So important is the web to an orb-web spider's survival that the animal will continue to construct new webs daily even if it is being starveD. For 16 days the starving spider builds completely normal webs. Then, as the animal gets scrawnier（憔悴的）， it constructs a wider-meshed web using fewer strands（线）. Such webs would only trap larger prey, which is more economical from the perspective of a starving spider. The spider stores energy by recycling web protein. It simply eats its own web each evening and reuses it to produce new silk. In studies with radioactively，labeled materials, it was found that 95 percent of web protein reappears in the next day' weB. Most of the energy needed for web-building is used in walking over the strands as they are laid down.Scientists are impressed by the adaptability of the spider's highly preprogrammed brain, which is larger for its size than the brain of any other invertebrate（无脊推动物）.If web-building is interrupted, or if some of the existing strands are destroyed，the spider simply goes back to see where the web is left off and then finishes building a normal weB. One spider will finish building the incomplete web of another.　 64. Which of the following best expresses the main ides of the passage? A. Secrets of Spiders' Adaptability B. Importance of Webs to Spiders C. Secrets of the Spiders' Life D. Spiders' Highly Preprogrammed Brain65.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Mast spiders will stop conducting webs when hungry B. One Web-building spider usually conducts one web C. Web-building spiders will probably die without their webs. D. Web-building spiders have good eyesight.66.A.spider conducts a wider-meshed web when＿ A. it is 16 days old 　B. it is getting weaker C. it has fewer strands 　D. it hunts for food67.A.spider's ability to finish an incomplete web proves that＿ A. it has a highly preprogrammed brain B. it reuses its web protein to reproduce new silk C. the web is everything for a spider　　　D. it is able to rebuild a destroyed web

Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaveshesaid.Scientistsareworkingtousethatenergytomakeelectricity.Mostwavesarecreatedwhenwindsblowacrosstheocean.Thewindstartsoutbymakinglittleripples涟漪butiftheykeeponblowingthoseripplesgetbiggerandbiggerandturnintowavesTaylorsaid.Wavesareoneofnature'swaysofpickingupenergyandthensendingitoffonajourney.Whenwavescometowardtheshorepeoplecansetupdamstoblockthewaterandsenditthroughalargewheelcalledaturbine涡轮机.Theturbinecanthenpoweranelectricalgeneratortoproduceelectricity.TheresourceishugesaidJanetSwainoftheWorldwatchInstitute.Wewillneverrunoutofwavepower.Besideswaveenergydoesnotcreatethesamepollutionasotherenergysourcessuchasoilorcoal.Oceanscoverthree-quartersoftheEarth'ssurface-thatwouldmakewavepowerseemidealforcreatingenergythroughouttheworldthoughtherearesomeweakpointsyettoovercome.Swainsaidthatwavepowerstillcoststoomuchmoney.Shealsosaidthatitseffectsonseaanimalsarestillunknown.WhatismorewavepowercouldaffectfishingandboattraffiC.Traditionalsourcesofenergylikeoilandgasmaysomedayrunout.DemandforenergytopowerourTVsandcomputersdriveourcarsandheatandcoolourhomesisrisingrapidlythroughouttheworldSwainsaid.Inthefuturewhenyouturnonalightanoceanwavecouldbeprovidingtheelectricity!64.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_______.A.testthereaders'knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders'attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor'simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem65.Theunderlinedphrasepickingupparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto_______.A.startingagainB.speedingupC.gatheringD.improving66.Wecanmakebetteruseofwaveenergyifwe_______.A.shortenitsjourneytothousandsofhomesB.buildmoresmallpowerstationsontheoceansC.reducethecostofturningitintoelectricpowerD.quickenthestepsofproducingelectricity67.Itcanbeinferredthatsomedaywemightnotworryabout________.A.airpollutionB.ourboattrafficC.ourpowersupplyD.oursupplyofseafish

BChinaisgoinggreen.Inordertoreduceairpollutionandoilshortagescarmakershaveannouncedtheirplanstodevelophybridvehicles混合燃料汽车fortheChinesemarket.Toyota’shybridcarPriuswillbereadytodriveinChinathisweek.Let’shavealookatthenewcar.Anyvehicleisahybridrunonarechargeablebatteryandgas.Hybridcarshavespecialengineswhicharesmallerthantraditionalgasengines.Thegasolineengineprovides99percentofthepowerwhenthecarisgoingatasteadyspeeD.A.speciallydesignedbatterymotorprovidesextrapowerforrunninguphillsorwhenitneedstospeedup.StepintoaPriusandturnontheenginE.Thefirstthingyounoticeisthatitisquieterthanatraditionalcar.Atthispointthecar’sgasengineisatrest.Theelectricmotorwillprovidepoweruntilthecarreachesabout24km/h.Ifyoustayatalowspeedyouareeffectivelydrivinganelectriccarwithnogasbeingusedandnowastegasgivenoff.Thecomputerdecideswhentousethegasenginewhentogoelectricandwhentouseacombinationofthetwo.Ifyougoover24km/hwhenyousteponthegaspedal油门youaretellingthecomputerhowfastyouwanttogo.Theelectricmotorrechargesautomaticallyusingasetofbatteries.Andwhendrivingatahighspeedthegasenginenotonlypowersthecarbutalsorechargesthebatteries.Whenyouusethebraketheelectricmotorinthewheelswillworklikeagenerator发电机toproduceelectricitytorechargethebatteries.Asaresultthecar’sbatterieswilllastforaround200000miles.66.Theunderlinedsentenceprobablymeans________.A.therewillbemoreandmoregreenlandinChinaB.China’snewcarsarecombinationsofdifferentgreenmodelsC.ChinaisstillyoungandlackinginexperienceD.theenvironmentisgettingbetterinChina67.Whatisthemostimportantfeatureofhybridcars?A.Theyarepoweredbybotharechargeablebatteryandgas.B.Theyhavesmallerenginesthantraditionalgasones.C.Theyonlyuse99percentoftheirpowertorunuphill.D.Theyaremuchquieterthantraditionalcars.68.Wecanknowfromthestorythat________.A.thegasenginerechargesthebatteriesaswellaspoweringthecarB.usingthebrakesuggeststhatthegasengineshouldworkC.thecar’sbatterieswilllastforaround200000mileswithoutbeingrechargedD.thebatteriescanberechargedatanytimeyouwant69.Theauthorwritesthepassagemainlyto________.A.announceplanstodevelophybridvehiclesfortheChinesemarketB.letpeopleknowhowtosavetheirgaswhendrivingacarC.teachpeoplehowtodriveahybridcarD.introduceanewkindofgreencar70.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.Thehybridcarisenvironmentallyfriendly.B.ThehybridcarisunabletogetitselfrechargeD.C.Thehybridcarhasbeenmadeinmass.D.Thehybridcarcandecidewhatpowertouse

LASTweek'sdecisionbytheInternationalAstronomicalUnionIAUtostripPluto冥王星ofitsplanetarystatusheldsinceitsdiscoveryin1930hasmadealotofpeoplesaD.PlutoAmericansciencewriterDavaSobelwritesinherbookThePlanetsstillhasanemotionalholdonplanethooD.PeoplelovePluto.Childrenidentifywithitssmallness.AdultsfeltithardtoacceptitsisolatedexistencE.ManypeoplefeltsorryaboutPluto'sdemotion降级.IjustcannotacceptthisatthistimesaysLiuMing29whorunsasmallcompanyinShanghai.Iwastaughtthat'theNineGreatPlanets’formedoursolarsystemsinceprimaryschool.Andnowtheysuddenlydecreasetheplanetstoeight.ThiswilltakesometimeformostofustoabsorbitsaysLiu.Ordinarypeoplearesimplynotusedtoitbutforsomeprofessionalsespeciallythepersonsinchargeofplanetariums天文馆andeducatorsthechangehasbecomearealheadachE.TheeightinsteadofninechangewillaffectthousandsofplanetariumsaroundtheworlD.SchoolswillalsobegreatlyaffecteD.InChinateachersareanxiousasoutdatedtextbooksareprintedandgivenouttotheremotestcornerofthecountryforschoolchildrenreadytostartanewtermsoon.AccordingtotheMinistryofEducationnewtextbookswithchangedcontentswillnotbeavailableuntilnextyear.ZhaoZhihengamemberoftheAstronomyAssociationfromTianjinsuggestedthatprimaryandmiddleschoolteachersbetrainedintheimprovedknowledgeandthatthemediacarrymorestoriestoletpeopleknowaboutthechangeassoonaspossiblE.45.Theunderlinedphrasestripofinparagraph1means__________.A.takeawayfromB.markwithC.getreadyforD.pushinto50.What’sthefeelingofordinarypeopletothechange?A.TheythoughtitnecessarytohaveachangE.B.Theyaccepteditwithouthesitation.C.Theyfeltalittlesadandnotusedtoit.D.TheywerestronglyagainstthechangE.51.Whydidthechangeaffectschoolsgreatly?A.Teachersdisagreedwiththechangeandrefusedtoacceptit.B.Schoolshadtospendalotofmoneyonbooks.C.Studentsdonotlikethechangeofit.D.Newtextbookswillnotbereadysosoon.52.InthefollowingsuggestionswhichoneismadebyZhaoZhiheng?A.Planetariumsaroundtheworldshouldadapttothechangequickly.B.ThemediashouldmakeitknowntopeopleassoonaspossiblE.C.Teachersneedn’tbetrainedinimprovedknowledgeassoonaspossiblE.D.SchoolchildrenshouldbereadyforthenewknowledgE.

DOnAngerDoctorssayangercanbeanextremelyharmfulemotionunlessyoulearnhowtodealwithit.Theywarnthatangryfeelingscanleadtoheartdiseasestomachproblemheadachesemotionalproblemsandpossiblycancer.AngerisanormalemotionthatweallfeelfromtimetotimE.Somepeopleexpressangeropenlyinacalmreasonableway.Othersburstwithangerlosingcontrolofthemselves.Butotherpeoplerepresstheiranger.Theycannotorwillnotexpressit.Foryearsmanydoctorsthoughtthatrepressingangerwasmoredangeroustoaperson’shealththanexpressingit.Theysaidthatwhenapersonisangrythebrainreleasesthesamehormones激素thatareproducedduringtensesituations.Theyspeedtheheartrateraisebloodpressureorsugarintothebloodandnarrowthebloodvesselstotheinterstices空隙.Ingeneralthepersonfeelsexcitedandreadytoact.DoctorssaidthatrepressingthesefeelingsonlymakesthefeelingscontinuE.Andthiscanleadtomanymedicalproblems.Doctorsthoughtapersoncouldpreventtheseproblemsbylettingtheangeroutbyexpressingitfreely.Butrecentlysomedoctorsheldadifferentview.Theysaidthatpeoplewhoexpressangerrepeatedlyandviolentlydidbecomeinfactmoreandnotlessangry.Theysaidthistoocancausemedicalproblems.Somedoctorssaythatbothrepressingandexpressingangercanbedangerous.TheybelievethatthosewhoexpressangerstronglymaybemorelikelytodevelopheartdiseaseandtheybelievethatthosewhokeeptheirangerinsidemayfaceagreaterdangerofhighbloodpressurE.Doctorssaythesolutionislearninghowtodealwithanger.Theysaythefirststepistoadmitthatyouareangryandtorecognizetherealcauseoftheangerthendecideifthecauseisseriousenoughtogetangryabout.IfitistheysayDonotexpressyourangerwhileangry.Waituntilyourangerhascooleddownandyouareabletoexpressyourselfcalmlyandreasonably.69.RepressingangerwasconsideredtobedangerousbecauseofallthefollowingEXCEPTthat__________.A.theheartrateincreasesB.thebloodpressurerisesC.thebloodcontainssugarD.somebloodvesselsbecomethinner70.Whichofthefollowingisthemorerecentviewabouttheexpressionofanger?A.Itisdangeroustoexpressangerrepeatedlyorrepressone’sanger.B.Onecanavoidhismedicalproblemsbyexpressinghisangerfreely.C.One’sheartratewillincreaseifhisangerisrepresseD.D.Oneislikelytosufferfromhighbloodpressureinafitofgreatanger.71.Whenyougetangrywhichofthefollowingshouldyoudoforthesakeofhealth?A.Repressingtheanger.B.Expressingtheanger.C.Treatingtheangerproperly.D.Learninghowtomakeadeal.72.Whatisthecentraltopicofthispassageabout?A.Thedifferentwaysofdealingwithanger.B.ThedangersofangerandthesolutionC.Newmedicaldiscoveries.D.Theargumentbetweenthenewandoldviewsaboutanger.

C.A.weathermapisanimportanttoolforgeographers.A.successionofthreeorfourmapspresentsacontinuouspictureofweatherchanges.Weatherforecastersareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts冷暖空气团接触的锋todeterminewhetheranindividualpressureareaisdeepeningorbecomingshallowandwhetherafrontisincreasingordecreasinginintensity.Theyarealsoabletodeterminewhetheranairmassisretainingitsoriginalcharacteristicsortakingonthoseofthesurfaceoverwhichitismoving.ThusamostsignificantfunctionofthemapistorevealasynopticpictureofconditionsintheatmosphereatagiventimE.Allstudentsofgeographyshouldbeabletointerpretaweathermapaccurately.WeathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalareA.TheyrevealinafewminuteswhatotherwisewouldtakehourstodescribE.TheUnitedStatesWeatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstormsfloodsfrostsdroughtsandallclimaticconditionsingeneral.Twiceamonthitissuesa30-dayoutlookwhichisaroughguidetoweatherconditionslikelytooccuroverbroadareasoftheUnitedStates.These30-dayoutlooksarebaseduponananalysisoftheupperairlevelswhichoftensetthestageforthedevelopmentofairmassesfrontsandstorms.Considerableeffortisbeingexertedtodaytoachievemoreaccurateweatherpredictions.Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandearthsatellitesenormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations气象站.Extensiveexperimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodification改变studies.Butthelimitationsofmodificationhavepreventedmeteorologicalresultsexceptintheseedingofsuper-cooledupslopemountainouswindswhichhaveproducedadditionalorographic山岳形态的precipitationonthewindwardsideofmountainranges.Neverthelesstheyhaveprovidedaclearerunderstandingofthefundamentalsofweatherelements.72.Byreadingweathermapsstudentsmajoringingeographycan.A.designaprojectofweathermodificationB.interprettheweatherconditionbeforethetimeofobservationC.obtaindataonatmosphericconditionsoverawideareaD.surveyever-changingfrontsinlocalmeteorologicalstations73.A.thirty-dayforecastisdeterminedbyexamining.A.dailyweathermapsB.upperairlevelsC.satellitereportsD.changingfronts74.Theobservationofweatherconditionsbysatellitesisadvantageousbecause______.A.electronicinstrumentsareusedB.itenablesmantoaltertheweatherC.itmakesweatherpredictionmoretime-consumingD.informationnotobtainedreadilyotherwisecanbegained75.Atthepresenttimeexperimentsarebeingconductedin.A.controllingandinfluencingweatherB.determiningdensityofpressuregroupsC.30-dayoutlooksD.predictingstorms

Geniusesamazeusimpressusandmakeusallalittlejealous.Howdotheydifferfromtheaverageperson?Scientistsareworkinghardtofigureoutthatanswer.TuneintotheNationalGeographicChanneltofindoutaboutthediscoveriesthey’remakingintheseriesMyBrilliantBrain.WhenMarcYuwasonlytwoyearsoldhebegantoplaythepiano.AfterayearhestartedlearningpiecesbyBeethoven.Nowhe’saworld-famousconcertpianistatageeight.Helearnsnewerandmoredifficultpieceswitheaseandcanidentifyanynotehehears.Heseemstobespeciallydesignedformusic.InBornGeniusNationalGeographiclooksatthesciencebehindchildprodigies神童toexplainwhysomechildrenseemtobebornwithoutlimits.Geniusdidn’tcomenaturallytoTommyMcHugh.Hiscameonlyafterhenearlydiedfrombleedinginhisbrain.AfterrecoveringMcHugh’sheadwasfilledwithnewthoughtsandpictures.Sohebegantoexpressthemintheformofpoetryandart.Nowhe’saseeminglyunstoppablecreativemachine.Sufferersofautismandbraininjuryhaveshownthatgreatmentalabilitycansometimescomefromdamageordisease.AccidentalGeniusexploresthispuzzlingrelationship.Cannormalpeoplebetrainedtobegeniuses?SusanPolgerhasshownnosignsofextraordinaryintelligence.Yetduringherchildhoodshestudiedthousandsofchesspatternsandlearnedtorecognizethemimmediately.Asaresultshewasabletobeatskilledadultplayersbyage10andcannowplayuptofivegamesatthesametimewithoutevenseeingtheboards.MakeMeaGeniusexamineswhatittakestoturnanordinarybrainintothatofagenius.Ifbecomingageniuswereeasywe’dallbeone.Yetthereismuchmoretosuperintelligencethansimplybeingbornlucky.LearnmoreaboutamazingbrainsthismonthonNationalGeographic’sMyBrilliantBrain.56.MyBrilliantBrainsismostprobablyfrom_______.A.awebsiteB.theradioC.amagazineD.anewspaper57.TheauthortakesMarcYuasanexampletoshowthatachildprodigyis.A.apersonwholearnssomethingeasilyB.achildwhoiseagertolearnnewthingsC.astudentwhopracticesaninstrumentalotD.akidwhoworkshardtodowellinschool58.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.NewthingsaboutthebrainarestillbeingdiscovereD.B.Peoplewithoutnaturalabilitiescanlearntodothingswell.C.Somepeoplenaturallyhavemoreactivebrains.D.Peopleareusuallysmarterwhentheyrecoverfrombraininjury.59.WhatwouldbethebestwaytodescribeSusanPolger’sspecialabilities?A.Born.B.Magical.C.Developed.D.Ridiculous.60.Fromthepassageweknowthat.A.scientistscompletelyunderstandthebrainB.peoplecanonlybebornasgeniusesC.there’snosuchthingasatruegeniusD.therearemanyfactorsinbeingagenius61.Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby.A.providingtypicalexamplesB.followingthenaturaltimeorderC.presentingacauseandanalyzingitseffectsD.comparingopinionsfromdifferentscientists

Believeitornotopticalillusion错觉cancuthighwaycrashes.Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Butstripescalledchevrons人字形paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyareandthusdriversslowdown.NowtheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundation基金会forTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD.C.isplanningtorepeatJapan’ssuccess.Startingnextyearthefoundationwillpaintchevronsandotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatternsreducehighwaycrashes.Excessive过多的speedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofallfataltrafficaccidentsaccordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidentsthefoundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedhazards危险arethegreatestcurvesexitslopestrafficcirclesandbridges.Somestudiessuggestthatstraighthorizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitially起初cuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.Howevertrafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars.Chevronsscientistssaynotonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspeedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents.59.Thepassagemainlydiscusses________.A.anewwayofhighwayspeedcontrolB.anewpatternforpaintinghighwaysC.anewwayoftrainingdriversD.anewtypeofopticalillusion60.Onroadspaintedwithchevronsdriverstendtofeelthat________.A.theyshouldavoidspeed-relatedhazardsB.theyaredrivinginthewronglaneC.theyshouldslowdowntheirspeedD.theyarecomingneartothespeedlimit61.Theadvantageofchevronsoverstraighthorizontalbarsisthattheformer________.A.cankeepdriversawakeB.cancutroadaccidentsinhalfC.willlookmoreattractiveD.willhavealongereffectondrivers62.TheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyplansto________.A.tryouttheJapanesemethodincertainareasB.changetheroadsignsacrossthecountryC.replacestraighthorizontalbarswithchevronsD.repeattheJapaneseroadpatterns

Thereisabrownfemale母的Canadianduckthatweighsonlyfourhundredfiftygrams.TheduckhadflowntothesouthernstateofFloridaforthewinter.AhuntershotitonJanuaryfifteenthandtookittohishomeinthecityofTallahasseE.Heputitintherefrigerator冰箱.Twodayslatertheman’swifeopenedtherefrigeratordoor.Theducklifteditsheadandlookedather.Itwasalive!Thefamilytooktheducktoadoctorwhotreatsanimals.ThedoctorgavetheducktotheGooseCreekAnimalSanctuary动物保护区.AnimalsanctuariesprovidehomesforanimalsandteachpeopleabouttheircarE.ThedoctorsaiditwaseasytounderstandwhypeoplethoughttheduckwasdeaD.Hesaidducksgenerallydonotmovea1otespeciallyafterbeingshot.Andhesaiditslowbodytemperaturehelpeditsurviveintherefrigerator.ThatwasenoughtomaketheduckfamousaroundtheworlD.TheTallahasseenewspaperpublishedthestorythatwasre-printedinmanydifferentcountries.Butthatwasnottheendofthestory.WorkersatthewildlifesanctuarynamedtheduckPerky.Andtheygotthedoctortogiveanoperationtorepairtheduck’sdamagedwing.DuringtheoperationPerkystoppedbreathing--notjustoncebuttwotimes.ThedoctortriedtosavePerkybygivingheroxygen.ButhefinallysaidtheduckhaddieD.AfewsecondslaterhoweverPerkybegantomovE.ReportssaythepeopleintheoperatingroomweresohappythattheycrieD.WorkersatthewildlifesanctuarysayPerkywillnothaveanymoreoperations.Itseemsthedrugsthatwereusedhadside-effectsonher.Perkyisexpectedtoliveatthesanctuary.AndalocalcompanyhasbeguntosellT-shirtsshowingapictureoftheluckyduck.MoneyfromthesaleoftheshirtswillhelppayforPerky’scarE.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Animalsanctuariesarehomesspeciallyforwoundedanimals.B.Thehuntershottheduckinthewing.C.Ducksdonotmoveatallforthewholewinter.D.Thehunter’swifeintendedtofreetheduckintherefrigerator.TheunderlinedWordThatinthefourthparagraphreferstothefactthat______.A.theducksurvivedtheshotandthecoldintherefrigeratorB.thehunterhadsavedtheduckbyfreezingitC.thehuntershottheduckfromCanadaD.theTallahasseenewspaperpublishedthestoryTheduckinthestory______.A.wasbigandstrongB.flewtoFloridaforfoodC.stayedintherefrigeratortokeepitsbodytemperaturelowD.wasconsidereddeadbeforebeingputintherefrigeratorWhatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.SavetheDuckB.TheLuckyDuckC.StopKillingDucksD.ThePoorDuckItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_______.A.thelocalcompanywillgetlargeprofitsbysellingtheT-shirtsB.itwasillegalformehuntertoshoottheduckC.theduckislikelytobewellcaredforinthesanctuaryD.PerkylikesFloridabetterthanCanada

Haveyoueverwonderedwhybirdssing?Maybeyouthoughtthattheywerejusthappy.Afterallyouprobablysingorwhistlewhenyouarehappy.Somescientistsbelievethatbirdsdosingsomeofthetimejustbecausetheyarehappy.However;theysingmostofthetimeforaverydifferentreason.Theirsingingisactuallyawarningtootherbirdstostayoutoftheirterritory.Doyouknowwhataterritoryis?Aterritoryisanareathatananimalusuallythemaleclaims声称asitsown.Onlyheandhisfamilyarewelcomethere.Nootherfamiliesofthesamespecies物种arewelcome.Youryardandhouseareyourterritorywhereonlyyourfamilyandfriendsarewelcome.Ifastrangershouldenteryourterritoryandthreatenyouyoumightshout.Probablythiswouldbeenoughtofrightenhimaway.Ifsoyouhaveactuallyscaredthestrangerawaywithouthavingtofighthim.Abirddoesthesamething.Butheexpectsanoutsideralmostanytimeespeciallyatnesting筑巢season.Soheisscreamingallthetimewhetherhecanseeanoutsiderornot.Thisscreamingiswhatwecallabird’ssonganditisusuallyenoughtokeepanoutsideraway.Birdssingloudestinthespringwhentheyaretryingtoattractamateandwarnothersnottoentertheterritoryoftheirs.Youcanseethatbirdshavealanguagealltheirown.Mostofithastodowithattractingmatesandsettingupterritories.56.Somescientistsbelievethatmostofthetimebirds’singingisactually.A.anexpressionofhappinessB.awayofwarningC.anexpressionofangerD.awayofgreeting57.Whatisabird’sterritory?A.AplacewherefamiliesofotherspeciesarenotaccepteD.B.AplacewhereabirdmayshoutatthetopofitsvoicE.C.Anareaforwhichbirdsfightagainsteachother.D.Anareawhichabirdconsiderstobeitsown.58.Whydobirdskeeponsingingatnestingseason?A.Becausetheywanttoinvitemorefriends.B.Becausetheirsinginghelpsfrightenoutsidersaway.C.BecausetheywanttofindoutsidersarounD.D.Becausetheirsinginghelpsgetridoftheirfears.56.Howdoesthewriterexplainbirds’singing?A.Bycomparingbirdswithhumanbeings.B.Byreportingexperimentresults.C.Bydescribingbirds’dailylifE.D.Bytellingabird’sstory.

FallingandgravityAbout400yearsagoCaltleonoticedthatobjectsspeeduporaccelerateastheyfall.HefoundthatheavyandlightthingsofthesameshapeandsizetakethesametimetofalltothegrounD.Gravitypullsthen-*downequally.Trythisforyourselfwithdifferentobjectslikeaslipper:andaheavyboot.AirresistanceObjectsofdifferentshapesandsizesfallatdifferentrates.Theshapeofaparachutemakespeoplefallmoreslowly.Theairpushingagainsttheparachutecausesalotofairresistance*.A.personwithoutaparachutefallsfasterbecauselessairpushesagainstthem.Thefastersomethingfallsthemoreairresistancethereisonit.Eventuallytheairresistanceslowingitdownbecomesasstrongasthepullofgravity.Thenitsspeednolongerchanges.ThisiscalledterminalspeeD.FreefallIftherewerenoairtherewouldbenoairresistancE.Allfallingobjectswouldjustgetfasterandfasterfreefall.67.Fallingobjectsarepulleddowntothegroundby.A.gravityB.resistanceC.speedD.acceleration加速度68.Whydopeoplemakeparachutes降落伞?A.Tolookprettyandcolourfulintheair.B.ToslowdownthefallingspeeD.C.Topushagainsttheairinthesky.D.Toacceleratethefallingmovement.69.WhichdidGalileodiscover?A.A.heavyballfallsfasterthanalightball.B.A.lightballfallsfasterthanaheavyball.C.A.lightballandaheavyballfallatthesamespeedD.A.lightballandaheavyballfallatdifferentspeeD.70.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassageA.HeavyandlightobjectsfallequallywhentheyaredifferentinsizE.B.WhenairresistanceequalsgravityobjectsfallatterminalspeeD.C.Withoutair;allfallingobjectsgetfasterandfasteratthesameratE.D.Slippers拖鞋andboots靴子fallatthesamespeedbecausetheyhavethesameshape

Despitethefactthatithasneverbeenseenalmosteveryoneisfamiliarwiththelegendaryunicorn独角兽.Descriptionsofunicornshavebeenfounddatingfromancienttimes.ThegreatphilosopherAristotletheorizedthatthereweretwotypesofunicorn---theso-calledIndianAssandtheOryxakindofantelopE.Unicornsareoftenusedinthelogoofanoblefamilytowncounciloruniversityastheirspecialsign.EvenScotlandisrepresentedbyaunicorn.AccordingtothelegendanyoneattemptingtocatchaunicornhadtobeextremelycautiousasithasareputationforbeingveryfiercE.A.clevertricksuggestedbyunicorn-trappersinordertocatchthismagnificentbeastwithoutbeinghurtbyitshornwasforthehuntertostandinfrontofatreeandthentomovequicklybehinditastheunicornchargeD.HopefullythecreaturecouldthenbecapturedwhenitshornwasstuckinthetreE.Whenhollowedoutandusedasadrinking-cuptheunicorn’shornwassaidtohavethepowertoofferprotectionagainstperson.Itwasbelievedthatnobodycouldbeharmed-bydrinkingthecontentsofaunicorn’shorn.RightupuntiltheFrenchRevolutionin1789theFrenchcourtwassaidtohaveusedcupsmadeofunicornhorninordertoprotecttheking.InadditionthehornwassaidtohavemedicinalvaluesomuchsothatitcouldbesoldformorethantentimesthepriceofthesameweightofgolD.Whatthenwasunicornhorn?Weknowattimestherhino犀牛wasconfusedwiththislegendarycreaturE.A.drinking-cupsupposedlymadeofunicornhornwasdiscoveredtobemadeofthehornofarhino.56.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheunicorn?A.ItwasnothistoricallyrecordedB.ItshornwasfirstusedinFranceC.ItwassimilartotheIndianAssandtheOryxD.Itcouldbethesymbolofauniversity57.Tocatchaunicorntheunicorn-trappershadtotryallofthefollowingEXCEPT____.A.temptingtheunicorntoattackB.makinguseofthetreeasaprotectionC.hidingquicklybehindtheunicornD.havingtheunicornhornstuckinthetree58.Thelastparagraphismainlyabout____.A.thepropertiesoftheunicornhornB.theusersoftheunicornhornC.thepriceoftheunicornhornD.thecomparisonbetweentheunicornhornandtherhinohorn59.Inthelastparagraphthewordunicornisinquotationmarks引号because_____.A.thecupisdesignedonlyforaroyalfamilyB.theunicorndoesnotexistinrealityC.theunicornistherarestanimalintheworldD.themedicinalvalueofthehornisappreciated

NativetoAmericathecanetoad癞蛤蟆wasintroducedtonorthernQueensland70yearsagotocontrolsugarcanebeetles甘蔗害虫.ThetoadsfailedinthatdutybutspreadacrossQueenslandandintoneighboringnorthernareA.Nowitcalmlyinvades侵略thestatesofWesternAustraliaandNewSouthWalesNSW.NSWwildlifeexpertsfeartheamphibians--whichhavepoisonousbacksthatkillhungrypredators食肉动物--willhaveaterribleeffectonnativeanimals.ThosefearsmaybeabouttoberealizeD.Australia’sleadinggovernmentresearchbodytheCommonwealthScienceandIndustryResearchorganizationCSIROforecastsariseinaveragetemperaturesthatwillmakeNSWideallivingplaceforthecanetoaD.TonyRobinsonheadofCSIRO’sWildlifePestsandDiseasesProgramsaidclimatechangeisincreasingtheamountofsuitablelivingplaceforthetoaD.WithclimatechangethecanetoadsmightgodownasfarasSydneyandsomeareasofWesternAustraliaRobinsonsaiD.Recentestimatesputthepaceofthetoad’swestwardmarchatnearly17miles27kilometersayearandslightlyslowerfromnorthtosouth.MoresoutherlycitiessuchasMelbourneandAdelaidewouldlikelyremaintoocoldanddrytoeversuitthetoadsRobinsonnotedbutPerthcouldexpectcanetoadsinfiveyears’timE.Sydneycouldseetheirarrivalinthenext20years.Robinsonsaidthereisno0nemethodthatwillkeepthetoadsundercontrol.ThecanetoadsalreadycoveratleasthalfofQueenslandandmostofthenortherncountrythetoadsarebelievedtonumberinthebillions.AVenezuelanviruswastriedinthe1990sbuthadtobegivenupafteritwasfoundtoalsokillnativefrogspecies.ScientistsandgovernmentalbodiesbelieveanationalapproachisneedeD.Themainthreatthetoadscausetospeciessuchasdingosquollsgoannasandcrocodilesisthepoisoncontainedinglands腺oneachofthefrogs'shoulders.Thepoisonspraysoutwhenthetoadsarethreatenedorhandledroughly.Thepoisonismadeupof14differentchemicals.Togethertheycauserapidheartbeatsexcessivesalivationconvulsionsandparalysis.CanetoadsalsocompeteandusuallywinthehuntforfoodandlivingspacE.IfthegovernmentandotherstatescombineresourcesIbelievewecanachieveaverypracticalbiological-controlresearchprogramBurnssaiD.72.WhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassageA.PoisonToadsLeapAcrossAustraliaB.StrategiesToKeeptheToadsUnderControlC.TheMainThreattheCaneToadsCauseD.ClimateFavourstheSpreadofCaneToads.73.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthecanetoadsA.Thecanetoadsarestrongenoughtokilldingosquollsorevencrocodiles.B.With14differentkindsofpoisonsinitsbodyacanetoadalwayswinsthehuntforfooD.C.ThecanetoadwasbroughttoAustraliatokillpestsfromAmerica70yearsago.D.ThetoadsmovewestwardandnorthwardbecausethereisplentyoffoodtherE.74.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.Thecanetoadbitesitsenemydeadwhenitisthreatenedorhandledrudely.B.Thecanetoadhasalreadythreatenedthesurvivalofthenativespecies.C.Scientistsandgovernmentalbodieshaveachievedasuccessfulbiological-controlprogram.D.Thecanetoadlikeswarmandwetweather.75.Theunderlinedwordstheamphibiansinthethirdparagraphmean.A.hungrypredatorsB.sugarcanebeetlesC.thecanetoadsD.dingos

Scientistsarecloselyconcernedwiththestructureofbuildingsandwiththequalityofbuildingmaterials.TheWorldhealthOrganizationWHOobservesthattheintroductionofairconditioningandenergyconservation保护measureshavebeenaccompaniedbygrowingproblemsofindoorairquality.Somepollutantsarisefrominsulation隔音productssomefrommovingcarsandothersfrommodernhousingmaterials.AsmanyEuropeansspendupto90%oftheirlivesinbuildingsthehealtheffectsoftheindoorclimateareveryimportant.Someconstructionmaterialsincludingfiberboardinsulationfoamsandcertaingluesforman-madewoodfloorboardsforexamplegiveoutorganicproductssuchasformaldehyde甲醛.Heatandhumidityincreasethereleaseofformaldehydeandthegasseriouslyharmstheeyes.PaintlacqueretC.canalsoreleasedangerousgasintoindoorair.Constructionmaterialscancauseseriousdamageespeciallywhentheycontainasbestos石棉.AsbestosisnaturallypresentinrockformationsworldwidE.Itbelongstoafamilyofmineralsubstancesmadeupofsolidnon-combustible非易燃品fiber.Thesepropertiesmakeasbestosahighlysought-afterconstructionmaterial.Asearlyas1931howeverpublichealthofficersintheUnitedKingdomrevealedtheconnectionbetweenbreathinginasbestosdustandsuchdiseasesaslungcancer.Thelandonwhichabuildingissitedmayalsocontributetopollution.Somekindsofgraniteorsimilarrockscontaintracesofradium.Asitbreaksdownthisnaturallyradioactiveelementproducessomekindofradioactivegasthatgoesthroughtinycracksinwallsfloorsandbuildingmaterialsandmakesitswayintothebuildingandtherooms.Thebetterthehomesareinsulatedthemoreisthedangerousgasinindoorair.Themaineffectofthisdangerousgasonhealthistoincreasetheriskoflungcancer.53.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Somebuildingmaterialspolluteindoorair.B.Somefactorscauseindoorairpollution.C.Asbestoscancauselungcancer.D.Thelandonwhichhousesarebuiltcontributestoindoorpollution.54.WhyareEuropeansparticularlyconcernedwithbuildingmaterials?A.LotsofbuildingmaterialsthereareradioactivE.B.Theystayhomeupto90%oftheirlives.C.Theyhaveahighrateoflungcancer.D.Theyspendmostoftheirtimeindoors.55.Whyisasbestosasought-afterbuildingmaterial?A.Itisakindofinsulationfoam.B.Asbestoswillnotgiveoutdangerousgas.C.ThismaterialisnoteasytocatchfirE.D.Itisrarelypresentinrockformations.56.Whyshouldwebecarefulaboutthelandonwhichabuildingistobesited?A.Todeterminewhetherthelandisfirmenoughforabuildingtobesitedon.B.Tomakesurethatthelandcontainsnoradioactivematerial.C.Tomakecertainthatthelandreleasesnoformaldehydeorothergases.D.Tocheckwhetheritcontainsanycombustiblematerials.

CManyOlderDoctorsPlantoGiveupTheirPracticeTheresultsofanewsurveyindicatethat48percentofphysiciansbetween50and65yearsofageareplanningtoreduceorendtheirclinicalpracticeinthenextlto3years.Thefindingsalsosuggestthatmanyolderphysiciansbelievethattheiryoungercounterpartsdonothavetheworkethictheydo.ThesurveywhichwasconductedbyMerrittHawkins＆AssociatesaTexas-basedphysiciansearchandconsultingfirmsuggeststhatmanyolderphysiciansaresimplyunhappywiththechangesthathavetakenplaceinmedicineovertheyears.WhenBabyBoomdoctorsenteredmedicinetheyhadcontroloverhowtheypracticedandthefeetheychargeD.Buttheruleschangedontheminmid-streamandnowmanyarelookingforaticketoutMarkSmithexecutivevicepresidentofMerrittHawkins＆Associatessaidinastatement.OurstudyistheonlyoneIamawareofthatexaminesthecareerplansofphysiciansinthe50-to-65agegroup.Thisagegrouprepresentsmorethanone-thirdofallphysiciansintheU.S.IftheystopworkinginthecomingyearsitwillhaveasignificantimpactontheoverallsupplyofphysiciansSmithtoldReutersHealth.Theresultsofthesurveywhichincluded1170respondents调查对象showthat24percentofolderphysiciansareplanningtoleaveclinicalpracticealltogetherinthenext1to3years.Specifically14percentsaidtheywereplanningonretiring7percentsaidtheywerelookingforamedicaljobinanon-patientcaresettingand3percentsaidtheywereseekingajobinanon-medicalfielD.Forthosephysiciansnotleavingclinicalpracticemanysaidtheywouldmakechangestoreducethenumberofpatientstheytreat.Forinstance12percentsaidtheywouldbeginworkingpart-time8percentsaidtheyplannedtostoptakingnewpatientsormarkedlyreducetheirpatientloadand4percentexpressedadesiretoworkonatemporarybasis.Whenaskedabouttheworkethicofphysiciansenteringpracticetoday68percentoftherespondentssaidthattheseyoungerdoctorsarenotasdedicatedorashardworkingasphysicianswhoenteredpractice20t030yearsago.Fifty-sevenpercentofolderphysicianssaidtheywouldnotrecommendmedicineasacareertotheirownchildren.Similarly44percentsaidtheywouldnotselectmedicineasacareeriftheywerestartingouttoday.Themostominous不祥的findingisthataboutonehalfofphysicianssurveyedplanttoeitherabandonpatientcareinthenext1to3yearsorsignificantlyreducethenumberofpatientstheyseeSmithsaiD.TheU.S.alreadyisfacingawidespreadshortageofphysicians.Shouldolder‘workhorse'physicianschoosetogiveuppatientcareaccesstomedicalserviceswillbefurtherrestricteD.66.WhichisNOTtrueofphysiciansinthe50-to-65agegroupintheU.S.?A.Theyaremostlybabyboomers.B.Theyhavenothingtocomplainabout.C.ManyofthemplantograduallystoptheirpracticE.D.Theyaccountforoverone-thirdofallphysiciansinthecountry.67.Thesurveywasfocusedon.A.thelivingconditionsofolderphysiciansintheU.S.B.thecareerplansofolderphysiciansintheU.S.C.theretirementplansofolderphysiciansintheU.S.D.theachievementsofolderphysiciansintheU.S.68.ManyolderphysiciansintheU.S.viewtheworkethicoftheiryoungercounterparts.A.withappreciationB.withdisapprovalC.withjealousD.withindifference69.Intheeyesofmanyolderphysiciansmedicine.A.comesfirstintheirchoiceofacareerfortheirchildrenB.remainstheirlifelongpursuitC.isnotasgoodacareerasitusedtobeD.ismoredemandingthanitusedtobe70.IfmanyolderphysiciansstopworkinginthecomingyearsAmericanswillhave.A.evenlessaccesstomedicalservicesB.evenbetterpatientcareC.ashortageofyoungerphysiciansD.morejobopportunities

MillionsofpeoplevisitYosemiteNationalParkeveryyeartoseethetallwaterfallsandmountains.Theemountainsareasplendidsightwhenviewedfromthevalleyfloor.Lotsofstoreshotelsandrestaurantsareneededtohandlethecrowds.Alsowaterroadsandotherservicesystemsarepartoftheinfrastructure基础设施thatmustbemaintainedUnfortunatelythesesystemsarestartingtobreakdown.It’snotjustinYosemitebutinnationalparksaroundthenation.YosemiteisthirtyyearsoldaccordingtoDennisGalvinaNationalParkServiceworker.Theparkisnotonlyoldbutwornout.Twoorthreetimesasmanyvisitorscomeeveryyear.Thatistoomanyvisitorsfortheparkstodealwith.FouryearsagoastormwashedoutawaterpipelineintheGrandCanyon.TheNationalParkservicehadtosendwatertruckstoprovidewaterforthevisitors.LastmonthpipesalmostbrokeagainandroadshadtobeclosedforawhilE.Whyhasn’ttheNationalParkServicekeptuptheparkrepairs?Thereisalackofmoney.TheUnitedStateshas378monumentsparksandwildernessareas.Betweenthreeandfourbilliondollarsareneedsforrepairs.Yosemiteisonenationalparkthatdoeshavemoneyforrepairs.Ithastwohundredmilliondollarsbutcannotspenditanywayitchooses.WhentheparkworkersstartedwideningtheroadtheywereforcedtostopbytheSierraCluB.TheclubclaimedthattheroadworkwasdamagingtheMercedRiverthatrunsthroughthepark.AsierraClublawyerJuliaOlsonfeelsthattheinfrastructureneedstobemovedoutofYosemitE.Thatwaylesspressurewillbeputonthealreadycrowdedpark.65.AccordingtothetextthemountainsinYosemitelookmostsplendidwhentheyareappreciatedfrom_______A.thebottomofthevalleysB.thetopofthemountainsC.thesideofthemountainsD.theedgeofthevalleys66.NationalparkslikeYosemiteintheU.S.finditincreasinglydifficulttomeettheneedofvisitorsbecause________AthattransportmanagementneedsimprovingB.theyspendtoomuchontheirservicesystemsC.theirservicesystemsfrequentlygooutoforderD.theyneedhelpfromenvironmentalorganizations67.ThemainproblemofYosemiteNationalParkisits_______A.rundownwaterpipesB.overcrowdednessC.lackofmoneyD.narrowroads68.AccordingtothetexttheSierraClubismostlikelytobe______A.anenvironmentalgroupB.aninformationcenterC.atravelserviceD.alawfirm

Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well-designedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward别扭的handpositions.Theywillallowtheworkertokeeptheelbows肘nexttothebodytopreventdamagetotheshoulderandarm.Overuseinjuriescanthereforebepreventedorreducediftheemployerprovidesandworkersuse:●powertoolsratherthanhavingtousemuscle肌肉power●toolswithspeciallydesignedhandlesthatallowthewrist手腕tokeepstraight.Thismeansthathandsandwristsarekeptinthesamepositionastheywouldbeiftheywerehangingrelaxedataperson’ssideFigure1.Bendthetoolnotthewrist●toolswithhandlesthatcanbeheldcomfortablybythewholehanD.Thismeanshavingaselectionofsizes—rememberthattoolsthatprovideacomfortablefirmholdforapersonwithaverylargehandmaybeawkwardforsomeonewithaverysmallhanD.Thisisaparticularlyimportantconsiderationforwomenwhomayusetoolsoriginallydesignedformen.●toolsthatdonotpressfingersorfleshbetweenthehandlesandwhosehandlesdonothavesharpedgesorasmallsurfaceareA.60.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.GoodToolDesignforWomenB.ImportanceofGoodToolDesignC.ToolDesignandPreventionofInjuriesD.OveruseofToolsandWorkerProtection61.Whichofthefollowingdescribesawell-designedtool?A.It’skeptclosetothebody.B.Itfullyusesmusclepower.C.ItmakesusersfeelrelaxeD.D.It’soperatedwithlessforcE.62.WhatisFigure1usedtoshow?A.Theeffectiveuseofthetool.B.Thewayofoperatingthetool.C.TheproperdesignofthehandlE.D.Thepurposeofbendingthewrist.63.Inchoosingtoolsforwomen_____ofthehandleisthemostimportant.A.thesizeB.theedgeC.theshapeD.theposition

Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligenceThefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwithHumanbrainsdifferconsiderablysomebeingmorecapableothersButnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwithanindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearnSothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual-thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisrearedIfanindividualishandicappedenvironmentallyitislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable.Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual’sintelligencecanbedemonstratedbythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwinsPeterandMarkX..BeingidenticalthetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirthandtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesameWhenthetwinswerethreemonthsoldtheirparents.diedandtheywereplacedinseparatefosterhomesPeterwasrearedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalopportunitiesMarkwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollegeHewasreadtoasachildsenttogoodschoolsandgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectuallyThisenvironmentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteenswhentheyweregiventeststomeasuretheirintelligenceMark’sLQwas125.twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrotherGivenequalopportunitiesthetwinshavingidenticalbrainswouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel71.ThisselectioncanbestbetitledA.MeasuringYourIntelligenceB.IntelligenceandEnvironmentC.TheCaseofPeterandMarkD.HowthebrainInfluencesIntelligence72.ThebeststatementofthemainidesofthispassageisthatA.humanbrainsdifferconsiderablyB.thebrainapersonisbornwithisimportantindetermininghisintelligenceC.environmentisvitaltodetermineaperson’sintelligenceD.personshavingidenticalbrainswillhaveroughlythesameintelligence73.AccordingtothepassagetheaverageLQisA.85B.100C.110D.12574.ThecasehistoryofthetwinsappearstosupporttheconclusionthatA.individualwithidenticalbrainsseldomtestatsamelevelB.anindividual’sintelligenceisdeterminedonlybyhisenvironmentC.lackofopportunityblocksthegrowthofintelligenceD.changesofenvironmentproducechangesinthestructureofthebrain75.Thispassagesuggeststhatanindividual’sLQA.canbepredictedatbirthB.staysthesamethroughouthislifeC.canbeincreasedbyeducationD.isdeterminedbyhischildhood

PITTSBURGHFormostpeoplesnakesseemunpleasantoreventhreatening.ButHowieChosetseesintheirdelicatemovementsawaytosavelives.The37-year-oldCarnegieMellonUniversityprofessorhasspentyearsdevelopingsnake-likerobotshehopeswilleventuallyslidethroughfallenbuildingsinsearchofvictimstrappedafternaturaldisastersorotheremergencies.DanKaraispresidentofRoboticsTrendsaNorthboroMass.-basedcompanythatpublishesanonlineindustrymagazineandrunsroboticstradeshows.Hesaidthereareothersnake-likerobotsbeingdevelopedmainlyatuniversitiesbutdidn’tknowofonethatcouldclimbpipes.TheCarnegieMellonmachinesaredesignedtocarrycamerasandelectronicsensorsandcanbecontrolledwithajoystick操纵杆.Theymovesmoothlywiththehelpofsmallelectricmotorsorservoscommonlyusedbyhobbyistsinmodelairplanes.Builtfromlightweightmaterialstherobotsareaboutthesizeofahumanarmorsmaller.TheycansensewhichwayisupbutareonlyasgoodastheirhumanoperatorsChosetaddeD.SamStoverasearchtermmanagerwiththeFederalEmergencyManagementAgencybasedinIndianasaidsnake-typerobotswouldoffergreatermobilitythanequipmentcurrentlyavailablesuchascamerasattachedtoextendableroles.Itjustallowsustodosomethingwe’vebeenabletodobeforeStoversaidWeneededthemyesterday.Hesaidsnifferdogsarestillthebestsearchtoolforrescueworkersbutthattheycanonlybeusedeffectivelywhenworkershaveaccesstodamagedbuilding.Stoveramongtherescueworkerswhohandledtheaftermath后果ofHurricaneKatrinasaidsnakerobotswouldhavehelpedrescuerssearchfloodedhousesinthatdisaster.Chosetsaidtherobotsmaynotbereadyforuseforanotherfivetotenyearsdependingonfunding.72.WhichinstitutionisresponsibleforthedevelopmentofChoset’srobots?A.RoboticsTrends.B.PittsburghCityCouncil.C.CarnegieMellonUniversity.D.FederalEmergencyManagementAgency.73.Chosetbelievesthathisinvention______.A.canbeattachedtoanelectronicarmB.canbeusedbyhobbyistsinmodelairplanesC.canfindvictimsmorequicklythanasnifferdogD.cansenseitswaynobetterthanitsoperators74.BysayingWeneededthemyesterdayparagraph7Stovermeansthatsnake-likerobots_____.A.couldhelphandletheaftermathofHurricaneKatrinaB.wouldhavebeenputtouseinpastrescueworkC.helpedrescuerssearchfloodedhousesyesterdayD.wereingreaterneedyesterdaythantoday75.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Snake-likerobotsusedinindustries.B.Snake-likerobotsmadetoaidinrescues.C.Thedevelopmentofsnake-likerobots.D.Theworkingprinciplesofsnake-likerobots.

ClimaticconditionsaredelicatelyadjustedtocompositionoftheEarth'satmospherE.Iftherewereachangeintheatmosphere―forexampleintherelativeamountsofatmosphericgases―theclimatewouldprobablychangealso.A.slightincreaseinwatervapor蒸汽forexamplewouldincreasetheheat-keepingcapacityoftheatmosphereandwouldleadtoariseinglobaltemperatures.ThelevelofcarbondioxideCO2intheatmospherehasanimportanteffectonclimaticchangE.MostoftheEarth'sincomingenergyisshort-wavelengthradiation短波辐射whichtendstopassthroughatmosphericCO2easily.TheEarthhoweverreradiatesmuchofthereceivedenergyaslong-wavelengthradiation长波辐射whichCO2absorbsandthengoestowardtheEarth.Thisphenomenonknownasthegreenhouseeffectcanresultinanincreaseinthesurfacetemperatureofaplanet.AnextremeexampleoftheeffectisshownbyVenusaplanetcoveredbyheavycloudscomposedmostlyofCO2whosesurfacetemperatureshavebeenmeasuredat430~C.IftheCO2contentoftheatmosphereisreducedthetemperaturefalls.AccordingtoonerespectabletheoryiftheatmosphericCO2concentrationwerehalvedtheEarthwouldbecomecompletelycoveredwithicE.AnotherequallyrespectabletheoryhoweverstatesthatahalvingoftheCO2concentrationwouldleadonlytoareductioninglobaltemperaturesof3℃.IfbecauseofanincreaseinforestfiresorvolcanicactivitytheCO2contentoftheatmosphereincreasedawarmerclimatewouldbeproduceD.PlantgrowthwhichreliedonboththewarmthandtheavailabilityofCO2wouldprobablyincreasE.AsaconsequenceplantwouldusemoreandmoreCO2.EventuallyCO2levelswoulddecreaseandtheclimateinturnwouldbecomecooler.Withreducedtemperaturesmanyplantswoulddie;CO2wouldthusbereturnedtotheatmosphereandgraduallythetemperaturewouldriseagain.Thusifthisprocessoccurredtheremightbealong-termoscillation波动intheamountofCO2presentintheatmospherewithregulartemperatureincreaseanddecreasE.SomeclimatologistsarguethattheburningoffossilfuelshasraisedthelevelofCO2intheatmosphereandhascausedaglobaltemperatureincreaseofatleast1℃.Butasupposedglobaltemperatureriseof1℃mayinrealitybeonlyseveralregionaltemperatureincreasesrestrictedtoareaswheretherearemanymeteorological气象的stations.OtherareasforexampletheSouthernHemisphereoceaniczonemaybeexperiencinganequaltemperaturedecreasethatisunrecognizedbecauseoftheshortageofmeteorologicalrecordingstations.51.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoestheinformationsuppliedinthispassagetrytoanswer?A.WhatarethestepsintheprocessthattakesplaceasCO2absorbslong-wavelengthradiation?B.Howmightourunderstandingofthegreenhouseeffectbeimprovediftheburningoffossilweredecreased?C.WhatmightcauseaseriesofregularincreasesanddecreasesintheamountofCO2intheatmosphere?D.WhyaretherefewermeteorologicalrecordingstationsintheSouthernHemisphereoceaniczonethanatmosphere?52.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith________.A.explainingtheeffectsthattheburningoffossilfuelsmighthaveonclimateB.explainingtheeffectsofCO2onatmosphericradiationC.discussingeffectsthatchangesintheCO2levelintheatmospheremighthaveonclimateD.challenginghypotheses假说abouttheeffectsofwatervaporandCO2onclimate53.ThepassagesuggeststhatalargedecreaseintheamountofCO2intheatmospherewouldresultin_________.A.atleastaslightdecreaseinglobaltemperaturesB.atthemostaslightincreaseinshort-wavelengthradiationreachingtheEarthC.aslightlong-termincreaseinglobaltemperaturesD.aslightshort-termincreaseinatmospherewatervaporcontent54.TheauthorreferstoVenusprimarilyinorderto_______.A.showthatthegreenhouseeffectworksonotherplanetsbutnotonEarthB.showthedegreetowhichEarth'satmospherediffersfromthatofVenusC.supporttheopinionthataswatervaporincreasestheamountofCO2increasesD.supporttheargumentthattheCO2levelintheatmospherehasasignificanteffectonclimate55.Thediscussionofclimateinthepassagesuggeststhat_________.A.climateisperfectlystableB.weareunableatpresenttomeasureglobaltemperaturechangesprecisely.C.theonlycauseofregionalclimaticfluctuations波动isthechangeinCO21evelintheatmosphereD.slightregionaltemperaturechangescanbeconsideredanabnormalfeature特征oftheenvironment

Washington―Thelargestozone臭氧holeeverobservedhasopenedupoverAntarcticaaccordingtothescientistsoftheUSNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationNASA.Theybelieveitisasignthatozone―destroyinggasesproducedyearsagoarejustnowcausingthelargestquantitiesofozonetodisappear.Thisyear’sSouthPoleozoneholespreadsoverabout28.5millionsquarekilometersanareathreetimeslargerthanthelandmassoftheUnitedStates.PicturesoftheholehavebeenofferedbyNASA.TheholeappearsasagiantbluemasstotallycoveringAntarcticaandstretchingtothesoutherntipofSouthAmericA.Thelasttimetheozoneholewasclosetothissizewasin1998whenitspreadoverabout27.2millionsquarekilometersNASAsaiD.PaulNewmanwhoworkswithNASA’sTotalOzoneMappingSpectrometerTOMSinstrumentonaNASAsatellitesaidozonewatchershadexpectedabigholethisyearbutnotthisbig.TheAntarcticaozoneholefirstobservedin1985iscausedbythedepletion损耗ofEarthprotectingozonebyhuman-madechemicalssuchaschlorofluorocarbonsknownasCFCs.Eventhoughthesechemicalswerenotallowedtousefromthebeginningof1987theyremainintheatmosphereandwillcontinuetodosoforyearsNewmansaiD.Thisyear’slargeholemayhavebeencausedbyachangeinaswirlinghigh-levelaircurrentoverAntarcticawhichcirclestheareaandcontainsthezoneholeNewmansaiD.56.Thetextismainlyabout____.A.thediscoveryofthelargestozoneholeB.thediscoveryoftheAntarcticaozoneholeC.thehistoryoftheAntarcticaozoneholeD.thesizeofthelargestozonehole57.Thetime1985wastalkedaboutinthetextbecauseitwaswhentheAntarcticaozonehole____.A.waswatchedbyNewmanB.wasfirstclosedC.disappearedD.wasfirstwatched58.ThereisagiantozoneholeoverAntarcticabecause____overtherE.A.human-madechemicalshaveprotectedozoneB.ozonehasprotectedtheearthC.human-madechemicalshavedestroyedozoneD.human-madechemicalshaveincreasedozone

CAstronautJimVosshasenjoyedmanymemorablemomentsinhiscareerincludingthreespaceflightsandonespacewalk.Butherecallswithspecialfondnessadecidedlyearthbound为地球引力所束缚的experienceinthesummerof1980whenheparticipatedintheNASAASEESummerFacultyFellowshipProgram.VossthenascienceteacheratWestPoinwasassignedtotheMarshallSpaceFlightCenter'spropulsion推进labinAlabamatoanalyzewhyahydraulicfuelpumpseal液压燃料泵的密封圈onthespaceshuttle航天飞机wasworkingsowellwhenprevioussealshadfaileD.Itwasaseeminglytinyproblemamongthevastcomplexitiesofrunningthespaceprogram.YetitwasimportanttoNASAbecauseanycrackinthesealcouldhaveledtodestructiveresultsfortheastronautswhoreliedonthem.IworkedabitwithNASAengineerssaysVossbutIdiditmostlybyananalysis.Iusedahandheldcalculatornotacomputertodoathermodynamic热力学的analysis.AttheendofthesummerheliketheotherNASAASEEfellowsworkingatMarshallsummarizedhisfindingsinaformalpresentationanddetailedpaper.ItwasavaluablemomentforVossbecausetheASEEprogramgavehimaddedunderstandingofNASAdeepenedhisdesiretoflyinspaceandintensifiedhisapplicationforastronautstatus.Itwasnotaneasyprocess.Vosswasactuallypassedoverwhenhefirstappliedfortheastronautprogramin1978.Overthenextnineyearshereappliedrepeatedlyandwasfinallyacceptedin1987.Sincethenhehasparticipatedinthreespacemissions.The50yearoldArmyofficerwholivesinHoustonisnowintrainingforafour-monthmissionasacrewmemberontheInternationalSpaceStationstartinginJuly2000.VosssaystheASEEprogramiswonderfulforallinvolveD.ItbringsinpeoplefromtheacademicworldandgivesNASAaspecialpropertyforaparticularperiodoftimE.ItbringssomefresheyesandfreshideastoNASAandestablishesalinkwithourcollegesanduniversitiesVossexplains.There'sanexchangeofinformationandanexchangeofperspectivesthatisveryimportant.FortheacademicsideVosssaystheASEEprogramalsobringsinstitutionsofhigherlearningmoreinsightintonewtechnology.Wegivethemanopportunitytoworkonrealworldproblemsandtakeitbacktotheclassroom.66.WhywasthehydraulicfuelpumpsealimportantforthespaceshuttleA.BecauseprevioussealsallfaileD.B.Becauseitwasverycomplexinrunningthespaceprogram.C.Becausegreatcarehastobetakenofthehydraulicfuelpumpsealing.D.Becauseanycrackinthesealswouldcausedisastrousresultsfortheastronauts.67.ThegreatsignificanceofVoss'sfindingsliesin_________.A.strengtheninghisdeterminationtojoininspaceflightsB.furtheringhisunderstandingofNASAC.consolidatinghisastronautstatusinNASAprogramsD.BothA.andB68.HowmanyflightswillVosshavefinishedifhisfour-monthmissionstartinginJuly2000endsupsuccessfullyA.ThreeBTwoCFourDFive69.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtowhatVosssaidontheASEEprogramA.Freshmembersfromtheacademicworldparticipateintheprogram.B.TheprogrambringsnewoutlookstoNASAspaceprograms.C.Itisimportantforthespacescientiststoexchangeinformationandperspectives.D.AmericancollegesanduniversitiesareaspecialpropertyofNASA.70.WhatdoesVosswanttostressinthelastparagraphA.Thetechnologicalsignificanceoftheprogram.B.Theeducationalsignificanceoftheprogram.C.Thephilosophicalsignificanceoftheprogram.D.Thehistoricalsignificanceoftheprogram.

SpecialBridgesHelpAnimalsCrosstheRoad――ReportedbySheilaCarrickWhydidthechickencrosstheroad?TogettotheothersidE.Mostpeopleknowthisjoke.ButrecentlysomepeoplehavebeenmuchmoreworriedabouthowthegrizzlybearandmountainlioncancrosstheroaD.MillionsofanimalsdieeachyearonU.S.roadstheFederalHighwayAdministrationreports.Infactonlyabout80ocelotsanendangeredwildcatexistintheU.S.today.Themainreason?Roadkill.Ecopassagesmayhelpanimalscrosstheroadwithoutbeinghitbycars.Theyarepathsbothoverandunderroads.TheseecopassagescanbeextremelyusefulsothatwildlifecanavoidroadaccidentssaidJodiHiltyoftheWildlifeProtectionSociety.Butdoanimalsactuallyusetheecopassages?Theanswerisyes.PaulBeierofNorthernArizonaUniversityfoundfootmarksleftbymountainlionsonanecopassagethatwentunderahighway.ThisshowedthatthelionsusedthepassagE.Buildersofecopassagestrytomakethemlooklikeanaturalpartofanareabyplantingtreesonandaroundthem.Animalsseemtobecatchingon.Animalsasdifferentassalamandersandgrizzlybearsareusingthebridgesandunderpasses.Thenexttimeyouvisitaparkordrivethroughanareawithalotofwildlifelookaround.Youmightseeananimalsoverpass!45.Thewriterusestheexampleofocelotstoshowthat______.A.wildanimalshavebecomemoredangerousB.thedrivingconditionshaveimprovedgreatlyC.themeasureforprotectingwildlifefailstoworkD.anincreasingnumberofanimalsarekilledinroadaccidents46.Fromthenewsstoryweknowanecopassageis______.A.anundergroundpathforcarsB.afencebuiltforthesafetyoftheareaC.abridgeforanimalstogetoverariverD.apassforanimalstocrosstheroad47.Whenthewritersaysthatanimalsseemtobecatchingonhemeans______.A.animalsbegintorealizethedangersontheroadB.animalsbegintolearntouseecopassagesC.animalsarecrossingtheroadingroupsD.animalsareincreasinginnumber48.Thewriterasksvisitorsanddriverstolookaroundwhentravelingbecause______.A.wildanimalsmayattackcarsB.wildanimalsmayjamtheroadC.theymayseewildanimalsintheparkD.theymayseewildanimalsonecopassages

CCouldthesolutiontoworldfutureenergyneedslieintheocean?It’spossiblE.Wearenottalkingaboutoilbutanotherpotentialuntappedenergyresourcecalledmethanehydrates.Methanehydratesarehardice-likewhitesolidsthatformnaturallyindeposits沉积物onoceanfloors.Theyarecomposedofwaterandhighlyconcentratedmethaneproducedbythemicroorganismslivinginthedeposits.TheremarkablethingisthatyoucanholdaflametoapieceofmethanehydrateanditwillcatchonfirE.It’sbeencalledburningicE.MethanehydratesarespreadaroundtheworlD.ThesedepositsmayinthefuturebecomeaveryimportantfuelresourcE.OneresearchercalculatedthatasmallareaofftheSoutheasterncoastofAmericamaycontainmethanehydratesequalto30timestheannualU.S.consumptionofnaturalgas.RightnowthereareverysignificanttechnicalandfinancialchallengesfacingusbeforewecouldexploitthisasaresourcE.Scientistsaroundtheworldarestudyingthesechallenges.Onebigissueishowtogetthesemethanehydratesofftheoceanfloorcausingundersealandslidesandtidalwaves.Anotherissueishowtohandlethematterafteritisbroughtup.It’salsounclearwhetheritwouldmakemoresensetominesolidhydratesortapthegasesfoundwiththem.Andmanydepositsmayoccurinlowconcentrationswithnocommercialpotential.JapanwhichhasnooilsuppliesofitsownhasthrownitselfintoburningiceresearchbecauseithasdepositsoffitsshoreswhichcouldmakeJapanlessdependentonforeignsuppliersofoil.TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyandCongressarealsosupportingresearch.HowevertheUSadministration’senergypolicyisfocusedontraditionalfossil化石fuels.Andatleastfornowdevelopingburningiceintoafuelsourceisn’thighontheenergyindustry’slist.Butifnaturalgascontinuestoriseinpriceexploitingburningicemightbecomeeconomicallypractical.59.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinParagraphTwo?A.notexistedB.UnseenC.availablebutnotusedD.unreal60.Whatcanyoulearnfromthetext?A.Burningicehasbeenusedinsomecountries.B.ApplyingburningicetopstheenergylistinAmericA.C.Burningiceexistsinfewcountries.D.Therearestillsomeproblemsindevelopingtheburningice61.WhyhasJapanalreadybeguntodeveloptheburningice?A.Itisadevelopedcountry.B.Theywanttohelpothercountries.C.Itlacksoilsuppliesofitsown.D.AmericaaskedJapantodoso.62.Whichoneisthebesttitleofthetext?A.WorldEnergyShortageB.BurningIceHoldsHopeasFuelSourceC.MethaneHydratesD.MethaneHydratesSpreadaroundtheWorld

Third-generationmobilephonesknownas3Garethenextbigstepforthetelecomindustry.Dataspeedin3Gnetworksismuchquickerthanthatinpresenttechnology.Thismeansuserscanhavehigh-speedInternetaccessandenjoyvideoandCD-qualitymusicontheirphones.Mobiledataisnotadream;it'snotanoptionbutarequirementsaidLenLauerheadofaUScommunicationscompanySprintPCSata3GconferenceinBangkokearlierthismonth.With3Gyoucanforgetabouttextmessagestellingyouyesterday'snews;a3Gphonecanreceivevideonewsprogramsupdatedfourtimesaday.InternetaccesswillalsobemuchquickermakingiteasiertosurftheWebonyourphonethanonyourcomputerathomE.Don'tworryaboutgettinglost.3Gphonesoffermapservicessoyoucanfindanewrestaurantjustbypressingafewkeysonyourhandset.Howeverthemostimpressivepartof3Gtechnologyisvideocalling.Withlivetwo-wayvideocommunicationyoucanhaveface-to-facetalkswithfriendsandfamilyonyourmobilephonE.ManyEuropeancountrieshavealreadylaunchedtheservicE.InMay2000theUSGovernmentissuedfivelicensestorun3Gwirelessserviceswhilethefirst3GphonesarrivedinItalyinMarchthisyear.Internationaltelecomcompaniescan'twaittosell3GinChinatheworld'slargestmobiletelecommunicationsmarket.Buttheywillhavetobepatient.AtthemomentChinaisbusytestingits3G-basedtechnologiesnetworksandservices.Thiswillbefollowedbyatrialperiodbeforethephonescanfinallyhittheshops.Weneedtocreateapoolof3Gcustomersbeforethelarge-scalecommerciallaunchoftheservicesaidFanYunjunmarketingmanagerforBeijingMobilE.Weexpectthatthe3Glicenseswillbeissuedlatenextyear.We'llalsosee3Gservicesenterourday-to-claylivesinall-sortsofnewwaysfromshoppingandbankingtoplayinginteractivecomputergamesoverthenet.Itwon'tbelongbeforewethinknothingofsittingonatrainusingamobilepalmtoptocheckourbankaccountsorpaybills.Youmightevenclickonanicononthescreentosetupaninstantvideo-conferencewithyourbankclerk.46.3Gis________.A.akindofmobilephonethatcansendtextmessageandmakecallsB.akindoftechnologythatmakesmobiledataandvideocallingcometrueC.akindofplayerthatcanbeusedtolistentoCDorMP3musicD.akindofsystemthatmakesiteasytosurftheInternet.47.WhatdoesLenLauerwanttoinformthereaders?A.Realizingthedreamofmobiledatabasedontheapplicationof3Gisamust.B.Thereisnoneedtosendmessagessince3Gcanreceivevideonewsprograms.C.3Gissupposedtoownallthefunctionsthatacomputerhas.D.Itisachoicetocarrymobiledatawith3Gphones.48.The3GservicescanbelaunchedafterthefollowingstepsEXCEPTthat________.A.theyhavetotestits3G-basedtechnologiesnetworksandservicesB.theyneedtocreateagroupof3GcustomersC.the3Glicensesareissuedand3GphonesaretestedD.internationaltelecomcompaniesdecidetosell3GinChina49.ThE.lastparagraphshowsusthat________.A.3GservicesbringalotofconveniencetousB.wecannotlivewithout3GmobilephonesC.3GservicescanchangeourlifecompletelyD.3Gserviceswilltaketheplaceofothertechnologies50.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Face-to-faceVideoCallsB.TheFutureof3GC.TheNewTelecomIndustry--3GD.TheUseof3GMobilePhone

Solarenergyforyourhomeiscoming.Itcanhelpyouasasinglehomeowner.Itcanhelpthewholecountryaswell.Whetherornotsolarenergycansaveyourmoneydependsonmanythings.Whereyouliveisonefactorandthetypeofhomeyouhaveisanother.Thingslikeinsulation绝缘材料presentenergycostsandthetypeofsystemyoubuyareaddedfactors.Usingsolarenergycanhelpsaveourpreciousfuel.AsyouknowoursuppliesofoilandgasareverylimiteD.Thereisjustnotenoughonhandtomeetallourfutureenergyneeds.SoonerorlaterMotherNaturewillsaythat'sall.Theonlywaywecandelayhearingthosewordsisbystartingtosaveenergynowandbyusingothersourceslikethesun.Wewon'thavetoworryaboutthesun'srunningoutofenergyforanotherseveralbillionyearsorso.Besidesthesundoesn'tofferasmanyproblemsasotherenergysources.Forexamplefossilfuel矿物燃料addstoalreadyhighpollutionlevels.Withsolarenergywewillstillneedsourcesofenergybutwewon'tneedasmuch.Thatmeanswecancutdownonourpollutionproblems.Withallthesegoodpointswhydon'tweusemoresolarpower?Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Thebiggestreasonismoney.Untilnowitwasjustnotpracticalforahomeownertoputinasolarunit.Therewerecheapersourcesofenergy.Allthatischangingnow.Solarcostsarestartingtoequalthecostsofoilandelectricity.ExpertssaythatgasoilandelectricitypriceswillcontinuetorisE.Thedemandforelectricityisincreasingrapidly.Butnewpowerplantswillusemoregasoilorcoal.Alreadyinsomeplacesthesupplyofelectricityisbeingrationed限量供应.Solarenergyisnowinitsinfancy初期.Itcouldsoongrowtobecomeamajorpartofournation'senergysupply.60.What'sthispassagemainlyabout?A.Somethingaboutsolarenergyandpollution.B.Solarenergy.C.Energyandpollution.D.Energyandmoney.61.Solarenergycanhelpus_____.A.escapepunishmentfromnatureB.becomehomeownersC.getridofpresentenergyD.saveourpreciousfuel62.Thesunisanendlesssourceofenergyanditwillnotrunoutofenergyfor_____.A.severalmillionyearsB.severalhundredyearsC.severalbillionyearsD.severalthousandyears63.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Energyfromcoalwouldnotpolluteourlivingenvironment.B.Energyfromnaturalgaswouldnotpolluteourlivingenvironment.C.Energyfromthesunwouldnotpolluteourlivingenvironment.D.Energyfromoilwouldnotpolluteourlivingenvironment.64.Solarenergyisnowinitsinfancy_____.A.butinthefutureitwillbecomeanimportantpartofournation'senergysupplyB.sowewillbuildmorepowerplantsC.andthesupplyofelectricitywillberationedthroughoutthecountryD.sowedon'tneedit

ScientistsintheUnitedStateshavedevelopedamethodthatmayhelptopredictearthquakesearlier.Theysayitcouldgivepeoplewholiveindeadlyearthquakeareasenoughwarningtoleavebeforeanearthquakeoccurs.Currentlythemostmodernsystemsforpredictingearthquakesfindthemonlyashorttimebeforetheevent.LikemoststrongearthquakesWenchuanearthquakein2008andHaitiearthquakein2010werenotidentifiedearlyenoughforpeopletofleetheareakillinghundredsandthousandsofpeoplE.ButscientistswhostudyearthquakesarereportingthatnewtechnologycouldmeasureverysmallchangesintheEarth’ssurfacE.ScientistsperformedexperimentsalongCalifornia’sSanAndreasFaultanareafamousforitsearthquakes.Highlysensitiveelectricaldevicesareplacedaboutonekilometerbelowgroundintwodifferentplaces.ThedeviceswereabletomeasureevensmallchangesinairpressureontheEarth’ssurfacE.Thescientistssaysuchchangesarecausedwhenrockspushedtogetherforcingairoutofsmallcracksintherock.Twoearthquakeshittheareainlate2005.ThefirsttookplaceonDeC.25.A.smallerearthquakestruckfivedayslater.Thescientistsnotedchangesintheearth’ssurfaceabouttenhoursbeforethefirstquakestruck.Thatquakemeasuredthreeinintensity强度.Theythenfoundsimilarchangestakingplacetwohoursbeforetheotherquakestruckfivedayslater.Ifadditionaltestsconfirmthechangesarelinkedtoearthquakesthescientistsbelievetheirequipmentcouldbeusedforearlywarningsystems.A.systemthatprovidesawarningsignaltenhoursbeforeamajorearthquakecouldhelpmovepeoplefromtheareaandsavelives.ThescientistsnowhopetheycanfindearthquakeswithevengreaterintensitybyplacingtheirequipmentdeeperinthegrounD.71.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Anewwaytohelppredictearthquakes.B.TheearthquakesintheworldC.AbetterunderstandingofearthquakeD.Scientistsandmodernsystemsofearthquakes72.Ifthenewmethoddoeswork_______.A.fewerearthquakeswillbreakoutB.rescueworkerscansavemoreburiedpeopleinruinsC.awarningcanbegivenatleasttendaysbeforethemajorearthquakeD.fewerpeoplewillbekilledinanearthquake73.Accordingtothepassagethedevicescanpredicttheearthquakeby______reachingthecenteroftheearthquakedetectingthetemperaturechangesintheearth’scrustmeasuringchangesinairpressureontheEarth’ssurfacerecordingsoundwavesundertheground74.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.theequipmentisperfectenoughtobeusedinpracticeit’sunknownifgreaterearthquakecanbepredictedbytheequipmentthedeepertheequipmentisplacedthemoreaccuratethemeasurementistheequipmenthashelpedsavemanylivesintheearthquakeinHaiti.75.Howmanyearthquakesarementionedinthepassage?A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four

Whatifyouarrivedhometofindadelicioushotmealwaitingforyoupreparedbyyourveryownkitchenrobot?ItmightsoundlikesciencefictionbutprofessorsattheuniversityofTokyohavetakenthefirststepstowardmakingthatscenarioareality.Theteamrecentlyintroducedahumanoidkitchenrobotthatcanpourteaandotherdrinksintocupsandservethemtoguests.Whenteatimeisovertherobotcanalsowashthedishesandputthemaway.InCaliforniaanotherinterestingkitchenrobothasbeendeveloped.CalledtheReadybotitcanpickupobjectsandeitherstorethemincabinetsorputtheminthetrash.Italsocarriesaseparatefloor-cleaningrobotthatcanoperatebyitself.UnliketheJapaneserobotReadybotisnothumanoid.Insteaditlooksmorelikealargeboxwitharmsandwheels.ReadybotwascreatedbyengineersanddesignerswhoestablishedaclubcalledtheReadybotChallenge.Theybelievethatinthefuturemillionsofrobotswillbeneededinhomestoperformordinaryhouseholdtasks.Readybotisjustthefirststepintheirplantocreatearobotthatcantacklejobsnotonlyinkitchensbutinotherroomsofhomesandinofficesaswell.Clearlytherearetechnologicalhurdlestoovercomebeforerobotscancookacompletedinnerandtherearealsomanysafetyconcerns.Noteveryoneespeciallyparentswouldbecomfortablewiththeideaofrobotsintheirhousemanipulatinghotpansandsharpknives.TheEuropeanCommissionrecentlyfundedaprojecttostudytheseconcerns.56.WhatdoesthewriterimplyabouttheJapaneserobot?A.Itperformsfewerfunctionsthanreadybotcan.B.itlooksmorelikeapersonthanReadybotdoes.C.ItspeaksmorelanguagesthanReadybotdoes.D.Itcosts1esstomanufacturethanReadybotdoes.57.WheredotheengineersanddesignershopethatReadybotwilloperateinthefuture?A.OnspacecraftB.InautomobilesC.OnplaygroundsD.Atcompanies58.Whatdoesthewriterimplyaboutparents?A.Theyhaveshowntremendousinterestinkitchenrobots.B.Theydon’thavestrongopinionsaboutkitchenrobots.C.Theymightthinkthatkitchenrobotscouldbedangerous.D.Theycan’twaittobuykitchenrobotsfortheirhomes.59.AccordingtothewriterwhathastheEuropeanCommissiondonefortheproject?A.IthasbuiltfactoriesB.IthasprintedmanualsC.IthashiredworkersD.Ithasprovidedmoney

Anewstudyhasfoundnoevidencethatsunscreencommonlyusedtoreducetheriskofskincaneractuallyincreasestherisk.ResearchersfromtheUniversityoflowsbasedtheirfirdingsonareviewof18earlierstudiesthatlookedattheassocistionbetweensunscreenuseandmelanoms黑素瘤.TheysaidthattheyfoundflawsinstudiesthathadreportedassociationsbetweensunscreenuseandhigherriskofmelanomA.Mosthealthexpertsbelievethatbyprotectingtheskinfromtheharmfuleffectsofthesunsunscreenhelpspreventskincancerwhichisincreasinginincidence发生率fasterthananyothercancerintheUnitedStates.Butquestionshavebeenraisedaboutsunscreenandwhetheritmayhavetheoppositeeffectperhapsbyallowingpeopletoremainexposedtothesunlongerwithoutburning.Theresearcherssaidthatamongtheproblemswithsomeearlierstudiesisthattheyoftenfailedtotakeintoaccountthatthosepeoplemostatriskforskinconcer―peoplewithfairskinandfreckles雀斑forexample―aremorelikelytousesunscreen.Asaresultitmayappearthatsunscreenusersgetcancermoreoften.Thestudieswhichgenerallyreliedonvolunteerstorecalltheirsunscreenusewerealsounabletoprovehowwelltheproductshadbeenappliedsaidthenewstudy.72.Theunderlinedwordflawsinthe2ndparagraphmostprobablymeans.A.evidencesB.factsC.faultsD.failures73.Peoplewithfairskinandfreckles.A.seldomusesunscreenB.aremoreindangerofskinconcerC.canbefreefromtheharmofthesunD.oftenexposethemselvestothesun74.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.sunscreenusersgetskincancermoreoftenB.thevolunteershaveprovedtheeffectofsunscreenC.thenewstudywasbasedontheexperiencesofvolunteersD.thenumberofskincancerpatientsisincreasinginAmerica75.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebeattitleforthispassage?A.SunscreentoPreventSkinCancerB.SunscreentoIncreaseSkinCancerC.SkinCancerCausedbySunscreenD.SkinCancerCausedbyFreckles

Thetwentiethcenturysawgreaterchangesthananycenturybeforechangesforthebetterchangesfortheworsechangesthatbroughtalotofbenefitstohumanbeingschangesthatputmanindanger.ManythingscausedthechangesbutinmyopinionthemostimportantwastheprogressinsciencE.Scientificresearchinphysicsandbiologyhasvastlybroadenedourviews.Ithasgivenusadeeperknowledgeofthestructureofmatterandoftheuniverseithasbroughtusabetterunderstandingofthenatureoflifeandofitscontinuousdevelopment.TechnologyintheapplicationofsciencehasmadebigadvancesthathavebenefitedusinnearlyeverypartoflifE.Thecontinuationofsuchactivitiesinthetwenty-firstcenturywillresultinevengreateradvantagestohumanbeings:inpurescience―awideranddeeperknowledgeinallfieldsoflearning;inappliedscience―amorereasonablesharingofmaterialbenefitsandbetterprotectionoftheenvironment.Sadlyhoweverthereisanothersidetothepicture.Thecreativityofsciencehasbeenemployedindoingdamagetomankind.Theapplicationofscienceandtechnologytothedevelopmentandproductionofweaponsofmassdestructionhascreatedarealdangertothecontinuedexistenceofthehumanraceonthisplanet.WehaveseenthishappeninthecaseofnuclearweaponsAlthoughtheiractualusehassofaroccurredonlyintheSecondWorldWarthenumberofnuclearweaponsthatwereproducedandmadereadyforusewassolargethatiftheweaponshadactuallybeenusedtheresultcouldhavebeentheruinofthehumanraceaswellasofmanykindsofanimals.WilliamShakespearesaiD.Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn纱线goodandilltogether.Theabovebriefreviewoftheapplicationofonlyonepartofhumanactivities―scienceseemstoprovewhatShakespearesaiD.Butdoesithavetobeso?Musttheillalwaysgotogetherwiththegood?Arewebiologicallyprogrammedforwar?72.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?①=Paragraph1②=Paragraph2③=Paragraph3④=Paragraph4⑤=Paragraph573.Fromthefourthparagraphwecaninferthat.A.agreatmanynuclearweaponswereactuallyusedforwarB.alargenumberofnuclearweaponsshouldhavebeenusedforwarC.theauthorisdoubtfulabouttheruinofhumanbeingsbynuclearweaponsD.theauthorisanxiousaboutthehugenumberofnuclearweaponsontheearth74.Theunderlinedwordmingledinthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.A.simpleB.mixedC.sadD.happy75.Whatdoyouthinktheauthorismostlikelytosuggestifhecontinuestowrite?A.Furtherapplicationofsciencetowar.B.MorereadingofWilliamShakespearE.C.Properuseofscienceinthenewcentury.D.Effectivewaystoseparatethegoodfromtheill.

Beforeanewtypeofairplanegoesintoserviceeverypartofitistestedagainandagain.Buttherearetwoteststhataremoreimportantthanalltheothers.Thefirstiscalledthetanktest.A.modemairplanemustflyveryhighinthesky.AirmustbepumpedintotheplanesothatthepassengerscanbreathE.Themetalstructure结构oftheplanehastobeverystrongforthisreason.Whentheplaneisfilledwith'airtheairpressesagainsttheskinoftheplaneinsidE.Thepressure压力onasmallwindowislikeahugefootthatistry­ingtogetout.Ifasmallpartoftheplaneweretofailtheplanewouldexplodeinthesky.Totestthestructureoftheplanetheplaneisloweredintoahugetankorcontainerofwater.Thenitisfilledwithair.Thepressureinsidetheplaneisgreaterthaniteverwillbewhenitishighupintheair.Finallythereisanexplosion.ThisdoesnotcausesomuchdamageinsidethewatertankasitwouldanywhereelsE.Engineerscandiscoverwhichpartoftheplanehasbroken.Thenthatpartismadestronger.Themostdangeroustesthappenswhenthenewplaneisgoingthroughtestflightsintheair.Thetestpilotmustfindoutexactlywhathappenswhentheengines发动机areallshutoffatoncE.TheplanebeginstofalllikeastonE.Itisthepilot'sjobtofindouthowhecangetcontroloftheplaneagain.Thesetwotestsareexamplesofhowplanesaremadesafebeforetheyevercarrypassengers.68.Bydoingthetanktesttheengineerscanfindout_________.A.theamountofairintheplaneB.thestrengthoftheplanestructureC.thepressureinsideandoutsidetheplaneD.thepoweroftheairplaneengines69.Whatwillhappentotheplaneunderthetanktest?A.Itwillbebroken.B.Itwillbemadestronger.C.Itwillbefilledwithwater.D.Itwillbetestedbypilots.70.Accordingtothetextwhyaretestflightsmostdangerous?A.Theplanemayexplodeintheair.C.TheenginesmaybedamageD.B.ThepilotmaylosecontroloftheplanE.D.ToomuchairmaygetintotheplanE.71.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.TwoImportantTestsonAirplanesC.TheDangerofTestingAirplanesB.TheImportanceofFlyingSafelyD.HowAirplanesAreMadeandTested

Thetemperatureofthesunisover5000degreesFahrenheitatthesurfacebutitrisestoperhapsmorethan16milliondegreesatthecenter.ThesunissomuchhotterthandieearththatmattercanexistonlyasagasexceptatthecorE.InthecoreofthesunthepressuresaresogreatagainstthegasesthatdespitethehightemperaturetheremaybeasmallsolidcorE.HowevernoonereallyknowssincethecenterofthesuncanneverbedirectlyobserveD.Solarastronomersdoknowthatthesunisdividedintofivelayersorzones.StartingattheoutsideandgoingdownintothesunthezonesarethecoronachromospherephotosphereconvectionzoneandfinallythecorE.Thefirstthreezonesareregardedasthesun'satmospherE.Butsincethesunhasnosolidsurfaceitishardtotellwheretheatmosphereendsandthemainbodyofthesunbegins.Thesun'soutermostlayerbeginsabout10000milesabovethevisiblesurfaceandgoesoutwardformllionsofmiles.Thisistheonlypartofthesunthatcanbeseenduringaneclipse日食suchastheoneinFebruary1979.Atanyothertimethecoronacanbeseenonlywhenspecialinstrumentsareusedoncamerasandtelescopestoshutouttheglareofthesun'srays.Thecoronaisabrilliantpearlywhitefilmylightaboutasbrightasthefullmoon.ItsbeautifulraysareasensationalsightduringaneclipsE.Thecorona'sraysflashoutinabrilliantfanthathaswispyspikelike一束束穗状raysnearthesun'snorthandsouthpoles.Thecoronaisthickestatthesun'sequator.Thecoronaraysaremadeupofgasesstreamingoutwardattremendousspeedssadreachingatemperatureofmorethan2milliondegreesFahrenheit.Theraysofgasthinoutastheyreachthespacearoundtheplanets.Bythetimethesun'scoronaraysreachtheEarththeyareweakandinvisiblE.Matterontheaimcanexistonlyinfeeformofgasbecauseofthesun's___.A.sizeB.ageC.locationD.temperatureAllofthefollowingarepartsofthesun'satmosphereEXCEPTthe___.A.coronaB.chromosphereC.photosphereD.coreAccordingtothepassageasthecoronara5'sreach-dieplaaststheybecome___.A.hotterB.clearerC.thinnerD.strongerWhichof'diefollowingdotheparagraphsfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscuss?A.Theremaininglayersofthesun.B.Theevolutionofthesuntoitspresentform.C.TheeclipseofFebruary1979.D.AlltheabovE.

PITTSBURGH–Formostpeoplesnakesseemunpleasantoreventhreatening.ButHowieChosetseesintheirdelicatemovementsawaytosavelives.The37-year-oldCarnegieMellonUniversityprofessorhasspentyearsdevelopingsnake-likerobotshehopeswilleventuallyslidethroughfallenbuildingsinsearchofvictimstrappedafternaturaldisastersorotheremergencies.DanKaraispresidentofRoboticsTrendsaNorthboroMass.-basedcompanythatpublishesanonlineindustrymagazineandrunsroboticstradeshows.Hesaidthereareothersnake-likerobotsbeingdevelopedmainlyatuniversitiesbutdidn’tknowofonethatcouldclimbpipes.TheCarnegieMellonmachinesaredesignedtocarrycamerasandelectronicsensorsandcanbecontrolledwithajoystick操纵杆.Theymovesmoothlywiththehelpofsmallelectricmotorsorservoscommonlyusedbyhobbyistsinmodelairplanes.Builtfromlightweightmaterialstherobotsareaboutthesizeofahumanarmorsmaller.TheycansensewhichwayisupbutareonlyasgoodastheirhumanoperatorsChosetaddeD.SamStoverasearchtermmanagerwiththeFederalEmergencyManagementAgencybasedinIndianasaidsnake-typerobotswouldoffergreatermobilitythanequipmentcurrentlyavailablesuchascamerasattachedtoextendableroles.Itjustallowsustodosomethingwe’venotbeenabletodobeforeStoversaidWeneededthemyesterday.Hesaidsnifferdogsarestillthebestsearchtoolforrescueworkersbutthattheycanonlybeusedeffectivelywhenworkershaveaccesstodamagedbuildings.Stoveramongtherescueworkerswhohandledtheaftermath后果ofHurricaneKatrinasaidsnakerobotswouldhavehelpedrescuerssearchfloodedhousesinthatdisaster.Chosetsaidtherobotsmaynotbereadyforuseforanotherfivetotenyearsdependingonfunding.72.WhichinstitutionisresponsibleforthedevelopmentofChoset’srobots?A.RoboticsTrends.B.PittsburghCityCouncil.C.CarnegieMellonUniversity.D.FederalEmergencyManagementAgency.73.Chosetbelievesthathisinvention______.A.canbeattachedtoanelectronicarmB.canbeusedbyhobbyistsinmodelairplanesC.canfindvictimsmorequicklythanasnifferdogD.cansenseitswaynobetterthanitsoperators74.BysayingWeneededthemyesterdayparagraph7Stovermeansthatsnake-likerobots_____.A.couldhelphandletheaftermathofHurricaneKatrinaB.wouldhavebeenputtouseinpastrescueworkC.helpedrescuerssearchfloodedhousesyesterdayD.wereingreaterneedyesterdaythantoday75.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Snake-likerobotsusedinindustries.B.Snake-likerobotsmadetoaidinrescues.C.Thedevelopmentofsnake-likerobots.D.Theworkingprinciplesofsnake-likerobots.

Whileallmyclassmatesseentobecrazyaboutaone-waytickettoMars火星I’drathersayMarsistotallyunsuitableforhumanexistencE.Peoplewon’thaveenoughfoodsuppliesthereandtheterribleenvironmentwouldmakeitimpossibleforthemtolivealonglifE.Besidesthejourneywon’tbesafE.CananybodyexplaintomejustwhypeoplewouldgotoMarsnevertoreturn?SteveMinearUKHerearethethingsyoucanthinkof:thedesiretoexploreaforeignanduniqueenvironmenttheexcitementofbeingthefirsthumanstoopenupanewworldtheexpectationoffameandgloryForscientiststhereisanotherreason.Theirobservationsandresearchwillprobablyleadtogreatscientificachievements.DonalTrollopCanadaTherearealreadytoomanypeopleontheEarth.Ithinkthatsometimebeforetheendofthecenturytherewillbeahumancolony殖民地onMars.Itwillhappenwhenpeoplefinallyrealizethattow-waytripstotheredplanetMarsareunnecessary.MostofthedangerofspaceFlightisinthelaunches发射andlandings.CuttingthetriphomewouldthereforereducethedangerofaccidentssavealotofmoneyandopenthewaytobuildinganeverlastinghumansettlementonanotherworlD.EnoughsuppliescanbesentonaheaD.AndeverytwoyearsmoresuppliesandmorepeoplewillneedsandMarsisfarmorepleasantthantheotherplanetsintheouterspacE.PaulDavies.USA60.ThemainpurposeofSteveMinear’swritingis.A.toreporthisclassmates’discussionB.toinviteananswertohisquestionC.toexplainthenaturalstateofMarsD.toshowhisagreementongoingtoMars61.WhichofthefollowingbeststatesDonalTrollop’sidea?A.ThereisaplantosendhumanstoMars.B.TherearemanyreasonsforgoingtoMars.C.ScientistsbecomefamousbydoingresearchonMars.D.ItispossibletobuildanEarth-likeenvironmentonMars.62.PaulDaviespointsoutthat.A.humansneedonlyaone-waytickettoMars.B.two-waytripstoMarswillbemadesafesoonC.itiseasytoreducethedangerandcostofflightstoMarsD.itischeaptobuildaneverlastinghumansettlementonMars63.WhatdoesPaulDaviesthinkofhumanexistenceonMars?A.HumanswillhavetobringalltheyneedfromtheEarth.B.HumanswillfindMarstotallyunsuitableforliving.C.HumanscanproduceeverythingtheyneeD.D.HumanscanlivelongerinthecolonyonMars.

Everyyearlandslides{滑坡}cause25to50deathsand$1.5billionindamageintheUnitedStates.Theyaccountfor15percentofthedeathsfromnaturaldisastersinEuropE.AndinDecem??berasingleeventkilledmorethan200peopleinthePhilippines.Sendingworkerstostabilize加固mountainsidesusingsteelbarsandcement水泥canhelppreventdisasterbutitintroducesnewdifficulties.Shakingdrillsproduceharmfuldustandloosenheavydangerousdebris米屑.It'squiteariskyjobsaysGiorgioPezzutoofD'AppoloniaanengineeringcompanyinItaly.D.'Appoloniaworkingwitheightothercompaniesmayhaveananswer:athree-tonrobotcalledRoboclimber.Theideaistooperateamachinefarawaythatcandrillwithoutahu??manbeingonboard'saysPezzutomanagerfortheprojectwhichissupportedbytheEuropeanCommission.Engineersclaimthatthemachinewillbefasterandcheaperthanmanuallabor.Therobotalargeradio-controlledfour-leggedme??chanicalspider蜘蛛hascostatleast$2mil??lionsofar.Thefinalproductshouldbeabletoclimbunstablemountainsidesdrillholesinsertbarsandcementandcollectdataontheslope'sstability.TestingshouldbegininMay.TheunderlinedwordeventinParagraphlrefersto___.A.landslideB.machineC.earthquakeD.floodThepurposeinwritingthistextis___..A.totellpeoplehowseriousthedamagecausedbylandslidesisB.totellpeoplethatsendingworkerstosta??bilizemountainsidesisariskyjobC.tointroduceaproductthatcanbeusedtostabilizemountainsidesD.toshowpeoplehowtouseanewproductWhatdoestherobotlooklike?A.Ahumanbeing.B.Aspider.C.Atruck.D.Adrill.Thebiggestadvantageofthisproductisthat_________.A.itwillbefasterandcheaperthanmanuallaborB.itcanclimbmountainsidesdrillholesinsertbarsandcementC.itcancollectdataontheslope’sstabilityD.itcandrillwithoutahumanbeingonboard

阅读短文根据所读内容在文后76～85的空格里填上适当的单词或短语并将答案转写到答题卡上注意每空不超过3个单词OnaverageAmericanswasteasmuchenergyastwo-thirdsoftheworld’spopulationconsumes.That’slargelytheresultofdrivinginefficientcarsusinginefficientappliancesandlivingandworkinginpoorlyinsulatedbuildings.Thenwhatcanyoudotoimprovethesituation?Buyenergy-efficientproducts.―Buynewappliancesorelectronicsofthehighestenergy-efficiencyrating.Newenergy-efficientmodelsmaycostmoreinitiallybuthavealoweroperatingcostovertheirlifetimes.Themostenergy-efficientmodelscarrytheEnergyStarlabelwhichidentifiesproductsthatuse20―40percentlessenergythanstandardnewproducts.AccordingtotheEPAthetypicalAmericanhouseholdcansaveabout$400peryearinenergybillswithproductsthatcarrytheEnergyStar.Switchtocompactfluorescentbulbs.―Changethethreebulbsyouusemostinyourhousetocompactfluorescents.EachcompactfluorescentbulbwillkeephalfatonofcarbondioxideoutoftheairoveritslifetimE.Moreovercompactfluorescentbulbslasttentimesaslongandcansave$30peryearinelectricitycosts.Setheatingandcoolingtemperaturescorrectly.―Checkthermostatsinyourhometomakesuretheyaresetatalevelthatdoesn’twasteenergy.Getanelectronicthermostatthatwillallowyourfurnacetoheatthehousetoalowertemperaturewhenyou’resleepingandreturnittoamorecomfortabletemperaturebeforeyouwakeup.Turnoffthelights.―Turnofflightsandotherelectricalappliancessuchastelevisionsandradioswhenyou’renotusingthem.Installautomatictimersforlightsthatpeopleinyourhousefrequentlyforgettoturnoffwhenleavingaroom.Title:76.______77._____Americanswasteasmuchenergyas78._______oftheworld’spopulationconsumes.Causes●Drivinginefficientcars;●79._________●Livingandworkinginpoorlyinsulatedbuildings80._____Buyenergy-efficientproductswiththe81.________label82.______●havealoweroperatingcostovertheirlifetimes;●saving20―40percentenergy;●saveabout$400peryearinenergybillsSwitchto83.______●keepinghalfatonofcarbondioxideoutoftheairoveritslifetime●lastingtentimesaslong●saving$30peryearin84.______.SetheatingandcoolingtemperaturescorrectlyTurnoffthelightsor85.______

June2000―theHumanGenome基因组Projectagreat$3billion15-yeartaskaimedatdrawingthegenetic遗传的mapofhumansisnowmorethan90percentcompleteD.Thescientificandmedicalcommunities团体areveryexcitedaboutthechancesgeneticresearchprovidesforgettingridofdiseasesandprolonging延长humanlifE.Butthosecommunitiesandpolicy政策makersalsoarecarefulaboutthescientificdoortheyareopeningastheprojectuncoversthemysteriesoflifE.Forthelastfewyearsthegeneticadvancesinthedevelopingfieldofbiotechnology生物技术haveprovidedmaterialforallkindsofworkbutthedevelopmentsofmodernscienceinunlockingthesecretsofthehumangeneticcode密码haveopenedaworldofpossibilitiesforhumanhealthaswellasforthepopularimagination.WhileEuropeanandJapaneseresearchersaremakingrapidprogressindecoding解码humanDNAtheleadingorganizationforgeneticresearchintheUnitedStateswhichbeganin1990isunlockingthecodeofthehumanbodytolearnhowtodefeatfatal致命的diseases.AlreadytheHumanGenomeProjecthasbecomewidelyknownandpraisedforfindingthegenes基因connectedwithterriblediseasesasyet迄今andmakingprogresstowardseparatingthegenesthatshowasignofbreastcancerorAIDS.Oncethesegenesarefoundandstudiedresearcherscandevelopnewwaystoattackinfections传染andgeneticdiseases.Medicalcompaniesareveryinterestedinmappingthehumangenomeastheyexpecttodevelopalotofnewdrugsfortheseillnesses.64.Whydidthescientistsworkhardatmappingthehumangenome?A.Becausethehumangenome'scompletioncanhelpthemgetridofmanydiseases.B.Becausethehumangenomecandestroymanyillnesses.C.Becausetheywantedtobebetterknownthanothers.D.Becausethehumangenomecanprovidealotofchancesofwork.65.Whichcountrystudiedthegenesmostrapidlyintheworld?A.Japan.B.Germany.C.TheUnitedStates.D.China.66.Themainideaofthisarticleisabout_______.A.thegenes'discoveryB.unlockinggeneticcodeC.thegreathumangenomeD.thegenesandthescientists

Americanresearcherssaydrinkingteamayhelpstrengthenthebody’sdefensesystemagainstinfection感染.DoctorsatBrighamandWomen’sHospitalinBostonMassachusettsdidthestudy.TheteamstudiedachemicalfoundinblackgreenoolongandpekoeteaThischemicalisanaminoacid氨基酸calledL-theanine.ThescientistssayitmayincreasethestrengthofGammadeltaTcellswhicharepartofthebody’sdefenses.Firsttheresearchersmixedsomeofthesecellswithantigens抗原foundintheaminoacidAntigenshelpthebodyreacttoinfection.Thenthescientistsaddedsomebacteria细菌.Withintwenty-fourhoursthecellsproducedalotofinterferonasubstancethatfightsinfectionCellsnotmixedwiththeantigensdidnotproduceinterferon.Inthesecondpartofthestudyelevenpeopledrankfivetosixcupsofblackteaeveryday.Tenotherpeopledrankthesameamountofinstantcoffee.Thatisdriedcoffeemixedwithhotwater.Twoweekslaterandagaintwoweeksafterthattheresearcherstestedthebloodofalltwenty-onepeople.Theyalsolookedatwhathappenedwhentheyaddedbacteriatothebloodcells.TheyfoundthattheteadrinkersproducedfivetimesmoreinterferonaftertheystarteddrinkingteaThecoffeedrinkersdidnotproduceinterferon.DoctorJackBukowskiledthestudyHesaystheantigensaddedtotheGammadeltaTcellswereresponsiblefortheincreasedreactiontothebacteria.Hesaysthestudyalsoshowedthatthecellswereabletorememberthebacteriaandfightthemagainthenexttime.EarlierresearchalreadyhasfoundthatteacanhelppreventheartdiseaseandcancerDoctorBukowskisaysthenewstudymustberepeatedwithmorepeople.Ifthefindingsprovetobetruehesaysthenteadrinkingmightalsohelpprotectagainstbacterialinfections.HesaystheaminoacidL-theaninecouldberemovedfromteaandusedasadrugtostrengthenthebody’sdefenses.72.Wemayknowfromthetextthatcanbefoundindifferentkindsoftea.A.GammadeltaTcellsB.L-theanineC.interferonD.bacteria73.Teamayhelpstrengthenthebody’sdefensesystembecauseithelps.A.thebodytoproducemoreinterferonB.thebodytoproducemoreGammadeltaTcellsC.toaddsomebacteriatothebloodcellsD.tomixantigenswithsomeofthecellsinthebody74.AccordingtoDrBukowski.A.thefindingsofthestudyhavealreadyprovedtobetrueB.hebastakensomeaminoacidL-theaninefromteaandmadeadrugwithitC.furtherstudyisneededtoprovethefindingstrueD.heisnotsurewhetherteacanhelppreventheartdiseaseandcancer75.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.TeaIsBetterThanCoffee.B.TeaMayHelpFightInfection.C.TeaCanHelpPreventCancer.D.OurBodyNeedsTea.

Arecentreporthassuggestedthatairpollutioninourbigcitiescouldbeasdamagingtoourhealth.Thereportputforwardpracticaltipsthatcitypeoplecantaketoreducetheirexposure暴露tocityairpollution.Quitealotitturnsout.◙WatchwhereyouwalkAvoidwalkingalongbusystreetsandthoroughfares大街insteadchoosingsidestreetsandparks.becausepollutionlevelscanfallbyafactorof10justbymovingafewmetresawayfromthemainsourceofthepollution-exhaustfumes.Don'twalkbehindsmokersandwalkonthewindward迎风sideofthestreetwhereexposuretopollutants污染源canbe50%lessthanontheleeward背风sidE.◙Pavement人行道senseWhenyou'recrossingaroadstandwellbackfromthekerb路边石whileyouwaitforthelightstochangE.EverymetrereallydoescountwhenyouareclosetotraffiC.AsthetrafficmovesthegasescandisappearinjustafewsecondsparticularlyifthewindisupwhichmeansholdingyourbreathduringthisperiodcanmakeadifferencesillyasthatmightsounD.BesidescrosstheroadasquicklyaspossiblE.Andonceyou'reovercontinuealongthepavementasfarawayfromthekerbaspossiblE.◙WheretositonthebusSittingonthedriver'ssideofabuscanincreaseyourexposureby10%comparedwithsittingonthesidenearesttothepavement.Andsittingupstairsonadouble-deckercanreduceyourexposuretoo.It'sdifficulttosaywhethertravellingonanundergroundtrainisbetterorworsethantakingthebusbuttheairpollutiononundergroundtrainstendstobelesstoxic有毒的byweightthanthatfoundatstreetlevel.◙Wearamask口罩Maskscanbeagoodthingbuttheyonlymakeadifferenceiftheyfittightlyandarecleanedregularly.Eventheslightestgaptoallowyoutobreathemoreeasilywillneutralizeanyadvantages.Worseifyoufailtocleanorchangethemaskregularlysomethingdangerouscanformonthemask.Sotheairyoubreatheisdirtierratherthancleaner.68.Thebesttitleforthepassageprobablywouldbe________.A.HowtomakeourlifeeasyandateaseB.Howtoreducetheexposuretocityairpollution.C.ThewaystodealwithcitypollutionD.Weshoulddrawalessonfromcityairpollution69.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor’sopinionaccordingtothepassage?A.thereisnowaytoescapefromairpollutionB.weshouldn’ttravelonanundergroundorabus.C.wemustreduceairpollutiontoliveinthecityD.wemusttrytoprotectourselvesfromcityairpollution.70.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.whenyouareclosetotrafficitisnotadvisabletoholdyourbreathawhileB.CrossthestreetasquicklyaspossiblewhenwaitingforthelighttochangeC.Travellingonanundergroundtrainisbetterthantakingthebus.D.Don’tgetclosetotrafficwheneveritispossiblE.71.Thewordneutralizeunderlinedinthelastparagraphprobablymeans_________.A.cutdownB.addtoC.leadtoD.getinto

第二部分阅读理解共20小题第一节共15小题每题2分第二节共5题每题2分共40分阅读下列短文从每题所给的四个选项A.B.C.D中选出最佳选项AUnnoticedandunappreciatedforfivedecadesalargefemaleturtle龟withastained彩色的leathery粗而硬的shellisnowapreciouscommodity物品inChangsha’soldzoo.Sheisfedonaspecialdietofrawmeat.Hersmallpoolhasbeencoveredwithglasswhichcandefenditfrombullets.Aspecialcameramonitorshermovements.Aguardispostedatnight.ThepurposeissimpletheturtlemustnotdiE.Earlierthisyearscientistsconcludedthatshewastheplanet’slastknownfemaleYangtzegiantsoftshellturtlE.Sheisabout80yearsoldandweighsalmost90pounds.AsithappenstheplanetalsohasonlyoneknownmalE.HelivesatazoothecityofSuzhou.Heis100yearsoldandweighsabout200pounds.TheyarethelasthopeofsavingaspeciesbelievedtobethelargestfreshwaterturtlesintheworlD.It’saverydangeroussituationsaidPeterPritchardafamousturtleexpertintheUnitedStateswhohashelpedtrytosavethespecies.FormanyChinesepeopletheturtleisthesymbolofhealthandlonglifebutthelasttwoYangtzegiantsoft-shellcreaturesshowthethreatenedstateofwildlifeandbiodiversity生物多样性inChinA.Pollutionhuntingandoverdevelopmentaredestroyingnaturalhabitatsandalsoendangeringtheplantandtheanimalpopulation.Chinacontainssomeoftheworld’srichesttreasuresofbiodiversityyetthelatestmajorsurveyofplantsandanimalsshowsadiscouragingpicturE.Nearly40percentofallmammalspeciesinChinaarenowendangeredScientistssay.Forplantsthesituationisworse70percentofallnonfloweringplantspeciesand86percentoffloweringspeciesareconsideredthreateneD.46.WhyistheturtleinChangshaspeciallycared?A.Shehasbeenunnoticedandunappreiatedfivedecades.B.ShecanbesoldatahighpricE.C.Sheistheplanet’slastknownfemaleYangtzegiantsoft-shellturtlE.D.Sheisoldandheavy.47.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.TheturtleinChangshaispreciousbecauseitisthesymbolofhealthandlonglifE.B.PeterPritchardbelievesthefemaleturtleisthelargestfreshwaterturtleintheworlD.C.ThefemaleturtleisinadangeroussituationwhereshemaybekilleD.D.ThefemaleturtleinChangshaandthemaleturtleinSuzhouarethelasthopeofsavingthelargestfreshwaterturtlespeciesintheworlD.48.Accordingtothetext________inChinA.A.therearetherichestspeciesoflivingthingsB.wildplantsandanimalsarebecomingfewerC.turtlesarespeciallyprotectedD.thesituationofplantsisbetterthanthatofmammalspecies49.ThelastparagraphprovesthethreatenedstateofwildlifeandbiodiversityinChinaby__________.A.factsandnumbersB.PeterPritchard’SwordsC.teachingtheoryD.tellingastory

TheChinesehaveusedamethodcalledacupuncturetohelpperformoperationsforabout4000yearswithoutputtingthepatienttosleep.Thisinvolvesinserting插入flexibleneedles针intocertainpartsofthebody.TheneedlesusedareavailableinanumberofstoresinChinaandeveryonemaybuythem.Tolearnhowtouseneedletakesaboutonemonthoftraining.ButtobeskillfulrequiresgreatertimE.Thepersonwhoperformstheacupunctureknowshowtoinserttheneedlessotheneedlesthemselvesarenotpainful.ThispersonalsoknowswheretoplacetheneedlessothepatientfeelsnopainintheareawheretheoperationistobeperformeD.TheneedlesarenotnecessarilyinsertedneartheplacewherethepainistobepreventeD.Inthepastaparticularoperationmightrequire25ormoreneedlesplacedinvariouspartsofthebody.Butnowthisoperationrequiresonly3or4needles.TodaytheChinesedoctorsaretryingtolearnmoreaboutacupuncturE.Theyaretryingtodevelopaconvincingtheorytoexplainhowtheneedlesworkinpreventingpainorwhyaneedleinthewrist手腕forexamplewouldpreventthepainintheareaofthemouth.A.patientwhoneedsanoperationisgivenachoicebetweenhavingacupunctureorhavingoneofthechemicalsusedforputtinghimtosleep.Ithasbeenestimatedthatoverhalfofthepatientschooseacupuncturebecausethereisnosicknessaftertheoperationwhereas然而反之thechemicalmaymakethepatientsickforafewhoursoraday.1.Acupunctureisakindof_______.A.medicalneedlesB.medicalequipmentC.medicaltechniqueD.medicalexamination2.Toperformtheacupunctureskillfullyone_______.A.hastolearnhowtoinserttheneedlesaccuratelyintherightplaceB.shouldinserttheneedleswherethepainistobepreventedC.needstobetrainedforashortperiodoftimeD.mustusefewerneedlesthaninthepast3.Accordingtothe3rdparagraphwecaninfer_______.A.peoplemustinsertaneedleinthewristtopreventthepaininthemouthB.peoplecometorealizetheshortcomingsoftheacupunctureC.peopleareconvincedtousetheacupuncturetocurediseasesD.peopleneedtomakedeeperresearchintotheacupuncture4.Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplepreferhavingacupuncturebecause_______.A.acupuncturehasnosideeffectsaftertheoperationB.acupuncturecoststhemlessthanhavingchemicalsC.chemicalsusuallycausemanymoredeathsD.theywanttoprotectthetraditionalChinesemedicine5.Theauthorofthepassagetendstobe________acupuncturE.A.stronglyagainstB.infavorofC.doubtfulaboutD.uninterestedin

A.PopularityofScienceFictionB.A.FairlyNewDevelopmentC.ClassicsofScienceFictionD.DifficultyinKeepingaheadofScientificAdventureE.TheOriginofScienceFictionF.ThemesofModernScienceFiction80.Amongstthemostpopularbooksbeingwrittentodayarethosewhichareusuallyclassifiedassciencefiction.HundredsoftitlesarepublishedeveryyearandarereadbyallkindsofpeoplE.Furthermoresomeofthemostsuccessfulfilmsofrecentyearshavebeenbasedonsciencefictionstories.81.Itisoftenthoughtthatsciencefictionisafairlynewdevelopmentinliteraturebutitsancestorscanbefoundinbookswrittenhundredsofyearsago.Thesebookswereoftenconcernedwiththepresentationofsomeformofidealsocietyathemewhichisstilloftenfoundinmodernstories.82.Mostoftheclassicsofsciencefictionhoweverhavebeenwrittenwithinthelasthundredyears.BooksbywriterssuchasJulesVerneandH.G.Wellstomentionjusttwowell-knownauthorshavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.83.Modernsciencefictionwritersdon'twriteaboutmenfromMarsorspaceadventurestories.Theyaremoreinterestedinpredictingtheresultsoftechnicaldevelopmentsonsocietyandthehumanmind;orinimaginingfutureworldswhichareareflectionoftheworldwhichweliveinnow.Becauseofthistheirwritinghasobviouspoliticalundertones.84.Inanagewheresciencefactfrequentlyovertakessciencefictionthewritersmayfinditdifficulttokeepaheadofscientificadvances.Thosewhoaresufficientlyclear-sightedtoseethewaywearegoinghowevermayprovideavaluablelessononhowtodealwiththeproblemswhichsocietywillinevitablyfaceasittriestomasteritsnewtechnology.

Peoplebelievesthatclimbingcandogoodtohealth.Wherecanyoulearntheskillofclimbingthen?Ifyouthinkthatyouhavetogotothemountainstolearnhowtoclimbyou’rewrong.ManyAmericansarelearningtoclimbincitygyms体育馆.Herepeoplearelearningonclimbing.Theclimbingwallgoesstraightupandsmallholdingplacesforhandsandfeet.Howdopeopleclimbthewall?Toclimbyouneedspecialshoesand保护带aroundyourchesttoholdyou.Thereareropes绳索tiedtoyour.Theropesholdyouinplacesothatyoudon’tfall.A.beginner’swallisusuallyabout15feethighandyouclimbstraightup.Therearesmallpiecesofmetalthatstickoutforyoutostandonandholdonto.Sometimesit’seasytoseethenewpieceofmetal.Sometimesit’snot.Themostdifficultisanyourfear.It’snormalforhumanstobeafraidoffallingsoit’sdifficultnottofeelfear.ButwhenyoumoveawayfromthewalltheandtheropesholdyouandyoubegintofeelsafE.Youmoveslowlyuntilyoureachthetop.Climbingattractspeoplebecauseit’sgoodexerciseforalmosteveryonE.Youuseyourwholebodyespeciallyyourarmsandlegs.Thissportgivesyourbodyacompleteworkout.Whenyouclimbbothyourmindandyourbodycanbecomestronger.64.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Peoplearefairlyinterestedinclimbingnowadays.B.Itisimpossibletobuildupone’sbodybyclimbing.C.Peoplecanonlylearntheskillofclimbingoutdoors.D.Itisalwayseasytoseeholdingplacesinclimbing.65.Themostdifficultthingtodoinwallclimbingis_______.A.totieropestoyourB.tocontrolyourfearC.tomoveawayfromthewallD.toclimbstraightup66.Thewordworkoutunderlinedinthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans_________.A.settlementB.exerciseC.excitementD.tiredness67.Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?A.Totellpeoplewheretofindgyms.B.ToprovethebasicneedforclimbingC.Toencouragepeopletoclimbmountains.D.introducethesportofwallclimbing

WhenaSwedishshipthatsankin1628wasrecoveredfromtheportofStockholmhistoriansandscientistswereoverjoyedwiththechancetoexaminetheremainsofthepast.Theshipconstructionshowedhowshipswerebuiltandoperatedduringtheseventeenthcentury.Inthiswayartifactsobjectsmadebyhumanbeingsprovidedapictureofdailylifealmost400yearsago.Underwaterarchaeologythestudyofshipsaircraftandhumansettlementsthathavesunkunderlargebodiesofwater―isreallyaproductofthelast50years.Therapidgrowthofthisnewareaofstudyhasoccurredbecauseoftheinventionofbetterdivingequipment.BesidestheSwedishshipwreck残骸underwaterarchacologistshavemademoreexcitingdiscoveriessuchasthe5000-year-oldboatsintheMediterraneanSeA.Underwaterarchacologycanprovidefactsaboutthepast.Inancientportsallovertheworldareshipssunkeninthepast6000years.Therearealsosunkensettlementsinseasandlakestellingofpeople’swayoflifeandtheirsystemsoftradeinancienttimes.Underwaterarchacologistswanttostudytheseobjectstoaddtotheworld’sknowledgeofhistorybuttheyhavetofighttwoenemies.Oneenemyistreasurehunterswhodiveforancientartifactsthattheycanselltocollectors.Oncesoldtheseobjectsarelosttoexperts.Thesecondenemyisdredgingmachines挖掘机oftenusedtorepairports.ThesemachinesdestroywrecksandartifactsorburythemdeeperundersandandmuD.Byteachingthepublicabouttheimportanceofunderwatermuseumsofthepastarchaeologistsarehopingtogetsupportforlawstoprotectunderwatertreasures.63.WhatpurposedoesParagraph1serveinthepassage?A.ToprovidebackgroundinformationofthetopiC.B.Toattractreaders’attentiontothetopiC.C.TouseanexampletosupportthetopiC.D.ToofferbasicknowledgeofthetopiC.64.Theaimofunderwaterarchacologyisto.A.exploitwaterbodiesB.searchforunderwaterlifeC.studyunderwaterartifactsD.examineunderwaterenvironment65.Underwaterarchaeologistsareworriedbecause.A.seahuntershavebetterdivingequipmentB.theirknowledgeofworldhistoryislimitedC.dredgingmachinescausedamagetotheportsD.soldartifactscanhardlyberegainedforresearch66.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.tointroduceayoungbranchoflearning.B.Todiscussthescientists’problems.C.Toexplainpeople’swayoflifeinthepast.D.Todescribethesunkenships.

PartB:ReadingComprehension20%A.Backpacksareconvenient.Theycanholdyourbooksyourlunchandachangeofclothesleavingyourhandsfreetodootherthings.Somedayifyoudon’tmindcarryingaheavyloadyourbackpackmightalsopoweryourMP3playerkeepyourcellphonerunningandmaybeevenlightyourwayhomE.ScientistsfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniainPhiladelphiaandtheMarineBiologicalLaboratoryinWoodsHoleMass.haveinventedabackpackthatmakeselectricityfromenergyproducedwhileitswearerwalks.Thebackpack’selectricity-creatingpowersdependonspringsusedtohangaclothpackfromitsmetalframE.Theframesitsagainstthewearer’sbackandthewholepackmovesupanddownasthepersonwalks.A.mechanismwithgears传动装置collectsenergyfromthismotionandtransfersittoanelectricalgenerator.Surprisinglytheresearchersfoundpeoplewalkdifferentlywhentheywearthespringypacks.Asaresultwearersuselessenergythanwhencarryingregularbackpacks.Alsothewaythenewpacksrideonwearers’backsmakesthemmorecomfortablethanstandardpacks.Thebackpackcouldbeespeciallyusefulforsoldiersscientistsmountaineersandemergencyworkerswhotypicallycarryheavybackpacks.ThesepeopleoftenrelyonglobalpositioningsystemGPSreceiversnight-visiongoggles夜视镜andotherbattery-powereddevicestogetaroundanddotheirwork.Becausethepackcanmakeitsownelectricityusersdon’tneedtogiveupspaceintheirpackstolotsofextrabatteries.Fortherestofuspower-generatingbackpackscouldmakeitpossibletowalkplayvideogameswatchTVandlistentomusicallatthesametimE.Electricity-generatingpacksaren’tonthemarketyetbutifyoudogetoneeventuallyjustmakesuretolookbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet!65.Thepassageintroducesanewkindof______backpack.A.electronicB.electricity-producingC.electron-generatingD.electricity-controlling66.Thenewbackpackmakesuseof______toproducepower.batteriesplacedatthebottomoftheframethemotionofthepackwhilethewearerwalksenergythewearerconsumesforcarryingthepackthecollectivemotionofamechanismandsomegears67.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat______.thebackpacksofmountaineersmaybecomesmallerinthefuturethenewbackpackcanhardlybeproducedduetoitspotentialdangerthenewbackpackwillsomedayreplaceMP3playersandcellphonesthebackpackwillalsoprovideelectricityforlightingourhouses68.Anenormousdisadvantageofpower-generatingbackpacksmightbethat______.theymaystopworkingatanytimeittakesquiteawhiletohavetheenergytransferredtheymaydistractthewearer’sattentionfromroadsafetytheywillbeextremelyheavywiththemechanism

Plantscan’tcommunicatebymovingormakingsoundsasmostanimalsdo.Insteadplantsproducevolatilecompoundschemicalsthateasilychangefromaliquidtoagas.Aflower’ssweetsmellforexamplecomesfromvolatilecompoundsthattheplantproducestoattractinsectssuchasbugsandbees.Plantscanalsodetectvolatilecompoundsproducedbyotherplants.A.treeunderattackbyhungryinsectsforinstancemaygiveoffvolatilecompoundsthatletothertreesknowabouttheattackInresponsetheothertreesmaysendoffchemicalstokeepthebugsaway-orevenchemicalsthatattractthebugs’naturalenemies.Nowscientistshavecreatedaquickwaytounderstandwhatplantsaresaying:achemicalsensor传感器calledanelectronicnosE.Thee-nosecantellcompoundsthatcropplantsmakewhenthey’reattackeD.Scientistssaythee-nosecouldhelpquicklydetestwhetherplantsarebeingeatenbyinsectsButtodaytheonlywaytodetectsuchinsectsistovisuallyinspectindividualplants.Thisisachallengingtaskformanagersofgreenhousesenclosedgardensthatcanhousethousandsofplants.Theresearchteamworkedwithane-nosethatrecognizesvolatilecompounds.Insidethedevice13sensorschemicallyreactwithvolatilecompounds.Basedontheseinteractionsthee-nosegivesoffelectronicsignalsthatthescientistsanalyzeusingcomputersoftwarE.Totestthenosetheteampresenteditwithhealthyleavesfromcucumberpepperandtomatoplantsallcommongreenhousecrops.Thenthescientistscollectedsamplesofairarounddamagedleavesfromeachtypeofcrop.Theseplantshadbeendamagedbyinsectsorbyscientistswhomadeholesintheleaveswithaholepunch打孔器.Thee-noseitturnsoutcouldidentifyhealthycucumberpepperandtomatoplantsbasedonthevolatilecompoundstheyproducE.ItcouldalsoidentifytomatoleavesthathadbeendamageD.Butevenmoreimpressivethedevicecouldtellwhichtypeofdamagebyinsectsorwithaholepunchhadbeendonetothetomatoleaves.Withsomefinetuningadevicelikethee-nosecouldonedaybeusedingreenhousestoquicklyspotharmfulbugstheresearcherssay.A.devicelikethiscouldalsobeusedtoidentifyfruitsthatareperfectlyripeandreadytopickandeatsaysNataliaDudareveabiochemistatPurdueUniversityinWestLafayetteInD.whostudiessmellsofflowersandplants.HopefullyscientistsbelievethedevicecouldbringlargebenefitstogreenhousemanagersinthenearfuturE.49.Welearnfromthetextthatplantscommunicatewitheachotherby______.A.makingsomesoundsB.wavingtheirleavesC.producingsomechemicalsD.sendingoutelectronicsignals50.Whatdidthescientistsdotofindoutifthee-noseworked?A.Theypresenteditwithallcommoncrops..B.Theyfixed13sensorsinsidethedevicE.C.Theycollecteddifferentdamagedleaves.D.Theymadetestsondamagedandhealthyleaves.51.Accordingtothewriterthemostamazingthingabouttheenoseisthatitcan______.A.pickoutripefruitsB.spottheinsectsquicklyC.distinguishdifferentdamagestotheleavesD.recognizeunhealthytomatoleaves52.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatthee-nose_____.A.isunabletotellthesmellofflowersB.isnotyetusedingreenhousesC.isdesignedbyscientistsatPurdueD.ishelpfulinkillingharmfulinsects

RecentlyacommitteeoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesinWashingtonreleasedareport.Itconfirmedthatworldtemperaturesincreasedaboutsix-tenthsofadegreeCelsiusinthelastonehundredyears.Thereportalsoconfirmedevidencethatthelevelofcarbondioxideinincreasing.ThebestinformationaboutclimateinthepastcomesfromtestsoficemanykilometersdeepinAntarcticaandGreenland.Thesetestsshowthatlevelsofcarbondioxidetodayarethehighestevermeasured.Thesefindingshaveledscientiststobelievethatcarbondioxideisamajorcauseofclimatewarming.CarbondioxideisreleasedintotheatmospherewhenfuelisburneD.Oilcoalandwoodareallfuelsthatreleasethegas.WhenbiologicalwastebreaksdownitalsoreleasescarbondioxidE.Howeverplantsusecarbondioxideintheprocesscalledphotosynthesis.ThisprocessprovidesfoodforalmostalllifeonEarth.Somegroupsthatsupportburningoilandcoalwanttoincreasetheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere.TheyopposeinternationaleffortstocontrolcarbondioxidE.Somescientistsbelievethatforestsandtreesareabletocapturelargeamountsofcarbondioxidefromtheair.Somegroupsevensuggestthatanincreaseincarbondioxidecouldcauseplantstogrowfaster.ArecentstudyinNorthCarolinafoundthatmorecarbondioxideintheaircouldcausetreestogrowfaster.Buttheresearchersfoundtheeffectappearstolastforonlythreeyears.Anotherstudyshowedthatmuchofthecarbondioxidethatistakeninbytreesinreleasedwithinthreeyears.Thestudynotedthatleavesreleasedcarbondioxidewhentheyfallfromtreesandbreakdowninthesoil.Plantsalsonaturallyreleasecarbondioxidethroughtheprocessofrespiration.72.WhichoneisNOTmentionedinthispassagethatcanbethesourceofcarbondioxide?A.OilB.TreesC.WoodD.Soil73.ThecommitteereportofNationalAcademyofsciencesinWashingtonrevealsthat.A.icefromAntarcticaandGreenlandisappropriatetoshowthechangeB.carbondioxideisreleasedmainlyfromthefuelC.levelofcarbondioxideincreaseswithglobaltemperaturesD.carbondioxideishelpfulfortreegrowth74.Accordingtothispassagethosepeopledisagreewiththecontrolofcarbondioxidebecause.A.theythinkthatcarbonisbeneficialforplantgrowthB.theywanttousemorefuelsthatcansendoutcarbondioxideC.theythinkitwilldestroythenaturalbalanceofgasesintheworldD.theythinkcarbondioxideisnotthemainreasonforglobalwarming75.ThosestudiescarriedoutinNorthCarolinasuggestthat.A.morecarbondioxideisbeneficialfortrees’growthformanydecadesB.trees’functionforabsorbingcarbondioxideislimitedC.carbondioxideisthemaincauseforglobalwarmingD.leavesfallingfromtreescansendoutmoreoxygen

It'snottheflashiestcarintheworlD.NotevenclosE.Butthe1971VolkswagennamedHelioscandosomethingmostcarscan't:nmonsolarenergy–energyfromthesun'slightandheat!JoshuaBechtold14andtheotherstudentsattheRiversideSchoolinLyndonvilleVermontworkedmanymonthstogetHeliosreadyforthe1999AmericanTourdeSolSolistheLatinwordforsun.TheynamedtheircarafterHeliosthesungodinGreekmythology神话.The4-year-oldTourdeSolencouragestheuseofgreenorenvironmentallyfriendlycarstohelpreducepollutionandsaveenergy.It’snotaracE.Carsarejudgedonfuelefficiency耗油量ratherthanspeeD.Intheweek-longevent44carstookthe350-miletourfromWaterburyConnecticuttoLakeGeorgeNewYork.Ofthe23studentcarsHelioswastheonlyonebuiltbymiddleschoolstudents.A.teacherdroveHeliosbutthechildrentalkedwithpeoplewherevertheystoppedalongthemaD.ThatwasmyfavoritepartsaysAnnaBrowne15.Weexplainedhowthecarruns.Dueinparttooldinefficientbatteries电池Heliosfinishedfourth-outoffour-initskindthesun-poweredclass.WewerethereforthefunofitAnnasays.We'reproudofHeliossaysArielGleicher14.It'sacarthat'sgoodfortheenvironment.64.WhatisspecialaboutthecarHeliosinthetext?A.Itwasbuiltbymiddleschoolstudents.B.Ithasanattractivedesign.C.Itwasmadein1971.D.ItwonthefourthprizE.65.Howmanysun-poweredcarstookpartintherace?A.1.B.4.C.23.D.44.66.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext.'?A.TheMakingofHeliosB.1999AmericanTourdeSolC.Sun-poweredCarsontheRoadD.UseofGreenCarsinConnecticut67.ThestudentsfeltproudofHeliosbecause______.A.itcouldrunasfaras350milesB.itwasfavoredbymanychildrenC.ithadhigh-qualitybatteriesD.itwasdrivenbycleanenergy

Althoughmanhasknownasbestos石棉formanyhundredsofyearsitwasnotuntil160yearsagothatitwasminedforthefirsttimeontheNorthAmericancontinent.H.W.JohnsownerofaNewYorkCitySupplyShopforrooferswasresponsiblefor对负责theopeningofthatfirstminE.Mr.JohnswasgivenapieceofasbestoswhichhadbeenfoundinItaly.Heexperimentedwiththematerialandthenshoweditssurprisingpowerstohiscustomers.Afterputtingonapairofasbestosgloveswhichlookedmuchlikeordinaryworkgloveshetookred-hotcoalsfromthefireplaceandplayedwiththeminhishands.Howastonishedthecustomersweretodiscoverthathewasnotburnedatall.Youcanwellimaginethathehadincreasingbusinessinasbestosroofingmaterials.HoweverbecauseitwasveryexpensivetotransportcarrythemfromItalytotheUnitedStatesMr.JohnssentoutayoungscientisttoseekasourcenearerhomE.Thisyoungmanfoundgreatvein岩脉intheprovinceofQuebecinCanadA.Eversince1881Quebechasledtheworldintheproductionofthisunusualmineralwhichismadeupofmagnesiumsiliconironandoxygen.WhenitisminedtheasbestosisheavyjustasyouwouldexpectamineraltobE.Whenitisseparatedastrangethinghappens;therockbreaksdownintofinesoftsoapyfibres纤维.Scientistsdonotknowwhytherockcanbeseparatedeasilyintothreads线buttheyhavefoundthousandsofusersofthisfireproofmaterialoftheso-calledclothofstone.59.Whichtitlebestexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?A.AsbestosminedinCanadaB.FireproofmatterC.A.wondermineralD.A.newroofingmaterial60.Johnsprovedhisabilityasasalesmanby_______.A.goingintoroofingbusinessB.carryingasbestosfromItalyC.sendingatrainedscientistD.showingtheuseofasbestosgloves61.Whichisthemostimportantcharacterofasbestosthattheauthorwantstoshowus?A.ItislikethreaD.B.Itfeelssoapy.C.Itburnseasily.D.Itisunusuallyheavy.62Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassagewasto_______.A.showtheneedformorescientistsB.compareasbestoswithothermineralsC.increasethesalesofasbestosD.presentfactsaboutasbestos

MWhenPaulwasaboygrowingupinUtahhehappenedtolivenearacoppersmelter炼铜厂andthechemicalsthatpouredouthadmadeawastelandoutofwhatusedtobeabeautifulforest.OnedayayoungvisitorlookedatthiswastelandandcalleditanawfulareA.Paulknockedhimdown.Fromthenonsomethinghappenedinsidehim.YearslaterPaulwasbackintheareaandhewenttothesmelterofficE.Heaskediftheyhadanyplansoriftheywouldlethimtrytobringthetreesback..TheanswerfromthatbigindustrywasNo.Paulthenwenttocollegetostudythescienceofplants.Unfortunatelyhisteacherssaidthereweren'tanybirdsorsquirrelstospreadtheseeds.Itwouldbeawasteofhislifetotrytodoit.EveryoneknewthathewastolD.Evenifhewasknowledgeableashehadexpectedhewouldn’tgethisideaaccepteD.Paullatergotmarriedandhadsomekids.ButhisdreamwouldnotdiE.AndthenonenighthedidwhathecouldwithwhathehaD.AsSamuelJohnsonwroteItiscommontooverlookwhatisnearbykeepingtheeyefixedonsomethingremotE.Attainablegoodisoftenignoredbymindsbusiedinwideranges.Underthecoverofdarknesshewentsecretlyintothewastelandandstartedplanting.Andeveryweekhemadehissecretjourneyintothewastelandandplantedtreesandgrass.Forfifteenyearshedidthisagainsttheplaincommonsense.SlowlyrabbitsappeareD.LaterastherewaslegalpressuretocleanuptheenvironmentthecompanyactuallyhiredPaultodowhathewasalreadydoing.NowtheplaceisfourteenthousandacresoftreesandgrassandbushesandPaulhasreceivedalmosteveryenvironmentalawardUtahhas.IttookhimuntilhishairturnedwhitebuthemanagedtokeepthatimpossiblevowhemadetohimselfasachilD.WhenPaulwasaboy_____.hehaddecidednevertoleavehishometowntheeconomyofUtahdependedwhollyonthecoppersmelternolawsweremadetoprotecttheenvironmentagainstpollutionhehaddeterminedtostopthecoppersmelterpollutingtheareaWhydidPaulgotocollegetostudythescienceofplants?Hewantedtofindoutthebestwaytosavetheareahimself.Hewasinterestedinplantingtreessincehewasyoung.Hewantedtogetmoreknowledgeablepeopletohelphim.HethoughthisknowledgewouldmakehisadvicemorepersuasivE.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasetheplaincommonsenseprobablyreferto?ThatitwasimpossiblefortreestogrowonthewastelanD.ThathisnormalworkandlifewouldbegreatlyaffecteD.Thatnoonewouldliketojoinhimintheefforts.Thathehadtokeepeverythinghedidsecret.Themessageofthepassageisthat_____.actionspeakslouderthanwordsperseverance持之以恒willworkwondersGodhelpsthosewhohelpthemselvesmanyhandsmakelightwork

Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Welldesignedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward别扭的handpositions.Theywillallowtheworkertokeeptheelbows肘nexttothebodytopreventdamagetotheshoulderandarm.Overuseinjuriescanthereforebepreventedorreducediftheemployerprovidesandworkersuse:●powertoolsratherthanhavingtousemuscle肌肉power●toolswithspeciallydesignedhandlesthatallowthewrist手腕tokeepstraightSeeFigure1.Thismeansthathandsandwristsarekeptinthesamepositionastheywouldbeiftheywerehangingrelaxedataperson’ssideFigurel.Bendthetoolnotthewrist●toolswithhandlesthatcanbeheldcomfortablybythewholehanD.ThismeanshavingaselectionofsizesrememberthattoolsthatprovideacomfortablefirmholdforapersonwithaverylargehandmaybeawkwardforsomeonewithaverysmallhanD.Thisisaparticularlyimportantconsiderationforwomenwhomayusetoolsoriginallydesignedformen.●toolsthatdonotpressfingersorfleshbetweenthehandlesandwhosehandlesdonothavesharpedgesorasmallsurfaceareA.60.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.GoodToolDesignforWomen.B.ImportanceofGoodToolDesign.C.ToolDesignandPreventionofInjuries.D.OveruseofToolsandWorkerProtection.61.Whichofthefollowingdescribesawell-designedtool?A.It’skeptclosetothebody.B.Itfullyusesmusclepower.C.ItmakesusersfeelrelaxedD.It’soperatedwithlessforcE.62.WhatisFigure1usedtoshow?A.Theeffectiveuseofthetool.B.Thewayofoperatingthetool.C.TheproperdesignofthehandlE.D.Thepurposeofbendingthewrist.63.Inchoosingtoolsforwomen_________ofthehandleisthemostimportant.A.thesizeB.theedgeC.theshapeD.theposition

Wormsantisandflowersliveinsoil.Fishcrabsandseaweedsliveinoceans.Birdsinsectsandmossliveintrees.soiloceansandtreesarehabitats一placeswhereanimalsandplantslive.Besidesofferingfoodandshelterhabitatsallowforgrowthandreproduction.Humanshoweverhavedestroyedmanyhabitats.Wechangeforestsintoparkinglots.Weturngrasslandsintoneighborhoods.Weturnbeachlandintoresorts.Weturn0ceansintochemicaldumps.Someplantsandanimalsadaptandsurvive.Othershoweverdie.Thechangesaretoomuchtoofast.Sometimesthedeathratebecomesgreaterthanthebirthrate.thentheextinctionoccurs.AnexampleofthishappenedonFlorida'seastcoastthehabitatoftheduskyseasidesparrow.ThishabitatchangedsuddenlyaslandwasdevelopeD.Andthesparrowswerenotabletoadapt.Moresparrowsdiedthanwereborn.In1987theduskyseasidesparrowbecameextinct.Noneexistintheworldtoday.Fortunatelyconservationeffortsareunderway.Manystateshavesetasidelandfornaturepreserves.Hereplantsandanimalsliveintheirnaturalhabitats.Somestateshavecreatedman-madehabitats.Artificialreefsforexamplehavebeenputinoceanwaters.Theartificialreefsarehabitatsforhundredsoffishandothermarinelife.In1970thefederalgovernmentpassedalawtoprotecthabitats.'Ibis～thattheeffortsofdevelopmentmustbestudied.Ahighwaydamorpowerplantmaynotbebuiltifplantsandanimalsendangered.Weweretoolatetosavetheduskysparrow.Hopefullyhowevertheseneweffortswillsaveotherplantsandanimals.63.Thispassageisconcernedwith＿.A.federallawsB.theduskyseasidesparrowC.habitatprotectionD.artificialreefs64.TheworstthatcanhappenwhenhabitatsaredestroyedisthatplantsandanimalsA.liveintheirnaturalhabitatsB.becomeextinctC.adaptandsurviveD.movetonewhabitats65.Theauthor’sfeelingaboutconservationeffortsisoneof＿.A.surpriseB.disrespectC.hopeD.enthusiasm66.Theauthorexplainstheeffectsofhabitatdestructionbypresentinga＿.A.real-lifeexampleB.personalnarrativeC.scientificstudyD.made-unstory

Didyouknowthatwomen’sbrainsaresmallerthanmen’s?Theaveragewomen’sbrainweighs10%lessthanmen’s.Sinceresearchhasshownthatthebiggerthebrainthecleverertheanimalmenmustbemoreintelligent聪明的thanwomen.Right?Wrong.MenandwomenalwaysscoresimilarlyonintelligencetestsdespitethedifferenceinbrainsizE.Why?Afteryearsofstudyresearchershaveconcludedthatit’swhat’sinsidethatmattersnotjustthesizeofthebrain.ThebrainconsistsofgreymatterandIthasbeensuggestedthatsmallerbrainappearstoworkfasterperhapsbecausethetwosidesofthebrainarebetterconnectedinwomen.ThismeansthatlittlegirlstendtolearntospeakearlierandthatwomencanunderstandsortsofinformationfromdifferentsourcesatthesametimE.Whenitcomestotalkingtothebossonthephonecookingdinnerandkeepinganeyeonthebabyallatthesametimeit’swomenwhocomeoutontopeverytimE.Thereareotherimportantdifferencesbetweentwosexes.Aswhitematteristhekeytospatial空间的tasksmenknowbetterwherethingsareinrelationtootherthings.Agreatfootballeralwaysknowswhereheisinrelationtotheotherplayersandheknowswheretogosaysoneresearcher.Thatmayexplainoneoflife’sgreatmysteries:whymenrefusetoaskfordirectionsandwomenoftenneedto!Thedifferencesbeginwhenfetuses胎儿areaboutmineweeksoldwhichcanbeseenintheactionofchildrenadyoungasonE.A.boywouldtrytoclimbabarrier障碍物beforehimorpushitdownwhileagirlwouldattracthelpfromothers.Thesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefactthatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskillswhilemorewomenspeechskills.Itmayallgobacktoourancestors祖先amongwhomwomenneededspeechskillstotakecareoftheirbabiesandmenneededspatialskillstohuntaccordingtooneresearch.Ifallthisdisappointsyouitshouldn’t.Thebrainchangesthroughoutourlivesaccordingtowhatwedowithit.saysabiologist.57.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Women’sbrainis10%lessthanmen’sB.Greymatterplaysthesameroleaswhitematter.C.Greymattercontrolsthinkinginthebrain.D.Bothsexeshavethesameamountofwhitematter.58.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondandthirdparagraphs?A.WomenpreferdoingmanythingsatatimE.B.MendobetterdealingwithonejobatatimE.C.Womendonotneedtotelldirections.D.Menhaveweakerspatialabilities.59.Whichofthefollowingdoyouagreewithaccordingtothefourthparagraph?A.Youngboysmaybestrongerthanyounggirls.B.MorewomentakeupjobsrequiringspeechskillsC.Womenmayhavestrongerfeelingsthanmen.D.Ourancestorsneededmorespatialskills.60.Whatisthewriter’sattitudeinwritingthispassageA.DefensivE.B.PersuasivE.C.SupportivE.D.ObjectivE.

Weallknowthatwhenleavesfalltothegroundtheydieandbecomefoodforworms.Whenwormspasstheleavestheirwastecanhelptomakethesoilrichfromwhichtheplantsusetogettheirnutrition.Theplantsgrowandprovidefoodforanimals.Whentheanimalseattheplantstheirwastegoesbackintothesoil.It’saperfectcyclE.ButattheElephantConservationCentreinLampangNorthernThailandtheyareusingelephantwasteforsomethingmore―tomake100%naturalbeautifulcolorfulpaperproducts!100yearsagoover100000elephantsinThailandworkedonfarmsbuildingsitesandeveninthearmy.Howeveronly6000remaintheretodaybecauseofadvancesintechnologythathavemadeelephants’oldwordlessnecessary.Elephantsaredoingnewjobsnowincludingentertainingtouristsbypaintingandplayingfootballandnowbyhelpinginthepapermakingindustry.AndtheirkeeperscalledMahoutscanearnalivingfortheirfamiliesandhelptheirelephantsbyusingelephantwastealsocalleddungtomakebeautifulnaturalpaperproductswithoutanybadsmell.Everydayanadultelephanteatsabout200kgofplantslikebamboograssandwatermelonseeds.Hisbodysystembreakstheplantsinto50kgoffiberswhichcanproduce115sheetsoffibrouspaper.Thefirststeptomakethisspecialnaturalpaperistocollectthefiberrichdungfromtheelephant.ThenextstepistowashitandboilitforfivehourstokillbacteriA.ThewatertheuseinthisprocessisreusedtowaterplansattheCentrewhichinturnfeedtheelephants.Afterit’sboiledtheycutfibersup.Duringthecuttingprocesstheyaddinthedesiredcolorofthepaper.Forthefourthsteptheytakethemixtureandmakeballsof300g.Eachballisthenspeedslightlyoverbambooframestodryintoonelargesheetofpaper.AfterafewhoursinthesunthesheetsaredryenoughtoremovE.Theresultisawonderful100%naturalrecycledpaper.Peoplearoundtheworldaregettinginterestedinbuyingthisspecialelephantpaperfortheirholidaycardswritingpaperandmuchmorebecauseit’sbeautifulnaturalandhelpssomany.60.WhyaretherefewelephantsinThailandtodaythanbefore?A.Becausetheydon’thaveenoughfooD.B.Becausetheywerekilledinthewar.C.Becausetheytechnologydevelopsveryfast.D.BecausetheyMahoutsdon’twanttokeepthem.61.Whatisthefamousproductmentionedinthepassage?A.Paper.B.Dung.C.Fibers.D.Bambooframes.62.Whataretheexactwordstodescribethewholeprocessoftheproduct?A.CommoninterestingandinexpensivE.B.Unusualamazingandperfect.C.Impossiblespecialbutnecessary.D.Naturalwonderfulandcommon.

Everyyearmorepeoplerecognizethatitiswrongtokillwildlifeforsport.Progressinthisdirectionisslowbecauseshootingisnotasportforwatchingandonlythosefewwhotakepartrealizethecrueltyanddestruction.Thenumberofgunnershowevergrowsrapidly.Childrentooyoungtodevelopproperjudgmentsthroughindependentthoughtareledalongwayawaybytheirgunningparents.Theyaresubjectedtoadvertisementsofgunproducerswhodescribeshootingasgoodfortheirhealthandguncarryingasawayofputtingredderbloodintheveins血管.Theyarepersuadedbygunnermagazineswithstorieshonoringthechaseandthekill.Inschooltheyviewmotionpictureswhicharesupposedlymeanttoteachthemhowtodealwitharmssafelybutwhichareactuallydesignedtostimulate刺激adesiretoownagun.Wildlifeisdisappearingbecauseofshootingandbecauseofthelossofwildlandhabitat栖息地.Habitatlosswillcontinuewithourincreasingpopulationbutcanweslowthelossofwildlifecausedbyshooting?Theredoesn'tseemtobeanychanceiftheseriousconditionofourbirdsisnotimproveD.WildlifebelongstoeveryoneandnottothegunnersalonE.Althoughmostpeopledonotshoottheyseemtoforgiveshootingforsportbecausetheyknowlittleornothingaboutit.TheonlyanswerthenistobringthetruthaboutsportshootingtothegreatmajorityofpeoplE.Nowitistimetorealizethatanimalshavethesamerighttolifeaswedoandthatthereisnothingfairorrightaboutapersonwithagunshootingtheharmlessandbeautifulcreatures.Thegunnersliketodescribewhattheydoascharacter-buildingbutweknowthattowoundananimalandwatchitgothroughtheagonyofdyingcanmakenobodyhappy.Ifastheywouldhaveyoubelievegun-carryingandkillingimprovehuman-characterthenperhapsweshouldencouragewar.72.Accordingtothetextmostpeopledonotseemtobeagainsthuntingbecause___________.A.theyhavelittleknowledgeofitB.ithelpstobuildhumancharacterC.itistoocostlytostopkillingwildlifeD.theywanttokeepwildlifeundercontrol73.Theunderlinedwordagonyinthelastparagraphprobablymeans______________.A.formB.ConditionC.painD.sadness74.Accordingtothetextthefilmschildrenwatchatschoolactually__________.A.teachthemhowtodealwithgunssafelyB.praisehuntingascharacter-buildingC.describehuntingasanexerciseD.encouragethemtohavegunsoftheirown75.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheauthorseemsto_____________.A.blamethemajorityofpeopleB.worryabouttheexistenceofwildlifeC.beinfavourofwarD.beinsupportofcharacter-building

Mostearthquakesoccurwithintheupper15milesoftheearth’ssurfacE.Butearthquakescananddooccuratalldepthstoabout460miles.Theirnumberdecreasesasthedepthincreases.Atabout460milesoneearthquakeoccursonlyeveryfewyears.Nearthesurfaceearthquakesmayrunashighas100inamonthbuttheyearlyaveragedoesnotvarymuch.Incomparisonwiththetotalnumberofearthquakeseachyearthenumberofdisastrousearthquakesisverysmall.[JP]Theextentofthedisasterinanearthquakedependsonmanyfactors.IfyoucarefullybuildatoyhousewithanerectsetitwillstillstandnomatterhowmuchyoushakethetablE.Butifyoubuildatoyhousewithapackofcardsaslightshakeofthetablewillmakeitfall.AnearthquakeinAgadirMoroccowasnotstrongenoughtoberecordedondistantinstrumentsbutitcompletelydestroyedthecity.ManystrongerearthquakeshavedonecomparativelylittledamagE.IfabuildingiswellconstructedandbuiltonsolidgrounditwillresistanearthquakE.Mostdeathsinearthquakeshavebeenduetofaultybuildingconstructionorpoorbuildingsites.A.thirdandveryseriousfactorispaniC.Whenpeoplerushoutintonarrowstreetsmoredeathswillresult.TheUnitedNationshasplayedanimportantpartinreducingthedamagedonebyearthquakes.Ithassentateamofexpertstoallcountriesknowntobeaffectedbyearthquakes.WorkingwithlocalgeologistsandengineerstheexpertshavestudiedthenatureofthegroundandthetypeofmostpracticalbuildingcodeforthelocalareA.Iffollowedthesesuggestionswillmakedisastrousearthquakesalmostathingofthepast.Thereisonetypeofearthquakedisasterthatlittlecanbedoneabout.Thisisthedisastercausedbyseismicseawavesortsunamis.Theseareoftencalledtidalwavesbutthenameisincorrect.Theyhavenothingtodowithtides.IncertainareasearthquakestakeplacebeneaththeseA.Thesesubmarineearthquakessometimesgiverisetoseismicseawaves.Thewavesarenotnoticeableoutatseabecauseoftheirlongwavelength.Butwhentheyrollintoharborstheypileupintowallsofwater6to60feethigh.TheJapanesecallthemtsunamismeaningharborwavesbecausetheyreachasizableheightonlyinharbors.Tsunamistravelfairlyslowlyatspeedsupto500milesanhour.Anadequatewarningsystemisinusetowarnallshoreslikelytobereachedbythewaves.ButthisonlyenablespeopletoleavethethreatenedshoresforhighergrounD.ThereisnowaytostoptheoncomingwavE.65.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeconcludedfromthepassage?A.Thenumberofearthquakesiscloselyrelatedtodepth.B.Roughlythesamenumberofearthquakesoccureachyear.C.Earthquakesareimpossibleatdepthsover460miles.D.Earthquakesaremostlikelytooccurnearthesurfaces.66.ThedestructionofAgadirisanexampleof_____.A.faultybuildingconstructionB.anearthquake’sstrengthC.widespreadpanicinearthquakesD.ineffectiveinstruments67.TheUnitedNations’expertsaresupposedto_____.A.constructstrongbuildingsB.putforwardproposalsC.detectdisastrousearthquakesD.monitorearthquakes68.Thesignificanceoftheslowspeedoftsunamisisthatpeoplemay_____.A.noticethemoutatseaB.findwaystostopthemC.bewarnedearlyenoughD.developwarningsystems

NOTallmemoriesaresweet.Somepeoplespendalltheirlivestryingtoforgetbadexperiences.Violenceandtrafficaccidentscanleavepeoplewithterriblephysicalandemotionalscars.Oftentheyrelivetheseexperiencesinnightmares.NowAmericanresearchersthinktheyareclosetodevelopingapillwhichwillhelppeopleforgetbadmemories.ThepillisdesignedtobetakenimmediatelyafterafrighteningexperiencE.Theyhopeitmightreduceorpossiblyerase抹去theeffectofpainfulmemories.InNovemberexpertstestedadrugonpeopleintheUSandFrance.Thedrugstopsthebodyreleasingchemicalsthatfixmemoriesinthebrain.SofartheresearchhassuggestedthatonlytheemotionaleffectsofmemoriesmaybereducednotthatthememoriesareeraseD.Theresearchhascausedagreatdealofargument.Somethinkitisabadideawhileotherssupportit.Supporterssayitcouldleadtopillsthatpreventortreatsoldiers’troublingmemoriesafterwar.Theysaythattherearemanypeoplewhosufferfromterriblememories.Somememoriescanruinpeople’slives.Theycomebacktoyouwhenyoudon’twanttohavetheminadaydreamornightmarE.TheyusuallycomewithverypainfulemotionssaidRogerPitmanaprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool.:Thiscouldrelievealotofthatsuffering.Butthosewhoareagainsttheresearchsaythatchangingmemoriesisverydangerousbecausememoriesgiveusouridentity特质.Theyalsohelpusallavoidthemistakesofthepast.AllofuscanthinkofbadeventsinourlivesthatwerehorribleatthetimebutmakeuswhowearE.I’mnotsurewewanttowipethosememoriesoutsaidRebeccaDresseramedicalethicist53.Thepassageismainlyabout.A.anewmedicalinventionB.anewresearchonthepillC.awayoferasingpainfulmemoriesD.anargumentabouttheresearchonthepill54.Thedrugtestedonpeoplecan.A.causethebraintofixmemoriesB.stoppeoplerememberingbadexperiencesC.preventbodyproducingcertainchemicalsD.wipeouttheemotionaleffectsofmemories55.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.A.peopledoubttheeffectsofthepillsB.thepillwillstoppeople’sbadexperiencesC.takingthepillwilldoharmtopeople’shealthD.thepillhasprobablybeenproducedinAmerica56.WhichofthefollowingdoesRebeccaDresseragreewith?A.Somememoriescanruinpeople’slives.B.Peoplewanttogetridofbadmemories.C.Experiencingbadeventsmakesusdifferentfromothers.D.Thepillwillreducepeople’ssufferingsfrombadmemories.

You’resittingonthetrainhomeandthepersonoppositeyouyawns打哈欠.Suddenlyyou’reyawningwithhimthoughyou’renottireD.Thisphenomenonconfusedscientistsforyearsuntilarecentstudyfoundthatpeopletendtosympathizewithfellowhumans.Supportingthisclaimwasthediscoverythatthosechildrenwhowereunabletoformnormalemotionaltieswithothersdidnotexperiencecontagious有感染力的yawningwhichshowedthathumanscommunicateregularlywithoutwords.HugoCritchleyaneuroscientisthasconductedanexperimentrecentlywhichwillprovethathappinessandsadnesscanspreadlikethecommoncolD.AccordingtoCritechleyourmindandbodyareinconstantexchangeabouthowwe’refeeling.Emotionsarecloselylinkedwithstatesofinternal内部的responsesheexplaineD.Therearealsomorevisiblechangesinourgesturesandfacialexpression.Whenwe’reinagroupthesesignalscanspreadtoanotherperson.Forexamplethere’stheobvioustendencytosmilewhensmiledatandtherearelessobviouschangesthatreflectemotionsofsurpriseangerorsadnesssuchasachangeinourheartrateandbloodpressurE.HugoCritchleyfurtherexplainedOurbodiessynchroniesandwhenweliketheotherpersonweevercopyhisbehavior.Nexttimeyouchatwithafriendtakenotefohowyou’resitting―it’sprettylikelythatyouwillbethesamE.Scientistsbelieveit’sourwayoftellingeachotherthatwe’repartners.Throughbodylanguagehumansgiveeachotherverysubtle微妙的butclearsignalsthatshowemotions.Sowhatlessonscanwelearnfromthis?Spendtimewithhappypeople―otherwiseyourhealthcouldsuffersaidCritchley.Whenwe’resadourbodygoesintofightorflightmodE.Butwhenwe’rehappyourbodyworksnormallyandwefeelrelaxedandpositivE.Sowelookbrightourskinglowswefeelhealthyanditaffectseveryonearoundus.65.AccordingtoHugoCritchley________.A.emotionsareasvisibleasfacialexpressionsB.weyawnmorefrequentlywhenwehaveacoldC.emotionsareconnectedwithstatesofinternalresponsesD.thechangeofbloodpressureisnotlinkedwiththechangeofemotions.66.TheunderlinedwordsynchroniesinParagraph4means_____.A.moveslowlyB.changerapidlyC.relaxtemporarilyD.respondaccordingly67.Fromthepassagewecanlearn________.A.sadnessisascontagiousashappinessB.angerislesscontagiousthanfriendlinessC.surpriseismorecontagiousthansmileD.surpriseisthemostcontagiousamongemotions68.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Emotionshavedelicateinfluenceonfellowhumans.B.Childrenlikecopyingtheactionsoffellowhumans.D.PeopletendtocommunicatemorewithbodylanguagE.

TopreventthedesertscomingnearChinahasplantedbillionsoftrees---toreplacedestroyedforestsandasbarriersagainstthesanD.Thisisn’tacurethoughsayexpertsasthirstytreescanmaketheproblemworsebytakingingroundwater.Plantingtressisonewaybutitisn’tthatsimplE.Itdoesn’tsolvethebasicissueofwaterresourcessaysWuBoaprofessor.Weneedtocalculatehowmuchwaterthetreeswillabsorborelseitcouldhaveanegativeeffect.VillagersinZhengxinhavetakenonthischallengewithlimitedsuccess.WhentheirrigationchannelsbegantorundryLuXianglinswitchedfromwheattocottononhislanD.Healsoplantedtreestoprotecthisfieldsfromsandstorms.Hesayshestillgetsgoodyieldsusingfloodirrigationandearnsagoodincomeforhisfamily.Otherfarmershaven’tstuckitout:AboutoneinthreehaveleftZhengxininthepast10yearsaftertheirwheatcropsdieD.Youngpeoplewhocanfindjobsinthetownsrarelyreturn.LastweekMrLujoinedtheothermeninhisvillageonagovernment-arrangedtriptoseethelandthathasbeensetasidefortheirrelocationnearly40milestothesouth.Thenextdayhewasbackshakinghisheadattheplan.Theideaofuprootinghisfamilytroubleshimasdoestheideaofgivingupthelandthatfedhisforefathers.Hepreferstostayandkeepupthefight.WithenoughwaterthisproblemcanbesolvedLusays.Wecanplanttreesandgrassandtheywillgrowbigger.Thatwillstopthedesert.Expertssaythatfarmerscouldswitchtodripirrigationtolessentheirwaterintakeforgrowingcrops.Elsewhereintheregionfarmershavebuiltbrickgreenhousesaspartofaplantogrowvegetablesusinglesswater.RoadsidesignsurgefarmerstoSaveWaterProtecttheEnvironment.49.Thenegativeeffectofplantingtreesindesertsisthat__________.A.itcanmakegroundwaterbecomelessB.itcanpreventthesandmovingfreelyC.itcanstopcropsgrowingwellD.itcangetthesoiltobecomepoor50.WhydidMrLuNOTaccepttheideaofrelocation?A.Becausetheplanofrelocationwillcosthimmuchmoney.B.Becausehisfamilyhadtroublemovingaway.C.BecausehewasreluctanttogiveuphislanD.D.Becausehewouldratherstaythanfightagainstthedeserts.51.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Thedesertsdrivemoreandmorepeopletoleavetheirhomesfortheirlives.BPeoplehavenomeanstofightagainstthelandbecomingdesertC.Wateristhebiggestbarrierforpeopletostopthedesert.D.Plantingtreescannotsolvetheproblemofdesertificationoffarmland52.Whatadviceisgivenbyexpertstosavewater?A.ToplantmoretreesB.TobuildgreenhousesC.TochangecropsD.Tousedripirrigation.

Todayabout70countriesuseDaylightSavingTimeDST.DaylightSavingwasfirstintroducedduringWorldWarIinAustralia.DuringtheworldwarsDSTwasusedforthelatesummersbeginningJanuary1917and1942andthefullsummersbeginningSeptember1942and1943.In1967Tasmaniaexperiencedadrought干旱.TheStateGovernmentintroducedonehourofdaylightsavingthatsummerasawayofsavingpowerandwater.TasmanianslikedtheideaofdaylightsavingandtheTasmanianGovernmenthasdeclareddaylightsavingeachsummersince1968.PersuadedbytheTasmanianGovernmentallstatesexcepttwopassedalawin1971foratestuseofdaylightsaving.In1972NewSouthWalesSouthAustraliaandVictoriajoinedTasmaniaforregulardaylightsavingbutQueenslanddidnotdosountil1989.TasmaniaQueenslandandSouthAustraliahavehadirregularplansoftenchangingtheirdatesduetopoliticsorfestivals节日.Forexamplein1992Tasmaniaextended延长daylightsavingbyanextramonthwhileSouthAustraliabeganextendingdaylightsavingbytwoweeksfortheAdelaideFestival.SpecialdaylightsavingplansweremadeduringtheSydney2000OlympicGames.ThedifferencesindaylightsavinginAustraliacontinuetocauseseriousproblemsintransportandmanyothersocialactivities.Italsoreducesthenumberofhoursintheworkingdaythatarecommontoallcentersinthecountry.Inparticulartimedifferencesalongtheeastcoastcausemajordifferencesespeciallyforthebroadcastersofnationalradioandtelevision.72.DaylightSavingTimewasintroducedinTasmania_______________.A.tostopthedroughtin1967B.tosupportgovernmentofficialsC.topassaspeciallawinthestateD.tosavewaterandelectricity73.AccordingtothetextwhichstatewasthelasttouseDST?A.VictoriA.B.QueenslanD.C.SouthAustralia.D.NewSouthWales.74.WhatcanwelearnaboutDSTinsomeAustralianstates?A.Itdoesn’thavefixeddates.B.Itisnotusedinfestivals.C.Itsplanwaschangedin2000.D.Itlastsfortwoweeks.75.WhatdoweknowabouttheuseofDSTfromthelastparagraph?A.Thereexistsomeundesirableeffects.B.Ithelpslittletosaveenergy.C.Itbringsaboutlongerworkingdays.D.RadioandTVprogramsbecomedifferent.

Climatechangepollutionoveruseofwateranddevelopmentarekillingsomeoftheworld’smostfamousriversincludingChina’sYangtzE.India’sGangesandAfrica’sNilE.WWFsaidonTuesday.AtthegloballaunchofitsreportWorld’sTop10RiversatRiskthegroupsaidmanyriverscoulddryout.affectinghundredsofmillionsofpeopleandkillinguniqueaquatic水生的lifE.Iftheseriversdiemillionswilllosetheirlivelihoodsbiodiversity生物多样性willbedestroyedonamassivescaletherewillbelessfreshwaterandagricultureresultinginlessfoodsecuritysaiD.RayiSinghsecretary—generalofWWF—IndiA.ThereportlaunchedaheadofWorldWaterDaytodayalsocitedtheRioGrandein.theUnitedStatestheMekongandIndusinAsiaEurope’sDanubeLaPlatainSouthAmericaandAustralia’sMurray—Darlingasinneedofgreaterprotection.Riversaretheworld’smainsourceoffreshwaterandWWFsaysabouthalfoftheavailablesupplyisalreadybeingusedup.Damshavedestroyedhabitatsandcutriversofffromtheirfloodplains.whileclimatechangecouldaffecttheseasonalwaterflowsthatfeedthemthereportsaiD.FishpopulationsthetopsourceofproteinandoveralllifesupportforhundredsofthousandsofcommunitiesworldwidearealsobeingthreateneditfounD.TheYangtzebasinisoneofthemostpollutedriversintheworldbecauseofdecadesofheavyindustrializationdammingandhugeinfluxes流入ofseaiment积淀fromlandconversion.ClimatechangeincludinghighertemperaturesalsomeansseriousconsequencesforfisheryproductivitywatersupplyandpoliticalsecurityinAfrica’saridNilebasin.Tributaries支流flowingintotheGangesaredryingupbecauseofirrigationWWFsaiD.Whatdoesthetextmainlyabout?A.SavingfreshwaterinourlifE.B.Howtoprotectourrivers.C.Animportantdiscovery.D.World’stop10riversareatrisk.Wecaninferfromthetextthat_____.A.rivers’dyingoutcouldaffectfoodsecurityB.therearefourAsianriversmentionedinthepassageC.theYangtzeispollutedthankstothelackofenoughtributariesD.highertemperaturescouldn’taffectfisheryproductivityWWFisprobablyanameof_____.A.anorganizationB.anewspaperC.amagazineD.areport

Mostrainforestslieclosetotheequator赤道wheretheclimateisoftenmildandtherearelonghoursofsunshinE.Thewarmthofthelandheatstheairabovecausingittoriseandtinydropsofwatertofallasrain.Therainfallcanreachatleast98inchesayear.ThiswetwarmworldwithplentyofsunlightisperfectforplantstogrowsothetreesgrowfastwithgreenleavesalltheyearrounD.ThetreesthemselvesalsohaveaneffectontheclimatE.Theygatherwaterfromthesoilandpassitoutintotheairthroughtheirleaves.ThewetairthenformscloudswhichhangoverthetreetopslikesmokE.Thesecloudsprotecttheforestfromthedaytimeheatandnight-timecoldofnearbydesertskeepingtemperaturesfitforplantgrowth.Rainforestsslightlyfartherawayfromtheequatorremainjustaswarmbuttheyhaveadryseasonofthreemonthsormorewhenlittlerainfalls.Treeleavesfallduringthisdryseasonandnewleavesgrowwhenthewetseasonormonsoon雨季begins.Thustheseareasareknownasthemonsoonforest.Anothertypeofrainforestgrowsontropicalmountains.Itisoftencalledthecloudforestbecausecloudsoftenhangoverthetreeslikefog.Therainforestistheidealplaceforthegrowthofmanydifferenttrees.Mostofthemdependonanimalstoeattheirfruitsandspreadtheirseeds.Whenthefruitsareeatentheseedsinsidethemgoundamagedthroughanimals’stomachsandarepassedoutintheirdroppings.Theseedslyingontheforestfloorthengrowintonewtrees.Theclimateoftherainforestsneartheequatoris_______.A.mildwetandwindyB.hotrainyandfoggyC.hotwetandcloudyD.warmwetandsunnyWecanlearnfromthepassagethat_______.A.treeleavesaregreenallthetimeinthemonsoonforestB.thereisadryseasoninthecloudforestontropicalmountainsC.cloudshelptheplantsintherainforestnearthedesertstogrowD.theformationofclimateintherainforesthaslittletodowiththetreesAccordingtothepassage_______playthemostimportantroleinthespreadingofseeds.A.animalsB.droppingsC.fruitsD.windsThispassageismostlikelytobefoundin_______.A.atravelguideB.astorybookC.atechnicalreportD.ageographybook

ThefirstMP4playerwasbornyearsago.Soonmanymusicfanswerewonderinghowfantasticitis!IfyouhavebeenintotechnologyenoughperhapsyoumayhaveaknowledgeoftheMP4.IfnotyoudoneedtoknowsomethingbeforebuyingoneevenifyouarefamiliarwithMP3.MP3istheCD-likediscwithgreatercapacity.HowaboutMP4?ThissmalldigitalproductwillreallyenrichthejoyfromlisteningtomusiC.Youcanevenfeelthetouchofmusictoyoursoul!NowsomesimilardigitalproductsadvertisedasMP4playersaresimplyMP3playerswhichdonotplayvideoandMPEGformat格式andalsolackotherparticularfunctions.TheseproductsconfusesomebuyersastheymaythinktheMP4playerssimplymeantheycandomorethanMP3.WhatisMP4?!Itisamultimediacontainer.Itisnotonlyusedtostoredigitalaudio音频anddigitalvideostreamsespeciallythoseofMPEGbutcanalsobeusedtostoreotherdatasuchassubtitles字幕andpictures.AsamostmoderncontainerformatitallowsstreamingovertheInternet.WiththehelpofapieceofMP4videoequipmentyoucanchangevariousprogramssuchasMPEGtoMP4ASXtoMP4AVItoMP4andsoonwhichcanbedoneveryquicklyandeasilywithoutanyeffectonthesoundquality.Byinstalling安装DVD-MP4softwareyoucantransferparticularmusicfromaDVDtoanMP4videofilE.ItreallyexcitesyourlisteningmusicexperiencE.ThenthereisMP4advancedandyoucansetyourowncollectionofalltheprograms―TVshowsgamesandmusiC.Youcanevenseemovieswhicharestillrunningincinemas.Whatelsedigitalproductcouldyoupossiblyaskfor?57.Itissuggestedherethatyoushould________beforebuyinganMP4playerA.firstbeamusicfanB.haveaknowledgeofMP4C.getfamiliarwithMP3D.buyaCD-likedisc58.FromthepassagewecanseethatMP4is________MP3.A.muchbiggerthanB.justasadvancedasC.notsoparticularasD.morefunctionalthan59.WhichfunctionofMP4isNOTdirectlymentionedinthispassage?A.Storingdigitalaudioandvideostreams.B.Recordingsomemoviesincinemas.C.PlayingTVshowsgamesandmovies.D.TransferringparticularmusicfromaDVD.60.Fromthelastsentenceit’sclearthatthewritertriestotellusitis_______.A.reasonabletobuyotherdigitalproductsB.impossibletobuysomethingelseC.averywisechoicetobuyanMP4D.anexcitingexperiencetobuyanMP3

Anaspirinadaykeepsthedoctoraway.Aspirinhaslongbeenpraisedasawonderdrugandhasbeeninyourfamilysinceyoucanremember.Notonlydoesitcurepainitalsolowerstheriskofheartattackandstroke中风.ButtakingthepillsdailymaynotworkforeveryonE.Althoughtakinganoccasionalaspirinortwoissafeformostadultstouseforheadachesbodyachesorfeverdailyuseofaspirincanhaveserioussideeffects.Upto60percentofusbothhealthypeopleandthosebeingtreatedforalltypesofheartdiseasemayhavesomelevelofresistancetoaspirin'sbenefits.Aspirinkeepsplatelets血小板fromstickingloweringtheriskofclotting结块.Peoplewhoareaspirin-resistantstillgetpainreliefbutnotthefullblood-thinningeffects.Howdoyouknowwhetheryou'reresistant?Newbloodtestscanhelpyourdoctordecidewhethertogiveyouadifferentmedicineespeciallyifyou'reatriskorarebeingtreatedforheartdiseasE.Thetestsaren'tyetwidelyavailablebutitdoesn'thurttoask.Peopletakingaspirindailyshouldlimittheamountofalcoholtheydrinkbecauseofitsadditionalblood-thinningeffectsandpotentialtoupsetyourstomach.Thusyoushouldnothavemorethanonedrinkifyou'reawomanortwodr/nksadayifyou'reaman.Doesdailyaspirintreatmentdifferbetweenmenandwomen?Recentstudieshavefocusedontheeffectsofaspirininwomenfindingthatitseffectsdifferbetweenthesexesandforwomenbetweenagegroups.AllinallaspirinisstillaneffectiveaffordableandsimpleoptionformanypeopleatriskofheartattackandstrokE.Thoughitisreadilyavailablealwayscheckwithyourdoctorbeforestartingdailyaspirintreatment.66.Aspirinhasgotthereputationofawonderdrugbecause__A.anaspirinadaykeepsthedoctorawayB.itcanmakepeoplefeellesspainfulC.ithelpstopreventheartattacksandstrokesD.itdoesn'thaveanyserioussideeffects67.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutaspirinisTRUE?A.Aspirindoeshaveblood-thinningeffects.B.Ifyouareresistanttoaspirinyouwon'tfeelpain.C.Peopletakingaspirinwon'tsufferfromheartattacks.D.60percentofpeoplecouldn'tbenefitfromAspirin.68.Whatdoweknowaboutthebloodtestsmentionedinthefourthparagraph?A.Thenewexaminationdoesn'thurtatall.B.Thetestsonlyhelpaspirin-resistantpeoplE.C.Doctorsdotheteststotestnewmedicines.D.Onlysomepeoplehaveevertakenthetests.69.Wecan/camfromthepassagethat__A.drinkingalcoholwillmakepeoplefeeluncomfortableB.drinkingalcoholcouldinfluencethefunctionofaspirinC.alcoholhasmuchgreatereffectsthanaspirinonblood-thinningD.peopleshouldnotdrinkanyalcoholwhiletakingaspirindaily70.Whatdoesthewriterthinkoftakingaspirindaily?A.Peopleshouldbecarefultomakethisdecision.B.ThistreatmentiseffectiveaffordableandsimplE.C.ItcouldbeusedtocureheartattackandstrokE.D.Oldwomenshouldnotstartthiskindoftreatment.

Forhundredsofyearshumanshavedreamedoffindinglifeondistantplanets.NowthehopeofdiscoveringrealevidenceoflifehasgreatlyincreaseD.NASA’SMarsdetector探测器Opportunitysucceededinfindingsignsthatwateronceexistedontheplanet.ScientistsnowbelievethattheplanetcouldoncehavesupportedlifE.ThisdiscoverywaschosenbyScienceoneoftheworld’sleadingmagazinesasthemostimportantscientificachievementof2004lastFriday.Thislittlewheeledone-armedboxwentaroundanotherplanetandhasdonesomethingnohumanhasevermanagedaccordingtoSciencE.IthasdiscoveredanotherplaceintheuniversewherelifecouldoncehaveexisteD.Althoughwestillcan’tsaythatlifecouldhaveexistedinthisenvironmentitisnowcertainthattherewaswateronMarssaidSteveSquyresoneofthescientistsworkingontheMarsmission.TheevidencecomesfrompicturesandchemicalreadingstakenbyOpportunity.ItincludesmarksonrockslikethosecausedbyfollowingwateronEarthandsaltychemicalslikethosefoundindried-outsea-beds.ScientistssaidthenewevidenceprovedbeyonddoubtthatwaterhasexistedonMars.ButitisstillunknownwhetherthewaterwaslikeanoceanorjusticE.WhileOpportunityhasnotfoundanysignsoflifethepresenceofwatermeanslifeispossiblE.IneverythingweknowaboutlifeonEarththereisnoexamplewithoutliquidwaterSquyressaiD.SowaterisimportantforthesearchforlifeonMars.Researchersagreethatafuturemission任务shouldbringbackphysicalsamples样品.ButsomescientistsworryabouttheriskthatthiscouldintroducedangerousforeigncreaturestoEarth.Theproblemhereishowtogetthesamplesback.SquyresreplieD.Ithinkitisourresponsibilitytolimitanyrisk.61.WhatprovedthatwaterexistedonMars?A.Thephysicalsampleswithsaltychemicals.B.Scientificachievementsof2004.C.Themarksonrocksandsaltychemicals.D.CreaturesfromMars.62.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A.ItisnowcertainthattherewaswateronMars.B.ThewateronMarswaslikeanocean.C.EvidenceoflifeonMarshasbeenfounD.D.SearchforlifeonMarsisagreatrisktohumans.63.HowdidscientistsdrawtheconclusionthattherewaswateronMars?A.Theworld’sleadingmagazinehasannouncedthefact.B.ScientistshavetakenmanypicturesandchemicalreadingsontheMars.C.AstronautshavegotsomerocksfromMars.D.ScientistshavemadeastudyofthepicturesandreadingssentbackbyMarsdetector.64.ItcanbeinferredthatifthecreaturesfromMarscametoearth.A.theywouldbekindtohumansB.theywouldbecrueltohumansC.theywouldbeagreatdangertoEarthD.itwouldbehardtosaywhetheritwouldbegoodnewsorbadnews

阅读下面短文请根据短文后的要求进行答题请注意问题后的字数要求SurgeonsinSpainhavesuccessfullycarriedouttheworld’sfirstorgantransplant移植usingnewstemcelltechnology.Somepeoplearecallingitthegreatestmedicalbreakthroughsofarthiscentury.Butwhatarestemcells?Asweknowmostcellsinourbodiesaredesigned―forexamplealivercelldevelopstoworkintheliverandcannotbecomeaheartcell.Butstemcellsaredifferent.Theyareveryyoungandinthelaboratoryscientistscangrowthemintodifferenttypesofcell.ClaudiaCastilloneededanewwindpipe气管aftergettingaseriousdisease.ScientistsfromtheUniversityofBristoltookadonorwindpipefromsomeonewhohadrecentlydied.Theyusedstrongchemicalstoremovethedonor’scellsleavingatissuescaffold组织支架.ThiswasrefilledwithcellsfromMsCastillo’swindpipeandstemcellsfromherbone.AfterfourdaysthecellshadgrownsufficientlyforthewindpipetobetransplantedintoMsCastillo.Currentlytransplantpatientshavetotakedrugsfortherestoftheirlivestopreventtheirbodiesrejectingtheneworgans.Thesedrugscanhavebadside-effectsanddonotalwayspreventrejection.ButbyusingMsCastillo’sowncellsdoctorswereabletotrickherbodyintothinkingthenewwindpipewasherownorgan.FivemonthsonClaudiaCastilloisinperfecthealth.Thisground-breakingprocedurecouldbeusedinothertransplantoperationsinthefuture.ScientistsalsobelievestemcellsmightbeusedtotreatParkinson'sdiseaseheartdiseasestrokearthritisburnsandsoon..Howeverstemcellresearchisextremelycontroversial.Themosteffectivestemcellsdonotcomefromadultsbutfromembryos胚胎createdinlaboratorieswhicharejustafewdaysold.Manypeoplehavereligiousorethicalobjectionstogrowingembryoseveniftheycanbeusedtocurediseases.76.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?Pleaseanswerwithin8words____________________________________________________________________________77.FillintheblankinParagraph2withproperwords.Pleaseanswerwithin8words____________________________________________________________________________78.Whichsentenceinthetextistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?HoweverMsCastillo’sbodymistookthenewwindpipeforherownbecausedoctorsputherowncellsinit.____________________________________________________________________________79.Whatdoyouthinkofthestemcelltransplant?Why?Pleaseanswerwithin30words____________________________________________________________________________80.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph4intoChinesE.____________________________________________________________________________

Formostofhistoryscientistsandmankindingeneralconsideredplantstobepassiveorganismsjustwithnoreasonormeansofcommunicatingwithoneanother.Butnewresearchhasrevealedthatmanyplantsactually‘chat’quiteabitovertheirownnetworkswhichmayalsoindicatethatyourauntisn’tquiteascrazyasyouthought.Youknowtheonethattalkstoherpetunias矮牵牛花andexpectsananswer.Infactmanyplantsforminternal内部的communicationnetworksandareabletoexchangeinformationefficiently.Theseconnectionsenabletheplantstoshareinformationviainternalchannelsinamannerverysimilartocomputernetworks.Sowhatkindofthingsdoplantstelleachother?ResearcherJosefStueferfoundthatonepurposeforplantshavingtheirownchatsystemsistowarneachother.Heandhiscolleagueswerethefirsttoprovethatclover三叶草plantsdoindeedwarneachotherviathesenetworklinksifenemiesarenearby.Forexampleifoneoftheplantsisattackedbycaterpillars毛虫itwillwarntheothermembersofthenetworkviaaninternalsignal.Afterreceivingawarningtheotherplantswillstrengthentheirprotectivechemicalandmechanicalresistancesothattheyarelessattractivetoadvancingcaterpillars.Thisearlywarningsystemallowstheplantstostayonestepaheadoftheirenemies.Experimentalresearchhasrevealedthatthiscommunicationsignificantlylimitsthedamagetotheplants.ItisalsoknownthatplantshavefamilyvalueswithnewresearchrevealingtheyhavetheabilitytorecognizecloserelativesinordertohelpeachothersurvivE.Researchfoundplantsfromthesamespeciesofbeach-dwellingwildflowersforexamplegrewaggressively侵略地alongsideunrelatedneighborsbutwerelesscompetitivewhentheysharedsoilwiththeirsiblings.Someresearchersthinkthatplantsmustcommunicatethroughtheirrootsidentifyingthemselvesusingtinychemicalsignaturesspecifictoeachplant’sfamily.Theresearchshowsthatourcurrentconceptofplantsisprobablyapoorreflectionofreality.Scientistsareeagertodiscoverinwhatwaysandtowhatextentplantscommunicatewitheachother.64.Yourauntismentionedinthefirstparagraphtoindicatethat______.A.plantsareveryimportanttopeopleB.plantshavetheabilitytocommunicateC.peoplecancommunicatewithplantsD.plantsareconsideredtobepassiveorganisms665.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatcloverplantsthatreceiveawarningprotectthemselvesagainstenemies______.A.byfightingenemiestogetherB.byhidingthemselvesfromenemiesC.byattackingenemieswithchemicalsD.bymakingthemselvestasteunpleasant66.TheunderlinedwordsiblingsinParagraph4refersto______.A.unrelatedneighborsB.familyvaluesC.closerelativesD.wildflowers67.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Manyplantsareconnectedbyinternalchannels.B.Differentplantsformacommunicationnetwork.C.PlantstendtolookforinformationtheyneeD.D.Allplantsshareinformationwitheachother.68.Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe______.A.ExistenceintheGreenKingdomB.CompetitionintheGreenKingdomC.CommunicationwithGreenPlantsD.CommunicationoftheGreenKingdom

NexttimeacustomercomestoyourofficeofferhimacupofcoffeE.Andwhenyou’redoingyourholidayshoppingonlinemakesureyou’reholdingalargeglassoficedteA.Thephysicalsensation感觉ofwarmthencouragesemotionalwarmthwhileacolddrinkinhandpreventsyoufrommakingunwisedecisions―thosearethepracticallessonbeingdrawnfromrecentresearchbypsychologistJohnA.Bargh.Psychologistshaveknownthatoneperson’sperception感知ofanother’swarmthisapowerfuldeterminerinsocialrelationships.JudgingsomeonetobeeitherwarmorcoldisaprimaryconsiderationeventrumpingevidencethatacoldpersonmaybemorecapablE.MuchofthisisrootedinveryearlychildhoodexperiencesBarghargueswhenbabies’conceptualsenseoftheworldaroundthemisshapedbyphysicalsensationsparticularlywarmthandcoldness.ClassicstudiesbyHarryHarlowpublishedin1958showedmonkeyspreferredtostayclosetoaclothmotherratherthanonemadeofwireevenwhenthewiremothercarriedafoodbottlE.Harlow’sworkandlaterstudieshaveledpsychologiststostresstheneedforwarmphysicalcontactfromcaregiverstohelpyoungchildrengrowintohealthyadultswithnormalsocialskills.Feelingsofwarmthandcoldnessinsocialjudgmentsappeartobeuniversal.AlthoughnoworldwidestudyhasbeendoneBarghsaysthatdescribingpeopleaswarmorcoldiscommontomanyculturesandstudieshavefoundthoseperceptionsinfluencejudgmentindozensofcountries.TotesttherelationshipbetweenphysicalandpsychologicalwarmthBarghconductedanexperimentwhichinvolved41collegestudents.A.researchassistantwhowasunawareofthestudy’shypotheses假设handedthestudentseitherahotcupofcoffeeoracolddrinktoholdwhiletheresearcherfilledoutashortinformationform:Thedrinkwasthenhandedback.AfterthatthestudentswereaskedtoratethepersonalityofPersonAbasedonaparticulardescription.ThosewhohadbrieflyheldthewarmdrinkregardedPersonA.aswarmerthanthosewhohadheldtheiceddrink.WearegroundedinourphysicalexperiencesevenwhenwethinkabstractlysaysBargh.51.AccordingtoParagraph1aperson’semotionmaybeaffectedby______.A.thevisitorstohisofficeB.thepsychologylessonshehasC.hisphysicalfeelingofcoldnessD.thethingshehasboughtonline52.TheauthormentionsHarlow’sexperimenttoshowthat______.A.adultsshoulddevelopsocialskillsB.babiesneedwarmphysicalcontactC.caregiversshouldbehealthyadultsD.monkeyshavesocialrelationships53.InBargh’sexperimentthestudentswereaskedto______.A.evaluatesomeone’spersonalityB.writedowntheirhypothesesC.filloutapersonalinformationformD.holdcoffeeandcolddrinkalternatively54.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.A.abstractthinkingdoesnotcomefromphysicalexperiencesB.feelingsofwarmthandcoldnessarestudiedworldwideC.physicaltemperatureaffectshowweseeothersD.capablepersonsareoftencoldtoothers55.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.DrinkingforBetterSocialRelationships.B.ExperimentsofPersonalityEvaluation.C.DevelopingBetterDrinkingHabits.D.PhysicalSensationsandEmotions.

USbeesoperationkeepinggroupshavebeenattackedseriouslybysocalledColonyCollapseDisorder蜂群衰竭失调.Almost1/2oftheirworkerbeeshavevanishedduringthepastseason.ThisdisorderhasalsobeenreportedinIsraelEuropeandSouthAmericA.Beesflyawayfromthehiveandneverreturn.Sometimestheyarefounddead;othertimestheyareneverfounD.Manycropsandtreesdependonpollination---bybeestohelpthemgrow.A.newreportsaysavirusmaybeatleastpartlyresponsibleforthedisorderinhoneybeecoloniesintheUnitedStates.ThisvirusiscalledIsraeliacuteparalysisvirus.ItwasfirstfoundinIsraelin2004.LanLipkinatColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkandateamreportedthenewfindingsinScienceMagazinE.DoctorLipkinsaysthevirusmaynotbetheonlycausE.Hesaysitmayworkwithothercausestoproducethecollapsedisorder.Theteamfoundthevirusincolonieswiththehelpofamapofhoneybeegenesthatwaspublishedlastyear.Theyexaminedthirtycoloniesaffectedbythedisorder.Theyfoundevidenceofthevirusintwenty-fiveofthemandinonehealthycolony.Thenextstepisfurthertestingofhealthyhives.TheresearcherssuggestedthattheUnitedStatesmayhaveimportedthedisorderinbeesfromAustraliA.TheysaythebeesmaycarrythevirusbutnotbeaffecteD.TheideaisthatunlikemanyAmericanbeestheabilityofAustralianbeestofightdiseasehasnotbeenhurtbythevarroasismitE.ThisinsectattackshoneybeeswhichcouldmakethedisordermorelikelytoaffectahivE.Australianbeeproducersobjecttothesesuspicions.AndsomeresearcherssuspectthatbeeproductionintheUnitedStatesisdownmainlybecauseoftheweather.Honeybeesgathernectarfromflowersandtrees.Thesweetliquidgivesthemfoodandmaterialtomakehoney.ButcoldweatherthisspringintheMidwestreducedtheflowofnectarinmanyflowers.ManybeesmayhavestarveD.Dryweatherinareasofthecountrycouldalsobeplayingapart.WayneEsaiasisaNASAspaceagencyscientistwhokeepsbeesinhisfreetimE.HelivesincentralMarylandwherehehasfoundthatflowersarebloomingamonthearlierthantheydidin1970whichmaybepartlyresponsibleforthedisorder.WayneEsaiasisorganizingagroupofbeekeeperstodocumentnectarflowaroundthecountry.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthecauseofthisdisorder?A.DoubtfulB.NeutralC.SupportiveD.NegativeThepassageismainlydevelopedby.A.presentingtheeffectandanalyzingitscausesB.makingcomparisonsbetweentwocountriesC.providingdataandexamplesD.followingthetimeorderHowmanypossibilitiesmaybeinvolvedinthebeedisorderaccordingtothepassage?A.ThreeB.FourC.FiveD.SixFromthepassagewecaninferthat.A.AmericanbeesaremorelikelytodefendthemselvesagainsthurtfromotherinsectsthanAustralianonesB.A.collectionofplantsproductionintheU.SmaybeinfluencedbythebeedisorderC.IsraeliacuteparalysisvirusshouldberesponsibleforthedisorderD.Thesolutiontothedisorderwillbefoundeventually

四阅读理解每小题2分共30分AYoumightthinkthatglobalwarmingmeansnothingmorethanariseintheworld’stemperaturE.Butrisingsealevelscausedbyithaveresultedinthefirstevacuation撤离ofanislandnation—thecitizensofTuvaluwillhavetohavetheirhomelanD.Duringthe20thcenturysealevelrose8-12inches.AsaresultTuvaluhasexperiencedlowlandfloodingofsaltwaterwhichhaspollutedthecountry’sdrinkingwater.PaaniLaupepaaTuvaluangovernmentofficialreportedtotheEarthPolicyInstitutethatthenationsufferedanunusuallyhighnumberoffiercestormsinthepasttenyears.Manyscientistsconnecthighersurfacewatertemperaturesresultingfromglobalwarmingtogreaterandmoredamagingstorms.LaupepaexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeUnitedStatesforrefusingtosigntheKyotoProtocolaninternationalagreementcallingforindustrializednationstoreducetheirgreenhousegasemissions导致温室效应的气体排放whichareamaincauseofglobalwarming.ByrefusingtosigntheagreementtheUShaseffectivelytakenawaythefreedomoffuturegenerationsofTuvaluanstolivewheretheirforefathershavelivedforthousandsofyearsLaupepatoldtheBBC.TuvaluhasaskedAustraliaandNewZealandtoallowthegradualmoveofitspeopletobothcountries.Tuvaluisnottheonlycountrythatisvulnerable易受影响的torisingsealevels.MaumoonGayoonpresidentoftheMaldivestoldtheUnitedNationsthatglobalwarminghasmadehiscountryof311000anendangerednation.56.Thetextismainlyabou_________.A.rapidchangesinearth’stemperatureB.badeffectsofglobalwarmingC.movingofacountrytoanewplaceD.reasonsforlowlandflooding57.AccordingtoscientiststheDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsis________.A.greenhousegasemissionsinindustrializednationsB.highersurfacewatertemperaturesoftheseaC.continuousglobalwarmingD.risingsealevels58.LaupepawasnotsatisfiedwiththeUnitedStatesbecauseitdidnot_______.A.agreetoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissionsB.signanagreementwithTuvaluC.allowTuvaluanstomovetotheUSD.believetheproblemsfacingTuvaluwerereal

Forcenturiestheonlyformofwrittencorrespondence通信wastheletter.Letterswereandaresentbysomeformofpostalservicethehistoryofwhichgoesbackalongway.IndeedtheEgyptiansbegansendinglettersfromabout2000BCasdidtheChineseathousandyearslater.Ofcoursemodernpostalservicesnowaremuchmoredevelopedandfasterdependingastheydooncarsandplanesfordelivery.Yettheyarestilltooslowforsomepeopletosendurgentdocuments紧急文件andletters.Theinventionofthefax传真machineincreasedthespeedofdeliveringdocumentsevenmore.Whenyousendafaxyouaresendingacopyofapieceofcorrespondencetosomeonebytelephoneservice.Itwasnotuntiltheearly1980sthatsuchaservicewasdevelopedenoughforbusinessestobeabletofaxdocumentstoeachother.Thefaxserviceisstillverymuchinusewhencopiesofdocumentsrequiretobesentbutasawayoffastcorrespondenceithasbeenlargelytakentheplaceofbyemail.Emailisusedtodescribemessagessentfromonecomputerusertoanother.Thereareadvantagesanddisadvantageswithemails.Ifyousendsomeoneandemailthenhewillreceiveitextremelyquickly.NormalpostalservicesareratherslowasfarasspeedofdeliveryisconcerneD.Howeverifyouwritesomethingbyemailwhichyoumightlaterregretandsenditimmediatelythereisnochanceforsecondthoughts.Atleastifyouarepostingaletteryouhavetoaddressandseal封theenvelopeandtakeittothepostbox.ThereisplentyoftimetochangeyourminD.Themessageisthinkbeforeyouemail!41.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat.A.emailislesspopularthanthefaxserviceB.thepostalservicehasovertheyearsbecomefasterC.thepostalservicehasovertheyearsbecomeslowerD.thefaxservicehasahistoryaslongasthepostalservicedoes42.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.A.thefaxservicehadbeenfullydevelopedbythe1980sB.lettershavebeenusedinChinaforabout1000yearsC.thefaxmachinewasinventedafterthe1980sD.lettershavebeenusedinEgyptforabout2000years43.Inthelastparagraphthewritermentionsthinkbeforeyouemailtoshowthat.A.youmayregretifyoudon’tsealyourenvelopeB.youmayregretbeforeyousendsomethingbyemailC.you’dbetternotsendyouremailinahurryD.youneedplentyoftimetosendanemail44.Thetextmainlydealswith.A.theprogressincorrespondenceB.theadvantageoffaxmachinesC.theadvantageofemailsD.theinventionoffaxmachines

ScientistsbelievethatconditionsonMarsaround3.8billionyearsagowereverysimilartothoseoftheearlyearthwhenprimitiveorganismswerespreadingthroughouroceans.AtthattimeMarswouldhavebeenmuchwarmerandwetterthanitistodaywithanatmospherecomposedmainlyofcarbondioxidejustlikethatoftheearthatthetimE.UndertheseconditionsitishighlyprobablethatlifemayhavearisenonMarsaswell.ButeveniflifedidnotarisenaturallyonMarsitdoesnotmeanthatitcouldnothaveexistedtherE.AccordingtoProfessorPaulDaviesoftheUniversityofAdelaideAustralialifeformscouldhavebeentransferredbetweentheearthandMarsinwreckagebrokepiecescreatedbytheimpactofcomet彗星andsmallplanetsonthesurfaceofthetwoplanets.Eventodayabout500tonsofmaterialfromMarslandsoneartheveryyear.Itismainlyintheformofthedustbutoccasionallyalargerchunk厚片大块strikestheearth.In1911apieceofMartianrockcrashedinEgyptkillingadog.AccordingtoprofessorDaviesitisinthesechunksofrockwhichweremuchlargerandmorefrequentinthepastthatlifeformscouldhavebeentransportedfromplanettoplanet.Buthowcouldtheselifeformshavesurvivedtheirjourneythroughspace?SaysPaulDaviesThedifficultyinbelievingthistheoryisthatabacteriumonitsowninspacehastostruggleitselfnotonlyagainstcoldbutalsoagainstdeadlycosmic宇宙的radiation.Butwrappedinarockthesituationisdifferent.A.rocktenmetersacrosswouldshieldlifeinsideitfromalotofradiationandthetemperaturemightonlybeminus10or20degreesthesortofthingwehaveonearth.73.Wheredosomescientistssupposelifeprobablycomefrom?回答不超过6个单词74.WhatdoesProfessorPaulDaviesbelieve?回答不超过6个单词75.Whycouldlifesurvivewhentransferredfromoneplanettoanother?回答不超过12个单词

Thehumanbraincontainstenthousandmillioncellsandeachofthesemayhaveathousandconnections.Suchenormousnumbersusedtodiscourageusandcauseustodismissthepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman－likeabilitybutnowthatwehavegrownusedtomovingforwardatsuchapacewecanbelesssurE.Quitesooninonly10or20yearsperhapswewillbeabletoassemble装配amachineascomplexasthehumanbrainandifwecanwewill.Itmaythentakeusalongtimetorender致使itintelligentbyloadingintherightsoftwareorbyaltering改变thearchitecturebutthattwowillhappen.Ithinkitiscertainthatindecadesnotcenturiesmachinesofsiliconwillarisefirsttorival媲美andthenexceedtheirhumanancestors.Oncetheyexceedustheywillbecapableoftheirowndesign.Inarealsensetheywillbeabletoreproducethemselves.Siliconwillhaveendedcarbon'slongcontrol.AndwewillnolongerbeabletoclaimourselvestobethefinestintelligenceintheknownuniversE.Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasedtomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscale规模经济wemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiersfirstonearththroughtheirabilitytowithstandenvironmentsharmfultoourselves.ThusdesertsmaybloomandtheoceanbedsbemineD.Furtheraheadbyacombinationofthegreatwealththisnewagewillbringandthetechnologyitwillprovidetheconstructionofavastman－createdworldinspacehometothousandsofmillionsofpeoplewillbewithinourpower.68.Inwhatwaycanwemakeamachineintelligent?A.BymakingitworkinsuchenvironmentsasdesertsoceansorspaceB.Byworkinghardfor10or20yearsC.ByeitherprogrammingitorchangingitsstructureD.Byreproducingit69.Thewordcarbonstandsfor.A.intelligentrobotsB.achemicalelementC.anorganicsubstanceD.humanbeings70.Arobotcanbeusedtoexpandourfrontierswhen.A.itsintelligenceandcostarebeyondquestionB.itisabletobeartheroughenvironmentC.itismadeascomplexasthehumanbrainD.itsarchitectureisdifferentfromthatofthepresentones71.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.aftertheinstallationofagreatnumberofcellsandconnectionsrobotswillbecapableofself-reproductionB.withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnologypeoplehavecometorealizethepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeabilityC.oncewemakeamachineascomplexasthehumanbrainitwillpossessintelligencE.D.robotswillhavecontrolofthevastman-madeworldinspace

OnMay212000someAmericanscientistswereworkingatthecomputerstolookforinformationtheyneeded.Suddenlytheysawalotofverybrightredspotscrossingthecomputers’screens.Atthesametimethecomputerswereworkingmuchslower.Tofindoutwhatwashappeningtheystoppedtheirworktochecksomepartsofthecomputers.Totheirhorrortheyfoundoutthatmostoftheirstoredinformationwasgotridofbycomputerviruses病毒.Obviouslyallthesecomputershadbeeninfectedbycomputerviruses.ItissaidthatthecomputervirusesweremadebytwoorthreePhilippineyoungmenfondofplayingtricks.Theyallhadexcellenteducation.TheycreatedthevirusesjusttoshowtheirintelligencE.ThekindofcomputervirusisnamedILoveYouVirus.Thisviruscanhideincomputersforlong.Whenthetimecomestheywillattackthecomputersbyloweringtheimportantfunctionsdamagingtheirnormalprogramsorevengettingridofagreatdealofinformationwhichoperatorsofthecomputersoftenuseorstorewhat’sworseitstillcanreproduceitselfingreatquantitieswithinashorttimE.WecometoknowthatILoveYouVirusoftenattackscomputersonMondaysandthatitisspreadingtomanycomputersintheworlD.AmongthecountriesthatsufferedcomputerviruseslastyearareBritainAustraliaSwitzerlandandtheUSA.Thosewhomadethecomputermuseshavebeenfoundoutslowlyandcarefully.Buttillnowhowtogetridoftheterriblevirusesremainsaproblem.1.Whenthevirusesattackthecomputersthecomputerswillwork_______.A.normallyB.abnormallyC.fasterD.well2.TwoorthreePhilippineyoungmencreatedthecomputervirusesto_______.A.damagethecomputersB.testtheirabilityquicklyC.telltheworldthattheywereintelligentD.playatrickinoperatorsofthecomputers3.Accordingtothepassagecomputervirusesseemto________.A.havebeeninnatureforyearsB.existinanycomputersC.beabletobegotridofinthenearfutureD.bedifficulttogetridofatpresent4.Themostseriousdamagecausedbythevirusesisthat_______.A.thecomputer’sfuntionsareloweredB.thenormalprogramsaredamagedC.alltheinformationstoredinthecomputersisgoneD.thecomputersinfectedbythevirusescannolongerbeused5.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingistrue?A.Scientistsaretryingtofindawaytogetridoftheviruses.B.TheviruseswillcometothenewcomputerafterstayingintheoldoneforsometimE.C.Lastyearfourcountriesfoundtheircomputerswereinfectedbyviruses.D.TheILoveYouVirusisagreatharmtohumanhealth.

Egyptianresearchersbelievetheyhaverecognizedthemummy木乃伊ofHatshepsutthemostfamousqueentoruleancientEgyptfoundinanaveragetombinEgypt’sValleyoftheKings.Researcherssaidthemummywasoneoftwofemalesfoundin1903inasmalltombbelievedtobethatofHatshepsut’snurseSitreIn.Infacttherehasbeentheideaovertheyearsthatoneofthemummiesmaybethatofthequeenwhoruledfrombetween1503and1482BCattheheightofancientEgypt’spower.Thedecisivetruth-tellingfactwasatoothinawoodenboxmarkedwiththequeen’snameHawasssaiD.Theboxwasfoundin1881inahidingplaceofroyalmummiescollectedandhiddenawayattheDeiral-Baharitempleabout1000metresawayfromthetomB.CheckingallthemummieswhichmightbeHatshepsut’sYehyaZakariyaamedicineprofessorfoundthatthetoothwasaperfectfitinaholeintheupperjawofoneofthetwofemalesafatwomanbelievedtohavesufferedfromcanceranddiabetes.TherecognitionofthetoothwiththejawcanshowthisisHatshepsutHawasssaiD.Atoothislikeafingerprint.AnotherresearcherElizabethThomasspeculatedmanyyearsagothatoneofthemummieswasHatshepsut’sbecausehowtherightarmwasputoverthewoman’schestsuggestedroyalty.Itwasguessedthatthemummymighthavebeenhiddeninthetombforsafekeepingbecauseherstepsonandsuccessor继任者TuthmosisIIItriedtowipeouthermemory.Hatshepsutstolethepowerfromheryoungstepson.Afterherdeathrecordsweredestroyedandherbodywasdugout.41.AccordingtothepassageHatshepsut______.A.wastheonlyqueeneverrulingEgyptB.diedofcanceranddiabetesC.livedbetween1503and1482BCD.wasburiedtogetherwithhernurse42.Whentheyfoundtheboxpeopleknew______.A.whereHatshepsutwasburiedB.whyHatshepsut’sbodywaslostC.thetoothwasHatshepsut’sD.Hatshepsut’stombwasaverage43.WhatisthekeytotherecognitionofHatshepsut’smummy?A.Thetooth.B.Thefingerprint.C.Hatshepsut’snamE.D.SitreInhernursE.44.WhichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedwordspeculatedinParagraph5?A.admittedB.guessedC.provedD.doubted45.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.A.YehyarecognizedthefatwomanasHatshepsut.B.ElizabethfoundHatshepsut’smummyfirst.C.HatshepsutmusthadbeenkilledbyTuthmosisIII.D.Hatshepsut’sdeathmayhadbeenamystery.

In1901H.G.WellsanEnglishwriterwroteabookdescribingatriptothemoon.Whentheexplorers探险者landedonthemoontheydiscoveredthatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities.Theyexpressedtheirsurprisetothemoonpeopletheymet.InturnthemoonpeopleexpressedtheirsurprisE.Why?theyaskedareyoutravelingtoouterspacewhenyoudon’tevenuseyourinnerspace?H.G.Wellscouldonlyimaginetraveltothemoon.In1969humanbeingsreallydidlandonthemoon.Peopletodayknowthattherearenoundergroundcitiesonthemoon.HoweverthequestionthatthemoonpeopleaskedisstillaninterestingonE.A.growingnumberofscientistsareseriouslythinkingaboutit.UndergroundsystemsarealreadyinplacE.Manycitieshaveundergroundcarparks.InsomecitiessuchasTokyoSeoulandMontrealtherearelargeundergroundshoppingareas.TheChunnelatunnel隧道connectingEnglandandFranceisnowcompletE.Butwhataboutundergroundcities?Japan’sTaiseiCorporationisdesigninganetworkofundergroundsystemscalledAliceCities.Thedesignersimagineusingsurfacespaceforpublicparksandusingundergroundspaceforflatsofficesshoppingandsoon.A.solardome太阳能穹顶wouldcoverthewholecity.Supportersofundergrounddevelopmentsaythatbuildingdownratherthanbuildingupisagoodwaytousetheearth’sspacE.Thesurfacetheysaycanbeusedforfarmsparksgardensandwilderness.H.G.WellsmoonpeoplewouldagreE.Wouldyou?5.TheexplorersinH.G.Wells’storyweresurprisedtofindthatthemoonpeople.A.knewsomuchabouttheearthB.understoodtheirlanguageC.livedinsomanyundergroundcitiesD.wereaheadoftheminspacetechnology6.Whatdoestheunderlinedworditparagraph2referto?A.Discoveringthemoon’sinnerspacE.B.Usingtheearth’sinnerspacE.C.Meetingthemoonpeopleagain.D.TravelingtoouterspacE.7.Whatsortofundergroundsystemsarealreadyherewithus?A.Officesshoppingareaspowerstations.B.Tunnelscarparksshoppingareas.C.Gardenscarparkspowerstations.D.Tunnelsgardensoffices.8.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AliceCities—citiesofthefutureB.SpacetravelwithH.G.WellsC.EnjoylivingundergroundD.Buildingdownnotup

APlanForExploringMars火星探索计划NASAismovingaheadwithplanstoputalong-armedlanderonMars’icynorthpoletosearchforcluesforwaterandpossiblesignsoflifE.The$386millionPhoenixMarsisplannedtotouchdownintheMartianarcticin2008.ThestationaryprobewilluseitsroboticarmtodigintotheicylandandpickupsoilsamplestoanalyzE.In2002theMarsOdysseyorbiterspottedevidenceofice-richsoilnearthearcticsurfacE.ScientistshopethePhoenixmissionwillfindcluestothegeologichistoryofwaterontheRedPlanetanddeterminewhethermicrobesexistedintheicE.PhoenixwillbethefirstmissionoftheMarsScoutprogramarenewedlow-costefforttostudytheRedPlanet.ThePhoenixmissionexploresnewterritoryinthenorthernplainsofMarsanalogoustothepermafrostregionsonEarthPeterSmithsaiD.TruetoitsnamePhoenixrosefromtheashesofpreviousmissions.ThelanderforPhoenixwasbuilttoflyaspartofthe2001MarsSurveyorprogram.Buttheprogrambrokedownafterthewell-knowndisappearanceoftheMarsPolarLanderin1999.ThePolarLanderlostcontactduringalandingattemptneartheplanet’ssouthpoleafteritsrocketengineshutoffprematurelycausingthespacecrafttofallabout130feettoalmostcertaindestruction.ThePhoenixprobehadbeeninstorageataLockheedMartincleanroominDenverbeforeitwasreusedforitspresentmission.ItwillcarryscienceinstrumentsthatweredesignedfortheMarsSurveyorprogramincludinganimprovedpanoramiccameraandatrench-diggingroboticarm.PhoenixwillliftofffromtheKennedySpaceCenterinAugust2007andlandontheplanetninemonthslater.63.Thepassagemainlytellsreadersthat_________.A.cluesofwaterwillbefoundinPhoenixB.PhoenixwillbesenttofindcluesofwateronMarsC.August2007willseePhoenixliftoffD.theMarsScoutprogramwillbecarriedout64.Theunderlinedwordprematurelyparagraph5means_________.A.ontimeB.behindthetimeC.outofworkD.aheadoftime65.AccordingtothepassageweknowPhoenixwilllandonMars_________.A.inMay2008B.inAugust2007C.inAugust2008D.inSeptember200866.AccordingtothepassagethenamePhoenixisafterthemeaningof_________.A.rebirthB.deathC.energyD.hope67.AfterPhoenixlandsonMarswecaninferitwillfirstly_________.A.findsoilsamplesandsendthemtotheearthB.lookfortheicylandtodigforthesoilsamplesC.takephotosandsendthemtotheearthD.findtheremainsoftheMarsPolarLander

Doyouwanttoseetheeffectsofglobalwarming?Thenheadnorth.RecentstudiesindicatethattheNorthPolecouldbeunderwaterduringthesummerinlessthan10yearsinsteadofcoatedinthickseaicE.ButseeingtheArcticterrain地带upcloseisn’teasyunlessyou’rehandywithadogsleD.Stegerisgoingtotakeallofusthere.Steger64isagreatpolarexplorer.HewasthefirstpersontomakeadogsledtriptotheNorthPoleandisalsoadevotedenvironmentalistwhowasearlytoringthealarmbellonglobalwarming.Stegerisabouttoleadateamofsixyoungadventurersona1400-mile60-day-longdogsledtripacrossEllesmereIslandintheCanadianArctiC.Theseaiceinthatregionshouldstillbefrozen.WewanttotakeouraudiencetothefrontlinesofglobalwarmingsaysSteger.Theteamwillbeuploadingvideosstoriesandphotostothewebsiteglobalwarming101.comastheymarchalongallowingarmchairadventurersandkidsinclassroomstofollowtheirprogressdaytoday.Steger’steamwillincludesomealready-famousyoungexplorers.SamBranson22-yearoldisanexperiencedArctictraveler.Alsoonthejourneywillbe27-year-oldNorwegianSigridEkran.LastyearEkranbecomeonlythesecondwomaninhistorytowinRookie新秀oftheYearfortheIditarodSledDogRacE.Whattheywillseemaybesurprising.EvenStegerdoesn’tknowexactlywhattoexpect.ClimatechangehasalreadyreshapedthegeographyoftheArctiC.Withinadecadeorlessit’sgoingtobeimpossibletoreachtheNorthPolebydogteamwithoutflotation漂浮saysSteger.60.WecanlearnfromParagraph1that.A.climatechangehappensonlyinthefarnorthB.theeffectsofclimatechangeareobviousintheArcticterrainC.climatechangeisgoingtobethebiggestissuefacinghumanraceD.climatechangeistheresultofpollution61.Itcanbeinferredthattheaimofthedogsledtripisto.A.encourageyoungpeopletoexploretheArcticB.presenttheArcticterraintogeographyclassesC.studythecauseofclimatechangeinpolarregionD.raiseawarenessofthedamagethatclimatechangeiscausinginpolarregions62.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSteger’steamisTRUE?A.SamBransonamemberisskilledattravellingintheArctiC.B.Stegertheleaderisagreatenvironmentalexpert.C.EkranamemberisthesecondwomantohavereachedtheNorthPolE.D.AllthemembersareexperiencedArcticexplorers.63.WhydoesStegerNOTknowwhattheywillseeduringtheirtrip?A.Becauseitwillbethefirsttimeforhimtogothatfarnorth.B.Becausetheseaiceinthatregionshouldstillbefrozen.C.Becausethegeographytherehaschangedduetowarmertemperatures.D.BecausetheywillgotherebyboatinsteadofbysledgE.

Wehaveseenthatpesticides杀虫剂nowpollutesoilwaterandfoodandthattheyhavethepowertomakeourriversfishlessandourgardensandwoodlandssilentandbirdless.ManhowevermuchhemayliketopretendtheoppositeispartofnaturE.Canheescapeapollutionthatisnowsothoroughlyspreadthroughoutourworld?Weknowthatevensingleexposure暴露tothesechemicalsiftheamountislargeenoughcancauseextremelyseverepoisoning.Butthisisnotthemajorproblem.Thesuddenillnessordeathoffarmersfarmworkersandothersexposedtoenoughquantitiesofpesticidesisverysadandshouldnothappen.ForthepopulationasawholewemustpaymoreattentiontothedelayedeffectsoftakinginsmallamountsofthepesticidesthatunseeablypolluteourworlD.Responsible负责的publichealthofficialshavepointedoutthatthebiologicaleffectsofchemicalsareincreasinginamountoverlongperiodsoftimeandthatthedangertomanmaydependontheamountoftheexposuresreceivedthroughouthislifetimE.Fortheseveryreasonspeopleeasilytakenonoticeofthedanger.Itishumannaturetoshakeoffwhatmayseemtousafuturedisaster灾害.MenarenaturallymostimpressedbydiseaseswhichhaveobvioussignssaysawisephysicianDr.ReneDubosyetsomeoftheirworstenemiesslowlycomenearthemunnoticeD.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedsentence?A.Mandoesn'tcareaboutwhathappensinnaturE.B.ManactsasifhedoesnotbelongtonaturE.C.Mancanavoidtheeffectsofenvironmentalpollution.D.Mancanescapehisresponsibilitiesforenvironmentalprotection.Peoplearelikelytotakenonoticeofthedelayedeffectsofexposuretochemicalsbecause________.A.limitedexposuretothemdoeslittleharmtopeople'shealthB.thepresentismoreimportanttothemthanthefutureC.thedangerdoesnotbecomeseenclearlyandimmediatelyD.humansareabletobearsmallamountsofpoisoningItcanbeconcludedfromwhatDr.Dubossaysthat________.A.peoplefindhiddendiseasesdifficulttodealwithB.attacksbyhiddenenemiesarelikelytobedeadlyC.diseaseswithobvioussignsareeasytocureD.peoplearelikelytotakenonoticeofhiddendangerscausedbypesticides

Didyouknowthatwomen’sbrainsaresmallerthanmen’s?Theaveragewomen’sbrainweighs10%lessthanmen’s.Sinceresearchhasshownthatthebiggerthebrainthecleverertheanimalmenmustbemoreintelligent聪明的thanwomen.Right?Wrong.MenandwomenalwaysscoresimilarlyonintelligencetestsdespitethedifferenceinbrainsizE.Why?Afteryearsofstudyresearchershaveconcludedthatit’swhat’sinsidethatmattersnotjustthesizeofthebrain.Thebrainconsistsofgreymatterandwhitematter.Whilemenhavemoreofthelattertheamountofthinkingbrainisalmostexactlythesameinbothsexes.Ithasbeensuggestedthatsmallerbrainappearstoworkfasterperhapsbecausethetwosidesofthebrainarebetterconnectedinwomen.ThismeansthatlittlegirlstendtolearntospeakearlierandthatwomencanunderstandsortsofinformationfromdifferentsourcesatthesametimE.Whenitcomestotalkingtothebossonthephonecookingdinnerandkeepinganeyeonthebabyallatthesametimeit’swomenwhocomeoutontopeverytimE.Thereareotherimportantdifferencesbetweentwosexes.Aswhitematteristhekeytospatial空间的tasksmenknowbetterwherethingsareinrelationtootherthings.Agreatfootballeralwaysknowswhereheisinrelationtotheotherplayersandheknowswheretogosaysoneresearcher.Thatmayexplainoneoflife’sgreatmysteries:whymenrefusetoaskfordirectionsandwomenoftenneedto!Thedifferencesbeginwhenfetuses胎儿areaboutnineweeksoldwhichcanbeseenintheactionofchildrenasyoungasonE.Aboywouldtrytoclimbabarrier障碍物beforehimorpushitdownwhileagirlwouldattracthelpfromothers.Thesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefactthatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskillswhilemorewomenspeechskills.Itmayallgobacktoourancestors祖先amongwhomwomenneededspeechskillstotakecareoftheirbabiesandmenneededspatialskillstohuntaccordingtooneresearch.Ifallthisdisappointsyouitshouldn’t.Thebrainchangesthroughoutourlivesaccordingtowhatwedowithit.saysabiologist.Thepassagemainlytellsus________.A.thedifferencebetweenmen’sandwomen’sbrainsB.thechangesinbrainthroughoutourlivesC.thatmenarebetteratspatialtasksD.thatbraindifferencesarerelatedtoourancestorsWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Women’sbrainis10%lessthanmen’sB.Greymatterplaysthesameroleaswhitematter.k.s.5.uC.Greymattercontrolsthinkinginthebrain.D.Bothsexeshavethesameamountofwhitematter.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondandthirdparagraphs?A.WomenpreferdoingmanythingsatatimE.B.MendobetterdealingwithonejobatatimE.C.Womendonotneedtotelldirections.D.Menhaveweakerspatialabilities.Whatisthewriter’sattitudeinwritingthispassage?A.DefensivE.B.PersuasivE.C.SupportivE.D.ObjectivE.

Desertplantsfallintotwosortsaccordingtothewaytheydealwiththeproblemofsurvivingdrought.Therearethedrought―avoiders―thosewhichpersist存留onlyasseedsreadytospringupwhenitrainstoflowerquicklyandproduceanothercropofseedsandtodieagain.Therearealsothedrought―resisters―thosewhichhaveevolvedvariousmethodsforstrongwaterlocatingundergroundwaterorreducingtheirneedforwaterbysuchdevicesassheddingtheirleaves.Thedrought―resistersareperennials多年生植物theymanagetolivefromonerainyseasontoanotherslowlygrowingbiggerandbigger.Ofthesethesucculents肉质的isasmallbutinterestingfraction小部分.Theymaystorewaterintheirleavesintheirstemsorinundergroundcontainers.IntheAmericandesertsthebest―knownsucculentsarethecacti仙人掌.Theycomeinawiderangeofsizesfrom50―foottallgiantsaguaros树形仙人掌totinyroundcactiaboutthesizeofathumb―nail.Theytakethickcylindrical圆柱体的orevensphericalformstherebyexposingaminimumofevaporatingsurfacetotheairandlight.Theyareleaflessexceptinyouthandthentheleavesaresmall.Typicallytheirsurfacesarespinydiscouragingthirstyanimalsandchanneledlikeanaccordion手风琴sothefleshystemmayexpandquicklywhentheplantdrinksandcontractslowlyasitusesupthewater.Therootsystemiswidespreadandshallowwithgoodreason;onlyabout3percentoftherainthatfallsonthedesertpenetratestoanysignificantdepthintosoil.65.Thepassageclassifies将分类thedesertplantsaccordingto___.A.thewaystheytaketodealwiththetypicalclimaticconditionindesertB.theirshapeC.howtheyusewaterD.whentheyproducetheirseeds66.Accordingtothepassagesomedesertplantsdroptheirleaves___.A.becausethetemperatureistoohighB.sothattheplantscanevaporatelesswaterC.becausetheyaredroughtresistersD.sothattheplantscanstoremorewater67.Whatintereststheauthormostwhenheorshementionssucculentsisthat___.A.theytakethickcylindricalorevensphericalshapeB.theyarebest―knowninAmericaC.theyhavemanywaysofcontainingwaterD.someofthemcanbeverytiny68.Thepassagegivesusanimpressionthat___.A.thedesertplantsareshapedinawayasifthemweredesignedbysomebodyonpurposeB.morewaterisneededindesertsothatmoredesertplantscangrowthereC.morelandswillbeturnedintodesertifwedonottryhardertosavewaterinourdailylifeD.thecactiarethemostfamousdesertplantsinAmerica

BotanythestudyofplantsplaysastrangeroleinthehistoryofhumanknowledgE.FormanythousandsofyearsitwasonefieldaboutwhichhumanshadlittleknowledgE.ItisimpossibletoknowtodayjustwhatourStoneAgeAncestorsknewaboutplantsbutfromwhatwecanobserveofpreindustrialsocietiesthatstillexistsadetailedlearningofplantsandtheirproperties特征mustbeveryancient.ThisisreasonablE.Plantsarethebasisofthefoodpyramidforalllivingthingsevenforotherplants.Theyhavealwaysbeengreatlyimportanttothegoodofpeoplesnotonlyforfoodbutalsoforclothingweaponstoolsmedicineshousingandagreatmanyotherpurposes.Tribes部落livingtodayinthewoodsoftheAmazonrecognizehundredsofplantsandknowmanypropertiesofeach.Tothembotanyassuchhasnonameandisprobablynotevenrecognizedasaspecialbranchofknowledgeatall.Unfortunatelythemoreindustrializedwebecomethefartherawaywemovefromdirectrelationwithplantsandthelessclearourknowledgeofbotanygrows.YeteveryonecomesunconsciouslyonasurprisingamountofbotanicalknowledgeandfewpeoplewillfailtorecognizearoseoranapplE.WhenourNewStoneAgeancestorslivingintheMiddleEastabout10000yearsagodiscoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandtheirseedsplantedforricherproductionthenextseasonthefirstgreatstepinanewconnectionofplantsandhumanswastaken.Grainswerediscoveredandfromthemflowedthemarvelofagriculture:plantedcrops.Fromthenonhumanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproductionofafewplantsratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwildandthecollectedknowledgeoftensofthousandsofyearsofexperienceandcloserelationswithplantsinthewildwouldbegintodisappear.67.Whichofthefollowingassumptions假设aboutearlyhumansisexpressedinthepassage?A.Theyprobablyhadwideknowledgeofplants.B.TheyclearlydividedknowledgeintoseparatefieldsC.Theydidnotenjoythestudyofbotany.D.Theyplacedgreatimportanceonownershipofproperty.68.Accordingtothepassagewhyhasgeneralknowledgeofbotanydecreased?A.PeoplenolongervalueplantsasausefulresourcE.B.BotanyisnotrecognizedasaspecialbranchofsciencE.C.Researchisunabletokeepupwiththeincreasingnumberofplants.D.DirectrelationwithavarietyofplantshasdecreaseD.69.Inparagraph2theunderlinedwordmarvelisclosestinmeaningto_____.A.edgeB.signC.beginningD.wonder70.Accordingtothepassagewhatwasthefirstgreatsteptowardthepracticeofagriculture?A.Theinventionofagriculturetoolsandmachines.B.Thedevelopmentofasystemofnamesforplants.C.ThediscoveryofgrassesthatcouldbeharvestedandreplanteD.

Spaceisadangerousplacenotonlybecauseofmeteors流星butalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphereagainactsasourprotectiveblanketonearth.Lightgetsthroughandthisisessentialforplantstomakethefoodwhichweeat.Heattoomakesourenvironmentendurable可忍受的.Variouskindsofrayscomethroughtheairfromouterspacebutenormousquantitiesofradiation辐射fromthesunarescreenedoff.AssoonasmenleavetheatmospheretheyareexposedtothisradiationbuttheirspacesuitsorthewallsoftheirspacecraftiftheyareinsidedopreventalotofradiationdamagE.RadiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersinspacE.Theunitofradiationiscalledrem.Scientistshavereasontothinkthatamancanputupwithfarmoreradiationthan0.1remwithoutbeingdamaged;thefigureof60remshasbeenagreedon.Thetroubleisthatitisextremelydifficulttobesureaboutradiationdamage-apersonmayfeelperfectlywellbutthecellsofhisorhersexorgansmaybedamagedandthiswillnobediscovereduntilthebirthofabnormalchildrenorevengrandchildren.MissionsoftheApolloflightshavehadtocrossbeltsofhighamountofrems.SofarnodangerousamountsofradiationhavebeenreportedbuttheApollomissionshavebeenquiteshort.Wesimplydonotknowyethowmenaregoingtogetonwhentheyspendweeksandmonthsoutsidetheprotectionoftheatmosphereworkinginaspacelaboratory.Drugsmighthelptodecreasethedamagedonebyradiationbutnoreallyeffectiveoneshavebeenfoundsofar.1.Accordingtothefirstparagraphtheatmosphereisessentialtomaninthat____.A.itprotectshimagainsttheharmfulraysfromspaceB.itprovidessufficientlightforplantgrowthC.itsuppliestheheatnecessaryforhumansurvivalD.itscreensoffthefallingmeteors2.Weknowfromthepassagethat____.A.exposuretoeventinyamountsofradiationisdeadlyB.theeffectofexposuretoradiationisslowincomingC.radiationisavoidableinspaceexplorationD.astronautsinspacesuitsneedn'tworryaboutradiationdamage3.TheharmradiationhasdonetotheApollocrewmembers____A.issignificantB.seemsoverestimatedC.isenormousD.remainsunknown4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____.A.theApollomissionwasverysuccessfulB.protectionfromspaceradiationisnoeasyjobC.astronautswillhavedeformedchildrenorgrandchildrenD.radiationisnotathreattowell-protectedspaceexplorers45.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe____.A.TheAtmosphereandOurEnvironmentB.ResearchonRadiationC.EffectsofSpaceRadiationD.ImportanceofProtectionAgainstRadiation

Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.Sinceabout1970newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings.ThereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganizeD.Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.Inonestudyresearchersexaminedthebrainofthelearning-disabledpersonwhohaddiedinanaccident.Theyfoundtwounusualthings.OnehassomethingtodowithcellsontheleftsideofthebrainwhichcontrollanguagE.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledpersonhoweverthesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwindanearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.DoctorGeschwindthoughtthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsontheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probablyhesaidnervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.SothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrosseD.FrankDuffyexperimentedwiththistechniqueatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffyfoundlargedifferencesinthebrainactivityofnormalchildrenandthosewithreadingproblems.Thedifferencesappearedthroughoutthebrain.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchprovesthatreadingdisabilitiesresultfromdamagetoawideareaofthebrainnotjusttheleftsidE.61.Scientistsfoundthatthebraincellsofalearning-disabledpersondifferfromthoseofanormalpersonin.A.sizeandshapeB.colorandshapeC.sizeandarrangementD.colorandarrangement62.ItisNOTmentionedinthepassagethatlearningdisabilitiesmayresultfrom.A.theunknownareaofthebrainB.damagetoawideareaofthebrainC.unusualorganizationofbraincellsD.problemsontheleftsideofthebrain63.DoctorDuffybelievedthattheproblemoflearningdisabilities.A.waslimitedtotherightsideofthebrainB.wasnotlimitedtotheleftsideofthebrainC.resultedfromtheleftsideofthebrainD.didnotlieintheleftsideofthebrain64.Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethatfurtherresearchesshouldbemadeto.A.studypossibleinfluencesonbraindevelopmentandorganizationB.studyhowchildrenlearntoreadandwriteandusenumbersC.helplearning-disabledchildrentodeveloptheirintelligenceD.explorehowtheleftsideofthebrainworksinlanguagelearning

Somescientistssaythatanimalsintheoceansareincreasinglythreatenedbynoisepollutioncausedbyhumanbeings.Thenoisethataffectsseacreaturescomesfromanumberofhumanactivities.Itiscausedmainlybyindustrialunderwaterexplosionsoceandrillingandshipengines.Suchnoisesareaddedtonaturalsounds.Thesesoundsincludethebreakingoficefieldsunderwaterearthquakesandsoundsmadebyanimalsthemselves.Decibels分贝measuredinwateraredifferentfromthosemeasuredonlanD.A.noiseofonehundredandtwentydecibelsonlandcausespaintohumanears.Inwateradecibellevelofonehundredandninety-fivewouldhavethesameeffect.Somescientistshaveproposedsettinganoiselimitofonehundredandtwentydecibelsinoceans.Theyhaveobservedthatnoisesatthatlevelcanfrightenandconfusewhales.AteamofAmericanandCanadianscientistsdiscoveredthatloudernoisescanseriouslyinjuresomeanimals.Theresearchteamfoundthatpowerfulunderwaterexplosionswerecausingwhalesintheareatolosetheirhearing.Thisseriouslyaffectedthewhales'abilitytoexchangeinformationandfindtheirway.SomeofthewhalesevendieD.TheexplosionshadcausedtheirearstobleedandbecomeinfecteD.Manyresearcherswhoseworkdependsonoceansoundsobjecttoalimitofonehundredandtwentydecibels.Theysaysuchalimitwouldmeananendtoimportantindustrialandscientificresearch.Scientistsdonotknowhowmuchandwhatkindsofnoisesareharmfultooceananimals.HowevermanyscientistssuspectthatnoiseisagreaterdangerthantheybelieveD.Theywanttopreventnoisesfromharmingcreaturesintheocean.71.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisincreasinglydangeroustoseacreatures?A.Theman-madenoises.B.Thenoisesmadebythemselves.C.Thesoundofearthquakes.D.Thesoundoftheice-breaking.72.Whichofthefollowingisdiscussedinthethirdparagraph?A.Differentplaceswithdifferenttypesofnoises.B.Theveryhumanearssensitivetoalltypesofnoises.C.Theoceananimals'reactiontonoises.D.Thesamenoisemeasureddifferentlyonlandandintheocean.73.Astotheinfluenceofnoisesonwhaleswhichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Theyaredeaftonoises.B.Noisesatacertainlevelmayhurtthem.C.Theyareeasilyconfusedbynoises.D.NoiseswilllimittheirabilitytoreproducE.74.Wecanknowfromthepassagethatmanyresearchersthinkthatthenoiselimitofonehundredtwentydecibelswould_____.A.preventthemfromdoingtheirresearchworkB.benefitthemalotintheirresearchworkC.dogoodtotheirhealthD.increasetheindustrialoutput75.Accordingtothepassagewhatwillscientistsmostprobablydointhefuture?A.TheywilltrytheirbesttodecreasenoisE.B.Theywillworkhardtocutdownnoisepollution.C.Theywillstudytheeffectofdifferentnoises.D.Theywillprotectanimalsfromharmfulnoises.

ThesupermarketofthepastisracingtowardahightechfuturE.Andclevermarketersarestartingwiththeiryoungestcustomers.PublixSupermarketsintheU.S.cityofAtlantaGeorgiahavebeguntestingTVKartsforlittlekids.MomscanshopinpeacewhiletheirkidsridealongwatchingtheirfavoriteTVshows.MarketerssaytheTVKartsbringaboutincomebykeepingchildrenentertainedsoparentscanshoplonger.IftheTVscreenisnotenoughtoholdachild’sattentionparentscandropthemoffataplaycenteratWegman’ssupermarketinVirginia.Thereisadultcaresoparentscanscanthegroceryaisleswithouthavingtorush.Andtherearehightechtoysforgrownupstoo.ThiscomputerizedtabletiscalledtheShoppingBuddy.Thesmallcomputerkeepsarunningtabofeveryitemintheshoppingcart.CustomerscanemailtheirgrocerylistandthedevicewillletthemknowifanyoftheitemsareonsalE.Italsoshowsthelocationoftheproducts.StopandshopmarketingmanagerMikeGrimessaysthedevicecaneventakeadeli熟食orderfromcustomersontheothersideofthestoreandletthemknowwhenit’sreadyforpickup.Theshoppingbuddyhastwoprimarybenefitstoshoppers.Thefirstsavingmoneyextrasavings.TheotherthingitsavesistimE.IfyoureallywanttosavetimeVeggieVisionacomputerizedscaleandcameraidentifiesvariousfruitsandvegetablesandautomaticallypricesthemforyou.Andwhenit’stimetopayafingermaybeallyouneeD.Ittakesjustafewsecondsforamachinetoidentifyyouruniquefingerprintanddebit记入借方youraccount.TwothousandstoresintheU.S.nowhavethePaybyTouchbiometric生物测定technology.Customerssignupbyprovidingabankaccountnumberandafingerprint.SomeEuropeanstoresaretestingtinyradiotransmitters发射机ontheirgoods.ThewirelessdevicescantellifaproductisnearingitsexpirationdateorneedstoberestockeD.AndsomedayasanI.B.M.commercialshowsusthosetransmitterswillmeanyoumaynotevenneedyourfingerprinttomakeapurchasE.72.Themainpurposeofthepassageistointroduce.A.somehighsupermarkettechnologiesB.thefuturesupermarketC.aspecialwayofpaymentD.thepastsupermarket73.WhatisthemainpurposeofusingtheTVKarts?A.Toattractcustomers.B.TokeepkidsentertaineD.C.Toadvertiseproducts.D.Tomakemoremoney.74.WiththehelpoftheshoppingBuddycostumerscan.A.spendlessmoneyandtimeshoppingB.findwhattheyneedinlesstimeC.paylessforeverythingtheybuyD.makeadeliorderevenathome75.InthePaybyTouchsupermarkets.A.youcanpayyourlistbytouchingthegoodsB.youcanpaywithyourbankaccountnumberandfingerprintC.aradiotransmitterwilltellyouthelifeperiodofthegoodsD.aspecialmachinewillrecognizewhoyouareandpayforyou

Nomorebatteriesnomorechargersandnomorewires.Thisisthefuturepromisedbywirelesspower.ameansofbroadcastingelectricitythroughtheairtolaptopsiPodsandothergadgets小器具withouttheneedforcablesandsockets插座.WirelesslightingaudiospeakersanddigitalpictureframesareexpectedtobeamongthefirstcommercialproductsexhibitedinLasVegasthisweekattheInternationalConsumerElectronicsShowtheworld'sbiggestgadgetstradeshow.ExpertsbelievethisisjustthebeginningandthateventuallywirelesselectricitycoulddoforbatterylifewhatWiFi局域网didfortheInternet.Inaworldwithoutwireslaptopusersincafesandairportterminals终点站wouldbeinsideanelectricityhotspotandnolongerhavetodelveanawkwardlylocatedsocket.You'dbeabletobuy.adeskthatchargedanygadgetplacedonitorpoweranyPCyouputontopsaidJamesHollandeditorofgadgetswebsiteEleetricpig.co.uk.Ifeachroomhadwirelesspoweryou'dknowthatonceyouwalkedthroughthefrontdooryournmbilewouldstartchargingup―evenwhilestillinyourbagorpocket.You'dneverneedtohuntfortherightchargeragain.AmongthecompaniesshowcasingtheambitionstechnologyatCESisPowerBeam.Itssystemturnselectricityintoaninvisiblelaserthenbeams传播itasheatacrosstheroomtoasolarcellthatconveysitbackintodectricity.DavidGrahamtheco-founderofPowerBeamsaidWe'regoingtodeletetheword'recharge'fromtheEnglishdictionary.Ifyourcellphoneisrechargingonyourdesk.alldayyouwon'tbethinkingabout.it.TheSiliconValleycompanycancurrentlyusealasertogenerateabout1.5wattsofpowerto_asolar.cell10metersaway.ThissouldbeenoughtopoweranelectronicspeakerorsmallLED二极管lightsbutnotenoughtooperatealaptopwhichrequiresabout30to50watts.HoweverGrahamsaidthatthetechnologycouldcomfortablybescaledup提高.PowerBeaminsistsitslaserdoesnotleadtoarisktousers'healthbecauseitissimplymovingheatfromoneplacetoanother.Grahamsaidthatifsomeonewalkedthroughthebeamitwouldshutdownwithinathousandthofasecondthenrestartoncethepathisclear.Thetechnologyalsopromisesbecauseitwouldonlypowerproductswhenneeded.61.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusinthepassage?A.Awirelessinstrumentusedforcharging.B.Theonlycompanytoshowtheambitioustechnology.C.Ameansofbroadcastingelectricitytogadgets.D.Anewefficientenergy.62.TheunderlinedworddelveinParagraph3refersto______.A.huntforB.lookintoC.thinkofD.putaway63.AccordingtoJamesHollandweknowthat______.A.acellphoneCanbepoweredonlyonadeskB.gadgetscanbechargedinaloomwithwirelesspowerC.arightchargerisneededD.eachroomshouldhavewirelesspower64.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Thelaserdoesharmtopeople'shealth.B.ThegadgetslikeaudiospeakershavebeenshownattheInternationalConsumerElectronicsShowthisweek.C.Theword'recharge'hasbeendeletedfromtheEnglishdictionary.D.ThetechnologyCanalsosaveenergybecauseitwouldnotworkwhenunnecessary.65.Thefifthparagraphmainlytellsus______.A.howthesystemworksB.howtheelectricitybeconvertedintoheatC.thefunctionoftheambitioustechnologyD.theelectricityisconvertedthroughheat

Forthousandsofyearsmanhasenjoyedthetasteofapples.Appleswhichareabout85percentwatergrowalmosteverywhereintheworldbutthehottestandcoldestareas地区.AmongtheleadingcountriesinappleproductionareChinaFranceandtheUnitedStates.TherearevariouskindsofapplesbutaveryfewmakeupthemajorityofthosegrownforsalE.ThethreemostcommonkindsgrownintheUnitedStatesareDeliciousgoldenDeliciousandMcIntosh.ApplesaredifferentincoloursizeandtastE.Thecolouroftheskinmayberedgreenoryellow.TheyhavevarioussizeswithDeliciousapplesbeingamongthelargest.Thetastemaybesweetortart酸的.Generallysweetapplesareeatenfreshwhiletartapplesareusedtomakeapplesauce苹果酱.Appletreesmaygrowastallastwelvemetres.Theydobestinareasthathaveverycoldwinters.AlthoughnofruitisyieldedduringthewinterthiscoldperiodisgoodforthetreE.ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthatDeliciousapplesare_______________A.growninFrancE.B.soldeverywherE.C.verybig.D.quitesweet.Coldwinterweatherisgoodfor_______________A.thegrowthofappletrees.B.producinglargeapples.C.improvingthetasteofapples.D.theincreaseofwaterinapples.ChinaFranceandtheUnitedStatesareconsideredto_______________A.belargeproducersofapples.B.belargeproducersofapplesaucE.C.havethelongesthistoryinappleproduction.D.havethecoldestwinteramongappleproducingcountries.Thewordyieldedinthelastsentencemeans_______________A.improveD.B.increaseD.C.produceD.D.solD.

Peopleallovertheworldtodayarebeginningtohearandlearnmoreandmoreabouttheproblemofpollution.Pollutioniscausedeitherbyman'sreleaseofcompletelynewandoftenartificialsubstancesintotheenvironmentorbyreleasinggreatlyincreasedamountsofanaturalsubstancesuchasoiltankersintotheseA.Thewholeindustrialprocesswhichmakesmanyofthegoodsandmachinesweneedanduseinourdailylivesisboundtocreateanumberofwasteproductswhichupsettheenvironmentalbalanceortheecologicalbalanceasitisalsoknown.Manyofthesewasteproductscanbepreventedordisposedofsensiblybutclearlywhilemoreandmorenewandcomplexgoodsareproducetherewillbenewdangerouswastestobedisposedofforexamplethewasteproductsfromnuclearpowerstations.Manypeoplethereforeseepollutionasonlypartofalargerandmorecomplexproblemthatisthewholeprocessofindustrialproductionandconsumptionofgoods.Othersagainseetheproblemmainlyinconnectionwithagriculturewherenewmethodsarehelpingfarmersgrowmoreandmoreontheirlandtofeedourever-increasingpopulations.HoweverthelanditselfisgraduallybecomingwornoutasitisbeingusedinsomecasestooheavilyandartificialfertilizercannotrestorethebalancE.Whateveritsunderlyingreasonsthereisnodoubtthatmuchofthepollutioncausedcouldbecontrolledifonlycompaniesindividualsandgovernmentswouldmakemoreefforts.InthehomethereisanobviousneedtocontrollitterandwastE.Foodcomeswrappedupthreeorfourtimesinpackagesthatallhavetobedisposedof;drinksareincreasinglysoldinbottlesortinswhichcannotbereuseD.Thisnotonlycausesalitterproblembutalsoisagreatwasteofresourcesintermofglassmetalsandpaper.Advertisinghashelpedthisprocessbypersuadingmanyofusnotonlytobuythingsweneitherwantnorneedbutalsotothrowawaymuchofwhatwedobuy.Pollutionandwastecombinetobeaproblemeveryonecanhelptosolvebycuttingoutunnecessarybuyingexcessconsumptionandcarelessdisposaloftheproductsweuseinourdailylives.45.Theunderlinedphrasedisposedofinthesecondparagraphmeans_______.A.dealtwithB.exposedC.disapprovedofD.collected46.Inthewriter’sviewthemorenewgoods_______.A.thelesspollutionB.theharderpollutioncanbepreventedC.themorepollutiontherewillbeD.themoreeasilypollutioncanbecontrolled47.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Wecandomuchtoreducepollution.B.Thegovernmentistryinghardtostoppollution.C.IndividualsknowhowtogetridofthehabitoflitteringeverywherE.D.Wecan’tstopbuyingunnecessarythings.48.Peoplecanhelpsolvetheproblemofpollutionby_______.A.urgingtheirgovernmentstocontrollitterandwasteB.makinganti-pollutionadvertisementsC.cuttingdowntheuseofoilandotheroilproductsD.reducingunnecessarybuyingover-consumptionandcarelessdisposalofwastes

Itiswell-knownthatwhenanindividualjoinsagrouphetendstoacceptthegroup’sstandardsofbehaviorandthinking.Manyillustrations事例couldbegivenofthisfromeverydaylifebutwhatisofparticularinteresttopsychologists心理学家istheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressureAschandothersnoticedthatpeopleinagroupwillagreetostatementsthatarecontrarytotheevidenceoftheirsenses.Itwouldbeamistaketothinkthatonlyparticularlydocile听话的peoplearechosentotakepartinexperimentsofthistypE.UsuallyhighlyintelligentandindependentpeopleareuseD.Inatypicalexperimentthisiswhatmayhappen.Theexperimenterasksforvolunteerstojoinagroupwhichisinvestigatingvisualperception视觉.Thevictimsarenotthereforeawareoftherealpurposeoftheexperiment.Eachvolunteeristakentoaroomwherehefindsagroupofaboutsevenpeoplewhoarecooperatingwiththeexperimenter.ThegroupisshownastandardcardwhichcontainsasinglelinE.TheyarethenaskedtolookatasecondcarD.Thishasthreelinesonit.Oneisobviouslylongerthanthelineonthefirstcard;oneisshorterandonethesamelength.TheyhavetosaywhichlineonthesecondcardisthesamelengthasthelineonthestandardcarD.Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.Whenhisturncomesheisfacedwiththeunanimous全体一致的opinionoftherestofthegroup-alltheothershavechosenlineA.buthequiteclearlyseeslineB.ascorrect.Whatwillbedo?AccordingtoAschmorethanhalfofthevietimschosenwillchangetheiropinion.Whatisequallysurprisingisthatwheninterviewedabouttheiranswersmostexplainedthattheyknewthegroupchoicewasincorrectbutthattheygaveintothepressureofthegroupbecausetheythoughttheymustbesufferingfromanopticalillusion视错觉orbecausetheywereafraidofbeingdifferent.53.Thepsychologistsareparticularlyinterestedin.A.thechangesintheattitudesofthepeopleB.thedegreeofchangesofpeople’sopinionsC.theresultoftheexperimentD.thedifferenceinpeople’scharacters54.Peoplewhoareusuallychosentotakepartintheexperimentsare.A.independentB.easilyguidedC.foolishD.capableofreasoning55.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Theexperimenterandallthemembersofthegroupexceptthevictimknowthepurposeoftheexperiment.B.Allofthemknowthepurposeoftheexperiment.C.Onlytheexperimenterknowsthepurposeoftheexperiment.D.Onlythevictimknowsthepurposeoftheexperiment56.Morethanhalfofthevictimschangedtheiropinionbecause.A.someoneinthegroupchangedtheiropinionB.theythoughttheireyesmustbecheatedC.theythoughtthegroupchoicewascorrectD.theyhadbeentoldabouttheanswer

Successfulpeopleininternationalbusinessunderstandtheculturesofothercountriesandlearntochangetheirpracticesindifferentcultures.Theyunderstandtheimportanceofavoidingbusinessdecisionsbasedonmisconceptions-mistakenideas.Onecauseofmisconceptionsisethnocentrismthebeliefthatone’sownculture’swayofdoingthingsisbetterthanthewayofothercultures.It’sethnocentrismthatleadstofailureininternationalbusiness.Toavoidethnocentrismit’snecessarytostudythedifferentelements组成部分ofculture:languagevaluesandattitudesandcustomsandmanners.LanguageAknowledgeofthelocallanguagecanhelpinternationalbusinesspeopleinfourways.Firstpeoplecancommunicatesdirectly.SecondpeopleareusuallymoreopenintheircommunicationWithsomeonewhospeakstheirlanguagE.Thirdanunderstandingofthelanguageallowspeopletoinfermeaningsthatarenotsaiddirectly.Finallyknowingthelanguagehelpspeopletounderstandtheculturebetter.ValuesandAttitudesValuesarepeople’sbasicbeliefsaboutthedifferencebetweenrightandwronggoodandbaD.Anattitudeiswayofthinkingoracting.Valuesandattitudesinfluenceinternationalbusiness.ForExamplemanypeopleintheUnitedStatesbelievethatchocolatefromSwitzerlandisbetterthanchocolatefromothercountriesandtheybuyalotofit.CustomsandMannersCustomsarecommonsocialpractices.MannersarewaysofactingthatthesocietybelievesarepolitE.ForexampleintheUnitedStatesitiscustomtohavesalad色拉beforethemaincourseatdinnernotafter.It’snotacceptabletotalkwithfoodinmouthattablE.Failuretounderstandthecustomsandmannersofothercountrieswillbringdifficultysellingtheirproducts.OrangejuiceasabreakfastdrinkofanAmericancompanyinFrancedoesn’tsellwellbecausetheFrenchdon’tusuallydrinkjuicewithbreakfast.57.A.knowledgeofthelocallanguageallowsinternationalbusinesspeople__________.A.tobemoreopenwiththeircustomersB.tocommunicatewithoutoutsidehelpC.toexpresstheirthoughtsindirectlyD.tohaveabetterideaoftheirownculture58.TheactofmanypeoplebuyingchocolateofSwitzerlandshowstheroleof__________.A.mannersB.valuesC.attitudesD.customs59.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MisconceptionsinBusinessB.BasicBeliefsinBusinessC.InternationalBusinessCultureD.SuccessfulInternationalBusiness60.Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthisarticleistotellpeople_________.A.howtotakearightattitudeinbusinessB.howtoavoidmisunderstandingsinbusinessC.howtousealocallanguageinbusinessD.howtoactpolitelyandproperlyinbusiness

Amachinewhichmakeswateroutofaircouldbecomethegreatesthouseholdinventionsincethemicrowave.Usingthesametechnologyasadehumiditier除湿器theWaterMillisabletocreateareadysupplyofdrinkingwaterbygettingitfromalimitlesssource－theair.Thecompanybehindthemachinesaysnotonlydoesitofferallalternativetobottledwaterindevelopedcountriesbutitisasolutionforthemillionswhofaceadallywatershortage.Themachineworksbydrawingindampairthroughafilterandoveracoolingelementwhichchangesitintowaterdroplets.Itcallproduceupto12litersaday.TheWaterMillwillalsoproducemorewaterwhenstormspassoverasthehumidity湿度intheairincreases.Inkeepingwithitsecodevelopmentthemachineusesthesameamountofelectricityasthreefightbulbs.InventorJonathanRitcheysaid‘'Thedemandforwaterisoffthechart.Peoplearelookingforfreedomfromwaterdistributionsystemsthatareshakyandunreliable.Themachinewhichisabout3feetwideislikelytocost￡800whenitgoesonsalehereinthespring.ItsmakerCanadianfirmElementFourestimates估计thataliterofwaterwillcostaround20pencetoproduce.Environmentalistsclaimhalftheworld’spopulationwillfacewatershortagebecauseofclimatechangeby2080.Oneinfivehumansissaidtolackaccesstosafedrinkingwater.TheWaterMillisnoteffectiveinareaswithbelowabout30percentrelativehumiditybutwithaveragerelativehumidityinEnglandofmorethan70percentthatwon’tbemuchofanissuehere.63.Accordingtotheauthorthebiggestadvantageofthemachineisits.AlittlepoweruseB.propersizeC.unlimitedsourceD.highproduction64.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethatthemachine.A.canbeusedeverywhereC.hasnotbeenonsaleB.willreplacethewaterdistributionsystemD.willsolvetheproblemofwatershortage65.Whatisnecessaryforthemachinetowork?A.Enoughair.B.Enoughhumidity.C.Enoughwater.D.Enoughcontainers.66.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.MachinetoMakeWateroutofAirB.MicrowaveforHouseholdUseC.FiltertoDrawinDampAirD.ModemDehumidifieronSale

Climatechangeconnectedwiththereductionofwetlandsatthesourceofthecountry'stwolongestriverstheYangtzeandtheYellowhasreducedthevolumeofwaterflowingintothemscientistssaiD.Scientistsstudiedchangesoverpast40yearstothewetlandsonthecoldQinghai??TibetPlateauinwestChinawherethetworivershavetheirsources.Theyfoundthewetlandsontheplateauhaveshrunk减少morethan10percentoverthepastfouryears.ThewetlandsatthesourceoftheYangtzehavesufferedthemostdecreasingby29percent.About17.5percentofthesmalllakesatthesourceoftheYangtzehavedriedupthescientistssaiD.ThewetlandplaysakeyroleinholdingwaterandchangingthewatervolumeoftheriversWangXugenaresearchersaiD.ThereductionofthewetlandontheplateauiscloselyconnectedwithglobalwarmingWangsaidaddingthateventhoughrainfallhasincreasedintheareathereductionofthewetlandhasreducedtheflowoftheYangtzeandtheYellow.RecordsbytheweatherstationattheheadoftheYangtzeshowedyearlyrainfallatitssourceincreasedfrom260mmduring1991—2000to323mmintheperiod2001—2006.Buttheincreasedrainfalldidn'tleadtomorewater'sflowingintotheriversbecausetheevaporation蒸发wassofastasaresultofglobalwarmingLiShijiearesearchersaiD.Anotherstudyshowedglobalwarminghadcausedglacierstogetsmallerfrozenearthtomeltgrasslandstoturnyellowandriverstodryup.TheQinghai??TibetPlateauusedtohave36000glacierscoveringanareaof50000sqkm.Inthepast100yearstheirareahasbeenreducedby30percent.60.Accordingtothepassagethetruestatementofthefollowingisthat.A.thewetlandsatthesourceoftheYellowhavedecreasedby29percentB.there'snomorewaterinabout17.5percentofthesmalllakesatthesourceoftheYangtzeC.thereductionofthewetlandontheplateauhasnothingtodowithglobalwarmingD.yearlyrainfallhasincreasedfrom260mmto323mminthepast15years61.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheresultofglobalwarmingA.Frozenearthmelts.B.Evaporationbecomesfaster.C.Sealevelrises.D.Plantsgrowbetteringreenhouses.62.TheareathattheglaciersoftheQinghai??TibetPlateaucoverisnowaboutsqkm.A.35000B.12000C.15000D.1700063.Inthepassageplaysamostimportantpartinholdingwaterandchangingthevolumeoftherivers.A.yearlyrainfallB.theevaporationC.thewetlandD.climatechange

Treesareusefultomaninthreeveryimportantways:theyprovidehimwithwoodandotherproductstheygivehimshadeandtheyhelptopreventdroughtandfloods.Unfortunatelyinmanypartsoftheworldmanhasnotrealizedthatthethirdoftheseservicesisthemostimportant.InhiseagernesstodrawquickprofitfromthetreeshehascutthemdowninlargenumbersonlytofindthatwithoutthemhehaslostthebestfriendshehaD.TwothousandyearsagoarichandpowerfulcountrycutdownitstreestobuildwarshipswithwhichtogainitselfanempirE.Itgainedtheempirebutwithoutitstreesitssoilbecamehardandpoor.Whentheempirefelltopiecesthecountryfounditselffacedbyfloodsandstarvation.Eventhoughagovernmentrealizestheimportanceofaplentifulsupplyoftreesitisdifficultforittopersuadethevillagertoseethis.Thevillagerwantswoodtocookhisfoodwithandhecanearnmoneybymakingcharcoalorsellingwoodtothetownsman.Heisusuallytoolazyortoocarelesstoplantandlookaftertrees.Sounlessthegovernmenthasagoodsystemofcontrolorcaneducatethepeopletheforestswillslowlydisappear.Thisdoesnotonlymeanthatthevillagerssonsandgrandsonshavefewertrees.Theresultsareevenmoreserious.Forwheretherearetreestheirrootsbreakthesoilup―allowingtheraintosinkinandalsoholdthesoilthuspreventingitbeingwashedawayeasilybutwheretherearenotreesthesoilbecomeshardandpoor.Therainfallsonhardgroundandflowsawayonthesurfacecausingfloodsandcarryingawaywithittherichtopsoilinwhichcropsgrowsowell.Whenallthetopsoilisgonenothingremainsbutaworthlessdesert.63.Thepurposethatthewriterwrotethisarticleforis____.A.totellpeoplethattreesareveryusefultomanB.towarnpeoplenottocutdowntreesanymoreC.towarnthatmanmustn'tdestroyforestsanymoreD.toexplainhowtreeshelptopreventdroughtandfloods64.Inthewriter'sopinion____ortheforestsslowlydisappear.A.measuremustbetakenB.peopleshouldn'tdrawbenefitfromthetreeC.governmentmustrealizetheseriousresultsD.unlesstreesneverbecutdown65.Accordingtothearticleweknowitis____topreventtheforestsfromslowlydisappearing.A.necessarybutimpossibleB.necessarybutdifficultC.impossibleandunimportantD.difficultandimpossible66.Inthelasttwoparagraphsthewriterwantedtomakeitclearthat____.A.wheretherearenotreesthesoilbecomeshardandpoorB.wheretherearemanytreestherearefewerfloodsC.wheretherearenotreesthelandmightbecomedesertslowlyD.floodswillmakethelandbecomedesert

C.Disposing处理ofwastehasbeenaproblemsincehumansstartedproducingit.Asmoreandmorepeoplechoosetoliveclosetogetherincitiesthewastedisposalproblembecomesincreasinglydifficult.DuringtheeighteenthcenturyitwasusualforseveralneighboringtownstogettogethertoselectafarawayspotasadumpsitE.Residentsortrashhaulers垃圾拖运者wouldtransporthouseholdrubbishrottedwoodandoldpossessionstothesitE.PeriodicallysomeofthetrashwasburnedandtherestwasburieD.Theunpleasantsightsandsmellscausednoproblembecausenobodylivedcloseby.Factoriesmillsandotherindustrialsitesalsohadwastetobedisposedof.Thoselocatedonriversoftenjustdumpedtheunwantedremainsintothewater.Othersbuilthugeburnerswithchimneystodealwiththeproblem.Severalfactsmakethesechoicesunacceptabletomodernsociety.ThefirstproblemisspacE.Dumpswhicharenowcalledlandfillsaremostneededinheavilypopulatedareas.SuchareasrarelyhaveemptylandsuitableforthispurposE.Propertyiseithertooexpensiveortooclosetoresidentialneighborhoods.Longdistancetrashhaulinghasbeenacommonpracticebutoncefarmareasarerefusingtoacceptrubbishfromelsewherecheaplandwithintruckingdistanceofmajorcityareasisnonexistent.Awareness意识ofpollutiondangershasresultedinmorestrictrulesofwastedisposal.PollutionofriversgroundwaterlandandairisapricepeoplecannotlongerpaytogetridofwastE.Theamountofwastehowevercontinuestogrow.Recyclingeffortshavebecomecommonplaceandmanytownsrequiretheirpeopletotakepart.Eventhemostefficientrecyclingprogramshowevercanhopetodealwithonlyabout50percentofacity’sreusablewastE.64.Themostsuitabletitleforthispassagewouldbe__________.A.PlacesforDisposingWasteB.WastePollutionDangersC.WaysofGettingRidofWasteD.WasteDisposalProblem65.Duringthe18thcenturypeopledisposedtheirwasteinmanywaysEXCEPT________.A.buryingitB.recyclingitC.burningitD.throwingitintorivers66.Whatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraph?A.Farmareaswillcontinueacceptingwastefromthecityinmodernsociety.B.Thereischeaplandtoburywasteinmodernsociety.C.Itisdifficulttofindspacetoburywasteinmodernsociety.D.WaystodealwithwasteinmodernsocietystaythesamE.67.Themainpurposeofwritingthisarticleisto_______.A.drawpeople’sattentiontowastemanagementB.warnpeopleofthepollutiondangerswearefacingC.callonpeopletotakepartinrecyclingprogramsD.tellpeopleabetterwaytogetridofthewaste

Consumersarebeingconfusedandmisledbytheenvironmentalclaims声称madebyhouseholdproductsaccordingtoagreenlabeling标签studypublishedbyConsumersInternationalFriday.Amongthereport’smoreoutrageous令人无法容忍的finding―aGermanfertilizerdescribeditselfasearthwormfriendlyabrandoffloursaiditwasnon-polluting.andaBritishtoiletpaperclaimedtobeenvironmentallyfriendlier.ThestudywaswrittenandresearchedbyBritain’sNationalConsumerCouncilNCCforlobbygroupConsumersInternational.ItwassupportedbytheGermanandDutchgovernmentsandtheEuropeanCommission.WhilemanygoodandusefulclaimsarebeingmadeitisclearthereisalongwaytogoinensuringthatshoppersarewellinformedabouttheenvironmentalinfluenceofproductstheybuysaidConsumersInternationaldirectorAnnaFielder.The10-countrystudyexaminedproductpackaginginBritainWesternEuropeScandinaviaandtheUnitedStates.ItfoundthatproductssoldinGermanyandtheUnitedKingdommadethemostenvironmentalclaimsonaveragE.Thereportfocusedonclaimsmadebyspecificproductssuchasdetergent洗涤剂andgardenproducts.ItdidnottesttheclaimsbutcomparedthemtolabelingguidelinessetbytheInternationalStandardsOrganizationISO.Researchersdocumentedclaimsofenvironmentalfriendlinessmadebyabout2000productsandfoundmanyunclearortoomisleadingtomeetISOstandards.Laundrydetergentsmadethemostnumberofclaimswith158.Householdcleanersweresecondwith145separateclaimswhilepaintswerethirdonoutlistwith73.ThehighnumbersshowhowconfusingitmustbeforconsumerstosortthetruefromthemisleadingsaidreportresearcherPhilipPagE.TheISOlabelingstandardsbanunclearormisleadingclaimsonproductpackagingbecausetermssuchasenvironmentallyfriendly’’andnon-pollutingcannotbeproveD.WhatwearenowpushingforistohavemultinationalcorporationsmeetthestandardssetbytheISOsaidPagE.68.AccordingtothepassagetheNCCfounditoutrageousthat.A.alltheproductsclaimtomeetISOstandardsB.theclaimsmadebyproductsareoftenunclearormisleadingC.consumerswouldbelievemanyofthemanufactures’claimsD.fewproductsactuallyprovetobeenvironmentfriendly69.AsindicatedinthispassagewithsomanygoodclaimstheconsumersA.arebecomingmorecautiousabouttheproductstheyaregoingtobuyB.arestillnotwillingtopaymoreforproductswithgreenlabelingC.arebecomingmoreawareoftheeffectsdifferentproductshaveontheenvironmentD.stilldonotknowtheexactinfluenceofdifferentproductsontheenvironment70.ThepurposeofthestudycarriedoutbyBritain’sNCCisto.A.findouthowmanyclaimsmadebyproductsfailtomeetenvironmentalstandardsB.informtheconsumersoftheenvironmentalinfluenceoftheproductstheybuyC.examineclaimsmadebyproductsagainstISOstandardsD.revisetheguidelinessetbytheInternationalStandardsOrganization71.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthelobbygroupConsumerInternationalwantstoA.helpproductlabelingsatisfyISOrequirementsB.provetheeffectsofnon―pollutingproductsC.seeallhouseholdproductsmeetenvironmentalstandardsD.warnconsumersofthedangerofso―calledgreenproducts

HaveyoueverheardanewsreportertalkaboutDNA?ReporterstalkaboutDNAfoundatthesceneofacrimE.TheytalkaboutpolicefindingDNAfingerprints.PolicesometimesuseDNAasacluetofindoutwhocommittedthecrimE.DNAisasubstance物质thatmakesupgenes.Everythingalivehasgenes.Planshavegenes.Animalshavegenes.Youhavegenes.Genesarethebasicunitsofheredity遗传.Hereditymeansallthecharacteristicsyouinheritfromyourparents.Yougetyourgenesfromyourparents.Youinherithalfofyourgenesfromyourmother.Youinherithalfofyourgenesfromyourfather.GenesareakindofcodE.A.tree’sgenestellwhatshapeitsleaveswillbE.A.cat’sgenestellwhatcoloritsfurwillbE.YourgenestellwhatcoloryoureyeswillbE.YourgenestellwhatcoloryourhairwillbE.Everythingaboutyoucomesfromthecodeinyourgenes.Geneslineuponstrands链calledchromosomes染色体incells.Everythingaliveismadeupofcells.Chromosomesareinthecenterornucleusofcells.Differentpartsofyouaremadeofdifferentkindsofcells.YourmusclesaremadeofmusclecelIs.Yourskinismadeofskincells.Thecodeinyourgenestellsyourbodytomakedifferentkindsofcells.Thegenesineachcelltellthecellhowtowork.Theytellthecellwhentomakenewcopiesofitself.AnAustrianmonknamedGregorMendelfirstsawinheritedpatternsinpeaplants.Heexperimentedwithpeaplantsinthe1860s.Oneofthethingsortraits特质Mendelstudiedwaswhatmakessomepeaplantstallandsomeshort.Hesaidthatthetraitsmustcomefromunitsofhereditypassedfromtheparentplants.Theseunitswerelatercalledgenes.Inthemid-1900sscientistsdiscoveredthatgenesaremadeofDNA.Inthe1970sscientistslearnedhowtochangeDNAwithgeneticengineering.Scientistsalsolearnedthatproblemswithcertaingenescausediseases.Musculardystrophycysticfibrosisandhemophiliaaresomegeneticdiseases-diseasescausedbyproblemsingenes.Todayscientistsarelookingforwaystocuregeneticdiseasesbychanginggenesthroughaprocesscalledgenetherapy.WhatisDNA?A.DNAisakindofgenE.B.DNAisasubstancethatmakesupgenes.C.DNAisthebasicunitofheredity.D.DNAisameasuretoprotectcrimE.Whichofthefollowingaboutgenesiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?A.Plantsanimalsandhumanbeingshavethesamegenes.B.Halfpeopleinheritallgenesfromtheirmotherothersfromtheirfather.C.Genesdecidethetreesshapesthecats’furcolorandoureyes’coloraswell.D.Geneswillgiveyouacodewhenyouneedthem.Wherearegenes?A.Geneslininguponstrandscalledchromosomesareinthecenterofcells.B.Geneshideineverythingaliveinyourbody.C.Genescanbenowherebutinyourmindcontrollingallyouractions.D.Genestravelinyourbodyandhelpcopeskinmuscleandeyes.AnAustrianmonknamedGregorMendel.A.firstsawinheritedpatternsinpeopleB.wasinterestedinwhyplantsweredifferentC.firstcalledtheunitsofheredityfromparentsgenesD.wasthefirstwhodiscoveredgenesWecanconcludethat.A.scientistswerelessintelligentthanmonksin1900sB.somegenesarebadandcancausediseasesC.wedon’tneedtoworryaboutgeneticdiseasesanylongerD.thediscoveryofgenesmaybeofgreathelpinourdailylife

根据短文内容从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有一项为多余选项APlasticAustraliaDidyouknowAustraliausesaroundfourbillionplasticcheck-outbagsayear?Ifyoutiedallofthemtogetheritwouldcreateachainlongenoughtogoaroundtheworld25times!Andthat'sonlyAustralia---globallyhundredsofbillionsareused!Onlyasmallnumberarerecycledsowheredotherestendup?53Environmentalistsreckonthousandsofbirdsandmarineanimalsdieeachyearbecausetheyswallowtheplasticorgetcaughtupinit.In2000awhalediedonabeachinQueensland---6metresofplasticwasfoundinitstummy.54Butwhy?Whataretheymadeofthatmakesthemsobad?Wellwhenfossilfuelslikeoilandcoalareprocessedagasisproducedthatcanbemadeintopolyethylene---whichisplastic!It’sturnedintoallsortsofproducts.What’ssobadaboutit?WellduringtheprocessharmfulgreenhousegasesareemitteD.AnypolyethyleneorplastictakeshundredsofyearstobedestroyeD.55Soisthereanalternativetoplasticbags?Wehaven’talwaysusedthem---backinthe60sitwaspaperbagsandboxes.AndnowreusableandbiodegradablebagshavebeenintroduceD.Butsomepeoplereckonthebiodegradableonesaren'tuptothejobandthey'remoreexpensivetomakE.Sowhat'sthesolution?GovernmentministersmetrecentlytotalkaboutitbutnoonecouldagreE.SouthAustraliahasdecidedtogoitaloneandbanthebagsfromnextyear.Victoriaisgoingtotrialaprogramwherepeoplepayupto25centsforeachbag.Butsomepeoplereckonthat'snotfairbecausegroceriesarealreadyexpensivE.Othersreckonitwon'tworkanywaybecauselazyshopperswilljustpaytheextrA.It’sabigdebatE.TheGovernmentwillholdanothermeetinginsixmonths.Bythenwewillhaveusedanothertwobillionplasticbags.A.GreenbagsmaynotbethesolutiontotheproblembuttheyarereuseableunlikeplastiC.B.Nowevenifshoppingbagsmakeittodumpsthey'restillbadfortheenvironment.C.We’veallseenthemclingingtotreesdriftingalongfootpathsandswirlingaroundinoceans.D.SoonceplasticbagsaremadetheyhangaroundforaverylongtimE.

Runninglikethewindroaring咆哮likethundertigershavelongbeenfearedandrespectedasakingoftheanimalworlD.Butlastweekareportsaidthattherearenomorethan30wildtigersleftinsouthChinA.ThiswastheconclusionofateamofscientistsfromChina'sStateForestryAdministrationandtheWorldNatureFunD.TheSouthChinatigeralsoknownastheChinesetigerisnativetosouthernChinA.Inthe1950'stherewereover4000tigersfoundinmountainforestsinthecountry.Butduetothedestructionoftheirnaturalhabitat栖息地anduncontrolledhuntingithasbeenpushedontothelistoftheworld'stoptenmostendangeredspecies.Sixty-sixofthebigcatscanbefoundinthecagesofadozenzoosaroundChinA.Buttheyarenothingliketheirwildcousins.Theyhavelosttheirnaturalskillssuchashuntingandkilling.Iftheyweresetfreetheycouldnotlookafterthemselves.BreedinghasdamagedthequalityofthespeciessaidPeiEnledeputydirectoroftheShanghaiZoo.ToreintroducethespeciesintothewildthecountrystartedaprogrammetosendfivetotenyoungtigerstoSouthAfricA.FourofthemhavealreadyarriveD.Progresshasbeenmadeastwoeldertigershaverecoveredsomeoftheirinstincts本能andcanhuntwildanimalsbythemselvesattheAfricanbasE.SouthAfricansareveryexperiencedinreintroducingbiganimalstothewilD.ThecountryhasverygoodnaturalconditionsforthetigerstolearninsaidLuJunofficedirectoroftheNationalWildlifeResearchandDevelopmentCenter.WetriedinFujianProvincebutitwasnotsuccessfulastherewasnotacompleteeco-chain生物链andtherewasalackofspacE.ThetigersshouldreturntoChinain2007whenthereservationsinFujianareready.WhatisthemainreasonfortheSouthChinatigerbecomingoneoftheworld'stoptenmostendangeredspecies?A.Becauseithaslostitsnaturalinstincts.B.Becausethereisnotacompleteeco-chain.C.Becausethereisnospaceforit.D.Becauseuncontrolledhuntinghasdestroyeditsnaturallivingconditions.HowistheprogrammeofsendingseveraltigerstoSouthAfricagettingon?A.Itseffectstillremainstobeseen.B.Twotigerscanalreadycompetewiththeirwildcousins.C.Someofthetigersarealreadyontheroadtorecoveringtheirnaturalskills.D.Thetigersshouldbeabletorecovertheirinstinctscompletelyby2007.Bysayingbuttheyarenothingliketheirwildcousinsthewritermeansthat______.A.theyarenolongerfearedbyotherwildanimalsB.theydon'tknowhowtohuntorkillC.acompletechangehasresultedinthespeciesbecauseofbreedingD.toreintroducethemintothewildhasbecomeanurgenttaskWhatisthepurposeofsendingyoungtigerstoSouthAfrica?A.TohelpthetigersrecovertheirabilitytoliveinthewilD.B.Toprovidethemwithabetterenvironment.C.Togetthetigerstogoonatour.D.Tofindacompleteeco-chainforthem.WhichoneisnotthereasonforSouthAfricabeingchosenasthetrainingplace?A.BecausethetigerscanhuntwildanimalsbythemselvesattheAfricanbasE.B.BecauseSouthAfricansareskilledatdealingwiththetigers.C.Becausethereisacompleteeco-chainandenoughspacetherE.D.Becausethecountryhasgoodnaturalconditionsforthetigerstolearnin.

WhenpeoplegetbadtoothachestheyoftenhavetoeatsofteasilychewedfooD.Whenlionsgetbadtoothachestheyeatpeople?That'stheconclusionofazoologistattheFieldMuseumofNaturalHistoryinChicagoandadentistwhoworksoncarnivores食肉动物.Lionsdon’tnormallypreyonpeoplE.Everyonceinawhilehoweveralionwillgoonahuman-eatingdiet.Themostfamoussuchtragedyhappenedin1898whentwolionskilledandate135railwayworkersinKenya.Examiningthepreservedskulls骷髅ofthetwobigcatszoologistBrucePattersonanddentistEllisNeiburgerfoundthatbothanimalshadbeensufferingfromseveraldentaland|awproblems.Onelionhadthreemissingteethandalooseunsteadylowercaninethatwasprobablyuseless.Caninesarepointedteeththathuntinganimalsuseforgrippingandpiercingprey刺穿猎物.Thetwolionsmighthavebeensobadlydisabledthattheycouldn’tbitedownforcefullysaytheresearchers.Consequentlythelionsmighthaveabandonedtheirnormalmoredifficultpreyandturnedtohumans.HumansareeasypreyssaidPatterson.We'reveryslowwedon’thearverywellandwedon*tseeverywellinthedarkness.TheresearchcallstheirideatheInfirmityTheory.ItwasinspiredpartlybytheworkofJimCorbettatigerhunterinIndiainthe1930s.CorbettwasregularlycalledintohunttigersthathadbeendiningonIndianvillagers.TimeaftertimePattersondiscoveredthatthekillertigersweresufferingfromsomeill-healthyconditions.64.Theoriginalaimofthestudyistolookfor____.A.waysofprotectingwildanimalsB.waysoftreatingtoothachesoflionsC.whenandwherelionseatpeopleD.reasonsforsomelionseatingpeople65.Thereasonwhylionsdon'tnormallypreyonpeopleis____.A.thattheylikewildpreysbetterB.theyjusthuntforpreyatnightC.thathumansaredifficulttocatchD.notmentionedinthepassage66.JimCorbett'storyismentionedinthelastparagraphtoshowthat____.A.tigershavethesameeatinghabitsandpreysaslionsB.carnivoreshuntpeoplemostlyunderill-healthyconditionsC.tigerslikehurtingvillagerswhilelionslikerailwayworkersD.wildanimalsswallowhumanswhentheysufferfromtoothaches.67.Thebesttitleofthepassagecouldbe____.A.A.ZoologistAndaDentistB.WhyDoSomeWildAnimalsEatPeopleC.A.DiscoveryoftheSkullsofLionsD.HowCanHealthInfluenceEatingHabits

MoveEarth—it’snosciencefictionLONDON-Scientistshavefoundanunusualwaytopreventourplanetfromoverheating:moveittoacoolerspot.Allyouhavetodoissendafewcomets彗星inthedirectionofEarthanditsorbitwillbechangeD.Ourworldwillthenbesentspinningintoasafercolderpartofthesolarsystem.ThisideaforimprovingourclimatecomesfromagroupofUSNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationNASAengineersandAmericanastronomers.Theysaytheirplancouldaddanothersixbillionyearstotheusefullifetimeofourplanet—effectivelydoublingitsworkinglifE.TheplanputforwardbyDrLaughlinandhiscolleaguesDonKorycanskyandFredAdamsneedscarefullydirectingacometorasteroidsothatitpassesclosebyourplanetandsendssomeofitsgravitationalenergytoEarth.Earth’sorbitalspeedwouldincreaseasaresultandwewouldmovetoahigherorbitawayfromtheSunLaughlinsaiD.EngineerswouldthendirecttheircometsothatitpassedclosetoJupiterorSaturn.Thecometwouldpickupenergyfromoneofthesegiantplanets.LateritsorbitwouldbringitbacktoEarthandtheprocesswouldberepeateD.Intheshorttermtheplanprovidesanidealwaytoglobalwarmingalthoughtheteamwasactuallyconcernedwithamuchgreaterdanger.Thesuniscertaintoheatupinaboutabillionyearsandsoseriouslycompromiseourbiosphere生物圈—bycookingus.That’swhythegroupdecidedtotrytosaveEarth.Theplanhasoneortwoworryingaspectshowever.ForastartspaceengineerswouldhavetobeverycarefulabouthowtheydirectedtheirasteroidorcomettowardsEarth.Thesmallestmiscalculation误算inorbitcouldfireitstraightatEarth—withdeadlyconsequences.ThereisalsothequestionoftheMoon.AsthecurrentissueofScientificAmericanmagazinepointsoutifEarthwaspushedoutofitscurrentpositionitismostlikelytheMoonwouldbestrippedawayfromEarthitstates.Thiswouldgreatlychangeourplanet’sclimatE.1.WhatmakesthescientistsplantomoveEarth?A.A.fewcometsaremovingtothedirectionofEarth.B.Earth’sworkinglifeiscomingtoanendsoon.C.EarthwillbecometoohotformankindtokeepalivE.D.ThemoonismovingfartherandfartherawayfromEarth.2.IftheplanissuccessfulEarthwillhaveaworkinglifeof______years.A.12billionB.6billionC.18billionD.24billion3.Whatseriousproblemsmighttheplancauseaccordingtothepassage?A.ThecometmighthitEarthandmanmightlosethemoon.B.Earthmightbemovedtoofarawayandmanmightbefrozentodeath.C.ThecometmighthitJupiterorSaturnandneverreturntoEarth.D.Earth’sworkinglifemightbegreatlyshorteneD.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordcompromisemean?A.provideB.benefitC.shareD.endanger5.Whichofthefollowingbestshowshowtheplanwouldwork?