC.TodayweknowthatalthoughthesearetheareaswiththeworstairpollutiontheproblemisliterallyworldwidE.OnseveraloccasionsoverthepastdecadeaheavycloudofairpollutionhascoveredtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatesandledtohealthwarningseveninruralareasawayfromanymajorconcentrationofmanufacturingandautomobiletraffiC.Infacttheveryclimateoftheentireearthmaybeaffectedbyairpollution.Somescientistsfeelthattheincreasingconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheairresultingfromtheburningoffossilfuelscoalandoilcreatingagreenhouseeffect-holdinginheatreflectedfromtheearthandraisingtheworld’saveragetemperaturE.Ifthisviewiscorrectandtheworld’stemperatureisraisedonlyafewdegreesmuchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcitiessuchasNewYorkBostonMiamiandNewOrleanswillbeunderwater.Anotherviewlesswidelyheldisthatincreasingparticulatematterintheatmosphereisblockingsunlightandloweringtheearth’stemperature-aresultthatwouldbeequallydisastrous灾难的.A.dropofjustafewdegreescouldcreatesomethingclosetoanewiceageandwouldmakeagriculturedifficultorimpossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas.Atpresentwedoriotknowforsurethateitheroftheseconditionswillhappenthoughonerecentgovernmentreportpreparedbyexpertsinthefieldconcludedthatthegreenhouseeffectisverylikely.Perhapsifweveryluckythetwotendencieswilloffseteachotherandtheworld’stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow.Aspointedoutatthebeginningofthepassagepeopleusedtothinkthatairpollution______.A.causedwidespreaddamageinthecountrysideB.affectedtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatesC.almostbroughtworldwideeffectD.existedmerelyinurbanandindustrialareasAsfarasthegreenhouseeffectisconcernedtheauthor_____________.A.sharesthesameviewwiththescientistsB.isuncertainofitsoccurrenceC.rejectsitasbeingungrounded无根据的D.thinksthatitwillincreasinglydestroytheworldsoonItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.raisingtheworld’stemperaturealittlewouldnotdomuchharmtolifeontheearthB.loweringtheworld’stemperaturealittlewouldleadtoagriculturaldisastersC.almostnotemperaturevariationshaveoccurredoverthepastdecadeD.theworld’stemperaturewillremainstableforeverThispassageisprimarilyconcernedwith.A.thegreenhouseeffectintheworldB.themeasurestoadjusttheclimateC.thepotentialeffectofairpollutionD.themeasurestoprotecttheenvironment

CA.newageiscoming.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomytheinformationagetheknowledgesociety.Italltranslatestoafundamentalchangeinthewaywework.Alreadywe’repartlytherethepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorlD.TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmericaEuropeandJapanareintheserviceindustryandthenumberisontherisE.MorewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbeforE.Therearemorepart-timejobs.Morepeopleareself-employeD.Buttherangeoftheeconomictransformationcan’tbemeasuredbynumbersalonebecauseitalsoisgivingrisetoimportantnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Long-heldideasaboutjobsandcareerstheskillsneededtosucceedeventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployers—allthesearebeingchallengeD.WehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieaheaD.Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhichasingleinventionthechipwouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputersdigitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnologyartificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofdramaticchanges.Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmorevalidandthepeoplewhopossessitwhethertheyworkinmanufacturingorserviceswillhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.ComputerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwritE.TheabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelsE.Ifyoucastyourmindahead10yearsinformationservicewillbesuperior.ItwillbethewayyoudoyourjoB.66.A.characteristicofthenewagementionedinthepassageisthat.A.theserviceindustrymainlyreliesonfemalesB.manufacturingindustriesaresteadilyincreasingC.morepeopleareintheserviceindustrythanbeforeD.theworkintheserviceindustryismorecomfortablethanthatinmanufacturingindustry67.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.People’straditionalconceptsaboutjobsneedchanging.B.TherelationbetweenemployeesandemployersisbecomingtensE.C.MorewomenthanmenareintheworkforcE.D.Part-timejobsaremorewelcomethanfull-timejobs.68.Bymentioningtheinventionofthechiptheauthormeanstosaythat.A.wehaven’tpaidenoughattentiontotheimportanceofhightechnologyB.thechipisthemostimportantinventiontodayC.thepowerofscienceandtechnologyisbeyondourimaginationD.it’sagreatchallengetoapplynewinventionstoourlife69.Wemaydrawaconclusionfromthepassagethat.A.informationwillplayagreaterroleinpeople’sworkanddailylifeinthefutureB.wecanforeseethefutureiftechnologydevelopsfastenoughC.theabilityofperformingroutinetasksgivesyouanadvantageinworkD.robotswillreplacepeopletodoalltheworkbothinmanufacturingandserviceindustries70.Theauthor’sattitudetothecomingageis.A.doubtfulB.enthusiasticC.satisfiedD.Uncertain

III阅读共两节满分40分第一节阅读理解共15小题每小题2分满分30分阅读下列短文从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑ChinahasnowmappedoutplansforitsnextfourlaunchesintheShenzhouprogramonthenextflight.ButoneconclusionseemstohaveescapedmostreportsintheaerospacemediA.TheflightofShenzhou7couldbetimedtocoincidewiththeBeijingOlympics.Plansforthe2008SummerOlympicscallfortheeventstobeheldbetweenthe8thand24thofAugust.It'sreasonabletoexpectthatChinawillusetheeventtopromoteitsachievementsbeforetheworldandhumanspaceflightisChina'smostsignificantrecentbreakthrough.Shenzhou7China'snextmannedspacemissionwasoriginallyadvertisedfor2007.Thisfitintothepatternofstagingatwo-yeargapbetweencrewedShenzhoumissionswhichhavepreviouslylaunchedin2003and2005.ButChinesemediastatementshaverecentlyamendedthisto2008.ChinesemediahavereportedthatwhiletheoverallprogramisgoingwellmoretimeisneededtoworkonthespacesuitthatwillbeusedonthisflighttostageChina'sfirstspacewalk.It'spossiblethatChineseengineerswanttomakebestpreparationsforthiscomplexmission.ChinacouldintendtocarryoutthemissionofShenzhou7justasmediaattentionisfocusedonthelead-uptotheOlympics.ThecrewoftheflightandpossiblyChina'sotherflownastronautscouldthentakepartintheopeningceremony.ChinahaspreviouslyfetedherspacetravellersingreatcelebrationssuchastheHongKongeventthatsawYangLiweisingingwithactorJackyChan.Chinahasalsosuggestedthattheactivitywillbecarriedoutbyasingleastronautandhasindicatedthathalfanhourisaroughestimateoftheplannedtimeforthespacewalk.Chinaisapparentlyfollowingsuitprobablyforthesamereasonsofconservativemissionplanningandsafety.41.Fromthefirstparagraphwecaninferthat________.A.Chinahasn’tmadeitsplanfortheBeijingOlympicsB.ThenewShenzhouprogramareknowntoallthereportersC.ChinahasplannedtosendupShenzhou7in2008D.BeijingOlympicswillbeheldduringtheflightofShenzhou742.Chinahasdecidedtocarryoutitshumanspaceflightin2008inorderto______.A.maketheBeijingOlympicsmoreinterestingB.showitsgreatachievementstotheworldC.provethatChinaisadevelopedcountryD.introduceitsscienceandtechnologytotheworld43.WhichoneofthefollowingisWRONGaccordingtothispassage?A.ChinasentitsfirstmannedspacecraftinOctoberof2003.B.ChineseengineerswanttomakemorepreparationsforShenzhou7.C.ThespacesuitfortheflightofShenzhou7hasn’tbeenpreparedwell.D.TwoChineseastronautswalkedinspacein2003.44.Theunderlinedwordamendedinthepassagehasasimilarmeaningto______.A.improveB.changeC.expectD.decide45.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheBeijingOlympics.B.TheShenzhouOlympics.C.China’sShenzhouProgram.D.Spacewalkin2008.

CCanyoutrainyourcattoactuallyuseyourtoilet?Canyounothavetodealwithlitterboxesanymore?Wellformanypeopletheanswerstothesequestionsareyes.YoumayhaveheardthatsomepeoplehavemanagedtotraintheircatstousethehumantoiletWellthisiscorrect.Oneadvantagetothisisthefactthatyounolongerhavetolugheavybagsoflitterhomefromthesupermarketorworryaboutcleaningoutthedirtylittereveryday.Likeanyothercattrainingprogramtrainingyourcattousethetoilettakestimesandpatienceyoujustcanputyourcatonthetoiletandhopethattheycanuseit.Byslowlyshapingyourcat’sbehavioroveracoupleofweeksyoutoocanendluggingheavybagsofcatlitterhomefromthesupermarket.Firststartbyslowlymovingthelitterboxcloserandclosertothetoileteachdaysoyourcatgetsusedtobeinginthebathroomandbeingaroundthetoilet.Nextwhenyouhavehadtolitterboxnexttothetoiletforseveraldaysslowlyraisethelitterboxhigherandhighereachdayuntilitisatthelevelofthetoilet.Thenfindaninsertforthetopofthetoiletlikeashallowpanthatcansitintherimofthetoiletandholdlitter.Onceyourcatgetsusedtousingthislitterpanontopofthetoiletforaweekorsotryremovingthepanandyourcatshouldbeabletousethetoilet.Likeanycattrainingprogramittakestimeandeffortonthepartofthecatownertodothis.Don’tgetfrustratedwithyourcatifsheisnotlearningasfastasyouwouldlikemanycatslearnattheirownpacE.Withalittleeffortyoutoocanhaveatoilettrainedcat.64.Theauthoradvisesyoutotrainyourcattouseatoiletsothatmay.A.keepthetoiletcleanB.keepthecatcleanC.savealotoftroubleD.savealotofmoney65.Accordingtothepassagecattoilettrainingisaprocess.A.quickB.ComplicatedC.difficultD.gradual66.Whenyouhavemanagedtogetyourcattousethetoiletthelitterbox.A.isnolongerneededB.isstillneededC.shouldbekeptwhereitisD.shouldbeputbackwhereitwas67.WecanseefromthepassagethatashallowpaninPara6.A.isusedinsteadofthelitterboxB.isusedtoprotectthecatC.helpstoraisethelitterboxD.helpstocleanthetoilet

BWhatdoesanastronauteatinspace?Thisisaquestionthatwillpuzzlemanyaspeoplerarelythinkofthat.Intheearlyspace-travelyearsastronautsatedehydrated脱水的foodsthatwereeatenthroughstraws吸管.Intoday’sspace-agethefoodthattheyeatistotallydifferent.TheyeatfoodinthesamewayaspeopledoonEarth.AstronautsareabletoprepareandeatavarietyoffoodsinspacE.Somecanbeeatenintheirnaturalformlikefruitswhilesomeneedtoaddwaterlikenoodles.HowevertherearenorefrigeratorssothefoodhastobepreparedandeatenwithoutbeingstoredforalongtimE.Whentheastronautsarehungrytheysimplyeatthefoodbyopeningthefoodpackagesandwithaforkknifeandspoon.JustlikepeopleonEarthastronautsalsoeatthreemealsadaywhichincludebreakfastlunchanddinner.Sometimestheyalsoeatsnacks.TheUSspaceagencyNASAhasfoundoutthatanastronaut’sdietreducesbyabout70%onaspacemissionthoughhehasawiderangeoffoodstochoosefromlikenutschickenbeefseafoodandcandies.DrinksinthespaceshipincludecoffeeteajuicesandlemonadE.AstronautscanalsorequestaparticularfoodthattheywouldliketohaveinspacE.Scientistsarealwaysexperimentingandtryingoutdifferentspacefoodsthatcanbeofferedtoastronautswhenonspacemissions.45.Nowastronautseat________inspacE.A.dehydrated脱水的foodsB.foodaspeopledoonEarthC.totallydifferentD.foodwithalotofwater46.Thefoodtheastronautsprepared________.A.can’tbestoredforalongtimeB.canbeputintorefrigeratorsC.canbestoredforalongtimeD.can’tbekeptinthefoodpackages47.Inspaceastronauts________likepeopleonEarth.A.onlyhavenutschickenandbeefB.onlyhavelunchforadayC.onlydrinkcoffeeteaandlemonadeD.alsoeatthreemealsaday48.Whatarescientistsexperimentingandtryingout?A.Someveryspecialsnacks.B.Howastronautscansleepwell.C.Differentspacefoodsforastronauts.D.Howtogetsomefruitsforastronauts.

AtDallas/FortWorthAirportthelightsarecontrolledbysensorsthatmeasuresunlight.Theydimimmediatelywhenit'ssunnyandbrightenwhenapassingcloudblocksthesun.A.wallofwindowsataUniversityofPennsylvaniaengineeringbuildinghasbuilt-inblinds百叶窗controlledbyacomputerprogramthatfollowsthesun'spath.Buildingsaregettingsmarter--andthenextgenerationofbuildingmaterialsisexpectedtodoevenmorE.Windowscouldcatchthesun'senergytoheatwater.Sensorsthatmeasurethecarbondioxidebreathedoutbypeopleinaroomcoulddeterminewhethertheairconditioningneedstobeturnedup.Manynewmaterialsandtechnologyhavebeendesignedinthelast15years.TheynowbeingusedinawaveofbuildingsdesignedtosaveasmuchenergyaspossiblE.Theyincludeoldideaslikegreenroofswhereabeltofplantsonaroofhelpsthebuildingkeepheatinwinterandstaycoolinsummerandnewideaslikespecialcoatingforwindowsthatletslightinbutkeepsheatout.AstechnologiessuchassensorsbecomecheapertheirusesspreaD.Theelevators电梯atSevenWorldTradeCenterwhichisunderconstructioninNewYorkuseasystemthatgroupspeopletravelingtonearbyfloorintothesameelevatorthussavingelevatorstops.Peoplewhoworkinthebuildingwillenteritbyswiping刷IDcardsthatwilltelltheelevatorstheirfloor;readoutswillthentellthemwhichelevatortousE.Thebuildingalsohaswindowswithacoatingthatblocksheatwhilelettinginlight.Morenewbuildingmaterialsandtechnologyareindevelopment.A.Philadelphiabuildingfirmisnowworkingonsmartwrapthatusestinysolarcollectorstocatchthesun'senergyandtransmitters传输器thewidthofahumanhairtomoveit.Theyareexpectedtochangethefaceoftheconstructionindustryinthenexttenyearsorso.72.______willbedevelopedandusedintheconstructionindustry.A.GreenroofsthatcoolorheatbuildingsB.Smartwrapthatcatchesthesun'senergyC.Sunlight-measuringsensorsthatcontrollightsD.Windowcoatingthatletslightinbutkeepsheatout73.TheelevatorsatSevenWorldTradeCenterarespecialbecausetheycan___A.sendpeopletofloorswithfewerstopsB.teachpeoplehowtousetheirIDcardsC.makepeoplestayverycoolinsummerD.helppeoplegotravelinginthebuilding74.Theunderlinedworditinthelastparagraphrefersto_____.A.ahumanhairB.smartwrapC.thesun'senergyD.atransmitter75.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.BuildingsAreBecomingSmarterB.BuildingsAreGettingMoreSunlightC.BuildingsAreLackinginMuchEnergyD.BuildingsAreUsingCheaperMaterials

ManyOlderDoctorsPlantoGiveupTheirPracticeTheresultsofanewsurveyindicatethat48percentofphysiciansbetween50and65yearsofageareplanningtoreduceorendtheirclinicalpracticeinthenextlto3years.Thefindingsalsosuggestthatmanyolderphysiciansbelievethattheiryoungercounterpartsdonothavetheworkethictheydo.ThesurveywhichwasconductedbyMerrittHawkins＆AssociatesaTexas-basedphysiciansearchandconsultingfirmsuggeststhatmanyolderphysiciansaresimplyunhappywiththechangesthathavetakenplaceinmedicineovertheyears.WhenBabyBoomdoctorsenteredmedicinetheyhadcontroloverhowtheypracticedandthefeetheychargeD.Buttheruleschangedontheminmid-streamandnowmanyarelookingforaticketoutMarkSmithexecutivevicepresidentofMerrittHawkins＆Associatessaidinastatement.OurstudyistheonlyoneIamawareofthatexaminesthecareerplansofphysiciansinthe50-to-65agegroup.Thisagegrouprepresentsmorethanone-thirdofallphysiciansintheU.S.IftheystopworkinginthecomingyearsitwillhaveasignificantimpactontheoverallsupplyofphysiciansSmithtoldReutersHealth.Theresultsofthesurveywhichincluded1170respondents调查对象showthat24percentofolderphysiciansareplanningtoleaveclinicalpracticealltogetherinthenext1to3years.Specifically14percentsaidtheywereplanningonretiring7percentsaidtheywerelookingforamedicaljobinanon-patientcaresettingand3percentsaidtheywereseekingajobinanon-medicalfielD.Forthosephysiciansnotleavingclinicalpracticemanysaidtheywouldmakechangestoreducethenumberofpatientstheytreat.Forinstance12percentsaidtheywouldbeginworkingpart-time8percentsaidtheyplannedtostoptakingnewpatientsormarkedlyreducetheirpatientloadand4percentexpressedadesiretoworkonatemporarybasis.Whenaskedabouttheworkethicofphysiciansenteringpracticetoday68percentoftherespondentssaidthattheseyoungerdoctorsarenotasdedicatedorashardworkingasphysicianswhoenteredpractice20t030yearsago.Fifty-sevenpercentofolderphysicianssaidtheywouldnotrecommendmedicineasacareertotheirownchildren.Similarly44percentsaidtheywouldnotselectmedicineasacareeriftheywerestartingouttoday.Themostominous不祥的findingisthataboutonehalfofphysicianssurveyedplanttoeitherabandonpatientcareinthenext1to3yearsorsignificantlyreducethenumberofpatientstheyseeSmithsaiD.TheU.S.alreadyisfacingawidespreadshortageofphysicians.Shouldolder‘workhorse'physicianschoosetogiveuppatientcareaccesstomedicalserviceswillbefurtherrestricteD.66.WhichisNOTtrueofphysiciansinthe50-to-65agegroupintheU.S.?A.Theyaremostlybabyboomers.B.Theyhavenothingtocomplainabout.C.ManyofthemplantograduallystoptheirpracticE.D.Theyaccountforoverone-thirdofallphysiciansinthecountry.67.Thesurveywasfocusedon.A.thelivingconditionsofolderphysiciansintheU.S.B.thecareerplansofolderphysiciansintheU.S.C.theretirementplansofolderphysiciansintheU.S.D.theachievementsofolderphysiciansintheU.S.68.ManyolderphysiciansintheU.S.viewtheworkethicoftheiryoungercounterparts.A.withappreciationB.withdisapprovalC.withjealousD.withindifference69.Intheeyesofmanyolderphysiciansmedicine.A.comesfirstintheirchoiceofacareerfortheirchildrenB.remainstheirlifelongpursuitC.isnotasgoodacareerasitusedtobeD.ismoredemandingthanitusedtobe70.IfmanyolderphysiciansstopworkinginthecomingyearsAmericanswillhave.A.evenlessaccesstomedicalservicesB.evenbetterpatientcareC.ashortageofyoungerphysiciansD.morejobopportunities

InJuly19阅读理解upiterthelargestplanetinoursolarsystemwasstruckby21piecesofacomet彗星.Whenthefragments碎片landedinthesouthernpartofthegiantplanettheexplosionswerewatchedbyscientistshereonearth.Butwhatifourownplanetwashitbyacomet?Theyearis2094.IthasbeenannouncedthatacometisheadingtowardstheEarth.MostofitwillmissourplanetbuttwofragmentswillprobablyhitthesouthernpartoftheEarth.ThenewshascausedpaniC.On17JulyafragmentfourkilometerswideenterstheEarth'satmospherewithahugeexplosion.AbouthalfofthefragmentisdestroyeD.ButthemajorpartsurvivesandhitstheSouthAtlanticat200timesthespeedofsounD.Theseaboilsandanenormouswaveiscreatedandspreads.ThewallofwaterrushestowardssouthernAfricaat800kilometresanhour.CitiesontheAfricancoastaretotallydestroyedandmillionsofpeoplearedrowneD.ThewavemovesintotheIndianOceanandheadstowardsAsiA.MillionsofpeoplearealreadydeadinthesouthernpartoftheEarthbutthenorthwon'tescapeforlong.Tonsofbrokenpiecesarethrownintotheatmospherebytheexplosions.Asthesunishiddenbycloudsofdusttemperaturesaroundtheworldfalltoalmostzero.CropsareruineD.WarsbreakoutascountriesfightforfooD.AyearlatercivilizationhascollapseD.Nomorethan10millionpeoplehavesurviveD.Coulditreallyhappen?InfactithasalreadyhappenedmorethanonceinthehistoryoftheEarth.Thedinosaurs恐龙wereontheEarthforover160millionyears.Then65millionyearsagotheysuddenlydisappeareD.ManyscientistsbelievethattheEarthwashitbyaspacefragment.Thedinosaurscouldn'tsurviveinthecoldclimatethatfollowedandtheybecameextinct.Willwemeetthesameend?1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtotheauthor'sdescriptionofthedisasterin2094?A.ThewholeworldbecomesextremelycolD.B.AllthecoastalcitiesinAfricaaredestroyeD.C.Thewholemankindbecomesextinct.D.Thevisitofthecometresultsinwars.2.Whydoestheauthormentiondinosaursattheendofthepassage?A.BecausetheycouldonlyliveinthewarmclimatE.B.Becausetheyoncedominatedtheearth.C.Becausetheirextinctionindicatesfuturedisasters.D.BecausedinosaursandhumansneverliveinthesameagE.3.Inwritingthepassagetheauthorintendsto_______.A.giveanaccuratedescriptionofthepossibledisasterinthefutureB.provethathumanswillsoonerorlaterbedestroyedC.tellthehistoricaldevelopmentoftheEarthD.warnofapossibledisasterinthefuture4.Itcanbeconcludedthatthepassageismostprobablypartofan________.A.horrorstoryB.newsreportC.researchpaperD.articleofpopularscience

ProbablyyouhaveseenphotosoftheGrandCanyon峡谷thegreatvalleyinthedesertcountryofArizonA.Butyoumustgothereyourselftofeelitstruesizeandbeauty.TheGrandCanyonisoneofthegreatestnaturalwondersoftheworldTheColoradoRiverformedtheGrandCanyonovermillionsofyears.Slowlytherivercutdownthroughhardrock.Atthesametimethelandwasrising.Todaythecanyonis1.5kilometersand445kilometerslong.Theoldestrocksatthebottomofthecanyonaremorethan1billionyearsolD.Thewidthvariesfromabout200metersto29kilometersacross.Therimortopofthecanyonisabout2300metersabovesealevelontheSouthRimandabout3000metersontheothersidE.Asaresulttherearedifferentkindsofplantsandanimalsonoppositesidesofthecanyon.TheSouthRimisdrydesertcountry.TheNorthRimhastallforests.Thecanyonlooksdifferentatdifferenttimesofdayandindifferentseasonsandweather.Atsunriseandsunsettheredgoldbrownandorangecolorsoftherocksareespeciallyclearandbright.Inwinterthecanyonispartlycoveredwithsnow.TheviewfromtheSouthRimoftheGrandCanyonisthebest.Mostvisitorscomehereandstayincampgroundsorhotels.Everypointalongthecanyon’sedgeoffersadifferentview.TheNorthrimoftheCanyonisquieter.IttakesalldaytodrivetherefromtheSouthRimbecausethereisonlyonebridgeacrosstheColoradoRiver.OnthewayyougothroughNavadoIndianlandsandacolorfulpinkdesertcalledThePaintedDesert.11.ThebestwaytofeelthetruebeautyoftheGrandCanyonisto________.A.seeitsphotographsB.listentothereportaboutitC.watchitsintroductiononTVD.gothereyourselfandvisitit12.Accordingtothesecondparagraph________.theGrandCanyonhasashorthistoryB.itssizeneverchangedinthehistoryC.theGrandCanyonwasformedbytheearthquakeD.Youcanenjoydifferentsceneryondifferentsidesofthecanyon13.Thescenethecanyonis________.variousdependingondifferenttimeandplacesthesamevariousdependingondifferenttimevariousdependingondifferentplaces14.IfyouwanttovisittheNorthRimfromtheSouthRimyou________.cangothereinmanydirectionswon’tspendmuchtimeonthewaycanvisitThepaintedDesertonthewayneedn’tgoacrossanybridges15.IfyouwanttohaveavisittotheGrandCanyonyou’dbettergoto_______.A.theNorthRimB.theSouthRimC.thebottomD.NavadoIndianLands

Youcannotseeanyobjectunlesslightfromthatobjectgetsintoyoureyes.Someofthethingsyouseegiveofflightoftheirown.Thesunthestarsalightedlampareexamplesthatcanbessenbytheirownlight.Suchthingsareluminous.Mostofthethingsyouseearenotgivingofflightoftheirown.Theyaresimplyreflectinglightthatfallsonthemfromthesunorsomeotherluminousbodies.Thenmoonforexampledoesnotgiveoffanylightofitsown.Itisnon-luminous.Youseeitbecausesunlightfallsonitandsomeofitreflectsinyourdirection.Somoonlightisonlysecondhandsunlight.Whenyoulookatabookitsendsyoureyessomeofthelightthatfallsonitandyouseethebook.Iflightcouldbekeptoutfromwhereyouaresothattherewouldbenolightforthebooktoreflectthenyoucouldnotseethebookevenwithyoureyeswideopen.Lighttravelssofastthatthetimeinwhichittravelsfromthebookyouarereadingtoyoureyesissoshortasifittooknotimeatall.Lightreachesusformthemoonwhichisabout380000kilometersawayinonlyalittlemorethanaseconD.Youcanseethebookbecause___________.A.youreyesareclosetoit.B.itreflectslightC.ithaslightofitsownD.youreyescangettoitThewordreflectsmeans____________.A.throwsbackB.takesbackC.givesoffD.sendsout___________havelightoftheirwon.A.thesunandthemoonB.ThestarsandtheearthC.ThesunandthestarsD.Themoonandtheearth

Thesunissettingonasummernight.Attheentrancetoadeepdarkcaveafewbatsflyouthighupintotheair.Moreandmoreofthesmallcreaturesappear.Withinafewminutesawholeriverofbatsispouringoutofthecaveandtheykeepcomingmillionsandmillionsofthem.Soundslikeascaryhorrormovie?BelieveitornotthisscenetakesplaceeverynightallsummerlongatBrackenCaveinTexaswhere20millionbatsflyoutsidetofeedoninsects.EveryMarchorAprilMexicanfree-tailedbatsflyupto1000milesfromtheirwinterhomeinMexicotothiscavewheretheyraisetheiryoung.Soonaftertheyarriveeachmothergivesbirthtoababy.Asmanyas500babybatscrowdintoonesquarefootofspacE.AllthosebadiescreatenicewarmtemperaturestokeepthemcomfortablE.Ifyou’veeverlostsightofyourparentsonacrowdedplaygroundyoumaybewonderinghowmotherbatsrecognizetheirbabies.TheyusetheirsenseofsmelltorecognizetheirownbabieswhenitistimeforthebabiestonursE.Thecaveaquietplaceinwinterfilledwithlifeallsummer.Batpoopcalledguanosooncoversthefloorprvidingfoodfortinyorganisms微生物.Andthencomethebugs.Kennedysaysyouwalkinwithyourheadlightonandthefloorofthecaveisfullofbugs.Insectsareflyingaroundandbectles甲虫moveslowlyupyoulegs!Whentheadultbatsleavethecaveatnightoffeedtheyarehelpinghumans.Theyeattonsofinsectsinasinglenightincludingmanypeststhateatfarmer’scrops.Andtheygetridofmosquitoestoo.Whentwentymillionbatsflyoutofonecaveopeningtheymakeacolumnsothickthattheyshowuponradaratthenearbyairport.Itcantakethreehoursforallofthembetocomeout.53.Mexicanfree-taledbatsflytoTexaxeveryMarchorAprilbecause________.A.theycanfindlotsoffoodB.thecaveisbiggerC.theygivebirthtobabybatsD.theycanprotectthecrops54.Themotherbatfindsitsbabyby________.A.smellingB.hearingC.touchingD.watching55.Theunderlinedwordpoopprobablymeans________.A.bodyB.wasteC.foodD.cave56.Whhichofthefollowingisright?A.Asmanyas500babybatscrowdintoonecavE.B.It’seasyforallthebatstogetoutofthecavequickly.C.AmotherbatwillbearatleastonebabybatatatimE.D.Batseatmanycroppestsandmosquitoes.

DBeyondtwoorthreedaystheworld’sbestweatherforecastsaredoubtfulandbeyondsixorseventheyareworthless.TheButterflyEffectisthereason.Forsmallpiecesofweather—toaglobalforecastersmallcanmeanthunder—stormsandblizzards暴风雪—anypredictionbecomesworserapidly.Errorsanduncertaintiesincreasefromdustdevilsandstormsuptocontinent-sizeeddies旋涡thatonlysatellitescanseE.Themodernweathermodelsworkwithnet-likepointssixtymilesapartandevensosomestartingdatahavetobeguessedsincegroundstationsandsatellitescannotseeeverywherE.Butsupposetheearthcouldbecoveredwithsensorsplacedonefootapartrisingatone-footintervalsallthewaytothetopoftheatmospherE.Supposeeverysensorgivesperfectlyaccuratereadingsoftemperaturepressurehumidity温度andanyotherdataaweathermanwouldwant.Exactlyatnoonapowerfulcomputertakesallthedataandcalculateswhatwillhappenateachpointat12.01then12.02then12.03thecomputerwillstillbeunabletopredictwhetherPrincetonwillhavesunorrainonemonthaway.Atnoonthespacesbetweenthesensorswillhidefluctuations波动thatthecomputerwillnotknowabout.By12.01thosefluctuationswillalreadyhavecreatedsmallerrorsonefootaway.Soontheerrorswillhaveaddedtotheten-footscaleandsoonuptothesizeoftheglobE.63.Aweatherforecast____________intheworlD.A.isreliablewithinoneortwodaysB.isdoubtfulbeyond24hoursC.becomesuselessbeyondtwoorthreedaysD.isstillworthwhileinsevendays64.Usuallythereisaweathersub-station____________.A.ineverycityB.every60milesC.betweentwocitiesD.everyonefoot65.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueA.PeoplehavenotplacedsensorsonefootapartintheatmospherE.B.ScientistshavealreadyputsensorsonefootapartintheworlD.C.Everysensorgivesperfectlyaccuratedataaweathermanwants.D.Groundweatherstationsandsatellitescanseeeveryplaceonearth.66.Ourcomputerwillnotbeabletoknowaboutfluctuationsbecause____________.A.thesensorsarenotgoodenoughB.theyarehiddenbythespacesbetweenthesensorsC.theyaretoofarawayD.theymoveveryfast

DianeArbusisknownforcreatingintenseblackandwhitephotographsofveryunusualpeoplE.Sheusedaspecialcamerathatproducedsquareshapedimages.OneartexpertsaidDianeArbusturnedphotographyinsideout.Insteadoflookingathersubjectsshemadethemlookather.DianeArbuswasbornin1923toawealthyfamilyinNewYorkCity.Afterfinishinghighschoolattheageof18DianemarriedAllanArbus.Mr.Arbusworkedintheadvertisingdepartmentofherfather’sstorE.ItwasMr.ArbuswhogaveDianeherfirstcamerA.DianesoondecidedtotakeaclasswiththefamousphotographerBereniceAbbott.TheArbuseseventuallystartedtakingphotographsofclothing.TheseimageswereusedasadvertisementsforDiane’sfather’sstorE.AfterthebirthoftheirdaughterDoontheArbusesstartedabusinesstogether.Theirpurposewastophotographclothingfashions.DianeArbuswasthestylist.ShewouldpreparethehairandfacesofthefashionmodelswhoworetheclothingbeingphotographeD.AllanArbustookthepictures.ThecouplesoonhadjobsfromimportantfashionmagazinessuchasVogueandHarper’sBazaar.Theirworkwasverysuccessfulduringthe1950s.TheybecamepartofagroupofartiststhatwerehelpingtoredefinevisualculturE.Theywerebreakingwithpasttraditionstocreateanewlookforanewdecadethesixties.ButDianewasnotsatisfiedwithhersecondaryrolE.Shewantedamoreactivepartinmakingphotographs.Shewantedtoexploreherownartisticexpressionandfreedom.TodothisshestoppedworkingwithherhusbanD.ThenshestartedtakingphotographyclassesattheNewSchoolinNewYorkCity.Arbus’teacherLisetteModelinfluencedherinmanyways.SheshowedDianehowtouseacameralikeanexpert.ShealsotaughtDianetouseherarttofaceherdoubtsandfears.MissModeloncesaidthatDianesoonstartednotlisteningtomebutsuddenlylisteningtoherself.DianeArbusgotherfirstcamera______.A.fromherfatherB.fromherhusbandC.inashopD.intheadvertisingdepartmentWhydidtheArbusesstartabusinesstogether?A.Tofilmclothingfashions.B.Tomaketheirdaughterhappy.C.Toprovethemselves.D.TomakefriendswithmorepeoplE.TheArbuses______inthe1950saccordingtothepassagE.A.wereinchargeofVogueB.earnedmorethanotherartistsC.wererecognizedasgreatartistsD.wereproudoftheirachievementsWecanlearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat______.A.DianewashardtodealtwithB.DianecaremoreforfreedomC.DianewastiredofworkingwithhusbandD.DianelearnedmorefromLisetteModel

BPeoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformeD.ItisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnotorwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitivE.Socialscientistsareofcourseextremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.TherearenoclearanswersyetbuttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedevelopeD.Asonemightexpectthetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromoneanotherandthereisagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversyisoftenreferredtoasnature/nurture.Thosewhosupportthenaturesideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittleifanythingtodowithourabilitiescharacteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextremethistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchadegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.Proponentsofthenurturetheoryorastheyareoftencalledbehavioristsclaimedthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.AbehavioristB.F.Skinnerseeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Thebehaviorists’viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;theymaintainthatlikemachineshumans’respondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.Eitherofthesetheoriescannotyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infactitisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.69.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldthesupportersofthenaturetheoryagreewith?A.Aperson’sinstinctshavelittleeffectonhisactions.B.Environmentisimportantindeterminingaperson’sbehaviorandpersonality.C.Biologicalreasonshaveastronginfluenceonhowweact.D.Thebehaviorists’viewcorrectlyexplainshowweact.70.Concerningthenature/nurturecontroversythewriterofthisarticle____________.A.supportsthenaturetheoryB.supportsthenurturetheoryC.believesbotharecompletelywrongD.thinksthatthecorrectexplanationofhumanbehaviorwilltakeideasfromboththeories.71.IntheUnitedStatesBlackpeopleoftenscorebelowWhitepeopleonintelligencetests.WiththisinmindwhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.NatureproponentswouldsaythatWhitesaregeneticallysuperiortoBlacks.B.SupportersofthenaturetheorywouldsaythatWhitesscorewellbecausetheyhaveasuperiorenvironment.C.BehavioristswouldsaythatBlacksoftenlacktheeducationalandenvironmentaladvantagesthatWhitesenjoy.D.NurtureproponentswoulddisagreethatBlacksarebiologicallyinferiortoWhites.

Thephysicalmemorydump电脑死机errorisabigproblemthataffectseventhemostadvancedcomputersystems.Althoughit'squitearareerrorit'soneofthemoststoppingwhatyou'redoingandrestartingyourcomputer—makingyouloseallyourunsaveddatA.Thisisabigproblembutthereisactuallyaveryeasywaytofixit.Therearetworeasonswhythephysicalmemorydumphappens.Thefirstisprettysimpleandistodowiththehardwareandifanyofthesepiecesarenotfitforyoursystemitwillcausethephysicalmemorydump.Soifyou'verecentlyaddedanyhardwaretoyourPCthentakethatoutandseeifitworks.Theotherreasonisyoursystemtheregistry.Theregistryisabigdatabase数据库thatoperatesinthebackgroundofWindowsstoringallsortsofsettingsandinformationaboutyourPC.Theproblemwiththeregistryisthatsinceithassomanyimportantfilesinsideit'sconstantlygothundredsoffilesopeneverytimeyouuseyourPC.AndbecausetherearesomanyfilestoopenatonceWindowsisconstantlygettingconfusedleadingittosavemanyofthesefilesinthewrongway.ThesefilesgowrongwhensavedwronglymakingthemdifficultforyourcomputertoreaD.Howeverifitcan'treadthefilesatallithasnochoicebuttostopeverythingit'sdoingandrestartyourPC.Thisiswhythephysicalmemorydumperrorappearssoeasily—becausewhenaregistryfileissowrongthatitcan'tbereadyourcomputerneedstorefreshitselfimmediately.ThislatterreasonforcausingthephysicalmemorydumpisactuallyextremelycommonandthelikelihoodisthatyourPCissufferingfromitifyou'reseeingthiserror.Luckilyit'salsoincrediblyeasytofix—youjustneedtouseasoftwaretoolcalledaregistrycleanertogothroughtheregistryandfixalltheproblemsintherE.72.Fromthetextwecaninferthat________.A.thedumperroroftenhappenstoyourPCB.thedumpcanbedealtwitheasilyC.onlytheadvancedcomputerssuffersfromtheerrorD.thedumperrorcancausethedatainyourPCtobelost73.ThereasonthatyourPChasthedumperroristhat___________.A.thethehardwarelosesitsmemoryB.yourWindowsneedstobeupgradedC.youhavesavedwrongfilesinthePCD.youhavestoredtoomanyfilesinthePC.74.What’sproblemwiththeregistrywhenyourPCgoeswrong?A.Theregistercan’treadthefilescorrectly.B.Itmustopen100fileseverytimeyouuseyourPC.C.Theregisterdoesn’tagreewiththedatabasE.D.TheregistermustsavemanyimportantfilesinsidE.75.Whatdoesaregistrycleanermeans?A.AsoftwarwhichcanhelpyousavetimE.B.AsoftwarewhichcanremoveunnecessaryfilesC.AsoftwarewhichcanrepairthemachinE.D.asoftwarewhichmakesyourPCdown.

DA.teamofscientistsprovedthatsealshadaverygoodsenseofhearing.Thesementrainedblindsealstoexpectfoodwhentheyheardsounds.Thesealsalwaysbegansnapping猛咬whenastrongsignalwassoundeD.ItwasprovedthatevenasoftsignalaconsiderabledistanceawaycouldmaketheseseaanimalsresponD.Thatshouldmakethefishermanwhomakesmuchnoisewhileworkingortalksloudlystartthinking.Thesameteamofscientistsalsotrainedsealstorecognizedifferentsounds.Onebell-tonemeantfoodtwobell-tonesmeantnofooD.Inthebeginningthesealsmademistakeswhenthetwobell-tonesweresoundeD.TheyweregivenalighttapaftereachmistakE.Thesealsweregoodlearners.Theyeasilylearnedtotellthedifferencebetweenthesounds.67.Whywasitnecessarytouseblindseals?Becausethey______.A.wereunabletousesightforcluesB.hadbetterhearingC.werewaitingtobefedD.weretheonlyanimalstobefound68.Tothosesealsstrongsignalmeant_____.A.snappingB.nothingC.foodD.alighttap69.Thearticledoesn’tsaydirectlybutsuggeststhatfishermenusuallythink______.A.sealshavenogoodsenseofhearingB.sealshavegoodsenseofhearingC.sealscanonlyrecognizebellsoundsD.sealscannothearsoftorlongdistantsounds70.Whichtitlewillbethebesttosuitthearticle?A.CleverSealsB.SmartLearnersC.AnUnderwaterSchoolD.AnUnknownSchool

TheteagardensinSriLankaareactuallylargeestates种植园.Thebestteausuallycomesfromplantsgrownonhighgroundsthecoolhilltopswithrowsandrowsofteaplants.Theplantsareaboutonemetreapart.Theplantisoftenprunedsothatitremainsonly60to90centimetreshigh.Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershootsoryoungleaves.Itisfromtheseshootsthatthebestteaisgot.Practicallyalltheteapickersarewomen.Theestatesprefertoemploywomenpickersbecausetheyaremorecareful.Theirthinfingerscaneasilyremovethetwinleavesandnewshootsfromtheplantwhicharethepartsusedforprocessing加工teA.Thepickerscarrylargebasketsintowhichtheythrowtheirpickings.A.skilledworkercanharvestbetween9to14kilogrammesoftealeavesaday.Usuallynewshootscanbepickedfromtheplantsabouteverytenorfifteendays.Processingteashootsintothefamiliardrytealeavesrequiresgreatcareandskill.Therearevariousmethodsofprocessingdependingonthetypeoftearequired.Forblackteatheyounggreenleavesarefirstspreadoutoshelvestodry.Thisprocessremovesmuchofitswaterandtheleavesbecomesoft.Afterthistheleavesarepassedthroughheavyrollers.Thisoperationwillpresstheleavesforjuiceswhichgivetheteabothitscolourandtaste.Thentheleavesarespreadoutonfloorsandlefttoferment发酵underwetconditions.Fermentationdevelopstherichtasteofblacktea.Thefermentedleavesarethendriedwithahot-airbloweruntiltheybecomerolled-upblackleaves.ThefinalstepistosortandgradethembeforetheblackteaisreadyforsaletocountriesallovertheworlD.68.Inthefirstparagraphthewordpruningmeans.A.regularcuttingoftheplantsB.frequentwateringC.regularuseofchemicalsD.growingtheplantshighinthemountain69.Oneofthereasonswhywomenareemployedtodothepickingisthat.A.theyworkharderthanmendointhepickingB.theycanthrowtheirpickingsmoreeasilyintothebasketsC.theirfingersfitthembetterforthejoB.D.theycanmoreeasilyfindthetwinleaves.70.Howmanyprocessingstepsarementionedinthelastparagraph?A.ThreE.B.Four.C.FivE.D.Six.71.Whatisthewriter’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Tointroducevariousmethodsofteaprocessing.B.TopersuadereaderstobuyteafromSriLankA.C.Totellastorythathadhappenedintheteagardens.D.Toinformreadersofteagrowingpickingandprocessing.

Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.A.personwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotseriousbutsometypesaredeadly.ThesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfooD.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.Certainmicroorganisms微生物causemosttypesoffoodpoisoning.Bacteriaandothermicroorganismscanpoisoneggsmeatvegetablesandmanyotherfoods.Afterenteringthebodythesetinylivingthingsrelease释放poisonsthatmakepeoplesick.Somechemicalscanalsocausefoodpoisoning.TheyareoftenaddedtofoodwhileitisbeinggrownprocessedorprepareD.Forexamplemanyfarmersspraychemicalsoncropstokillweedsandinsects.Somepeoplemayhaveabadreactiontothosechemicalswhentheyeatthecrops.SomeplantsandanimalscontainnaturalpoisonsthatareharmfultopeoplE.Theseincludecertainkindsofseafoodgrainsnutsseedsbeansandmushrooms.Whenpeoplehandlefoodproperlytheriskoffoodpoisoningisverysmall.Microorganismsmultiplyrapidlyindirtyplacesandinwarmtemperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshouldnevertouchfoodwithdirtyhandsorputfoodonunwashedsurfaces.Foodshouldbekeptinarefrigeratortostopmicroorganismsfromgrowing.Meatneedstobecookedthoroughlytokillanydangerousmicroorganisms.Peopleshouldalsowashfoodcoveredwithchemicalsbeforeeatingit.FinallypeopleshouldnoteatwildmushroomsorotherfoodsthatgrowinthewilD.Someofthesefoodsmaycontainnaturalmaterialsthatarepoisonoustohumans.Inadditionsometypesoffishcanbepoisonous.Mostpeoplerecoverfromfoodpoisoningafterafewdaysofrestinganddrinkingextrawater.IfpeopleeatnaturalpoisonstheymustgotothehospitalrightawaytohavetheirstomachsemptieD.67.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.68.FoodpoisoningcanbecausedbyallthefollowingEXCEPT________.A.somechemicalsB.lowtemperaturesC.sometinylivingthingsD.certainnaturalmaterials69.FromParagraph5wecanlearnthat______________.A.mushroomsshouldnotbeeatenB.vegetablesaresaferthanmeatandseafoodC.naturalpoisonsaremoredangerousthanchemicalsD.differenttypesoffoodshouldbehandleddifferently70.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____________.A.naturalmaterialsaresafeinfoodprocessingB.chemicalsareneededinfoodprocessingC.foodpoisoningcanbekeptundercontrolD.foodpoisoningisoutofcontrol

Recreationalpursuitscanbeapartofeverydaylife365daysayearinVancouver.WeprovideandmaintainplaygroundssportsfieldsicerinksfitnesscentersindoorandoutdoorpoolsbeachestenniscourtsgolfcoursesskateboardparksandnumerousotherwaysforanyandalltoparticipatE.Knowledgeablestaffworkhardtoprovideleisureactivitiessuitedtopeopleofeveryagecultureandability.Recreationalsomeansour23communitycentersservingallagesandsupportingawiderangeofrecreationalsocialandculturalpursuits.ProgramsincludeaerobicsartsandmanymorE.Communitycentersarecooperativelyoperatedwithpeoplelivingnearbymakingforgoodpartnershipsbetweencitygovernmentanditsresidents.CommunityArtsandCultureBenefitsofRecreationCommunityCentresRecreationProgramsRecreationforAllAccessServicesAdaptedProgramsChildcareDayCampsGetout!YouthInitiativeLeisureAccessCardprogramLACSeniorsProgramsandServicesYouthActivitiesandServicesFormsandSchedulesApplicationFormsforPicnicsandEventsLeisureGuide2008ActivitiesBasketballBeachesFitnessCentreFootballFieldsGetup&Go!Golf/pitch&PuttHorseshoesPitchesIceRinksLacrosseLawnBowlingPicnicSitesPlaygroundsPlayingFieldsRacquet/SquashCourtsRugbyFieldsSwimmingPoolsTennisCourtsVolleyballWadingPools&Water/Spray1.Thisadvertisementisintendedfor____.A.peoplelivinginnearbycitiesB.23communitycentersC.residentsofVancouverD.thegovernmentofVancouver2.FromLeisureGuide2008youmayprobablyfindinformationabout____.A.artsandcultureB.recreationprogramsC.plansandtimetableofdifferentactivitiesD.partnershipsbetweencitygovernmentanditsresidents3.Youwillprobablyclick_____tohelpyourgrandparentsfindsomeleisureactivities.A.SeniorsProgramsandServicesB.FootballFieldsC.RugbyFieldsD.AdaptedPrograms

BTwonewstudiessuggestthatmodernrunningshoescouldincreasetheriskofinjuriestorunners.Onestudyinvolvedsixty-eighthealthyyoungwomenandmenwhoranatleasttwenty-fourkilometersaweek.TherunnerswereobservedonatreadmillmachinE.Sometimestheyworerunningshoes.Othertimestheyranbarefoot.ResearchersfromtheJKMTechnologiesCompanyinVirginiatheUniversityofVirginiaandtheUniversityofColoradodidthestudy.Theyfoundthatrunningshoescreatemorestressthatcoulddamagekneeshipsandanklejointsthanrunningbarefoot.Theyobservedthattheeffectwasevengreaterthantheeffectreportedearlierforwalkinginhighheels.ThestudyappearedintheofficialscientificjournaloftheAmericanAcademyofPhysicalMedicinE.TheotherstudyappearedinthejournalNaturE.ItcomparedrunnersintheUnitedStatesandKenyA.TheresearcherswerefromHarvardUniversityinMassachusettsMoiUniversityinKenyaandtheUniversityofGlasgowinScotlanD.Theydividedtherunnersintothreegroups.Onegrouphadalwaysrunshoeless.Anothergrouphadalwaysrunwithshoes.Andthethirdgrouphadchangedtoshoelessrunning.Runnerswhowearshoesusuallycomedownheelfirst.Thatputsgreatforceonthebackofthefoot.Butthestudyfoundthatbarefootrunnersgenerallylandonthefrontormiddleoftheirfoot.Thatwaytheyeaseintotheirlandingandavoidstrikingtheirheel.Harvard’sDanielLiebermanledthestudy.Hesaysthewaymostrunningshoesaredesignedmayexplainwhythosewhowearthemlandontheirheels.Theheeloftheshoeisbiggerandheavierthanotherpartsoftheshoesoitwouldseemmorelikelytocomedownfirst.Alsotheheelgenerallyhasthickmaterialunderittosoftenlandings.60.Howmanyorganizationsareinvolvedinthetwostudies?A.ThreE.B.Four.C.FivE.D.Six.61.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Mostrunningshoesaredesignedimproperly.B.Thedesignofhighheelsisbetterthanthatofrunningshoes.C.NoonewillrunwithrunningshoesinthefuturE.D.BothofthestudiesaredoneinAmericA.62.Whydorunningshoesincreasetheriskofinjuriestorunners?A.Theycouldcreatestress.B.They’retoobigandheavy.C.TheycanaffectthewaytherunnerslanD.D.Theirheelscansoftenlandings.63.Howdidtheresearchersdothetwostudies?A.Bypractising.B.Bycomparing.C.Byquestioning.D.Byreasoning.

SpecialtreesthatgrowfasterfightpollutionproducebetterwoodandevensensechemicalattacksarebeingplantedbyscientistsintheUS.When40percentofHawaii'sUS$14million-a-yearpapaya木瓜industrywasdestroyedbyavirusfiveyearsagoworkbeganoncreatinggeneticallyengineered转基因的trees.Researcherssuccessfullyintroducedseedsthatweredesignedtoresistthevirus.Sincethenmoreandmorepeoplehavebeentestinggeneticallyengineeredtrees.SomeresearchersputspecialbacteriaintotreestohelpthemgrowfasterandproducebetterwooD.Othersaretryingtocreatetreesthatcancleanpollutedsoil.Meanwhilefruitfarmersarelookingfortreesthatarestrongenoughtoresistwormsandpapercompanieswanttreesthatproducemorewoodandthereforemorepaper.ThePentagon五角大楼evengavetheresearchersUS$500000thisyearaftertheydevelopedapinetreethatchangesitscoloursifitsensesachemicalattack..Sofarthepoplareucalyptus杨树与桉树appleandcoffeetreesareamongthosebeingengineereD.Allthiscanbedonetodaybecausewehaveabetterunderstandingoftreegenomes基因组.Howeversomepeoplefearthatthegeneticallyengineeredtreeswillcausedangerousresults.Theyareworriedthatthenewtreeswillbreedwithnaturalspeciesandchangethebalanceoftheforestenvironment.ItcouldbedestructivesaidJimDiamondanenvironmentalist.Treesarewhatisleftofournaturalenvironmentandhometomanyendangeredspecies.Butresearchersinsistthatsciencecouldgivenatureafightingchanceagainstbothnaturalandman-madedangers.TheyhopetoanswerthecriticsbystoppingthenewtreesfrombreedingsotheireffectontheenvironmentcanbecontrolleD.WhattreesareNOTtheonesthatscientistsareplantingintheUS?A.Treesthatwormscan'thurt.B.Treesthatcanprotectthemselvesatachemicalattack.C.Treesthatcanresistwindbetter.D.Treesthatcanimprovesoilconditions.WhatcausedtheAmericanscientiststoworkonspecialtrees?A.Theythinksciencecouldgivenatureafightingchanceagainstbothnaturalandman-madedangers.B.Greatnumbersoftreeshavebeenlostduetoattacksbyviruses.C.Researcherssuccessfullyintroducedseedsdesignedtoresistthevirus.D.Treegenomesaremappedoutsoscientistsknowhowtoimprovetrees.Whichofthefollowingwasprobablythefirstkindoftreesbeingengineered?A.PapayA.B.PinE.C.ApplE.D.Poplar.Thebesttitleofthepassageis.A.TheimprovementofenvironmentB.Theside-effectsofspecialtreesC.ThedevelopmentofspecialtreesD.theprogramofgeneticallyengineeredtrees

第三部分阅读理解共20小题每小题2分满分40分阅读下列短文从每题所给的四个选项A.B.C.D中选出最佳选项AA.SubwaySuperheroWesleyAutreycan'tflybutheisstillbeingcalledareal-lifeSuperman!Lastweekthebrave50-year-oldrescuedCameronHollopeter20frombeinghitbyatrain.ThetrainwasenteringasubwaystationinNewYorkCity.Theyoungmanhadfallenfromthestation'splatformandontothetraintracksafewfeetbelow.AutreyaconstructionworkerandNavyveteran老兵waswithhistwoyoungdaughterswhenhesawHollopeterfall.Autreymadeaquickdecisionandjumpedontothetracks.HethenrolledhimselfandHollopeterintoagaporopeningbetweentherails.Autreyusedhisownbodytoprotecttheyoungman.Fiveofthetrain’scarspassedoverthetwobeforestoppingcompletely.ThetwomenwerebothunharmeD.Hollopeter’sstepmotherRachelHollopetercalledAutreyanangel.AutreyvisitedtheNewYorkFilmAcademystudentinthehospitalonWednesday.ForhisbraveryAutreywasgivenahero'swelcomeatCityHall.NewYorkCityMayorMichaelBloombergpresentedAutreywiththeBronzeMedallion铜奖章.Itisthecity'’shighestawardforachievementsbyitscitizens.MayorBloombergcalledAudreyagreatman-amanwhomakesusallproudtobeNewYorkers.AftertheceremonyatCityHallalimousine豪华轿车tookAutreytoameetingwithmultimillionairebusinessmanDonaldTrump.TrumpawardedAutreywith$10000.Theheroicfatheralsoreceived$5000fromtheNewYorkFilmAcademyatriptoDisneyWorldandoneyearoffreesubwayrides.Evenafterallthisattention;Autreystilldoesn'tseehimselfasaSuperman.Ididitoutofasplit-secondreactionAutreysaidonCBS'TheEarlyShow.AndifIhadtodoitagainIprobablywoulD.56.WesleyAutreyisstillbeingcalledareal-lifeSupermanbecauseA.hecanrescueanybodyindangerashehastheabilitytoflyB.herescuedayoungmanfrombeinghitbyarunningtrainC.heprotectedhisdaughtersfromharminasubwaystationD.hesucceededinstoppingatrainfromrunningoverapassenger57.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.WhenhesawHollopeterfallWesleyAutreywaswaitingforsomeonealonE.B.WhenhesawHollopeterfallhethoughtoveralongperiodoftimebeforehejumpedontothetracks.C.AfterhesawHollopeterfallhemadeaquickdecisionandpulledtheyoungmanoutofthetrackassoonaspossiblE.D.AfterhesawHollopeterfallhequicklymadeadecisiontoprotectHollopeterfromharm.58.InordertohonorAutrey'sbraveryNewYorkCityMayorMichaelBloomberggaveAutrey_____asarewarD.A.achequeof$10000B.alimousineC.theBronzeMedallionD.achequeof$500059.ItcanbeinferredthatifAutreymetwithanotheraccidentlikethisoneheA.wouldnotdoitagainforhewasafraidoflosinghisownlifeB.woulddoitagainforgettinganotherpieceofBronzeMedallionC.woulddoitagainsoastogetanother15000-dollarchequeasaprizeD.wouldalsodoitoutofhisownconscience

EAstronauts’mealshavecomealongwayfromthefree-driedpowdersandsemi-liquidpastesofdecadesagonowUSscientistswanttogrowvegetablesinmini-greenhousesonthemoon.ScientistssaytheyarelookingforwardtoatimewhenresidentsoffuturelunarorevenMartianoutstepswillbeabletodineonfreshvegetables.ParagonSpaceDevelopmentCorporationhasunveiledwhatitcalledthefirststeptowardgrowingflowers—andeventuallyfood-ohthemoon.Thisisasealedgreenhousethatlookslikeabelljarencasedina46-cmtriangularaluminumframE.Itisdesignedtosafelylandalaboratoryplantonthelunarsurfaceandprotectitwhileitgrows.TheminiaturegreenhouseistobelaunchedintospacebyOdysseyMoonLtdaparticipantintheGoogleLunarXPrizE.Thiscompetitionoffers$20milliontoanyentrantwhocanlaunchhandandoperatearoveronthelunarsurfacE.ParagonofficialssayfuturetestingoftheLunarOasiswillbedrivenbyOdyssey’sflightschedulewhichwillnothappenuntil2012attheearliest.WhenitdoesliftoffthegreenhousewillcontaintheseedsofBrassicaahardyplantrelatedtoBrusselssproutsandcabbagE.BecauseBrassicagoesfromseedtoflowerinjust14daysitcancompleteitslifecycleinsinglelunarnight.ColoizingtheMoonorMarsseemssofarawaybutitisimportantthatwedothisresearchnowParagonpresidentJanePoyntersaiD.IttakesalongtimetogetalotofresearchandtogetintegratedreliableefficientsystemsbeforecolonistsmoveinshesaiD.57.Thearticleiswrittenmainlyto________.A.predicttheastronauts’mealsinthefutureB.introduceanexperimentLunarOasisC.tellusthefuturedevelopmentofastronomyD.focusonthehuman’sgreatprogress58.Thearticleimpliesthat_________.A.astronautscangrowflowersinspaceatpresentB.ParagonandNASAwillcarryoutthetestseparatelyC.LunarOasisisaseriesofexperimentscarriedoutinspaceD.theearliesttestingoftheLunarOasismaybein201259.Theunderlinedwordcolonistsinthelastparagraphprobablyhasthemeaningof________.A.plantsB.wildbeastsC.humanbeingsD.scientists60.TheseesofBrassicawillbecontainedinthegreenhousemainlybecause__________A.theirlifecycleismuchshorterB.theyaremorenutritiousthanotherfoodC.theyarerelatedtoBrusselssporoutsandcabbageD.theyareverydelicious

FaceslikefingerprintsareuniquE.Didyoueverwonderhowitispossibleforustorecognizepeople?Evenaskilledwriterprobablycouldnotdescribeallthefeaturesthatmakeonefacedifferentfromanother.Yetaveryyoungchild---orevenananimalsuchasapigeon---canlearntorecognizefaces.WealltakethisabilityforgranteD.WealsotellpeopleapartbyhowtheybehavE.Whenwetalkaboutsomeone’spersonalitywemeanthewaysinwhichheorsheactsspeaksthinksandfeelsthatmakethatindividualdifferentfromothers.Likethehumanfacehumanpersonalityisverycomplex.Butdescribingsomeone’spersonalityinwordsissomewhateasierthandescribinghisfacE.Ifyouwereaskedtodescribewhatanicefacelookedlikeyouprobablywouldhaveadifficulttimedoingso.Butifyouwereaskedtodescribeanicepersonyoumightbegintothinkaboutsomeonewhowaskindconsideratefriendlywarmandsoforth.Therearemanywordstodescribehowapersonthinksfeelsandacts.GordonanAmericanpsychologistfoundnearly18000Englishwordscharacterizingdifferencesinpeople’sbehavior.Andmanyofususethisinformationasabasisfordescribingortypinghispersonality.Bookwormsconservatives保守派military军人或军事的types---peoplearedescribedwithsuchterms.Peoplehavealwaystriedtotypeeachother.ActorsinearlyGreekdramaworemaskstoshowtheaudiencewhethertheyplayedthevillain’sorthehero’srolE.InfactthewordspersonandpersonalitycomefromtheLatinpersonameaningmask.Todaymosttelevisionandmovieactorsdonotwearmasks.Butwecaneasilytellthegoodguysfromthebadguysbecausethetwotypesdifferinappearanceaswellasinactions.6.Thepassagetellsthereaders______.A.howtodescribepeople’sfacesB.howtodescribepeople’spersonalityC.howtodiffergoodpersonsfrombadonesD.howtodescribepeoplebothinwardandoutward7.Whatisthepossibleroleofthewriter?A.PsychologistB.BehavioristC.WriterD.Sociologist8.Whichofthefollowingisincorrect?A.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferentpersonalities.B.PeopledifferfromeachinappearancE.C.Peoplecandescribeallthefeaturesofothers.D.Peoplecanlearntorecognizefaces.9.Itiseasiertodescribeaperson’spersonalityinwordsthanhisfacebecause______.A.aperson’sfaceismorecomplexthanhispersonalityB.aperson’spersonalityiseasilydistinguishedC.people’spersonalitiesareveryalikeD.manywordsareavailablewhenpeopletrytodescribeone’spersonality10.Peopleclassifyapersonintocertaintypeaccordingto______.A.hiswayofactingandthinkingB.hiswayofspeakingandbehavingC.hislearningandbehaviorD.hisphysicalappearanceandhispersonality

Plantslikeanimalsaresubjecttodiseasesofvariouskinds.Ithasbeenestimatedthatsome30000differentdiseasesattackoureconomicplants;fortyareknowntoattackcornandaboutasmanyattackwheat.Theresultsofuncheckedplantdiseasearealltooobviousincountrieswhichhavemarginalfoodsupplies.TheproblemwillsoonbemorewidespreadasthepopulationoftheworldincreasesatitsfrighteningratE.Evenincountrieswhicharenowamplyfedbytheiragriculturalproductstherecouldsoonbethemajorcrops;theresultingfamines饥荒couldkillmillionsofpeopleandtheresultinghardshiponothermillionscouldcausepoliticalupheavals动乱disastroustotheorderoftheworlD.Someplantshaverelativeimmunitytoagreatmanydiseaseswhileothershaveasusceptibilitytothem.Ablight萎菌病maybebutalocalinfectioneasilycontrolled;ontheotherhanditcanattackparticularplantsinawholeregionornation.AnexampleistheblightwhichkilledvirtuallyeverychestnuttreeinNorthAmericA.AnotheristhefamouspotatoblightinIrelandinthelastcentury.Asaresultofthatitwasestimatedthatonemillionpeoplediedofstarvationandrelatedailments.Plantpathologistshavemaderemarkablestridesinidentifyingthepathogensofthevariousdiseases.Bacteriamayinvadeaplantthroughaninfestationofinsectparasitescarryingthepathogen.Aplantcanalsobeinoculatedbyman.Otherdiseasesmightbecausedbyfunguswhichattackstheplantintheformofamodelorsmutorrust.FrequentlysuchaprimaryinfectionwillweakentheplantsothatasecondaryinfectionmayresultformitslackoftolerancE.Thesymptoms症状shownmaycauseanerrorindiagnosissothattreatmentmaybedirectedtowardbacteria细菌whichcouldbetheresultofasusceptibilitycausedbyaprimaryvirusinfection.Howmanydiseasesareknowntoattackwheat?A.Around30000B.FortyC.Around29960D.Around40Uncheckedplantdiseasewon'tresultin_______.A.foodshortagesinpoorcountryB.foodshortagesinrichcountryC.increaseofworldpopulationD.disasterinworldpoliticsWhatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?A.Someplantshaverelativeimmunitytoagreatmanydiseases.B.Someotherplantshaveasusceptibilitytoagreatmanydiseases.C.ThetoleranceofaparticularplantchangesasthegrowingconditionschangE.D.Ablightcanbeanationalinfection.Accordingtothepassagesomeplantdiseasescan__________.A.infectpeopleB.bepreventedbyinoculation接种疫苗C.bepreventedbykillinginsectsD.bepreventedbyimprovingthegrowingconditionsWhichofthefollowingwon’tcauseplantdisease?A.FungusB.MoldC.SmutD.Rust

SpecialBridgesHelpAnimalsCrosstheRoad--ReportedbySheilaCarrickWhydidthechickencrosstheroad?TogettotheothersidE.MostpeopleknowthisjokE.ButrecentlysomepeoplehavebeenmuchmoreconcernedwithhowthegrizzlybearandmountainlioncancrosstheroaD.MillionsofanimalsdieeachyearonU.S.roadstheFederalHighwayAdministrationreports.Infactonlyabout80ocelotsanendangeredwildcatexistintheU.S.today.Themainreason?Roadkill.Ecopassagesmayhelpanimalscrosstheroadwithoutbeinghitbycars.Theyarepathsbothoverandunderroads.TheseecopassagescanbeextremelyusefulsothatwildlifecanavoidhumanconflictssaidJodiHiltyoftheWildlifeConservationSociety.Butdoanimalsactuallyusetheecopassages?Theanswerisyes.PaulBeierofNorthernArizonaUniversityfoundfootmarksleftbymountainlionsonanecopassagethatwentunderahighway.ThisshowedthatthelionusedthepassagE.Buildersofsomeecopassagestrytomakethemlooklikeanaturalpartofanareabyplantingtreesonandaroundthem.Animalsseemtobecatchingon.Animalsasdifferentassalamandersandgrizzlybearsareusingthebridgesandunderpasses.ThenexttimeyouvisitaparkordrivethroughanareawithalotofwildlifelookarounD.Youmightseeananimaloverpass!Thewriterusestheexampleofocelotstoshowthat_________.A.wildanimalshavebecomemoredangerousB.thedrivingconditionshaveimprovedgreatlyC.themeasureforprotectingwildlifefailstoworkD.anincreasingnumberofanimalsarekilledinroadaccidentsFromthenewsstoryweknowanecopassageis_________.A.anundergroundpathforcarsB.afencebuiltforthesafetyoftheareaC.abridgeforanimalstogetoverariverD.apassforanimalstocrosstheroadWhenthewritersaysthatanimalsseemtobecatchingonhemeans_________.A.animalsbegintorealizethedangersontheroadB.animalsbegintolearntouseecopassagesC.animalsarecrossingtheroadingroupsD.animalsareincreasinginnumberThewriterasksvisitorsanddriverstolookaroundwhentravelingbecause_________.A.wildanimalsmayattackcarsB.wildanimalsmayjamtheroadC.theymayseewildanimalsintheparkD.theymayseewildanimalsonecopassages

Yoga瑜伽isanancientpracticethathelpscreateasenseofunioninbodymindandspirit.ItbringsusbalancE.Afteralongtimeofpracticeyogayounolongerjustpracticeit—youloveit.YogabecomespartofyourphysicallifE.Yourbodygrowsstrongermoretoned有弹性的andmoreflexibleasyoumovefromoneposetoanother.IspentaweekinMexicoatayogaretreatanditwasthefirstvacationonwhichIlostweight.RatherthanbuildingmusclesyogabuildsmuscletonesaysShaktaKaurKhalsaauthorofKISSGuidetoYogA.Becauseyogahelpsmaintainabalancedmetabolism新陈代谢anditalsohelpstocontrolweight.Additionallyyogastretchesmuscleslengthwisecausingfataroundthecellsdisappearthuslosingweight.Idoyogaposesthroughouttheday.AfterhoursatmycomputerIstretchmystiffshouldersandarms.WhenIneedanincreaseinenergyIdoenergizingposes.WhenIamfeelingexhaustedattheendofthedayIdorestorative恢复体力的poses.YogabecomespartofyourmentallifE.Yogateachesyoutofocusonbreathingwhileyouholdtheposes.Thisattentiontobreathiscalming;itdissolves使消除stressandanxiety.Iuseyogicbreathingonthetenniscourtinthedentist’schairandwhenI’mstuckintraffiC.YoushouldalwaysleaveayogapracticefeelingenergizedbutnottireD.Ifyoufeeltiredafteryogaitmeansyouspentthetimefightingyourselftryingtoforceyourselfintoposes.Inyogayousurrendertotheposesbylettinggoofthetension.64.Whatwillbetalkedaboutifthispassagecontinues?A.YogaisbecomingpartofyourspirituallifE.B.YogaisbecomingpopularallovertheworlD.C.ThedisadvantagesofyogA.D.EncouragingpeopletodoyogA.65.Accordingtothesecondparagraphyogacanhelppeople___.A.growtallB.loseweightC.beflexibleinthinkingD.makefriends66.Whydoesapersonfeeltiredafteryoga?A.Becausewhenpracticingyogapeoplewillconsumealotofenergy.B.Becauseheorshesurrenderstotheposesbylettinggoofthetension.C.Becauseyogadoesn’tbenefitallthepeoplE.D.Becauseheorshedoesn’tdoyogaposesnaturally.67.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.What’syoga?B.HowdoIdoyogaposes?C.ThebenefitsofyogA.C.ThevarietiesofyogA.

DYou’veprobablyheardofthebutterflyeffectthatsmallchangesinoneplacecanleadtogreatdamageelsewherE.TheToyStoryIIMade-in-ChinaappearingontheinternetTVscreensandfrontpagesofnewspapersworldwidesinceAugustwasaliveshow.China’sfameastheworld’sfactorywasbadlydamagedthissummerbyasmallbutpowerfulmagnet磁铁andcolorfulpaintsontoys.Matteltheworld’slargesttoycompanyintheUSonAugust14announcedthebiggestrecall召回oftoysinitshistory.Amongtherecalledproductswere17.4milliontoysthathadadesignproblem.TheycontainedasmallpowerfulmagnetthatcouldharmchildrenifitwasswalloweD.Another2.2milliontoyswererecalledbecauseofimpermissiblelevelsoflead铅intheirpaint.AlthoughthedesigningproblemhasnothingtodowithwherethetoysweremadethereportsinthewesternmediaoftherecallstartedtodrawahorriblepictureinmanyAmericanparent’sminds.ThetoyrecallissuefollowedshortlyafterrecallsearlierintheyearofChinese-madepetfoodandtoothpasteandleftusersallovertheworldworriedaboutbuyinganythinglabeled贴上标签Made-in-China.TherecallofthetoysteachesChinesecompaniesthatqualityisextremelyimportant.HowevermanyofthecomplaintsbywesterncountriesaboutChinesegoodsreflectcomplicatedfeelingsaboutthegrowingChineseeconomyculturedifferencesandvariouspoliticalsystems.Howevermorethan100USmultinationalcompaniesfrommanyindustriesincludingBoeingandMicrosoftsignedalettertotheUSCongressonSeptember28tosaynototheproposalagainstChinA.Imposing加强unfairbarrierstotradeinthenameofproductsafetyisnotasolutionthecompanieswrotE.Toysaremadeforchildrentolearnabouttherealityworldandbecomemoremature成熟howevertheChineseversionofToyStoryhelpslotsofadultslearnaboutresponsibilityimportanceofqualityunderstandingcommunicationsandmorE.53.Theauthormentionsthebutterflyeffectatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.explainwhatthebutterflyeffectisB.tellthereaderswhatcausesthebutterflyeffectC.saythatthetoyeffectissimilartothebutterflyeffectD.comparethedifferencesbetweenthebutterflyeffectandthetoyeffect54.Whichofthefollowingarethereasonsmentionedtohavecausedtherecall?A.Thepictureonthetoys.B.Thedesigningproblem.C.Thecolorfulpaintsontoys.D.Thematerialstoysaremadeof.E.Thesmallpowerfulmagnetontoys.A.abeB.bdeC.bceD.acd55.BoeingandMicrosoftsignedalettertotheUSCongressbecause______.A.thegrowingChineseeconomymakesthemafraidB.theChinesecompanieshaverealizedtheimportanceofqualityC.theToyStoryhasmadesomeChinesecompaniessuffergreatlossesD.theythinkit’sunfairtoimposebarriersinthenameofproductsafety56.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.MadeinChinA.B.ButterflyEffect.C.WesternMediA.D.ToyStory.

Playisthebasicbusinessofchildhoodandinrecentyearsresearchhasshownthegreatimpor??tanceofplayinthedevelopmentofahumanbeing.Fromearliestinfancy婴儿everychildneedsopportunityandtherightmaterialsforplayandthemaintoolsofplayaretoys.Themainfunctionoftoysistosuggestencourageandplay.Tosucceedinthistheymustbegoodtoyswhichchildrenwillplaywithoftenandwillcomebacktoagainandagain.Thereforeitisimportanttochoosesuit??abletoysfordifferentstagesofachild’sdevelopment.Inrecentyearsresearchoninfantdevelopmenthasshownthatthestandardachildislikelytoreachwithintherangeofhisinherited遗传的abilitiesislargelydeterminedinthefirstthreeyearsofhislifE.Soababy’sabilitytobenefitfromtherightplaymaterialsshouldnotbeunderestimateD.A.babywhoisencouragedtalkedtoandshownthingsandplayedwithhasthebestchanceofgrowingupsuccessfully.Inthenextstagefromthreetofiveyearsoldcuriosityknowsnobounds.Everytypeofsuitabletoysshouldbemadeavailabletothechildfortryingoutexperimentingandlearningfordiscoveringhisownparticularability:Bricksandjigsaws七巧板andconstructiontoys;paintingscribbling涂鸦andmakingthings;sandandwaterplay;toysforimaginativeandpretendingplay—thefirstso??cialgamesforlearningtoplayandgetonwithothers.Butatthethirdstageofplaydevelopment—fromfivetosevenoreightyearsold—thechildisatschool.Butforafewmoreyearsplayisstillthebestwayoflearningathomeoratschool.Itiseasiertoseewhichtypeoftoysthechildmostenjoys.UntiltheageofsevenoreightplayandworkmeanmuchthesametoachilD.Butoncereadinghasbeenmasteredthenbooksbecomethemainsourceoflearning.Toysarestillinterestingandval??uablewhichleaduptonewhobbiesbuttheirsignificancehaschanged—toachildofnineortenyearsoldtoysandgamesmeanastoadultsrelaxationandfun.1.accordingtothefirstpassageweknowthatasachildgrowsup________.A.heshouldbeallowedtochoosehisowntoysB.heshouldbegiventhesametoysC.heshouldbegivendifferenttoysD.heshouldbegivenfewerandfewertoys2.accordingtothepassagetheabilitiesachildhasinheritedfromhisparents________.A.determinehischaracterB.willnotchangeaftertheageofthreeC.partlydeterminethestandardheislikelytoreachD.toalargeextentdeterminethechoiceoftoys3.Welearnfromthepassagethatachildhasboundlesscuriosity________.A.whenheistwoB.whenheisaroundfourC.whenheissixD.whenheiseight4.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.theimportanceofpre-schooleducationB.theimportanceofschoolingC.theroleofplayinachild’sdevelopmentD.thechoiceoftoysforyoungster

Howoftendoyouuseyourcar?Canyouuseyourcarlessoften?DoyouknowthefollowingfactsintheUK???About50%ofallcarjourneysarejustforfun.??Over80%peoplegotoworkbycar.??25%carjourneysareundertwomiles.??70%carjourneysareunderfivemiles.WALKING&CYCLINGInsteadofusingthecarforshortjourneyswhynotwalkorrideabicycle?Walkingisamostpopularformofexercise—it’shealthyanditcansaveyoumoney.Ifyouworknearbytrywalkingorcyclinginsteadofdriving.WalkingyourchildrentoschoolgivesthemvaluableroadexperiencE.BUSESBuscompaniesareusingnewbuses:somerunonnewfuelswhichproducelesspollution;somehaveeasieraccessfordisabledandoldpeoplE.Therearespecialtrafficlanes行车道tomakebusjourneyseasierandmorereliablE.Sodosomethingtohelpsolvethepollutionproblem—letthebustakeyoutoworkandyourchildrentoschool.TRAINSAllcarjourneyslongorshortcanbehardwork.Forsometripsitiswisertotakethetrain.Leaveyourcarathomeandwalkcycleortakeabustoandfromthestation.TraintravelisfastsafeandcomfortablE.Trainticketsarenotalwaysexpensive;somearequitecheapatdiscount.Thewriterbelievesthat________cangivechildrenvaluableroadexperiencE.A.walkingtoschoolB.travellingbytrainC.takingnewfuelbusesD.havingcarjourneysforfunWhatdoesthewriterthinkoftravellingbytrain?A.Tiring.B.ComfortablE.C.Exciting.D.Awful.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Toadvisepeopletousecarslessoften.B.Toencouragepeopletotravelbytrain.C.Toteachpeoplehowtousethebuses.D.Totellpeopletoobeytrafficrules.

TimeisaproblemforchildrenstatesanewsreportforanewSwisswatch.Childreninsomecountrieslearntimeslowlybecausetheydon’twearwatchesandparentsdon’treallyknowhowtoteachthemtimE.Thechildrengrowupwiththishandicapandbecomeadults成人—andthencan’tgettoworkontimE.Isthereananswertothisproblem?Ofcourse—it’stheFlikFlakmadebyafamousSwisswatchcompany.TheFlikFlakisbeingmarketedassomethingteachingwatchforchildrenaged4to10.Thewatchitselfdoesnotteachchildrenhowtotelltimeofcourse;itmerelytakestheirimaginationbypresentingthehourhandasabeautifulredgirlnamedFlakandtheminutehandasatallblueboynamedFlik.FlikpointstorelatedblueminutesonthedialwhileFlakpointstoredhournumbers.ThecharactersandcolorscombinedwithparentalhelparesupposedtoteachyoungchildrenhowtotelltimE.Thewatchcomesequippedwithastandardbattery电池andanylonband尼龙表带.PeterLipkintheUnitedStatessalesmanagerfortheFlikFlakcallsitchildproofifitgetsdirtyyoucanthrowthewholewatchinthewashingma??chinE.TheproductisbeingsoldinselectdepartmentstoresinEuropeAsiaandtheUnitedStatesforasuggestedpriceof$25.Parentswhobuythewatchmaydiscoverthatitisonethingtotelltime;it’squiteanotherforthemtobeontimE.1.Fromthenewsreportweknowthat______.A.parentsarepatientwhenteachingchildrentimeB.parentshavelittleideaofhowtoteachchildrentimeC.childrenarelikelytolearntimequicklyD.childrenenjoywearingtheFlikFlakwatch2.Theauthordoesn’tseemtobelieve______.A.childrenwillbeontimeiftheyhavelearnthowtotelltimeB.aFlikFlakcanhelpparentsteachtheirchildrenhowtotelltimeC.theFlikFlakcantakechildren’simaginationD.childrenusuallyhavetroubletellingtimeiftheydon’twearwatches3.TheunderlinedwordhandicapinParA.1meansA.displeasureB.discouragementC.disappointmentD.disadvantage4.TheUnitedStatesalesmanagercallsthenewwatchchildproofbecause______.A.itisdesignedtoteachchildrentobeontimeB.itprovestobeeffectiveinteachingchildrentimeC.itismadesoasnottobeeasilydamagedbychildrenD.itisthechildren’sfavoritewatch

WildanimalsseemtohaveescapedtheIndianOceantsunami海啸addingweighttoideastheypossessasixthsensefordisastersexpertssaidonThursday.SriLankawildlifeofficialshavesaidthegiantwavesthatkilledover24000peoplealongtheIndianOceanisland’scoastseeminglymissedwildbeastswithnodeadanimalsfounD.Noelephantsaredeadnotevenadeadhareorrabbit.Ithinkanimalscansensedisaster.TheyhaveasixthsensE.TheyknowwhenthingsarehappeningH.D.RatnayakedeputydirectorofSriLanka’sWildlifeDepartmentsaidonWednesday.Thewaveswashedfloodwatersupto3km2milesinlandatYalaNationalParkinthesoutheastSriLanka’sbiggestwildlifereserveandhometohundredsofwildelephants.Therehasbeenalotofevidenceaboutdogsbarkingorbirdsmigratingbeforevolcaniceruptionsorearthquakes.ButithasnotbeenprovensaidMatthewvanLieropananimalbehaviourspecialistatJohannesburgZoo.Therehavebeennospecificstudiesbecauseyoucan’treallytestitinalaborfieldsettinghesaiD.Otherauthoritiesagreedwiththisconclusion.Wildlifeseemtobeabletopickupcertainphenomenonespeciallybirds.TherearemanyreportsofbirdsdetectingcomingdisasterssaidCliveWalkerwhohaswrittenseveralbooksonAfricanwildlifE.Animalscertainlyrelyontheknownsensessuchassmellorhearingtoavoiddangersuchaspredators食肉动物.TheideaofananimalsixthsenseisalastingonethattheevidenceonSriLanka’sdamagedcoastislikelytoaddto.Thispassageismainlyabout________.A.thedamagethatwascausedintheIndianOceantsunamiB.whyanimalscansavethemfromnaturaldisastersC.howtoprotectthewildlifewhendisasterhappensD.thedifferentopinionsaboutanimals’naturalpowerWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A.Ithasbeenprovedthatanimalshaveasixthsense.B.Researchhasbeenmadeonthespecialmovementsofanimalsbeforedisasters.C.It’sgenerallyconsideredthatanimalscansensethecomingofdisasters.D.AnimalshavedependedontheknownsensestoescapetheIndianOceantsunami.Whatdoesthetermsixthsenseinthetextmeans?A.Itisthenaturalabilityofanimalsthatcansavethemfromdanger.B.Itistheanimal’simaginationinthebrain.C.Itissomehiddenpowertosayinadvancethatsomethingwillhappen.D.Itisakindofsensethatisthesameassmellorhearing.Whichsectiondoesthetextmostprobablyappearinanewspaper?A.NewsReport.B.Discovery.C.ScienceFiction.D.CulturE.

ReducereuseandrecyclE.Thisfamiliarenvironmentalistslogantellsushowtoreducetheamountofrubbishthatendsupinlandfillsandwaterways.Theconceptisbeingusedtodealwithonepossiblydangerousformofwaste—electronicjunk电子垃圾suchasoldcomputerscellphonesandtelevisions.Butthisprocessformanaginge-wastemaybeusedinanunscrupulouswaymoreoftenthannotusedarecentreportsuggests.Alotofthesematerialsarebeingsenttodevelopingnationsundertheexcuseofreuse—tobridgethedigitaldividesaidRichardGutierrezapolicyresearcher.Oneoftheproblemsisthatnooneproveswhethertheseoldmachinesworkbeforetheyhittheseaways.Becauseofthisthereportsayse-wasteisagrowingprobleminLagosNigeriaandelsewhereinthedevelopingworlD.Muchofthewasteendsupbeingthrownawayalongriversandroads.Oftenit’spickedapartbypoorpeoplewhomayfacedangerousexposuretopoisonouschemicalsintheequipment.Businessmenalsopayworkersalittlemoneytogetbackmaterialssuchasgoldandcopper.Thislow-techrecoveryprocesscouldexposeworkersandthelocalenvironmenttomanydangerousmaterialsusedtobuildelectronics.AccordingtoGutierrezthisshadoweconomyexistsbecausetheexcuseofrecyclingandreusingelectronicsgivesbusinessmenagreenpassporttoshipwastearoundtheglobE.DevelopingnationsmusttakeuponsomeoftheresponsibilitythemselvesGutierrezsaiD.ButheaddedAgreaterportionofthisresponsibilityshouldfallontheexportingstatE.Chinaforexamplehasbecomeadumpingplaceforlargeamountsofe-wastE.Thenationisbeginningtotakeactiontostoptheflowofdangerousmaterialsacrossitsborders.TheChinesegovernmentaftermanyyearsofdenialisfinallybeginningtotaketheleaD.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat_______.A.developingcountriesarefacingseriousenvironmentalproblemsB.e-wasteissenttodevelopingcountriesundertheexcuseofreuseC.developingcountriesaremakingfulluseofe-wasteD.e-wasteisagrowingproblemindevelopedcountriesWhatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlydiscuss?A.A.lotofe-wasteisdumpedindevelopingcountries.B.Poorpeoplebreakupe-wastetocollectsomevaluablematerials.C.Theproblemofe-wasteisgrowingindevelopingcountries.D.OldcomputersandTVsstillworkbeforetheyaresentabroaD.TheunderlinedwordunscrupulousinParagraph1probablymeans________.A.immoralB.wrongC.proudD.unsafeFromwhatGutierrezsaidwecanlearnthat________.A.developingcountriesshouldberesponsibleforthisproblemB.exportingcountriesshouldbemainlyresponsibleforthisproblemC.neitherrichnorpoorcountriesshouldbeblamedforthisproblemD.poorcountriesshouldbeblamedforthisproblem

Howcanyoufindoutwhatisgoingoninsideaperson'sbodywithoutopeningthepatientup?RegularX-rayscanshowalot.CATscanscanshowevenmorE.Theycangivethree-dimensional三维viewofbodyorgans器官.WhatisaCATscan?CATstandsforComputerizedAxialTomography层面X线照相术.ItisaspecialX-raymachinethatgetsa360-degreepictureofasmallareaofapatient'sbody.DoctorsuseX-raystostudyandexaminediseasesandinjurieswithinthebody.X-rayscanfindforeignobjectsinsidethebodyortotakepicturesofsomeorgansinsideifspecialthingsasdyesorspecialliquidsareaddedtotheorganstobeX-rayeD.A.CATscannerhoweverusesabeam光束ofX-raystogiveacross-sectionalviewofaparticularpartofthebody.A.finebeamofX-raysisscannedacrossthebodyandcircledaroundthepatientfrommanydifferentangles角度.A.computeranalyzes分析theinformationfromeachangleandproducesaclearcross-sectionalpictureonthescreen.ThispictureisthenphotographedforlaterusE.Severalcross-sectionstakenoneafteranothercangiveaclearphotooftheentirebodyorofanybodyorgans.ThenewestCATscannerscanevengiveaclearpictureofactivemovingorgansjustasafast-actioncameracanstoptheactiongivingclearpicturesofwhatappearonlymistily模糊totheeyE.Andbecauseofthe360-degreepicturesCATscansshow3-dimensionalviewsoforgansinamannerthatwasonceonlyseenduringsurgeryorautopsyexaminingadeadbody.69.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphsdoctorscanseetheinsideofapatient'sbodyby______.A.givingthepatientanoperationB.checkingbodyorgansC.gettinga360-degreepictureofasmallareaofapatient'sbodyD.examiningtheCATFromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat______.A.thenewestpicturesbecomemoremistyB.manypicturescanbetakenatthesametimeC.theinformationaboutthescannedpatientisnothighlyvaluedD.somepicturesofthescannedpartsofthebodyaredevelopedforfurtherexaminationsinthefutureThebesttitleofthispassagemightbe______.A.ModernX-rayB.Three-dimensionalViewC.Fast-movingCameraD.CATScan

ScientistssaythewarmingoftheEarth’satmospherehasbeguntoaffectplantandanimallifearoundtheworlD.ScientistsfromtheUniversityofHanoverinGermanyreportedtheirfindingsinNaturE.Theysayglobalwarmingisaffectingendangeredspeciessealifeandthechangeinseasonalactivitiesoforganisms.Globalwarmingiscausedbycarbondioxideandotherheat-trappinggasesintheatmospherE.StudiesshowthattheEarth’sclimatehaswarmedbyaboutsixtenthsofonedegreeCelsiusduringthepastonehundredyears.Mostoftheincreasehastakenplaceinthelastthirtyyears.Germanscientistshavestudieddifferentanimalandplantpopulationaroundtheworldduringthepastthirtyyears.Theysaysomespecieswilldisappearbecausetheycannotmovetonewareaswhentheirhomeclimategetstoowarm.Thescientistssayoneofthebiggestsignsofclimatechangehasbeentheworldwidedecreaseincoralreefs.Risingtemperaturesintheworld’swarmoceanwatershavecausedcoraltolosecoloranddiE.Inthecoldestareasoftheworldwinterfreezingperiodsarenowhappeninglaterandendingearlier.Researcherssaythesechangesarehavingsevereeffectsonanimalssuchaspenguinssealsandpolarbears.Changesintemperatureandwetnessintheaircanalsoaffectthereproduction繁殖ofsomereptiles爬行动物andamphibians两栖动物.ForexamplethesexofbabyturtlesislinkedtotheaveragetemperatureinJuly.Scientistssayevensmalltemperatureincreasescanthreatentheproductionofmaleturtles.InEuropescientistssaywarmertemperaturesareaffectingthespringandautumnseasons.Thisisaffectingthegrowthofplantsanddelayingtheflightofbirdsfromoneplacetoanother.Scientistsareconcernedaboutinvasionsofwarmweatherspeciesintotraditionallycolderareas.RisingtemperaturehasbeenlinkedwiththespreadofdiseasesinareassuchasAsiaEastAfricaandLatinAmericA.44.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe__________.A.EffectsofGlobalWarmingB.TemperatureandAnimalsC.GlobalWarmingandtheEnvironmentD.A.StudyontheEnvironment45.AccordingtothepassageglobalwarmingisaffectingallofthefollowingEXCEPT_________.A.endangeredspeciesB.sealifeC.activitiesoforganismsD.thecolorofturtles46.Wecanlearnfromthispassagethat_________.A.thespeedoftheearth’swarmingisfasternowthan50yearsagoB.moreanimalspecieswillsooncomeintobeingC.animalswillrefusetomovetowarmplacesinthefutureD.coldareashavegainedmoreheatthanwarmplaces47.IfthetemperatureintheArcticOceankeepsgoingupwhichofthefollowingwillbemostlikelytohappen?A.MoreandmorepeoplewillcometoliveneartheArcticOcean.B.MorecropswillbegrownneartheArcticOcean.C.AnimalsfromwarmareaswillcometoliveintheArcticOcean.D.TherewillbemoreandmorefishintheArcticOcean.

A.damisaman-madestructurebuiltacrossariver.Mostdamsarebuilttocontrolariver’swaterflowimprovenavigationandcontrolflooding.Howeversomedamsarebuilttoproducehydro-electricpower.Hydro-electricpowerisproducedaswaterpassesthroughadamandintoariverbelow.ThemorewaterthatpassesthroughadamthemoreenergyisproduceD.Onceadamisbuiltaman-madelakeiscreatedbehindthedam.Electricityisproducedbyakindofequipmentcalledaturbine水轮机.Turbinescontainmetalcoils线圈surroundedbymagnets磁铁.WhenthemagnetsmoveroundrapidlyoverthemetalcoilselectricityisproduceD.Turbinesarelocatedinsidedams.Thefallingwatermakesthemagnetsgoaroundthecoils.Damsprovidecleanenergybuttheycanalsoharmtheenvironment.Speciesthatuseriverstoreproduceareoftenhurtbydams.IntheNorthwestoftheUSthepopulationoffisheshasdroppedfrom16millionto2.5millionsincehydro-electricplantswerebuiltontheColumbiaRiver.Damsallovertheworldhavehurtsomespecies.ThehighestdamintheUnitesStatesislocatednearOrovilleCaliforniA.TheOrovilleDamtowers230metersandismorethanamilewidE.Thisdamwasbuiltin196822yearsaftertheHooverDam.TheHooverDamontheNevada-ArizonabordercontrolstheColoradoriver.Itis221metershighandhas2.6millionhectare-metersofwater.ThehighestdamintheworldistheNurekDamontheVakhshRiverinTadzikistanacountryincentralAsiA.Thisdamis300meterstall.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Somedamsarebuiltforcontrollingariver’swaterflow.B.Hydro-electricpowerisusuallyproducedthroughadam.C.Damscanofferenergyandtheyareharmlesstotheenvironment.D.Generallyspeakingwherethereisadamthereisaman-madelakE.Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsus_____.56-60ADBA.howhydro-electricpowerisproducedB.WhataturbineisandhowitworksC.howthemagnetsandthemetalcoilsworkD.howthefallingwaterpassesthroughaturbineThedamwhichcontrolstheColoradoriveris____.A.theOrovilleDamB.theHooverDamC.theNurekDamD.theVakhshDam

Accordingtothedictionarydefinitionofcreateordinarypeoplearecreativeeveryday.Tocreatemeanstobringintobeingtocausetoexistsomethingeachofusdoesdaily.Wearecreativewheneverwelookatorthinkaboutsomethinginanewway.Firstthisincludesanawareness意识ofoursurroundings.ItmeansusingallofoursensestobecomeawareofourworlD.Thismaybeassimpleasbeingawareofcolorandtexture质地aswellastastewhenweplanameal.Aboveallitistheabilitytonoticethingsthatothersmightmiss.A.secondpartofcreativityisanabilitytoseerelationshipsamongthings.IfwebelievetheexpressionThereisnothingnewunderthesunthecreativityisremakingorrecombining重组theoldinnewways.Forexamplewemightdothisbyfindingamoreeffectivewaytostudyorabetterwaytoarrangeourfurnitureorwemightmakeanewcombinationofcameralensesandfilterstocreateanunusualphotograph.A.thirdpartofcreativityisthecourageanddrivetomakeuseofournewideastoaskforthemtoachievesomenewresults.Tothinkupanewideaisonething;toputtheideatoworkisanother.Thesethreepartsofcreativityareincludedinallthegreatworksofgeniusesbuttheyarealsoincludedinmanyofourday-to-dayactivities.WhichofthefollowingactivitiesisNOTacreativeoneaccordingtothepassage?A.Toprepareforameal.B.Toarrangethefurnitureinaspecialway.C.TobuysomebooksfromabookstorE.D.Towritealetterwiththecomputer..Thereisnothingnewunderthesunreallyimpliesthat_________.A.anewthingcanonlybecreatedatthebasisofearliestthingsB.anewthingisonlyataleC.wecanseldomcreatenewthingsD.wecanhardlyseereallynewthingsintheworldWhatdoestheauthorthinkabouttherelationshipbetweenanewthoughtanditsbeingputintopractice?A.It’smoredifficulttocreateanewthoughtthantouseitinpracticE.B.Tofindanewthoughtwillclearlyleadtotheproductionofanewthing.C.Amanwithanexcellentabilityofpracticecaneasilybecomeaninventor.D.OnemaycomeupwithanewthoughtbutcannotputitintopracticE.Thebesttitleforthispassageis__________.A.HowtoDevelopOne’sCreativityB.WhatIsCreativityC.TheImportanceofCreativityD.CreativityaNotFarawayThing

第三部分:阅读理解共20小题每小题2分满分40分阅读下列短文从每题所给的四个选项A.B.C和D中选出最佳选项AA.lotofmanagementtrainingeachyearforCircleKCorporationanationalchainofconveniencestores.Amongthetopicsweaddressinourcourseistheretention保护力ofqualityemployees-arealchallengetomanagerswhenyouconsiderthepayscale标准intheserviceindustry.DuringthesediscussionsIasktheparticipants参加者Whathascausedyoutostaylongenoughtobecomeamanager?SometimebackanewmanagertookthequestionandslowlywithhervoicealmostbreakingsaidItwasa＄19baseballglovE.CynthiatoldthegroupthatsheoriginallytookaCircleKclerkjobasaninterim临时的positionwhileshelookedforsomethingbetter.Onhersecondorthirddaybehindthecountershereceivedaphonecallfromhernine-year-oldsonJessiE.HeneededabaseballgloveforLittleLeaguE.Sheexplainedthatasasinglemothermoneywasverytightandherfirstcheckwouldhavetogoforpayingbills.Perhapsshecouldbuyhisbaseballglovewithhersecondorthirdcheck.WhenCynthiaarrivedforworkthenextmorningPatriciathestoremanageraskedhertocometothesmallroominthebackofthestorethatservedasanofficE.CynthiawonderedifshehaddonesomethingwrongorleftsomepartofherjobincompletefromthedaybeforE.ShewasconcernedandconfuseD.Patriciahandedherabox.IoverheardyoutalkingtoyoursonyesterdayshesaidandIknowthatitishardtoexplainthingstokids.ThisisabaseballgloveforJessiebecausehemaynotunderstandhowimportantheiseventhoughyouhavetopaybillsbeforeyoucanbuygloves.Youknowwecan’tpaygoodpeoplelikeyouasmuchaswewouldliketo;butwedocareandIwantyoutoknowyouareimportanttous.Thethoughtfulnessempathyandloveofthisconveniencestoremanagerdemonstratesvividlythatpeopleremembermorehowmuchanemployercaresthanhowmuchtheemployerpays.AnimportantlessonforthepriceofaLittleLeaguebaseballglovE.56.Amongmanyoftheproblemsintheserviceindustrywhatistalkedaboutinthispassageis___A.howtoensurehisemployees’highpayB.howtoattractmorecustomersC.howtolookcarefullyaftertheemployeesD.howtokeepthegoodemployeesfromleaving57.AlthoughanewmanagerCynthiawoulddoherjobwellinkeepingqualityemployeesbecauseshe________.A.hadmasteredallthecoursesforthemanagerB.hadalreadyformedgoodrelationshipwiththeemployeesC.knowthewayhowtodealwithheremployeesD.hadherownpersonalexperience58.Thispassageshowsusthattorunabusinesswellitisnecessaryformanagerstolettheiremployeesknow________A.howmuchtheycangetfortheirjoB.B.whatgoodpositionstheycangetlaterC.theyareverynecessarytothebusinessD.theyareniceaswellasuseful59.Thestorytoldinthispassagetellsusthatemployeescareabout____________A.onlyhowlargeapaytheycangetB.lovefromthemanagingpeopleratherthanonlymoneyC.iftheirchildrencouldbeproperlytakencareofD.whatpositiontheycanbeoffered

Animportantfactorthatplaysapartinsusceptibility易受影响tocoldsisagE.AstudydonebytheUniversityofMichiganSchoolofPublicHealthindicatedthefactthatseemstoholdtrueforthegeneralpopulation.Babiesarethegroupsufferingmostfromcoldsaveragingmorethansixcoldsintheirfirstyears.BoyshavemorecoldsthangirlsuptoagethreE.Aftertheageofthreegirlsaremoresusceptiblethanboysandteenagegirlsaveragethreecoldsayeartoboy'stwo.Thegeneralfrequencyofcoldscontinuestodeclineintoadults.Elderlypeoplewhoareingoodhealthhaveasfewasoneortwocoldsannually.Oneexceptionisfoundamongpeopleintheirtwentiesespeciallywomenwhoshowariseincoldinfections感染becausepeopletothisagegrouparemostlikelytohaveyoungchildren.Adultswhodelayhavingchildrenuntiltheirthirtiesandfortiesexperiencethesamesuddenincreaseincoldinfections.Thestudyalsofoundthateconomics经济状况playsanimportantrolE.Asincomeincreasesthefrequencyatwhichcoldsarereportedinthefamilydecreases.FamilieswiththelowestincomesufferaboutathirdmorecoldsthanfamiliesattheupperenD.Lowerincomegenerallyforcespeopletoliveincloserquartersthanthosetypicallyoccupiedbywealthierpeopleandcrowdingincreasestheopportunitiesforthecoldvirustotravelfrompersontoperson.Lowincomemayalsoinfluencediet.Thedegreetowhichpoornutritionaffectssusceptibilitytocoldsisnotyetclearlyprovedbutaninadequatedietissuspectedofloweringresistancegenerally.68.Whatfactorscausepeopletocatchcoldseasily?A.Ageandpregnancy.B.Healthandpregnancy.C.Healthandeconomics.D.Ageandeconomics.www.k*s￥5&u.com69.Whydoesthelowestincomeleadtotherapidspreadofcolds?A.Becausepoorpeoplecan'taffordtogotoseeadoctor.B.BecausebalanceddiethasdefinitelyaffectedpoorpeoplE.C.BecausepeoplewiththelowestincomehavelimitedlivingspacE.D.Becausecoldvirusdon'thaveopportunitiestotravelinpoorfamilies.70.Howdoesthestudyprovethatageplaysapartinsusceptibilitytocolds?A.Usingcomparison.B.Usinggraphs.C.Usingdescription.D.Usingargument.71.Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A.Familieswiththelowestincomesufferlesscoldsthanrichfamilies.B.Thegeneralfrequencyofcoldsarelikelytoincreaseamongthepoor.C.Womenintheirtwentiesaremostlikelytoavoidcoldinfections.D.Thegeneralfrequencyofcoldscontinuetoriseintotheadults.

BSupposeakeymaninyourfirmhadjustmetwithaterribleaccident.ThedoctortellyouthatthismanuponwhomyoudependfordirectingsalescheckingyourbooksorforperformingsomeotherimportantroleswillbelaidupformonthsYou’dhavetoreplacehimwouldn’tyou?Andprobablyatapayaboutequaltohis?Thenyou’dbefacedwithdoublepayingforonejobbecausestoppingthepayofaninjuredmanwouldsimplybeoutofthequestion.YoucanpreventthiskindofunproductiveoutgoonyourpayrollbyprovidingyourkeymanwiththeprotectionofTravelersBusinessAccidentInsurance!ThisinsuranceprovidestotalmedicalexpenseandaweeklyincomeincaseakeymanisdisabledforsometimE.Shouldthedisabilityproveeverlastinganincomeforlifeiscertainty.Whynotmakeoutalistofyourkeymennow?ThengettogetherwithTravelersInsuranceCompanyandletustellyouhowlittleitcoststoapplythismuchneededprotectiontoyourbusiness.Writeandwe'llserveyou!59.Theaboveismostprobably________.A.areportB.aletterC.anannouncementD.anadvertisement60.Whommightthewritingbemainlyfor?A.Animportantpersoninafirm.B.Anemployeeofafirm.C.Thebossofacompany.D.Readersofanewspaper.61.Whywouldthepaybedoubled?A.BecausetwopersonsaredoingonejobofthesamE.B.Becausetheimportantjobisworthdoublepay.C.BecauseitisnecessarythattheinjuredpersonshouldbepaiD.D.Becausethedoublepayisfortwopersons.62.TravelersInsuranceCompany________forapersoninsureD.A.willpayforallthecostoftreatmentB.willpaytheweeklyincomeoreventhatoflifetimeC.won’tgetmuchfromthefirmD.willprovideeverlastingpensionaswellasmedicalexpense

Whileparentsparticularlymothershavealwaysbeenattachedtotheirinfants婴儿societalconditionsfrequentlymadethisattachmentdifficulttomaintain保持.Firstofallthehighinfantdeathrateinthepremoderntimesmeantthatsuchattachmentsoftenendedinhopelessness.PerhapstopreventthesadnessthatinfantdeathcausedanumberofsocietalpracticesdevelopedwhichworkedagainstearlyattachmentofmotherandchilD.Oneofthesepremodernattachment-discouragingpracticeswastoleaveinfantsunnameduntiltheyhadsurvivedintothesecondyear.Anotherpracticethatdiscouragedmaternal母亲的attachmentwastightlywrapping包裹infants.Wrappingeffectivelypreventedtheclosephysicalinteractionslikestroking抚摸andkissingthataresomuchapartofmodernmothers'andfathers'affectionfortheirinfants.A.thirdpracticewhichhadthesamedistancingeffectwaswet-nursing.Breast-feeding母乳哺育wasnotpopularamongthewell-to-dointheearlymoderntimes;infantswereoftenfedbywetnurseshiredforthepurposE.Insomeplacessuchasnineteenth-centuryFrancecityinfantsweresenttowetnursesinthecountry.Oftenawetnursewouldfeedherownchildfirstleavinglittlemilkforthecityinfant—whoinmanycasesdieD.InRouenthedeathrateforchildrensenttoawetnursewas35percent.68.Babieswereunnameduntiltheyweretwosothat_______.A.anoldsocialcustomcouldbekeptupB.maternalattachmentcouldbemaintainedC.theycouldhavebetterchancestosurviveD.theirparentswouldnotbetoosadiftheydied69.Whywerebabieswrapped?A.ToprotectthemfromthecolD.B.Todistancetheirmothersfromthem.C.TomakethemfeelmorecomfortablE.D.Tomakeiteasyfortheirmotherstoholdthem.70.Wetnurseswerewomenwho________.A.babysatcityinfantsB.fedbabiesofotherfamiliesC.senttheirbabiestothecountryD.failedtolookaftertheirbabies71.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.SocietalConditionsinPremodernTimesB.PracticesofReducingMaternalAttachmentC.PoorHealthServiceandHighInfantDeathRateD.DifferencesbetweenModemandPremodernParents

Evenplantcanrunafeverespeciallywhenthey’reunderattackbyinsectsordiseasE.Butunlikehumanplantscanhavetheirtemperaturetakenfrom3000feetaway-straightup.A.decadeagoadoptingtheinfrared红外线scanningtechnologydevelopedformilitarypurposesandothersatellitesphysicistStephenPaleycameupwithaquickwaytotakethetemperatureofcropstodeterminewhichonesareunderstress.Thegoalwastoletfarmerspreciselytargetpesticide杀虫剂sprayingratherthanrainpoisononawholefieldwhichinvariablyincludesplantsthatdon’thavepest害虫problems.EvenbetterPaley’sRemoteScanningServicesCompanycoulddetectcropproblemsbeforetheybecamevisibletotheeyE.Mountedonaplaneflownat3000feetatnightaninfraredscannermeasuredtheheatemittedbycrops.Thedataweretransformedintoacolor-codedmapshowingwhereplantswererunningfevers.Farmerscouldthenspot-sprayusing50to70percentlesspesticidethantheyotherwisewoulD.ThebadnewsisthatPaley’scompanycloseddownin1984afteronlythreeyears.Farmersresistedthenewtechnologyandlong-termbackerswerehardtofinD.ButwiththerenewedconcernaboutpesticidesonproduceandrefinementsininfraredscanningPaleyhopestogetbackintooperation.Agricultureexpertshavenodoubtthetechnologyworks.Thistechniquecanbeusedon75percentofagriculturallandintheUnitedStatessaysGeorgeOertherofTexasA.&M.RayJacksonwhorecentlyretiredfromtheDepartmentofAgriculturethinksremoteinfraredcropscanningcouldbeadoptedbytheendofthedecadE.ButonlyffPaleyfindsthefinancialbackingwhichhefailedtoobtain10yearsago.56.Plantswillemitanincreasedamountofheatwhentheyare________.A.sprayedwithpesticidesB.facinganinfraredscannerC.inpoorphysicalconditionD.exposedtoexcessivesunrays57.Inordertoapplypesticidesprayingpreciselywecanuseinfraredscanningto________.A.estimatethedamagetothecropsB.measurethesizeoftheaffectedareaC.drawacolor-codedmapD.locatetheproblemarea58.Farmerscansaveaconsiderableamountofpesticideby________.A.resortingtospot–sprayingB.consultinginfraredscanningexpertsC.transformingpoisonedrainD.detectingcropproblemsatanearlystage59.Theapplicationofinfraredscanningtechnologytoagriculturemetwithsomedifficulties________.A.thelackofofficialsupportB.itshighcostC.thelackoffinancialsupportD.itsfailuretohelpincreaseproduction60.Infraredscanningtechnologymaybebroughtbackintooperationbecauseof________.A.thedesireoffarmerstoimprovethequalityoftheirproduceB.growingconcernabouttheexcessiveuseofpesticidesoncropsC.theforcefulpromotionbytheDepartmentofAgricultureD.fullsupportfromagriculturalexperts

第三节:阅读理解共15小题每小题2分满分30分SavetheAnimalsAnimalsarenaturalresources资源thatpeoplehavewastedallthroughourhistory.Animalshavebeenkilledfortheirfurandfeathersforfoodforsportandsimplybecausetheywereintheway.Thousandsofkindsofanimalshavedisappearedfromtheearthforever.Hundredsmoreareonthedangerlisttoday.About170kindsintheUnitedStatesaloneareconsideredindanger.Whyshouldpeoplecare?Becauseweneedanimals.AndbecauseoncetheyaregonetherewillneverbeanymorE.Animalsaremorethanjustbeautifulorinteresting.TheyaremorethanjustasourceoffooD.EveryanimalhasitsplaceinthebalanceofnaturE.Destroyingonekindofanimalcancreatemanyproblems.Forexamplewhenfarmerskilledlargenumbersofhawks鹰thefarmers’storesofcornandgrainweredestroyedbyratsandmicE.Why?BecausehawkseatratsandmicE.Withnohawkstokeepdowntheirnumberstheratsandmicemultiplied繁殖quickly.Luckilysomepeopleareworkingtohelpsavetheanimals.Somegroupsraisemoneytoletpeopleknowabouttheproblem.Andtheytrytogetthegovernmentstopasslawsprotectinganimalsindanger.Quiteafewcountrieshavepassedlaws.Theselawsforbidthekillingofanyanimalorplantonthedangerlist.Slowlythenumberofsomeanimalsindangerisgrowing.41.Animalsareimportanttousmainlybecause__________.A.theygiveusasourceoffoodB.theyarebeautifulandlovelyC.theykeepthebalanceofnatureD.theygiveusalotofpleasure42.Whathashappenedtotheanimalsontheearth?A.About170kindsofanimalshavedisappearedforever.B.Thousandsofkindsofanimalsaregoneforever.C.Afewkindsofanimalshavediedout.D.Allkindsofanimalsareindanger.43.Whydopeoplekillanimals?A.TheykillanimalsforsomethingtheyneeD.B.Theykillanimalstoraisesomemoney.C.Animalsdestroytheirnaturalresources.D.Animalscreatemanyproblems.44.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.Peoplecaremuchaboutanimalsbecausetheyneedthem.B.Killingallratsandmicemaycausesomenewproblems.C.OnceacertainkindofanimalisgoneforevertherewillneverbeanymorE.D.Peoplemustnotkillanyanimalorplant.45.Whatcanweconcludefromthefactthatquiteafewcountrieshavepassedlawsprotectinganimalsindanger?A.AnimalsindangerwillbekeptawayfrompeoplE.B.AnimalsindangerwillnotbekilledanymorE.C.ThenumberofsomeanimalsindangerwillincreasE.D.Everypersonwillknowtheimportanceofprotectingwildanimals.

EInmanysocietiesthereisoftengreateracceptanceoflightskinthandarkskin.Lightskinmaybeseenasamarkofbeautyintelligenceandsuccess.Thesebeliefscanleadtosocialpressureevenwithinthesameracialgroup.Asaresultmoreandmorepeoplewithdarkskinareusingskin-lighteningproductseveniftheymayfacehealthrisks.Manypeoplebelievethathavingwhiterskinwillimprovetheirlives.Theythinktheywillhaveabetterchanceofgettingajobormarryingintoabetterfamily.Ortheywanttolooklikewhattheirsocietygenerallyconsidersbeautiful.Somebeautycareproductscontainchemicalsthatmakeskinlighter.Thisprocessisalsocalledbleaching漂白.Butsomeofthechemicalsareextremelydangerous.Onechemicalhasbeenlinkedtokidney肾damageandsomekindsofcancer.Italsocauseslowbirthweightinbabieswhenusedbymothers-to-bE.Atfirstbleachingproductsmaketheskincolorlighter.Butafterlong-termusetheycancauseproblems.Thechemicalsintheproductsblockandbreakdownthenaturalprocessthatgivescolortoskin.Theskinlosesitsnaturalbarriertoprotectagainstsunlight.ThentheskincanbecomethickanddiscoloreD.UsuallythepersonwillusemoreoftheproductinanefforttocorrecttheproblembutthisonlymakesitworsE.FatimataLytreatsskinproblemsintheSenegalesecapitalDakar.DoctorLysaysskinbleachinghasbecomeaproblemthroughoutSenegal.Shesaysthechemicalsarenowmoredangerousbecausetheyarestronger.SomecaseshaveresultedinblackenedfingernailsinfectionsandpermanentskindamagE.Andthesearenottheonlyrisks.ExpertssaysomepeoplewhochangetheirskincolorsufferemotionaldamagE.Theyfeelregretandsadness.Theyfeelthatinsteadofriskingtheirhealththeyshouldhavelearnedtoloveandaccepttheirskincolorasitwas.72.Whyhasskinlighteningbecomepopularallovertheworld?A.Therearemanywaystohelpchangeskincolor.B.ManypeoplewithdarkskinhavenoconfidencE.C.Lightskinseemstobringmoreadvantagesthandarkskin.D.Peoplewithdarkskinarefacingthepressurefromtheirfamily.73.Accordingtothepassagepeopleusingbleachingproductswouldrisk_____A.thinnerskinB.lowweightC.lungcancerD.emotionaldamage74.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutbleachingproducts?A.Someofthemcontaindangerouschemicals.B.Theywillnotmaketheskincolorlighter.C.TheymaycauseskindamagE.D.Theyarelikelytobringhealthrisks.75.Thewriter'sattitudetowardusingbleachingproductsis________.A.supportiveB.positiveC.uncertainD.negative

BDoesadrinkadaykeepheartattacksaway?Overthepast20yearsnumerousstudieshavefoundthatmoderatealcoholconsumptionsayoneortwobeersglassesofwineorcocktailsdailyhelpstopreventcoronaryheartdiseasE.LastweekareportintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicineaddedstrongnewevidenceinsupportofthattheory.Moreimportanttheworkprovidedthefirstsolidindicationofhowalcoholworkstoprotecttheheart.InthestudyresearchersfromBoston’sBrighamandWomen’sHospitalandHarvadMedicalSchoolcomparedthedrinkinghabitsof340menandwomenwhohadsufferedrecentheartattackwiththoseofhealthypeopleofthesameageandsex.ThescientistsfoundthatpeoplewhosiponetothreedrinksadayareabouthalfaslikelytosufferheartattacksasnondrinkersarE.Theapparentsourceoftheprotection:thosewhodrankalcoholhadhigherbloodlevelsofhighdensitylipoproteins脂蛋白thesocalledgoodcholesterol胆固醇whichisknowntopreventheartdiseasE.Asevidencehasmounted增长somedoctorshavebegunrecommendingadailydrinkforpatientsofheartdiseases.ButmostphysiciansarenotreadytorecommendaregularhappyhourforeveryonE.Therisksofteetotalling绝对戒酒arenothingcomparedwiththedangersoftoomuchalcoholincludinghighbloodpressurestrokesandlivertroubles---nottomentionviolentbehaviorandtrafficaccident.Moreoversomestudiessuggestthatevenmoderatedrinkingmayincreasetheincidenceofbreastandcoloncancer.Untilthereisevidencethatthebenefitsofadailydose吸收剂量ofalcoholoutweightherisksmostpeoplewon’tbeabletotakeadoctor’sprescriptiontotheneighborhoodbarorliquorstorE.60.Thereportmentionedinthefirstparagraphindicates________.A.thewayinwhichalcoholcanhelptheheart.B.thatacoupleofcocktailsdailycanhelpstopheartproblemsC.whyalcoholicdrinksaredangeroustoone’shealthD.thatreportsontheadvantagesofalcoholweremisled61.Experimentsshowedthatnondrinkershad___________.A.largeramountsofgoodcholesterolB.smalleramountsofgoodcholesterolC.higherbloodpressureD.lowerbloodpressure62.Accordingtothepassagemoderatedrinking_______.A.isrecommendedbymostdoctorsforheartpatientsB.shouldbeallowedonprescriptionC.isstillnotmedicallyadvisableD.isnotrelatedtoliverproblems63.Themainthemeofthispassageis___________.A.thechangeinrecentdrinkinghabitsB.theconnectionbetweencancerandalcoholC.whethermoderatedrinkersoutlivenondrinkersD.whetheralcoholmaybegoodforone’shealth

What’sthepurposeoftheadvertisement?A.Tointroducesomewildanimalstovisitors.B.Toinvitevisitorstowalkinthewildlifepark.C.Toattractvisitorstogetclosetotheseaanimals.D.Toprovideseafoodforvisitorstofeedtheseaanimals.IfaparentwhoisthememberoftheAquariumisgoingtohavetheTrainerTourwithherchildoftenhowmuchdoesshehavetopay?A.$175B.$140C.$35D.$31Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheadvertisement?A.TheprogramsarechangeablE.B.ThereisnodangertoasmallchilD.C.Youcanphone604—659—FISHtobooktheprograms.D.Biggergroupsofvisitorsareencouragedtosavemoney.

Althoughmanhasknownasbestosformanyhundredsofyearsitwasnotuntil160yearsagothatitwasminedforthefirsttimeontheNorthAmericancontinent.H.W.JohnsownerofaNewYorkCitySupplyShopforrooferswasresponsiblefor对负责theopeningofthatfirstminE.Mr.JohnswasgivenapieceofasbestoswhichhadbeenfoundinItaly.Heexperimentedwiththematerialandthenshoweditssurprisingpowerstohiscustomers.Afterputtingonapairofasbestosgloveswhichlookedmuchlikeordinaryworkgloveshetookred-hotcoalsfromthefireplaceandplayedwiththeminhishands.Howastonishedthecustomersweretodiscoverthathewasnotburnedatall.Youcanwellimaginethathehadincreasingbusinessinasbestosroofingmaterials.HoweverbecauseitwasveryexpensivetotransportcarrythemfromItalytotheUnitedStatesMr.JohnssentoutayoungscientisttoseekasourcenearerhomE.Thisyoungmanfoundgreatvein岩脉intheprovinceofQuebecinCanadA.Eversince1881Quebechasledtheworldintheproductionofthisunusualmineralwhichismadeupofmagnesiumsiliconironandoxygen.WhenitisminedtheasbestosisheavyjustasyouwouldexpectamineraltobE.Whenitisseparatedastrangethinghappens;therockbreaksdownintofinesoftsoapyfibres纤维.Scientistsdonotknowwhytherockcanbeseparatedeasilyintothreads线buttheyhavefoundthousandsofusesofthisfireproofmaterialoftheso-calledclothofstone.1.Whichtitlebestexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?A.AsbestosminedinCanadaB.FireproofmatterC.A.wondermineralD.A.newroofingmaterial2.Johnsprovedhisabilityasasalesmanby_______.A.goingintoroofingbusinessB.carryingasbestosfromItalyC.sendingatrainedscientistD.showingtheuseofasbestosgloves3.Whichisthemostimportantcharacterofasbestosthattheauthorwantstoshowus?A.ItislikethreaD.B.Itfeelssoapy.C.Itburnseasily.D.Itisunusuallyheavy.4.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassagewasto_______.A.showtheneedformorescientistsB.compareasbestoswithothermineralsC.increasethesalesofasbestosD.presentfactsaboutasbestos

Acrosstheworld1.1billionpeoplehavenoaccesstocleandrinkingwater.Morethan2.5billionpeoplelackbasicsanitation.卫生设备Thecombinationprovesdeadly.Eachyeardiseasesrelatedtoinadequatewaterandsanitationkillbetween2and5millionpeopleandcauseanestimated80percentofallsicknessesinthedevelopingworlD.Safedrinkingwaterisapreconditionforhealthandthefightagainstchilddeathrateinequalitybetweenmenandwomenandpoverty.Considerthesefacts:●TheaveragedistancethatwomeninAfricaandAsiawalktocollectwateris6kilometers.●Only58percentofchildreninsub-SaharanAfricaaredrinkingsafewater.andonly37percentofchildreninSouthAsiahaveaccesstoevenabasictoilet.●EachyearinIndiaalone73millionworkingdaysarelosttowater-bornediseases.Herearethreewaysyoucanhelp:WriteCongressCurrentU.S.foreignaidfordrinkingwaterandsanitationbudgetsonlyonedollarperyearperAmericancitizen.FewmembersofCongresshaveeverreceivedaletterfromvotersaboutcleandrinkingwaterabroaD.Sponsoraprojectwithafaith-basedorganizationManyU.S.religiousgroupsalreadysponsorwaterandsanitationprojectsworkingwithpartnerorganizationsabroaD.SimplyputasingleprojectbyaU.S.organizationcanmakesafewaterarealityforthousandsofpeoplE.SupportnonprofitwaterorganizationsNumerousU.S.-basednonprofitsworkskillfullyabroadincommunity-ledprojectsrelatedtodrinkingwaterandsanitation.Likethesampleofnon-profitsnotedasfollows:someorganizationsarelargeothersmall-scalesomeoperateworldwideothersaredevotedtocertainareasinAfricaAsiaorLatinAmericA.Supportthemgenerously.72.Thethreefactspresentedinthepassageareusedtoillustratethat________.A.povertycanresultinwater-bornediseasesB.peoplehavenoaccesstocleandrinkingwaterC.women’srightsaredeniedinsomedevelopingcountriesD.safedrinkingwatershouldbeaprimaryconcern73.Theintendedreadersofthepassageare________.A.AmericansB.overseassponsorsC.CongressmenD.U.S.-basedwaterorganizations74.Themainpurposeofthepassageistocallonpeopleto_________.A.getridofwater-relateddiseasesindevelopingcountriesB.donatemoneytopeopleshortofwaterthroughreligiousgroupsC.fightagainsttheworldwidewatershortageandsanitationproblemD.takejointactioninsupportofsomenonprofitwaterorganizations75.Whatinformationwillprobablybeprovidedfollowingthelastparagraph?A.A.varietyofcompaniesandtheirworldwideoperation.B.A.listofnonprofitwaterorganizationstomakecontactwith.C.SomewaystogetfinancialaidsfromU.S.Congress.D.A.fewwaterresourcesexploitedbysomeworld-famousorganizations.

WindisthemovementofairfromanareaofhighpressuretoanareaoflowpressurE.InfactwindexistsbecausethesununequallyheatsthesurfaceoftheEarth.Ashotairrisescoolerairmovesintofillthegap.Aslongasthesunshinesthewindwillblow.Andaslongasthewindblowspeoplewillmanageittopowertheirlives.AncientsailorsusedsailstocapturethewindandexploretheworlD.Farmersonceusedwindmillstogrindtheirgrainsandpumpwater.TodaymoreandmorepeopleareusingwindturbinestomakeelectricityfromthebreezE.Overthepastdecadewindturbineusehasincreasedatmorethan25percentayear.Stillitonlyprovidesasmallpartoftheworld'senergy.Mostwindenergycomesfromturbinesthatcanbeastallasa20-storybuildingandhavethree200-foot-long60-meter-longblades.Thesedeviceslooklikegiantairplanepropellers螺桨onastick.Thewindspinsthebladeswhichturnashaftconnectedtoagenerator.Thebiggestwindturbinesgenerateenoughelectricitytosupplyabout600U.S.homes.WindfarmshavetensandsometimeshundredsoftheseturbineslineduptogetherinparticularlywindyspotslikealongaridgE.Smallerturbinessetupinabackyardcanproduceenoughelectricityforasinglehomeorsmallbusiness.Windisacleansourceofrenewableenergythatproducesnoairorwaterpollution.AndsincethewindisfreeoperationalcostsarenearlyzeroonceaturbineiserecteD.Massproductionandtechnologyadvancesaremakingturbinescheaperandmanygovernmentsdecreasetaxtoencouragewind-energydevelopment.SomepeoplethinkwindturbinesareuglyandcomplainaboutthenoisethemachinesmakE.Theslowlyrotatingblades螺旋风片canalsokillbirdsandbatsbutnotnearlyasmanyascarspowerlinesandhigh-risebuildingsdo.Thewindisalsochangeable:Ifit'snotblowingthere'snoelectricitygenerateD.Neverthelessthewindenergyindustryisincreasingsharply.Globallygenerationmorethanquadrupled四倍between2000and2006.Attheendoflastyearglobalcapacitywasmorethan70000megawatts.Intheenergy-hungryUnitedStatesasinglemegawattisenoughelectricitytopowerabout250homes.GermanyhasthemostinstalledwindenergycapacityfollowedbySpaintheUnitedStatesIndiaandDenmark.DevelopmentisalsofastgrowinginFranceandChinA.Industryexpertspredictthatifthispaceofgrowthcontinuesby2050theanswertoonethirdoftheworld'selectricityneedswillbefoundblowinginthewind63.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Therotatingbladescankillasmanybirdsashigh-risebuildingsdoB.Singlefamiliesarenotencouragedtobuildturbines.C.TheUSAproducesmorewindpowerthananyothercountryintheworlD.D.Thenoisetheturbinesmakemaydiscouragepeoplefrombuildingthem.64.Theunderlinedwordgeneratorinthethirdparagraphprobablymeans_______.A.电动机B.发电机C.机翼D.飞机引擎65.IftheUSAwantstobuildwindturbinesinanareawith30000homeshowmanyshouldtheybuildatleast?A.50.B.150.C.250.D.200.66.AllthefollowingaretheadvantagesofwindenergyEXCEPTthat_________.A.itisenvironmentallyfriendlyB.itisfreetobuildandoperateC.thegovernmentsupportsitD.theenergyiscleanandrenewable

Itwillbehot—hotenoughthatmostlocalswillhaveclearedtownforcoolerplaces.Butbecauseathletescompetingatthe2004Olympicshavenochoicebuttostayinthehotweathermanyplantoturntosciencetostaycool.Somewillputtheirhandsinicewaterjustbeforecompetingandnearlyallwillbewearingfabrics织物designedwithhotweatherinminD.NormallywewarmupbeforeexercisesaidGordonSleivertdirectorofsportsscienceandmedicineattheCanadianSportCenterinVictoriaBritishColumbiA.Butinthiscasewe'retakingthewarmoutofwarmup.It'slikepre-cooling.Expertsarepredicting预测theaveragehighthisAugustinAthenswillbe90degreesFahrenheitwithtemperaturesoftenreachingabove100theaveragetemperatureinSydneyforthe2000summergameswas64.Althoughsomeeventssuchasthemarathonwillstartearly1A.m.toavoidhotweatherothercompetitorswillbepushingtheirlimitsduringhightemperatures.Drinkinglotsofwaterwillhelpathleteskeepcoolbuthumidity湿度remainsaproblem.Thebody'sabilitytocooldownisweakenedbydampairsincesweatdripsofftheskinratherthanevaporates蒸发resultingindehydration脱水withoutthecooling.Gettinghotisarealproblembecausewhenourbrainsheatsupthebrainwavesaremorelikewhenyou'rereallysleepy.EverythingfeelshardersaidSleivert.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat_______.A.whyitisveryhotinAthensB.thehotweatherisabigproblemforOlympicathletesC.howimportantscienceistoeveryathleteD.theOlympicswillbeputoffbecauseofthehotweatherTheunderlinedsentenceothercompetitorswillbepushingtheirlimitsduringhightemperaturesinthefifthparagraphmeans_______.A.OlympicathleteswillputofftheircompetitiontimeB.someeventsintheOlympicswillhavetobeputforwardC.competitorscan'treachtheirlimitsinthehotweatherD.competitorswillhavetotrytheirbesttocompeteunderanyconditionThefollowingthingswillbelikelytohappeninthehotweatherEXCEPT_______.A.dehydrationB.beingsleepyC.thatthebloodinthebodycanbecomelessandlessD.thatthebody'sabilitytocooldownisweakened

IV阅读理解共40分AHuntingwithbirdsisaveryoldsport.Insomecountriesthegoldeneagleisusedforhuntingwildanimals.Theyareusedforhuntingfoxesandwolves.TraininganeagletohunttakesalongtimE.Hunterscatchyoungeaglesinnetsmadeofhair.AfterbeingtrainedtheeagleistakentoafielD.A.blindfoldoverthebird’seyeskeepsitquietuntilthehunterisready.Theeaglesitsinthearmofthehunter.Thehunter’sarmiscoveredwithalongspecialglovetoprotectitfromthesharpclawsofthebirD.InthefieldassoonasthehunterseesafoxorawolfheremovestheblindfolD.Theeaglequicklyfliesintotheairandbegantolookforthewildanimal.Theeagleseestheanimalandcatchesitwithclawslikesteel.Itsbeakandclawsarestrongenoughtoholdtheanimal.Usuallythebirdcarriestheanimalbacktothehunter.Sometimesfastanimalswithgoodeyescangetaway.61.Ahuntingeagleistrainedwhen_________.A.itisstillyoungB.itistakentoafieldC.itseyesarecoveredwithablindfoldD.thehunterisready62.Huntersusenetsmadeofhairto________.A.trainyoungfoxesB.catchyoungwolvesC.trainyoungeaglesD.catchyoungeagles63.Thetrainedeagle_______.A.carriesthehunterhomeB.wearsablindfoldwhenhuntingananimalC.iscoveredwithalongspecialgloveD.hasstrongclawslikesteel64.Ahunterwearsaspecialgloveto_______.A.protecthisarmfromthesharpclawsofatrainedeagleB.protecthisarmfromthesharpclawsofayoungfoxC.protecthisarmfromthesharpclawsofayoungwolfD.protecthisarmfromthesharpclawsofwildanimals65.Accordingtothetextwhichofthefollowingistrue?A.FastanimalswithsharpeyesaresometimesdifficulttocatchB.AssoonastheblindfoldisremovedtheeaglefliesintoatreeC.Huntersalwaysblindfoldyoungeaglesbeforetrainingthem.D.Sometimeshunterstrainyoungfoxestheyhavecaught.

AnimalsaremorelikeusthanweeverimagineD.TheyfeelpaintheyexperiencestresstheyshowaffectionexcitementandlovE.Allthesefindingshavebeenmadebyscientistsinrecentyears---andsuchresultsarebeginningtochangehowweviewanimals.StrangelyenoughsomeofthisresearchwassponsoredbyfastfoodcompanieslikeMcDonald’sandKFC.Pressuredbyanimalrightsgroupsthesecompaniesfelttheyhadtofundscientistsresearchingtheemotionalandmentalstatesofanimals.McDonald’sforinstancefundedstudiesonpigbehavioratPurdueUniversityIndianA.Thisresearchfoundthatpigsseekaffectionandeasilybecomedepressedifleftaloneorpreventedfromplayingwitheachother.Iftheybecomedepressedtheysoonbecomephysicallyill.BecauseofthisandothersimilarstudiestheEuropeanUnionhasbannedtheuseofisolatingpigstallsfrom2010.InGermanythegovernmentisencouragingpigfarmerstogiveeachpig20secondsofhumancontactadayandtoprovidethemwithtoystopreventthemfromfightingOtherscientistshaveshownthatanimalsthinkandbehavelikehumans.Kokothe300-poundgorillaattheGorillaFoundationinNorthernCaliforniaforinstancehasbeentaughtsignlanguagE.KokocannowunderstandseveralthousandEnglishwordsmorethanmanyhumanswhospeakEnglishasasecondlanguagE.OnhumanIQtestsshescoresbetween70and95.Beforesuchexperimentshumansthoughtlanguageskillswereabsentfromtheanimalkingdom.Othermythsarealsobeingoverturnedlikethebeliefthatanimalslackself-awareness.StudieshavealsoshownthatanimalsmourntheirdeadandthattheyplayforpleasurE.Thesestrikingsimilaritiesbetweenanimalandhumanbehaviorhaveledsometoaskaquestion:Ifyoubelieveinevolutionhowcan’tyoubelievethatanimalshavefeelingsthathumanbeingshave?Untilrecentlyscientistsbelievedthatanimalsbehavedbyinstinctandthatwhatappearedtobelearnedbehaviorwasmerelygenetically-programmedactivity.ButasKokotheGorillashowsthisisnotthecasE.Infactlearningispassedfromparenttooffspringfarmoreoftenthannotintheanimalkingdom.Sowhatimplicationsdoesthisknowledgehaveforhumans?Becauseofthisshouldwebanhuntingandanimaltesting?Shouldweclosezoos?Suchquestionsarebeingraisedbymanyacademicsandpoliticians.Harvardand25otherAmericanlawschoolshaveintroducedcoursesonanimalrights.Germanymeanwhilerecentlyguaranteedanimalrightsinitsconstitution---thefirstcountrytodoso.McDonald’sandKFCgivemoneytosupportscientisttodoresearchonanimalsbecause_____A.theyareinternationalbigcompanies.B.theyloveanimals.C.theyarepressuredbyanimalrightgroups.D.theyearnalargeamountofmoneyandwanttodosomegooddeeds.TheresearchonpigsatPurdueUniversityshowsthat______A.pigslovebeingalonE.B.pigseasilybecomephysicallyill.C.pigsneedaffection.D.pigsdon’tliketoplaywitheachother.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Animalsbehavebyinstinct.B.Animalshaveself-awareness.C.AnimalshavefeelingsandlovE.D.Animalsdonothavelanguageskills.Shouldwebanhuntingandanimaltesting?A.Yes.B.NoC.NotcertainD.Notmentioned

Imagineyou’reatapartyfullofstrangers.You’renervous.Whoarethesepeople?Howdoyoustartaconversation?Fortunatelyyou’vegotathingthatsendsoutenergyattinychipsineveryone’snametag标签.Thechipssendbacknamejobhobbiesandthetimeavailableformeeting-whatever.MakingnewfriendsbecomessimpleThishasn’tquitehappenedinreallifE.ButtheworldisalreadyexperiencingarevolutionusingRFIDtechnology.AnRFIDtagwithatinychipcanbefixedinaproductunderyourpet’sskinevenunderyourownskin.PassiveRFIDtagshavenoenergysource-batteriesbecausetheydonotneedit.Theenergycomesfromthereaderascanningdevicethatsendsoutenergyforexampleradiowavesthatstartsupthetagimmediately.SuchatagcarriesinformationspecifictothatobjectandthedatacanbeupdateD.AlreadyRFIDtechnologyisusedforrecognizingeachcarortruckontheroadanditmightappearinyourpassport.Doctorscanputatinychipundertheskinthatwillhelplocateandobtainapatient’smedicalrecords.AtanightclubinParisorinNewYorkthesamechipgetsyouintotheVIPveryimportantpersonsectionandpaysforthebillwiththewaveofanarm.Takeastepback:10or12yearsagoyouwouldhaveheardaboutthecomingageofcomputing.Oneexamplealwaysseemedtosurface:Yourrefrigeratorwouldknowwhenyouneededtobuymoremilk.TheconceptwasthatcomputerchipscouldbeputeverywhereandsendinformationinasmartnetworkthatwouldmakeordinarylifesimplerRFIDtagsareasmallpartofthisphenomenon.TheworldisgoingtobealooselycoupledsetofindividualsmalldevicesconnectedwirelesslypredictsDr.J.Reich.Humanrightsupportersarenervousaboutthepossibilitiesofsuchtechnology.ItgoestoofartrackingschoolkidsthroughRFIDtagstheysay.Weimagineaworldinwhichabeercompanycouldfindoutnotonlywhenyouboughtabeerbutalsowhenyoudrankit.Andhowmanybeers.Accompaniedbyhowmanybiscuits.w*w*WhenMarconiinventedradiohethoughtitwouldbeusedforship-to-shorecommunication.NotforpopmusiC.WhoknowshowRFIDandrelatedtechnologieswillbeusedinthefuturE.Here’sawildguess:Notforbuyingmilk.1.Thearticleisintendedto______.A.warnpeopleofthepossiblerisksinadoptingRFIDtechnologyB.explainthebenefitsbroughtaboutbyRFIDtechnologyC.convincepeopleoftheusesofRFIDtechnologyD.predicttheapplicationsofRFIDtechnology2.WeknowfromthepassagethatwiththehelpofRFIDtagspeople.A.willhavenotroublegettingdataaboutothersB.willhavemoreenergyforconversationC.willhavemoretimetomakefriendsD.won’tfeelshyatpartiesanylonger3.PassiveRFIDtagschieflyconsistof.A.scanningdevicesB.radiowavesC.batteriesD.chips4.WhyaresomepeopleworriedaboutRFIDtechnology?A.Becausechildrenwillbetrackedbystrangers.B.BecausemarketcompetitionwillbecomemorefiercE.C.BecausetheirprivateliveswillbegreatlyaffecteD.D.Becausecustomerswillbeforcedtobuymoreproducts.5.ThelastparagraphimpliesthatRFIDtechnology.A.willnotbeusedforsuchmattersasbuyingmilkB.willbewidelyusedincludingforbuyingmilkC.willbelimitedtocommunicationusesD.willprobablybeusedforpopmusic

ManychildrenfirstlearnthevalueofmoneybyreceivinganallowancE.Thepurposeistoletchildrenlearnfromexperienceatanagewhenfinancialmistakesarenotverycostly.Theamountofmoneythatparentsgivetotheirchildrentospendastheywishdiffersfromfamilytofamily.Timingisanotherconsideration.SomechildrengetaweeklyallowancE.OthersgetamonthlyallowancE.Inanycaseparentsshouldmakeclearwhatifanythingthechildisexpectedtopayforwiththemoney.Atfirstyoungchildrenmayspendalloftheirallowancesoonaftertheyreceiveit.Iftheydothistheywilllearnthehardwaythatspendingmustbedonewithinabudget.ParentsareusuallyadvisednottooffermoremoneyuntilthenextallowancE.Theobjectistoshowyoungpeoplethatabudgetdemandschoicesbetweenspendingandsaving.Olderchildrenmayberesponsibleenoughtosavemoneyforlargercostslikeclothingorelectronics.ManypeoplethinkitisnotagoodideatopayyourchildforworkaroundthehomE.ThesejobsareanormalpartoffamilylifE.Payingchildrentodoextraworkaroundthehousehowevercanbeuseful.Itcanevenprovideanunderstandingofhowabusinessworks.Allowancesgivechildrenachancetoexperiencethethreethingstheycandowithmoney.TheycanshareitintheformofgiftsorgivingtoagoodcausE.Theycanspenditbybuyingthingstheywant.Ortheycansaveit.Savinghelpschildrenunderstandthatcostlygoalsrequiresacrifice:youhavetocutcostsandplanforthefuturE.Requiringchildrentosavepartoftheirallowancecanalsoopenthedoortofuturesaving.A.savingaccountisanexcellentwaytolearnaboutthepowerofcompoundinterest.Compoundingworksbypayinginterestoninterest.Soforexampleonedollarinvestedattwopercentinterestfortwoyearswillearntwocentsinthefirstyear.Thesecondyearthemoneywillearntwopercentofonedollarandtwocentsandsoon.Thatmaynotseemlikealot.Butovertimeitaddsup.14.Manyparentsgivechildrenanallowanceregularlyto______.A.meetchildren’sbasicneedforlifeB.givecontrolovertheirchildrenC.seewhethertheyhavefinancialmistakesD.helpchildrenlearnhowtomanagemoney15.ForChildrenwhoreceiveallowancesthey’dbetternot________.A.wastemoneytobuygiftsfortheirparentsorfriendsB.buytheirfavoriteclothingorelectronicsforthemselvesC.savemoneyliketheirparentsorotheradultsD.askforthenextallowancebeforethedecideddatE.16.Ifchildrenarerequiredtosavetheirallowancethey______.A.canexperiencethethreethingsrelatedtomoneyB.canunderstandtherelationbetweengoalsandsacrificeC.willdomoreworkaroundthehouseD.helpthemselvesfoundthebasisfortheirfuturelife17.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasecompoundinterestmean?A.Theinterestbasedontheoriginalmoneyandunpaidinterest.B.A.wayofhelpingchildrenearntwopercentinterest.C.Theinterestintendedforchildrentoearnmoney.D.A.savingaccountopenedforchildren’sallowancE.18.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtoGiveChildrenanAllowanceB.SpendYourAllowancewithinaBudgetC.AllowanceHelpsChildrenLearnaboutMoneyD.DoingHouseworkEarnsChildrenAllowance

SanFranciscoaleaderinurbanrecyclingispreparingtoturndogwasteintoenergy.NorcalWasteSystemInC.thecity’slargestgarbagecompanyplanstotestcollectioncarts回收车andcollectionbagsinacity-centerparkwhichispopularwithdogwalkers.A.citystudyfoundthatalmost4percentofallthegarbagepickedupatSanFranciscohomeswasfromanimalwasteNorcalWastespokesmanRobertReidsaiD.SanFranciscohasabout120000dogs.Thecityaskedustostartaprogramtorecycledogwasteinordertocutbackaddingmorewasteinlandfills废渣埋填池ReidsaiD.Dogwastewillbepouredintoamethanedigester沼气池andthemethaneitgivesoffwillbecollectedandburnedtomakeelectricityortoheathomes.DogsandcatsintheUnitedStatesproduceabout10milliontonsofwasteayearWillBrintonanenvironmentalscientistsaiD.AsmuchaswelovethemourpetsleavealotoffertilizerbehindtheminyardsandonthestreetbutthatcanbeamajorsourceofcontaminationofgroundwaterBrintonsaiD.EuropeancitiessuchasZurichFrankfurtMunichandViennaarestartingbiologyprogramstoturnwasteintogashesaiD.SanFranciscorunsagreatprogramtorecyclebottlescarspaperandotherrubbishandnowtwo-thirdsofitsgarbageneedn’tbecarriedtolandfills.Thecity’sgoalisa75percentdropby2010andzeronewwasteinlandfillsby2020.SanFranciscowillplantousedogwasteformaking__________.A.fertilizerB.gasC.electricityD.methaneWhatdoestheunderlinedwordcontaminationmean?A.IncreaseB.ReductionC.FlowD.PollutionWhatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.SanFranciscoisshortofelectricityB.SanFranciscohasdonealotofinrubbishrecycling.C.FewerpeoplewillkeepdogsaspetsinSanFranciscoD.Therewillbenorubbishby2010inSanFranciscoThepassageismainlyabout_______.A.SanFrancisco‘snewpolicyforpetkeepersB.SanFrancisco‘snewplanforrecyclingC.howtokeepacitycleanD.howtodealwithrubbish

Halfofallbossessayalackofsleepmakesthemirritable易怒的andproneto有倾向的shoutattheirstaffastudysaiD.OneinfivemanagersalsosaidbeingkeptawakeatnightmeanttheyweremorelikelytomakemistakestheMoripollof1006peoplerevealed显示.Some48%ofpeopleaged35to44saidtheydidnotgetenoughsleepcomparedtoanationalaverage39%.Amongthatagegrouppeoplewithyoungchildrenandmanagerial管理的jobsweremostlikelytosuffer.Thereportcommissioned委托bythethinktankDe??mosandIkeasaidtheissueofsleephadbeenforgotteninthework/lifebalancedebatE.ReportauthorCharlesLeadbeatersaidOnanyworkingdayaquarterofallmanagersinBritainarelikelytobeinabadmoodbecausetheyhavenotsleptwell.Thesesleep-deprivedandshoutymanagerswithatend??encytomakemistakesareresponsibleformillionsofBritishworkers.It’shardlyarecipeforgoodmanagement.AndMr.Leadbeatercalledonthegovernmentandem??ployerstotakeaction.A.smalllossofsleepislikelytohaveabigimpactonpeoplewholeadstressfullives.Stressedoutparentsarealreadynotsleepingenough.Theyarethepeoplemostlikelytohavetheirsleepdisruptedandtheyareleastabletorecover.Apartfromchildrenkeepingtheirparentsawakeworryingaboutworkisthebiggestcauseofwakefulnessatnightamongmanagers.Womenarefivetimesmorelikelythanmentolosesleepbecausetheirpartnerssnore打呼噜.Thereportpredictedthattherewaslikelytobeagrowingmarketofsleep-deprivedpeoplewithanincreaseinpublicnapping.Opportunitiestotakeanapatworkarealsolikelytoin??creaseandthereportrecommendedthatemployerstaketheirresponsibilityforensuringemployeeswerewellsleptmorese??riously.PeterJelkebymarketingmanageratIkeasaidthere??searchconfirmedsuspicionsBritonswerenotgettingenoughsleep.Andheadded:ThisishavingadetrimentaleffectonoursocietyasawholE.9.Whichoffollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A.Halfofthepeoplesayalackofsleepmakesthemirrita??blE.B.20%managerssaidbeingkeptawakeatnightmeanttheyweremorelikelytomakemistakes.C.Some48%ofpeoplesaidtheydidnotgetenoughsleep.D.Peoplewithyoungchildrenandmanagerialjobsweremostlikelytosuffer.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedworddetrimentalmean?A.良好的.B.有害的C.片面的D.致命的11.Whothatsufferedsleepdisruptedareleastabletorecover?A.Thebosses.B.Managers.C.Peopleaged35to44.D.Stressedoutparents.12.Apartfromchildrenkeeping:theirparentsawake________isthebiggestcauseofwakefulnessatnightamongmanagers.A.worryingaboutworkB.theirpartners’snoringC.therelationshipD.workingconditions

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagE.FillinthenumberedblanksbyusingtheinformationforthepassagE.WriteNOMORETHAN3WORDSforeachanswer.A.Low-CarbonEconomyLCEreferstoaneconomywhichhasaminimalemissionofgreenhousegasGHGnamelycarbondioxideintothebiosphere生物圈.RecentlymostofthescientistsandthepublicholdtheopinionthattheclimateischangingbecausethereissuchanaccumulationofCO2intheatmosphereduetohumanactivities.Theover-concentrationofthesegasesisproducingglobalwarmingthataffectslong-termclimatewithnegativeimpactsonhumanityintheforeseeablefuturE.LCEthereforeisproposedasameanstoavoidcatastrophicclimatechangE.Allnationswhichareconsideredcarbonintensivesocietiesandsocietieswhichareheavilypopulatedshouldbecomezero-carbonsocietiesandeconomies.Severalofthesecountrieshavepromisedtobecome'lowcarbon'butnotentirelyzerocarbonandclaimthatemissionswillbecutby100%bybalancingemissionsratherthanceasingallemissions.NuclearpowerandthestrategiesofcarboncaptureandstorageCCShavebeenproposedastheprimarymeanstoachieveaLCEwhilecontinuingtoexploitnon-renewableresources.Scientistsareafraidhoweverwhetherthespent-nuclear-fuelcanbestoredandwhetheritissecurE.AlsotheyarenotcertainaboutthecostsandtimeneededtosuccessfullyimplementCCSworldwideandwhetherthestoredemissionswillleakintothebiosphereornot.AlternativelymanyhaveproposedrenewableenergyshouldbethemainbasisofaLCEbuttheyhavetheirassociatedproblemsofhigh-costandinefficiency;thisischanginghoweversinceinvestmentandproductionhavebeengrowingsignificantlyinrecenttimes.FurthermoreithasbeenproposedthattomakethetransitiontoanLCEeconomicallyattractivewewouldhavetoattachacostperunitoutputtoGHGsthroughmeanssuchasemissionstradingand/oracarbontax.A.LCEisaimedtointegrateallaspectsofitselffromitsmanufacturingagriculturetransportationtopower-generationaroundtechnologiesthatproduceenergyandmaterialswithlittleGHGemissionandthusaroundpopulationsbuildingsmachinesanddeviceswhichusethoseenergiesandmaterialsefficientlyanddisposeoforrecycleitswastessoastohaveaminimaloutputofGHGs.Title:71I.72:aneconomywithaminimaloutputofGHGII.73ofthepresenteconomy:●globalwarming●long-termclimatechange●74onhumanityIII.75:●toproduceenergyandmaterialswithlittleGHGemission●tousethoseenergiesandmaterialsefficiently●tohave76ofGHGsIV.77toachieveaLCE:●nuclearpower●thestrategiesofcarboncaptureandstorage●renewableenergy●78●acarbontaxV.79:●spent-nuclear-fuelstorage/storageofspent-nuclear-fuel●80●uncertaintyaboutthecostsandtimeneeded

第三部分阅读理解共20小题每小题2分满分40分AExpertsaroundEuropearediscussingtheembarrassingmuseumsafetyfollowingthetheftoftwoartmasterpiecepaintingsonSunday.A.largehuntgotunderwayMondayforthieveswhowalkedintoalightlyguardedmuseuminOsloNorwaytoretwopaintingsoffthewallandranaway.Someexpressedfearthatworksofartareinincreasingdangerfromviolentrobbery—unlesssaidDeputyCultureMinisterYngveSlettholmwelocktheminamountainbunker碉堡.ArmedmaskedrobbersstoletheEdvardMunchmasterpieceTheScreamandanotherofMunch'sworksMadonnafromOslo'sMunchMuseumonSundayasvisitorswatchedindisbelief.Thepurposebehindtherobberyalsoremainedunknown.Butartexpertsguessedthethieveswereeitherlookingformoneyorwishedtoimpressothercriminalssinceitwouldbenearlyimpossibletosellsuchfamouspiecesofart.Thisisthesecondtimeinadecadethataversionofthepaintinghasbeenstolen.AnotherversionofTheScreamwasstolenfromOslo'sNationalGalleryinFebruary2004butrecoveredthreemonthslater.TheMunchworkswerenotinsuredagainsttheftbecauseitwasimpossibletosetapriceonthemsaidJohnOeyaasmanagingdirectorofOsloForsikringthecity-ownedcompanythatinsuredthepaintingsagainstdamagE.ButhesaidthetheftinbroaddaylightfromoneofNorway'smostvisitedmuseumsraisesthequestionofsecurity—Howcanwemaketheseartworksavailabletothepublicwhilestillensuringtheirsafety?56.Thestolenpaintingsweredrawnby______.A.OsloForsikringB.YngveSlettholmC.EdvardMunchD.JohnOeyaas57.Whichofthefollowingdescriptioniscorrectaboutthetheft?A.ThetwopaintingswerestolenonMondayB.VisitorstothemuseumsawthefacesoftherobbersC.ThethieveswerelookingformoneyD.Thethieveshadweaponswiththemduringthetheft58.TheOslo’sMunchMuseum______.A.isoneofthemostpopularmuseuminthecountryB.hadallitspaintingsinsuredagainsttheftC.weregoingtolockthepaintingsinamountainbunkerD.hadanotherversionofTheScreamstolenin200459.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.DangersofViolentRobberyB.HowtoEnsureSafetyofArtworksC.PricelessArtLostinBoldTheftD.FamousArtWorksFavoredbyThieves

Modernmanhasclearedtheforestsforfarmlandandforwoodandhasalsocarelesslyburnedthem.Morethanthatthoughhehasalsointerfered干涉withtheinvisiblebondsbetweenthelivingthingsintheforests.Therearemanyexamplesofthiskindofdestruction.Theharmfulnessofman’sinterferencecanbeseeninwhathappenedmanyyearsagointheforestoftheKaibabplateau凯亚巴布高原ofnorthernArizonA.MantriedtoimproveonthenaturalwebofforestlifeanddestroyeditinsteaD.TheKaibabhadastorybookforestoflargesizedpineDouglasfirwhitefirblueandEngelmannsprucE.In1882avisitornotedWewho...havewanderedthroughitsforestsandparkshavecometoregarditasthemostenchantingregionithaseverbeenourprivilege特权tovisit.ThiswasalsothelivingplaceoftheRockyMountainmuledeer.Indianshuntedthereeveryautumntogathermeatandskins.Theforestalsohadmountainlionstimberwolvesandbobcatsthatkeptthedeerfrommultiplyingtoorapidly.Thenin1906PresidentTheodoreRooseveltmadetheKaibabanationalgamepreservE.Deerhuntingwasforbidden.Governmenthuntersstartedkillingoffthedeer’senemies.In25years’time6250mountainlionswolvesandbobcatswerekilleD.Beforetheprogramtherewereabout4000deerintheKaibabby1924therewereabout100000.Thedeerateeveryleafandtwigtheycouldreach.ButtherewasnotnearlyenoughfooD.Huntingofdeerwaspermittedagain.Thiscausedaslightdecreaseinthedeerherd鹿群butafargreaterlossresultedfromstarvation饥饿anddiseasE.Some60percentofthedeerherddiedintwowinters.By1930theherdhaddroppedto20000animals.By1942itwasdownto8000.ThedestructionoftheenvironmentoftheKaibabresultedfrom.A.turningtheforestintocultivatedlandB.interferingwithnaturalcycleofforestlifeC.forestfirescausedbyman’scarelessnessD.cuttingthetreesforbuildingmaterialsEngelmannspruceParA.2ismostlikelythenameof.A.atreeB.ananimalC.amountainD.agameThenumberofthedeerintheKaibabhadincreasedenormouslyinyears’timE.A.25B.6C.18D.12YearslaterlargenumbersofdeerintheKaibabdiedmainlybecauseof.A.thecoldB.theorganizedkillC.theshortageoffoodD.thepoormanagement

Whenseveraldifferentpeoplelookatthesamepersonitisnotunusualforeachofthemtoseedifferentthings;whenyoualoneobserveonebehaviororonepersonattwodifferenttimesyoumayseedifferentthings.Thefollowingareonlysomeofthefactorsthatleadtothesevaryingperceptions感知认知:1Eachperson’sperceptionsofothersareformedbyhisorherownculturalconditioningeducationandpersonalexperiences.2Sometimesperceptionsdifferbecauseofwhatwechoosetoobserveandhowwedealwithwhatwe’veobserveD.Itisnotnecessarilytruethataperson'sperceptionisbasedonobservationsofaparticularperson.Yourobservationsmaybetotallycontrolledbywhatothershavetoldyouaboutthispersonoryoumayfocus聚焦primarilyonthesituationorrolerelationship.Mostpeopledonotusethesamestandardtomeasuretheirparentstheirfriendsandstrangers.3Sometimesweseeonlywhatwewanttoseeordon’tseewhatmaybeobvioustoothersbecauseofourownneedsdesiresortemporaryemotionalstates.Thisisaprocessknownasselectiveperception.Selectiveperceptionisobviouslymoredifficultwhencontradictory矛盾的informationisparticularlyobviousbutitcanbedonE.Wecanignore忽视themisdeed—He’sbasicallyagoodboysowhatIsawwasnotshoplifting入店行窃.Wecanreducetheimportanceofthecontradictoryinformation—Allkidsarenaughty.Takingabookfromthebookstoreisn’tsuchabigdeal.Wecanchangethemeaningofthecontradictoryinformation—Itwasn’tshopliftingbecausehewasgoingtopayforitlater.Thefirstfactorgivenbytheauthorthataffectsourperceptionis_______.A.whatweseeandwhatwehearB.culturalbackgroundandpersonalexperiencesC.experiencesonelearnsfromothersD.criticalmeasurestakenbyotherpeopleWhileoneobservesaparticularperson_______.A.heislikelytotakeeverythingintoconsiderationB.hepaysmoreattentiontotheperson'sadvantagesC.childrenoftendifferfromgrown-upsinperceptionD.hisperceptionmaybeaffectedbyotherpeople'sopinionsObservationofthesamepersonbytwopeopleatthesametimemaydifferbecause_______.A.theirmeasuringstandardsarenotthesameB.eitherofthemmaybeslowtocatchinformationC.thetimeforobservationisnotlongenoughD.eachofthemusesdifferentlanguagestoexpresshis/herimpressionsTheworstthinginselectiveperceptionisthat________.A.perceivedinformationrunsagainstyourdesireB.itcontainssomeprivatefeelingsthatmaybewrongC.importanceofthecontradictoryinformationcanbepraisedD.thesameinformationmaynotbedealtwithinthesameway

CLiveEarthAnnounces2010GlobalEvent!ThisisthewebversionoftheOctober152009LiveEarthemailtomembers.Clickheretojoinandreceivebi-weeklyupdatesfromLiveEarth.LiveEarthispleasedtoannouncethelargestworldwidewaterinitiative倡议inhistorytohelpfighttheglobalwatercrisis.TheDowLiveEarthRunforWater—totakeplaceonApril182010—willconsistofaseriesof6kmrun/walkstheaveragedistancemanywomenandchildrenwalkeverydaytogetwatertakingplaceoverthecourseof24hoursincountriesaroundtheworldfeaturingconcertsandwatereducationactivitiesraisingawarenessandfundstohelpsolvethewatercrisis.JessicaBielAlexandraCousteauPeteWentzAngeliqueKidjoandJennyFletcherwilllendtheirnamesandtheirtimeinsupportofthisglobalevent.WatershortageisamajorissueaffectingcountriescommunitiesandfamiliesallovertheworlD.Oneineightpeopledoesn’thaveaccesstosafecleandrinkingwater.CommunitiesinAfricaLatinAmericaandAsiasuffer1.8milliondeathseveryyearfromdiarrheal腹泻diseasesandthedeathof5000childreneachdayduetoinadequatewaterinfrastructure基础设施.Intheseareaswomenandchildrenareforcedtowalk6km3.7mileseachdaytogetwaterthatislikelyunsuitablefordrinking.Howeverthewatercrisisisnotonlylimitedtodevelopingnations.AddingtotheseexistingissuestheeffectsofclimatechangeareincreasinglyimpactingbothsupplyandqualityofavailablefreshwaterthroughouttheworlD.In60%ofEuropeancitieswithpopulationsgreaterthan100000groundwaterisbeingusedfasterthanitcanbereplenished补充.By2025two-thirdsoftheworld’spopulationcouldbelivingunderwater-stressedconditions.YoucanhelpsolvethewatercrisisbyparticipatingintheApril18thevent.Run/walkregistrationisnowofficiallyopen!Signupnowathttp://liveearth.org/run.Thanksandbesuretovisitliveearth.orgforthelatestonTheDowLiveEarthRunforWaterconservationtipsandmore!FollowLiveEarthon:64.WhichofthefollowingactivitieswilltheDowLiveEarthorganizeonApril182010?A.ReceivingthelatestnewsfromLiveEarth.B.Puttingonmusicalperformances.C.Callingonpopstarstowalk6kmtogetwater.D.Lendingnamesandtimetosupporttheevent.65.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthestatementsistrue?A.Youcanturntohttp://liveearth.orgforwaterprotectiontips.B.JessicaBielcan’ttakepartintheeventevenifshesignsup.C.TheinformationonLiveEarthisupdatedeverymonth.D.Everyyear1.8millionpeopleintheworlddiefromthediseaserelatedtodirtywater.66.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat__________.A.by2010two-thirdsoftheworld’spopulationwillbeshortofwaterB.wecansolvethewatercrisisbytakingpartintheApril18theventC.seven-eighthsofthepeopleinAsiacanhaveaccesstosafecleandrinkingwaterD.therearedifferentchannelsforpeopletogetaccesstoLiveEarth